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DE3836531A1 - Stepper motor controller - Google Patents

Stepper motor controller

Info

Publication number
DE3836531A1
DE3836531A1 DE19883836531 DE3836531A DE3836531A1 DE 3836531 A1 DE3836531 A1 DE 3836531A1 DE 19883836531 DE19883836531 DE 19883836531 DE 3836531 A DE3836531 A DE 3836531A DE 3836531 A1 DE3836531 A1 DE 3836531A1
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
stepper motor
motor control
transistor
resistor
control according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
DE19883836531
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Karl-Diether Dipl Ing Nutz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Telefunken Electronic GmbH
Original Assignee
Telefunken Electronic GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Telefunken Electronic GmbH filed Critical Telefunken Electronic GmbH
Priority to DE19883836531 priority Critical patent/DE3836531A1/en
Publication of DE3836531A1 publication Critical patent/DE3836531A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P8/00Arrangements for controlling dynamo-electric motors rotating step by step
    • H02P8/14Arrangements for controlling speed or speed and torque
    • GPHYSICS
    • G04HOROLOGY
    • G04CELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C3/00Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means
    • G04C3/14Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means incorporating a stepping motor
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/51Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
    • H03K17/56Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
    • H03K17/60Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being bipolar transistors
    • H03K17/66Switching arrangements for passing the current in either direction at will; Switching arrangements for reversing the current at will
    • H03K17/661Switching arrangements for passing the current in either direction at will; Switching arrangements for reversing the current at will connected to both load terminals
    • H03K17/662Switching arrangements for passing the current in either direction at will; Switching arrangements for reversing the current at will connected to both load terminals each output circuit comprising more than one controlled bipolar transistor
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H03ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03KPULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K4/00Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions
    • H03K4/02Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions having stepped portions, e.g. staircase waveform
    • H03K4/026Generating pulses having essentially a finite slope or stepped portions having stepped portions, e.g. staircase waveform using digital techniques

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Control Of Stepping Motors (AREA)

Abstract

In the case of a stepper motor controller, the stepper motor is supplied with a discontinuously varying voltage.

Description

Schrittmotorsteuerungen dienen beispielsweise zum Steuern von elektroni­ schen Uhren. Solche Uhren bestehen aus einem Schrittmotor und einer Zahnraduntersetzung, die direkt den Uhrzeiger antreibt. Der Schrittmotor wird mit Hilfe einer Elektronik im Sekundentakt angesteuert. Der Erfin­ dung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Schrittmotorsteuerung anzugeben, die mit möglichst geringem Spannungsverlust arbeitet. Diese Aufgabe wird bei einer Schrittmotorsteuerung nach der Erfindung durch das Kenn­ zeichen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.Stepper motor controls are used, for example, to control electronics watches. Such watches consist of a stepper motor and one Gear reduction that drives the clock hand directly. The stepper motor is controlled with the help of electronics every second. The inventor is based on the task of specifying a stepper motor control, that works with as little voltage loss as possible. This task is in a stepper motor control according to the invention by the characteristic Sign of claim 1 solved.

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden an einem Ausführungsbeispiel erläutert.The invention is explained below using an exemplary embodiment.

Die Schrittmotorsteuerung wird gemäß der Figur mit Hilfe eines speziell auf die vorgesehene Anwendung zugeschnittenen Digital-Analogwandlers erzeugt. Eine von der Batteriespannung U Bat unabhängige Betriebsspannung liefert die aus dem Widerstand R 1, den Dioden D 20, D 21, D 22 und D 23 und dem Emitterfolger T 19 bestehende Referenzspannungsquelle. Die in der Leistungstransistorbrücke T 10, T 13, T 14 und T 15 angeordnete Last L (im allgemeinen ein Motor) erhält treppenförmige bzw. rampenförmige Spannungen durch die Transistoren T 10 und T 14. Die Last L wird jeweils auf der einen Seite mit einer treppenförmigen Spannung beaufschlagt, während die andere Seite jeweils auf Masse geschaltet wird.The stepper motor control is generated according to the figure with the aid of a digital-to-analog converter specially tailored to the intended application. An operating voltage that is independent of the battery voltage U Bat is supplied by the reference voltage source consisting of the resistor R 1 , the diodes D 20 , D 21 , D 22 and D 23 and the emitter follower T 19 . The load L (generally a motor) arranged in the power transistor bridge T 10 , T 13 , T 14 and T 15 receives step-like or ramp-shaped voltages through the transistors T 10 and T 14 . The load L is subjected to a step-like voltage on one side, while the other side is switched to ground.

