DE3724641A1 - Process and device for producing, by machines, a heat-insulating lightweight concrete building brick - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a process and a device for producing, by machines, a heat-insulating lightweight concrete masonry brick (13) with a multiplicity of hollow spaces (32) which penetrate the brick vertically and are formed by vertical longitudinal webs (15) arranged parallel to one another and transverse webs (31) which join said longitudinal webs (15) and are in each case arranged offset with respect to one another. A filling carriage (3) which is open at least at the bottom and is filled with lightweight concrete composition (8) travels above a mould box (4) back and forth in a direction parallel to the longitudinal-web mould cavities thereof, the lightweight concrete composition (8) being filled into the mould cavities by the back and forth movement caused by the filling carriage (3). The lightweight concrete composition (8) is compacted to form the actual building brick (13) by means of a mould plunger (5) engaging from above into the mould cavities, preferably with vibration of the mould box (4). The building bricks (13) are removed from the formwork upwards by removing the mould plunger (5) and mould box (4) and are moved laterally out of the moulding machine in the direction of the longitudinal webs (15) for hardening. The lightweight concrete composition (8) has, during the filling into the mould cavities by the filling carriage (3), apart from the movement component (longitudinal movement component 25) parallel to the longitudinal-web mould cavities, a movement component (transverse movement component 26) imparted to it transversely thereto by means of mechanical guide elements in the filling carriage (3). The mechanical guide elements are a grid (12, 12a-12d) which [lacuna] in the ... Original abstract incomplete. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a method or a Device for the mechanical production of heat insulating lightweight concrete brick with those in the upper Concept of claim 1 or 4 specified characteristics.

Bricks for exterior walls must have different reason fulfill requirements. First of all, these are sufficient strength and low heat conductivity. Especially for lightweight concrete bricks the thermal conductivity is essentially two Factors determined: from the bulk density and the shape and Dimensioning the hole pattern that passes through the wall stone interspersed in vertical direction, in Layers behind the heat transfer direction behind mutually arranged cavities is formed. Naturally also plays the absolute thickness of the brick in Heat transfer direction a role.

Because with decreasing bulk density of the lightweight concrete mass whose thermal conductivity decreases, one endeavors a lightweight concrete with the lowest possible density use. However, here are down borders set, as well as the strength with decreasing Raw density goes back. They are relevant gross densities values that provide an optimal compromise between high strength and low thermal conductivity represent.  

To improve the thermal insulation so over tions with regard to the hole pattern become. It is generally the principle that the Thermal insulation is better, the more cavities in Heat transfer direction one behind the other in the brick are arranged. In addition, the longitudinal webs of the brick connecting transverse webs respectively be offset from each other so that the Heat flow through the brick as long as possible Must travel way.

The circumstances described may be in clay or Clay tiles are easily taken into account become. Such bricks are namely in the extruder process extruded from a paste-like matrix. The extrusion nozzle can be a correspondingly delicate Shaped image, creating a variety of cavity layers in heat transfer direction one behind the other with narrow longitudinal and offset each other arranged transverse webs is formed.

The reduction of the web and cavity thicknesses at In contrast, lightweight concrete bricks are boundaries set. This is mainly due to plant and procedural reasons. Lightweight concrete masonry units They are usually in automatic form produced machines. These are essentially on a base board a bottom and top open Shape box corresponding to the hole pattern Form cores is equipped. The latter form the hollow spaces in the finished lightweight concrete brick. Above that Mold box moves in the direction parallel to its longitudinal web mold cavities down a filling car out and forth, which is filled with lightweight concrete mass. there The lightweight concrete mass is under its loader caused float in the mold hollow filled spaces. Subsequently, the filling car in his starting position is reduced, where he is from a  Silo is filled again with lightweight concrete mass. while this engages in the mold cavities from above a shape stamp, the lightweight concrete mass preferably while shaking the molding box to the actual wall stone compacted to its final height. The wall stones are removed by peeling off the die and box upwards and towards her Longitudinal webs for curing from the molding machine from transported. It must be ensured that the Removal parallel to the direction of the longitudinal webs he follows, since not yet abge in this direction bound brick the most insensitive to the Acceleration forces during removal and in the special when starting the brick is. Would the unhardened brick in right-angled Direction to the longitudinal webs are transported, he would collapse when starting or at least so much deformed that he does not more usable. In this context is too mention that in light weight Bricks usually the direction of movement of the Filling carriage parallel to the removal direction of the wall stones lies. As a result, the filling carriage moves in parallel to the longitudinal ridge mold cavities above the molding box.

Should now a particularly delicate, high heat insulating lightweight brick, so must the thicknesses of the longitudinal and transverse webs down set and more mold cores are used. forced In the meantime, very narrow mold cavities become common created with the earth-moist, lumpy light concrete mass must be filled. It is stated been that this filling in an oscillating Movement of the filling carriage and thus the lightweight concrete mass not or parallel to the longitudinal ridge mold cavities only to a small extent, so that the production of highly insulating lightweight concrete bricks with  a slender hole pattern not or anyway not possible in an economically justifiable framework is. On the other hand, a satisfactory degree of filling would or -speed be achieved when the Filler at right angles to the longitudinal ridge mold cavities would be moved over the molding box. This would result namely a kind of stripping effect of lightweight concrete mass at the upper edges of the longitudinal ridge mold cavities. However, you turn the molding box 90 ° to this Exploit effect, so the removal of the not yet hardened bricks also in Direction across to the longitudinal webs, resulting from the above must be avoided.

The invention is based on the object Method and device for producing thermo-insulating lightweight concrete bricks which while avoiding the problems described above a particularly delicate hole pattern and therefore one have particularly good thermal insulation.

This task is characterized by the characterizing features of claim 1 or 4 solved. Regarding the procedural point of view is after Claim 1 of the lightweight concrete mass when filling in the Mold cavities from the stuffing cart beside the move component parallel to the longitudinal ridge mold cavities by means of mechanical guide elements in the filling a Movement component given transversely thereto. This will the lightweight concrete mass at the upper edges of the longitudinal and crosspiece mold cavities forming cores stripped, resulting in a fast and time-saving Filling the mold cavities takes place. According to claim 4 To do this, in the lower open side of the filling carriage, a grate with a plurality, preferably spaced in parallel to each other, horizontally arranged oblique struts as used mechanical guide elements. Their longitudinal  Direction forms with the direction of movement of the filling Dare a sharp angle. It becomes clear that to Implementation of the method according to the invention conventional production machine for lightweight concrete wall stones only with a corresponding equipped with a slender form and the filling car with the grate of the invention must be provided to high heat insulating lightweight concrete bricks under reasonable time and thus cost to produce to be able to. At the same time is indicated by the Measures the degree of filling of the mold cavities so large that an extraordinarily high strength and thus Quality of the delicate lightweight concrete bricks is achievable.

By the specified in claims 2 and 3 Process characteristics will be a uniform filling of entire shape, especially in their corner areas supported. This is especially important because of the shape box for the simultaneous production of several, For example, six bricks, is designed. Accordingly, the quality of the stones of copy to copy consistently high.

The dependent claims 5-13 indicate advantageous Further developments of the grate arranged in the filling carriage.

The specified in claim 5 acute angle of about 30 ° of the oblique struts to the direction of movement of the filling Wagen makes a favorable compromise the generated by the longitudinal movement of the filling carriage Movement components of the lightweight concrete mass in the direction the longitudinal ridge mold cavities and across it.

By the characterizing part of claim 6 are the Inclined struts structurally very simple design. In particular, the rust of a frame and in it  welded, vertical with their width direction arranged flat iron made particularly easy and also retrofitted in existing molding machines become.

Due to the embodiment of claim 7 is avoided that between the oblique struts in the filling car and the top edges of the brick cavities forming mandrels are stones of lightweight concrete mass jam or wed. This would be a high one Wear in the molding box and at the grate of the filling truck lead, which greatly extends the life of the device impaired. In addition, the molding machine would Run very restless and the already loud noise development of the machine further increased.