Die Transistoren T 10 und T 14 liefern treppenförmige Spannungen, wenn ihre Basen durch treppenförmige Spannungen angesteuert werden. Die Transistoren T 10 und T 14 erhalten ihre treppenförmige Steuerspannungen vom Emitterfolger T 9, und zwar der Transistor T 10 über den Steuerwider­ stand R 8 und der Transistor T 14 über den Steuerwiderstand R 9. Damit der Transistor T 9 eine treppenförmige Spannung an die Basen der Tran­ sistoren T 10 und T 14 liefern kann, muß seine Basis mit einer treppenför­ migen Spannung angesteuert werden. Die treppenförmige Spannung für die Basis des Transistors T 9 liefert die aus den Widerständen R 4, R 5, R 6 und R 7 bestehende und von einem Teilkollektorstrom des Multikollek­ tortransistors T 17 durchflossene Widerstandskette. Jedem der genannten Widerstände ist die Emitter-Kollektorstrecke eines Transistors parallelge­ schaltet, so daß jeder Widerstand der Widerstandskette kurzgeschlossen werden kann. Dem Widerstand R 4 ist die Emitter-Kollektorstrecke des Transistors T 5, dem Widerstand R 5 ist die Emitter-Kollektorstrecke des Transistors T 6, dem Widerstand R 6 ist die Emitter-Kollektorstrecke des Transistors T 7 und dem Widerstand R 7 ist die Emitter-Kollektorstrecke des Transistors T 8 parallel geschaltet. Die Basen der parallel geschalteten Transistoren werden von Steuertransistoren angesteuert, und zwar der Transistor T 5 vom Steuertransistor T 4, der Transistor T 6 vom Steuertran­ sistor T 3, der Transistor T 7 vom Steuertransistor T 2 und der Transistor T 8 vom Steuertransistor T 1.The transistors T 10 and T 14 deliver step-like voltages when their bases are driven by step-like voltages. The transistors T 10 and T 14 receive their stepped control voltages from the emitter follower T 9 , namely the transistor T 10 via the control resistor R 8 and the transistor T 14 via the control resistor R 9 . So that the transistor T 9 can supply a step-shaped voltage to the bases of the transistors T 10 and T 14 , its base must be driven with a step-shaped voltage. The stair-shaped voltage for the base of the transistor T 9 provides the resistance resistor chain consisting of the resistors R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and R 7 and through a partial collector current of the multicollector gate transistor T 17 . Each of the resistors mentioned, the emitter-collector path of a transistor is switched in parallel so that each resistor of the resistor chain can be short-circuited. The resistor R 4 is the emitter-collector path of the transistor T 5 , the resistor R 5 is the emitter-collector path of the transistor T 6 , the resistor R 6 is the emitter-collector path of the transistor T 7 and the resistor R 7 is the emitter Collector path of the transistor T 8 connected in parallel. The bases of parallel connected transistors are controlled by control transistors, namely the transistor T 5 of the control transistor T 4, the transistor T 6 sistor from Steuertran T 3, the transistor T 7 of the control transistor T2 and the transistor T 8 of the control transistor T. 1