According to claim 8, the rust on the oblique struts several, transversely to the direction of movement of the filling carriage spaced apart transverse struts on each other. These take the lightweight concrete mass in the back and forth Movement of the filling carriage against the mass held dwelling with inertia, causing the lightweight concrete mass a greater speed in the direction of movement of the Füllwagens and due to the oblique struts also in Transverse direction receives. The mold filling becomes so further improved.

In claim 9 is an alternative embodiment of specified a grid with diagonal and cross struts. By the same arrangement is a kind of a Striving network formed, which greatly improved its own has stability. It also makes the distribution the lightweight concrete mass over the molding box and ins special the introduction of the mass into the mold in improved their corners.  

The same purpose serves a training of the grate according to the characterizing features of claim 10. In addition, by the opposite Angular directions of the part diagonal struts between two adjacent cross struts in terms of motion Direction of the filling carriage closest part diagonally while aiming at the various positions in the filling dare movement components of the lightweight concrete mass in Transverse direction generated, since this, however, alternately are directed to the left and right, is through the Inertia of lightweight concrete mass no resulting Total counterforce in the transverse direction of the filling carriage this generated. As a result, the roller bearings and Drive elements of the filling carriage before excessive Wear protected.

The formation of the grate with parallel to the movement Direction of the filling carriage arranged longitudinal struts (Claim 11) serves to improve the stability of simple, without cross struts provided grates. This applies in particular to the training of this Embodiment according to claim 12.

By training one with a longitudinal strut provided grate according to the mark of the claim 13 the same benefits are achieved as they are already set out in claim 10.

Due to the variety of different configurations for the arrangement of the oblique struts or partial and Halbschrägstreben will realize that this merely an exemplary, advantageous embodiment shapes. There are many other arrangements think bar, where by inclined struts in the filling dare the lightweight concrete mass movement components across granted to the direction of movement of the filling carriage.  

Claim 14 relates to a lightweight concrete brick of according to the inventive method and in the Device according to the invention is manufactured and web thicknesses of about 15-20 mm and cavity thicknesses in heat has a direction of passage of about 10-15 mm. Though are bricks with such a hole pattern Sizing known. This is not true for Lightweight concrete bricks to which it was previously for was held impossible by means of common Manufacturing processes and devices under Wirt conditions are so finely articulated To achieve a hole pattern.

The invention is based on an embodiment explained in more detail in the accompanying figures. Show it:

Fig. 1-5 show schematic side views of the molding machine for lightweight concrete masonry units in different positions of the machine components,

Fig. 6-9 views of the filling carriage from below with various alternative embodiments of the grate mounted therein and

Fig. 10 is a plan view of a lightweight concrete brick produced by the method and apparatus of the invention.

The forming machine shown in Figs. 1-5 essentially comprises a lightweight concrete silo ( 1 ), on rails ( 2 ) back and forth movable filling carriage ( 3 ), below the level of the filling carriage ( 3 ) arranged molding box ( 4 ) and a lifting and lowering mold punch ( 5 ) located above it in rest position. The molding box ( 4 ) is open at the top and bottom and rests on a base board ( 6 ) which is mounted displaceably on a roller conveyor ( 7 ).

In Fig. 1, the starting position of the molding machine is shown. The top and bottom open filling carriage ( 3 ) is filled from the lightweight concrete silo ( 1 ) with lightweight concrete mass ( 8 ). To prevent these from the filling carriage (3) can flow, is located below the filling carriage (3) between the running rails (2), a covering plate just before the Leichtbetonsilo (1) facing side of the molding box (4) ends. If a certain degree of filling of the filling carriage ( 3 ) is reached, this is displaced in the direction of the molding box ( 4 ), wherein under the opening ( 9 ) of the lightweight concrete silo ( 1 ) with the filling carriage ( 3 ) connected closure plate ( 10 ) pushes. The filling carriage ( 3 ) is shifted so far to the right with respect to FIG. 2 until it is above half of the flask ( 4 ). In the molding box ( 4 ) forming cores (not shown) are arranged, which form between them the mold cavities for forming the longitudinal and transverse webs of the lightweight concrete block. In the machine position shown in Fig. 2, the filling carriage ( 3 ) in the direction of movement ( 11 ) oscillating back and forth, whereby the lightweight concrete mass ( 8 ) into the mold box ( 4 ) passes under filling of the mold cavities. By the reciprocating movement of the filling carriage ( 3 ) of the lightweight concrete mass is given a movement component parallel to the direction of movement ( 11 ) of the filling carriage ( 3 ). The grate ( 12 ) shown schematically in FIGS. 1-5, the shape and position of which will be described in more detail below, also gives the lightweight concrete mass ( 8 ) a movement component transverse to the direction of movement ( 11 ) of the filling carriage ( 3 ). As a result, as described at the upper edges of the longitudinal web mold cavities of the mold box ( 4 ) a stripping effect, whereby it is possible even thin mold cavities in a short time and thus to fill in an economical manner ( Fig. 3).

After emptying of the filling carriage ( 3 ) this is moved back into its starting position shown in Fig. 1, 4 and 5, where the filling process as described with reference to FIG. 1, begins again. At the same time, the forming punch ( 5 ) whose shape is adapted to the mold cavities in the molding box ( 4 ) is moved downwards by means of hydraulic drive elements ( 35 ) until it engages the molding box ( 4 ) ( FIG. 4). Under vibration of the molding box ( 4 ) and the forming die ( 5 ), the lightweight concrete mass ( 8 ) in the molding box ( 4 ) to the actual brick ( 13 ) is compressed to the final height dimension.

In a final manufacturing step, the molding box ( 4 ) and punch ( 5 ) are pulled vertically upwards, whereby the standing on the backing board ( 6 ) wall stones ( 13 ) are de-energized. The backing board ( 6 ) with the bricks ( 13 ) is moved laterally away with a transport direction ( 14 ) on the roller conveyor ( 7 ), which is parallel to the direction of movement ( 11 ) and to the direction of the brick longitudinal webs ( 15 ).

By approaching a new underlay board ( 6 ) and lowering the mold box ( 4 ), the starting position shown in Fig. 1 is restored.

In FIGS. 6-9 of the filling carriage (3), each with different grids (12 a - 12 d) in the viewing direction from below. The filling carriage ( 3 ) itself essentially consists of a frame ( 16 ) which is square in horizontal section and whose frame parts form the side walls ( 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ). On the two opposite side walls ( 17 , 19 ) pairs of rollers ( 21 ) are fixed in the region of the lower edge, which run on the rails ( 2 ) of the molding machine. In the lower open side of the frame ( 16 ) each of the grates ( 12 a , 12 b , 12 c , 12 d ) are fitted. You have your part on a frame ( 22 ), which serves to attach the different rust struts. The latter are all made of flat iron whose width direction is vertical.

The grate shown in Figure 6 ( 12 a ) is provided in the frame ( 22 ) with a plurality of parallel spaced apart, horizontally extending oblique struts ( 23 ). with the direction of movement ( 11 ) of the filling carriage ( 3 ) each form an acute angle ( 24 ) of about 30 °. Now, if the loading carriage ( 3 ) in its direction of movement ( 11 ) over the molding box ( 4 ) reciprocated, the lightweight concrete mass ( 8 ) in addition to the longitudinal movement component ( 25 ) by the oblique struts ( 23 ) granted a transverse movement component ( 26 ) , which is respectively directed to the right and left with respect to Fig. 6 when moving back and forth.

The grate ( 12 b ) of FIG. 7 differs from the grate ( 12 a ) shown in FIG. 6 only in that upper half of the oblique struts ( 23 ) additionally parallel spaced transverse struts ( 27 ) on the frame ( 22 ) are attached. Through this, the lightweight concrete mass ( 8 ) in the filling carriage ( 3 ) in its reciprocation better in the direction of movement ( 11 ) taken.