Das Kurzschließen von bestimmten Widerständen der Widerstandskette (R 4, R 5, R 6, R 7) hängt von den Logikzuständen E 1, E 2, E 4 und E 8 ab, die die Basen der Steuertransistoren (T 1, T 2, T 3, T 4) ansteuern. In Ab­ hängigkeit von der digitalen Information an den Steuertransistoren T 1, T 2, T 3 und T 4 kann die Spannung an der Widerstandskette (R 4, R 5, R 6, R 7) und damit auch an der Basis des Transistors T 9 treppenförmig variiert werden. Die Widerstände R 4, R 5, R 6 und R 7 der Widerstandskette sind gewichtet, d. h. ihre Widerstandswerte entsprechen einem Vielfachen der Widerstandseinheit R. Im Ausführungsbeispiel beträgt der Widerstandswert des Widerstandes R 4 8R, der Widerstandswert des Widerstandes R 5 4R, der Widerstandswert des Widerstandes R 6 2R und der Widerstandswert des Widerstandes R 7 1R. Werden die Logikzustände E 1, E 2, E 4 und E 8 einem normalbinärcodierten Vierbit-Zähler entnommen, so ergibt sich eine rampenförmige Spannung mit 16 Einzelstufen. Die Transistoren T 11, T 12, T 13 und T 14 dienen der Umpolung der treibenden Lastspannung, um den Schrittmotor (Last) mit einer einzigen Wicklung (Einphasenmotor) ausführen zu können. Dieses Umpolen erfolgt dadurch, daß entweder die Ansteuerleitungen A, A′ Strom für die Transistoren T 11, T 13 liefern oder im anders gepolten Zustand die Steuerleitungen B, B′ Basisstrom für die Transistoren T 12, T 15 liefern.The short-circuiting of certain resistors of the resistor chain (R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 ) depends on the logic states E 1 , E 2 , E 4 and E 8 , which the bases of the control transistors (T 1 , T 2 , T 3 , M 4 ). In dependence on the digital information on the control transistors T 1 , T 2 , T 3 and T 4 , the voltage across the resistor chain (R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 ) and thus also at the base of the transistor T 9 can be varied in steps. The resistors R 4 , R 5 , R 6 and R 7 of the resistor chain are weighted, ie their resistance values correspond to a multiple of the resistance unit R. In the exemplary embodiment, the resistance value of the resistor R 4 8R, the resistance value of the resistor R 5 4R, the resistance value of the resistor R 6 2R and the resistance value of the resistor R 7 1R. If the logic states E 1 , E 2 , E 4 and E 8 are taken from a normal binary-coded four-bit counter, the result is a ramp-shaped voltage with 16 individual stages. The transistors T 11 , T 12 , T 13 and T 14 serve to reverse the polarity of the driving load voltage in order to be able to execute the stepper motor (load) with a single winding (single-phase motor). This polarity reversal takes place in that either the control lines A, A ' supply current for the transistors T 11 , T 13 or, in a differently polarized state, the control lines B, B' supply base current for the transistors T 12 , T 15 .

Der Transistor T 17 bildet zusammen mit dem Transistor T 16 und dem Widerstand R 2 eine Stromquelle. Der Transistor T 18 bildet zusammen mit dem Widerstand R 3 eine Stromquelle, die Arbeitsströme für die Schalttransistoren T 5, T 6, T 7 und T 8 liefert.The transistor T 17 forms a current source together with the transistor T 16 and the resistor R 2 . The transistor T 18 forms, together with the resistor R 3, a current source which supplies working currents for the switching transistors T 5 , T 6 , T 7 and T 8 .

Die Dioden D 24, D 25 kompensieren die Basis-Emitter-Spannungsabfälle der Transistoren T 9 und T 10 bzw. T 9 und T 14.The diodes D 24 , D 25 compensate for the base-emitter voltage drops of the transistors T 9 and T 10 or T 9 and T 14 .

Claims (8)

1. Schrittmotorsteuerung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Schrittmotor durch eine sich stufenförmig ändernde Spannung gespeist wird.1. stepper motor control, characterized in that the stepper motor is fed by a step-changing voltage. 2. Schrittmotorsteuerung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Spannung erst stufenförmig zunimmt, um dann wieder stufenförmig abzunehmen.2. Stepper motor control according to claim 1, characterized in that the voltage first increases in stages and then again in stages to decrease. 3. Schrittmotorsteuerung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeich­ net, daß zur Erzeugung der stufenförmig sich ändernden Spannung eine Widerstandskette vorgesehen ist, deren Widerstände durch parallel geschal­ tete Schalttransistoren kurzschließbar sind, und daß die Schalttransistoren von Steuertransistoren angesteuert werden, die von einer Logikschaltung gesteuert werden.3. stepper motor control according to claim 1 or 2, characterized net that a to generate the step-changing voltage Resistor chain is provided, the resistors of which are shuttered by parallel Tete switching transistors are short-circuited, and that the switching transistors controlled by control transistors by a logic circuit to be controlled. 4. Schrittmotorsteuerung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch ge­ kennzeichnet, daß eine Stromquelle vorgesehen ist, die den Strom für die Widerstandskette liefert.4. stepper motor control according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized ge indicates that a current source is provided, which is the current for the Resistance chain supplies. 5. Schrittmotorsteuerung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Stromquelle aus einem Transistor und einem Widerstand besteht.5. stepper motor control according to claim 4, characterized in that the current source consists of a transistor and a resistor. 6. Schrittmotorsteuerung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Mehrkollektor-Transistor vorgesehen ist, der zu­ sammen mit einem Widerstand eine Stromquelle bildet, die die Arbeits­ ströme für die Schalttransistoren der Widerstandskette liefert. 6. stepper motor control according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized characterized in that a multi-collector transistor is provided which too together with a resistor forms a power source that works supplies currents for the switching transistors of the resistor chain.   7. Schrittmotorsteuerung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch ge­ kennzeichnet, daß der Schrittmotor jeweils auf der einen Seite mit einer treppenförmigen Spannung beaufschlagt wird, während seine andere Seite jeweils auf Masse geschaltet wird.7. stepper motor control according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized ge indicates that the stepper motor on one side with a Stair-shaped tension is applied while its other side is switched to ground. 8. Schrittmotorsteuerung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die den Schrittmotor ansteuernden Transistoren von einem Transistor ge­ steuert werden, an dessen Basis die Widerstandskette geschaltet ist.8. stepper motor control according to claim 7, characterized in that the transistors driving the stepper motor from a transistor are controlled, at the base of which the resistor chain is connected.
DE19883836531 1988-10-27 1988-10-27 Stepper motor controller Withdrawn DE3836531A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19883836531 DE3836531A1 (en) 1988-10-27 1988-10-27 Stepper motor controller