In Fig. 8, a consuming designed grate ( 12 c ) is shown. In this, the transverse struts ( 27 ') are equal to the oblique struts. Since the angle direction of the angle ( 24 ) with the direction of movement ( 11 ) of the filling carriage ( 3 ) in each case from the transverse strut ( 27 ') to cross strut ( 27 ') changes, which are shown in Fig. 8, each successive zig-zag arranged partial diagonal struts ( 28 ) formed.

In the grate ( 12 d ) of Fig. 9 is centrally parallel to the direction of movement ( 11 ) extending longitudinal strut ( 29 ) arranged equal to the oblique struts ( 23 ). The latter extend left and right of the longitudinal strut ( 29 ) in opposite angular directions, whereby the half-skew struts ( 30 ) shown are formed in herringbone arrangement.

In Fig. 10, a brick ( 13 ) according to the invention in plan view is shown. This consists of twelve parallel spaced from each other extending longitudinal struts ( 15 ), which are mitein by respectively offset from one another position to position arranged transverse webs ( 31 ) mitein other. The longitudinal ( 15 ) and transverse webs ( 31 ) form between them the horizontally cut approximately elongated rectangular cavities ( 32 ). In the heat passage direction ( 33 ) are eleven cavity layers ( 34 ) in a row, which together with the offset of the transverse webs ( 31 ) is a highly insulating, delicate lightweight concrete brick created. The thickness ( d _s ) of the longitudinal ( 15 ) and transverse webs ( 31 ) is about 16 mm. The thickness ( d _H ) of the cavities ( 32 ) in the heat transmission direction ( 33 ) is about 12 mm.

reference numeral

 1 Leichtbetonsilo  2 runner  3 charging car  4 molding box  5 forming punch  6 support board  7 roller conveyor  8th Lightweight concrete mass  9 opening 10 closure plate 11 movement direction 12 rust 12 a rust 12 b rust 12 c rust 12 d rust 13 brick 14 transport direction 15 longitudinal web 16 frame 17 Side wall 18 Side wall 19 Side wall 20 Side wall 21 role 22 frame 23 diagonal strut 24 corner 25 Longitudinal movement component 26 Transverse movement component 27, 27 ' crossmember 28 Part diagonal strut 29 longitudinal strut 30 Half diagonal strut 31 crosspiece 32 cavity 33 Heat transfer direction 34 cavity position 35 driving element d _S web thickness d _H cavity thickness

Claims (15)

1. A method for the production of a thermally insulating lightweight concrete brick ( 13 ) with a plurality of the stone vertically penetrating hollow spaces ( 32 ) by vertical, mutually parallel longitudinal webs ( 15 ) and connecting them, each offset from each other transverse webs ( 31 ) are formed with the following process steps:

• - One with lightweight concrete mass ( 8 ) filled, at least open bottom loading carriage ( 3 ) moves over a mold box ( 4 ) in the direction parallel to the longitudinal web-shaped cavities back and forth, wherein the lightweight concrete mass ( 8 ) under the filling of the ( 3 ) evoked reciprocating motion is filled into the mold cavities,
• - By means of an engaging in the mold cavities from above forming punch ( 5 ) the lightweight concrete mass ( 8 ) is preferably compacted by shaking the mold box ( 4 ) to the actual brick ( 13 ),
• - the bricks ( 13 )
  • - Be removed by removing the mold punch ( 5 ) and box ( 4 ) upwards and
  • - moved to the side of the longitudinal webs ( 15 ) for curing from the molding machine,

characterized in that the lightweight concrete mass ( 8 ) when filling in the mold cavities of the filling carriage ( 3 ) in addition to the movement component (longitudinal movement component 25 ) parallel to the longitudinal web mold cavities by means of mechanical vanes in the filling carriage ( 3 ) a component of movement transverse thereto (transverse component 26 ) is granted. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that when moving back and forth of the filling carriage ( 3 ) of the lightweight concrete mass ( 8 ) movement components in the transverse direction (transverse movement components 26 ) are issued, which are each directed in opposite directions. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the lightweight concrete mass in the movement of the filling carriage ( 3 ) movement components (transverse movement components 26 ) are issued, whose respective transverse direction is dependent on the respective position of the mass ( 8 ) in the filling car. 4. An apparatus for the manufacture of a thermally insulating lightweight concrete brick ( 13 ) having a plurality of the stone (137 vertically passing cavities ( 32 ) by vertical, mutually parallel longitudinal webs ( 15 ) and connecting them, each staggered arranged transverse webs ( 31 ) are formed, with:

• - A molding box ( 4 ) for the simultaneous formation of preferably several bricks ( 13 ),
• - A filling with lightweight concrete mass ( 8 ), open at the bottom filling carriage ( 3 ) for filling the lightweight concrete mass ( 8 ) in the mold cavities above the molding box ( 4 ) parallel to the longitudinal web of the mold cavities back and forth,
• - A movable from above into the mold cavities forming die ( 5 ), by means of which the lightweight concrete mass ( 8 ) preferably while shaking the mold box ( 4 ) in this to the actual brick ( 13 ) is compressible, characterized in that in the lower open side of the filling carriage ( 3 ) a grate ( 12 , 12 a - d ) with a plurality of preferably parallel spaced apart inclined struts ( 23 , 28 , 30 ) is used as mechanical guide elements whose longitudinal direction an acute angle ( 24 ) with the direction of movement ( 11 ) of the filling carriage ( 3 ) forms.

5. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the oblique struts ( 23 , 28 , 30 ) at an angle ( 24 ) of approximately 30 ° to the direction of movement ( 11 ) of the filling carriage ( 3 ) are arranged. 6. Apparatus according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the oblique struts ( 23 , 28 , 30 ) are formed as with their width direction vertically arranged flat iron. 7. Device according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the oblique struts are arranged at a distance above the surface of the molding box ( 4 ), which corresponds approximately to the maximum grain size of the lightweight concrete mass ( 8 ) used. 8. Device according to one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the grate ( 12 b , c ) on the oblique struts ( 23 , 28 ) a plurality of transversely to the direction of movement ( 11 ) of the filling carriage ( 3 ) spaced from each other arranged transverse struts ( 27 ) having. 9. Device according to one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the same with the oblique struts ( 23 , 28 ) a plurality of spaced apart, transversely to the direction of movement ( 11 ) of the filling carriage ( 3 ) extending transverse striving ( 27 ') are arranged. 10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that each strive between two adjacent cross ( 27 ') arranged Teilschrägstreben ( 28 ) with their angular direction opposite to the angular direction of each in the direction of movement ( 11 ) of the filling carriage ( 3 ) closest Teilschräg strive ( 28 ). 11. Device according to one of claims 4 to 7, characterized in that the grate ( 12 d ) at least one parallel to the direction of movement ( 11 ) of the filling carriage ( 3 ) arranged longitudinal strut ( 29 ). 12. The apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that the grate ( 12 d ) has a centrally relative to the Füllwagenbreite, evenly with the oblique struts (half oblique struts 30 ) arranged longitudinal strut ( 29 ). 13. The apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that the both sides of the longitudinal strut ( 29 ) lying half-oblique struts ( 30 ) left and right of the longitudinal strut ( 29 ) are arranged extending directions in opposite directions in each case. 14. Lightweight concrete brick with a plurality of vertical longitudinal webs ( 15 ) and these connecting, mutually offset transverse webs ( 31 ), wherein the longitudinal ( 15 ) and transverse webs ( 31 ) between them a plurality of the stone ( 13 ) vertically penetrating cavities ( 32 ) in a plurality of hollow space layers ( 34 ) successively with respect to the heat passage direction ( 33 ) form, characterized in that the method and in the apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims ago asked lightweight concrete brick ( 13 ) longitudinal ( 15 ) and transverse webs (31) having a web thickness (d _s) of about 15-20 mm and a cavity thickness (d _H) in the heat transfer direction (33) of about 10-15 mm.