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19883836531 DE3836531A1 (en) 1988-10-27 1988-10-27 Stepper motor controller

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE3836531A1 true DE3836531A1 (en) 1990-05-03

Family

ID=6365982

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE19883836531 Withdrawn DE3836531A1 (en) 1988-10-27 1988-10-27 Stepper motor controller

Country Status (1)

Country Link
DE (1) DE3836531A1 (en)

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1140970B (en) * 1962-01-17 1962-12-13 Boelkow Entwicklungen Kg Arrangement for generating stair-shaped vibrations
DE2047029A1 (en) * 1969-09-25 1971-04-01 Recording Designs Ltd Rotary drive system
DE2532397A1 (en) * 1975-07-19 1977-02-10 Licentia Gmbh Multi collector transistor constant current supply - circuit with multiple output uses additional collector for wider voltage range
DE2944355A1 (en) * 1978-11-02 1980-06-12 Gilson Med Electr STEP BY STEPPING MOTOR
DE2903552A1 (en) * 1979-01-31 1980-08-14 Siegfried Emmerich Di Schustek Generator for electric vehicle with sinusoidal output - uses frequency control and forms approximation to ideal wave by simultaneous variation of polyphase outputs
DE3011719A1 (en) * 1979-03-26 1980-10-02 Janome Sewing Machine Co Ltd STEPPER MOTOR DRIVE CONTROL
DE2953307A1 (en) * 1979-01-29 1981-01-08 Licentia Gmbh CONTROL ARRANGEMENT FOR THE STATOR WINDINGS OF AN AC POWER MOTOR FOR HIGH DYNAMIC DRIVES
DE2740833C2 (en) * 1977-09-10 1981-09-24 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Circuit arrangement for operating electromechanical switching mechanisms
DE3713148A1 (en) * 1986-04-17 1987-10-29 Kollmorgen Tech Corp MICROSTAGE SWITCH DRIVE DEVICE

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1140970B (en) * 1962-01-17 1962-12-13 Boelkow Entwicklungen Kg Arrangement for generating stair-shaped vibrations
DE2047029A1 (en) * 1969-09-25 1971-04-01 Recording Designs Ltd Rotary drive system
DE2532397A1 (en) * 1975-07-19 1977-02-10 Licentia Gmbh Multi collector transistor constant current supply - circuit with multiple output uses additional collector for wider voltage range
DE2740833C2 (en) * 1977-09-10 1981-09-24 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Circuit arrangement for operating electromechanical switching mechanisms
DE2944355A1 (en) * 1978-11-02 1980-06-12 Gilson Med Electr STEP BY STEPPING MOTOR
DE2953307A1 (en) * 1979-01-29 1981-01-08 Licentia Gmbh CONTROL ARRANGEMENT FOR THE STATOR WINDINGS OF AN AC POWER MOTOR FOR HIGH DYNAMIC DRIVES
DE2903552A1 (en) * 1979-01-31 1980-08-14 Siegfried Emmerich Di Schustek Generator for electric vehicle with sinusoidal output - uses frequency control and forms approximation to ideal wave by simultaneous variation of polyphase outputs
DE3011719A1 (en) * 1979-03-26 1980-10-02 Janome Sewing Machine Co Ltd STEPPER MOTOR DRIVE CONTROL
DE3713148A1 (en) * 1986-04-17 1987-10-29 Kollmorgen Tech Corp MICROSTAGE SWITCH DRIVE DEVICE

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DE-Z: JUNGBLUT, U.: Einfacher Treppenspannungs- generator zur Kennliniendarstellung. In: Elektro- nik, vol.23, no.7, p.260-1, July 1974 *
US-Z: YELL, R., WHITE, B., HOLLAND, K.: Improving stepping motor angular resolution. In: Electronic Engineering, March 1978, S.45-47, *

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Legal Events

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