DE3212696C2 - Freight container - Google Patents

Abstract

In the case of a freight container, the tank is connected to front frames (12) via saddle structures (11) which are provided with the standard corner fittings customary in container construction and which define the outer dimensions of the container. In its simplest form, each saddle structure consists of a cylindrical end ring (20), which is welded to the relatively weaker spherically curved main part of the tank bottom (24) radially inside the strongly curved flange zone (25), and a saddle ring (21) with a right-angled cross-section, which is fastened with its radially extending flange to the end frame (12) and / or its diagonal struts (18) and is welded to the end ring (20) with its flange extending in the axial direction of the tank. This saddle structure enables a stable connection between the tank and the front frame with a largely direct introduction of the forces transmitted by the tank into the corner areas of the front frame. At the same time, it allows the "breathing movements" occurring in the case of temperature and pressure fluctuations in the rim zone (25) of the tank bottom (24). As a result of the relatively large angle at which the end ring (20) meets the tank bottom (24), niches that are difficult to access from the outside and are therefore at risk of corrosion are avoided.

Description

The invention relates to a freight container of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1.

In a freight container known from German Offenlegungsschrift No. 28 28 349, the tank is in the area of its two front ends via four saddle pieces each with a front frame connected, each saddle piece formed as a shell element formed from a sheet metal blank is that with one edge on a reinforcement ring surrounding the tank and with opposite edges is welded to the transverse and longitudinal struts of the end frame in question.

The shell saddles used in the known freight container basically have the advantage that they introduce the forces occurring on the tank directly into the corners of the front frame, where the to

Engagement of lifting or locking elements provided corner fittings are, at the same time larger Avoid voltage peaks on the tank itself. Compared to older designs where cylindrical Tanks are completely surrounded by a box-like frame, brings the well-known freight container structure, in which this frame is only on the two - possibly with one another via a floor pan connected parts is reduced to a considerable extent Saving in material and weight.

Those made of double-T, U or hat profile material Reinforcement rings, to which the saddle pieces are welded, are extremely rigid. They therefore do not follow certain out-of-roundness of the tank jacket, v / ie they are caused by heating during welding, in particular when welding the reinforcement rings to the tank. aside from that the reinforcement rings must have a certain minimum inner diameter so that they are in the finished state with the saddle pieces that have already been welded on and can be pushed over the tank. In addition, the weld seam between the bottom of the tank, which normally retains its nominal diameter and constricts the tank jacket as a result of heating. However, it is precisely in the area of this seam that the reinforcement ring is attached to which the saddle pieces are attached are. In practice, all of these circumstances lead to considerable welding gaps and, as a result, to the need to liner the tank jacket in the area of the reinforcement rings, which is a very time-consuming means additional work step.

Since the reinforcement rings in the belt area must not exceed the standardized container width, their own height leads to a limitation of the tank diameter. For thin-walled tanks, the reinforcement rings need to be vacuum-resistant and dent-proof, this must be accepted. In the case of large-volume and high-pressure-resistant tanks whose wall thickness is sufficiently large to meet the required On the other hand, being able to withstand overpressure without additional measures is that caused by the rings Volume reduction undesirable.

A freight container of the type mentioned at the beginning is from German patent specification No. 26 46 263 known. This freight container has an end ring that attaches to the outermost circumference of the tank bottom. With this structure, the end face must be proportionate have great axial length, up to the frontal frame to range. Since this head ring cannot be too massive for weight reasons, its strength is insufficient because of the considerable axial length. Therefore, a further stiffening is in the form of several radial ones Supports are provided to hold the tank in the desired position relative to the end frame. These Supports attach even further inside the tank shell and in turn lead to considerable stress peaks εη their connection points with the tank jacket. In addition, the supports run radially outside of the Tank jacket and therefore, in turn, limit the part of the available cross-section that the tank can use as a usable area can claim.

The same difficulties exist with one Tank container according to the French patent application, publication number 21 57 710, in which an end ring attaches via intermediate rings to the outermost circumference of the tank and, in turn, continues with it outside saddle pieces with the forehead frame connected is. so that a substantial part of the cross-section given by the end frame is not can be used for the tank cross-section connected to avoid voltage peaks.

The invention is based on the object of providing a freight container of the type indicated at the beginning create, which retains the basic advantages of an only frontal connection with front frame, at the same time, however, with the largest possible jacket diameter, a problem-free and less labor-intensive one Production and an even more secure connection between the tank and the front frame

The solution to this problem according to the invention is specified in the characterizing part of claim 1. The then provided saddle structure works with an end ring which is welded to the portion of the curved bottom of the tank, which is also in mechanical or thermal stresses of the tank shape largely retains Fe, it is this part of the tank bottom very close rnn Siirnrahrnen so that the the rings forming the saddle structure have only a small axial length and thus high strength. The ring shape of the saddle structure elements not only contributes to the strength of the connection between the tank and the front frame, but also means that the forces are evenly absorbed by the tank over its entire circumference without stress peaks that could cause fatigue. The saddle ring, which is connected to the front ring and protruding to the outside, allows in the rain! a direct introduction of the forces into the particularly rigid corner supports and through them into the corners of the end frames. The combined use of a front ring welded to the tank and a saddle ring attached to the front frame also makes it possible to compensate for unavoidable length tolerances in the last step of assembly, so that the standardized lengths between the corner fittings λ of the two front frames on the finished container can be adhered to with great accuracy.

From the German Offenlegungsschrift No. 23 25 058 it is zv / ar known to have a tank on the bottom of the tank welded end ring as well as one with this connected bellows to connect with the front parts of a frame. The construction described there relates however, focuses on heated tanks and deals in particular with the compensation of the thermally different Behavior between frame and tank. Since the known saddle structures are unsuitable, one also occurs when it occurs mechanical impacts, especially in the axial direction, sufficiently rigid, but fatigue-proof connection To create between tank and frame, it is necessary there that the frame as a whole Tank formed box-like surrounding frame and the tank is mounted on a central saddle in this frame and is fixed. The power transmission from the tank to the frame corners, where the forces from the base or can be taken up by lifting or lashing elements, takes place in the known construction over considerable distances and is therefore extremely unfavorable from a static point of view.

Other significant disadvantages of this known construction are that the saddle structures are welded to the strongly curved rim zone of the tank bottoms, which is subject to fluctuating loads Perform shape changes. These "breathing" movements lead to undesirable stressors Welds. The saddle structures also come into play

the tank bottom with the formation of a very sharp gap, which are not accessible to cleaning, so that uncontrolled foci of corrosion can form there.

The development of the invention according to claims 2.5 to 7 and 10 has the advantage that a high Rigidity of the connection between the tank and the front frame is achieved, at the same time the middle area of the Front frame remains free, so that the curved tank bottoms protrude into this free space and thus the entire tank can be of maximum length within the confines of the frame. In the design according to patent claim 3, a direct introduction of forces from the tank via the saddle structures in reached those points that according to the relevant international standard as support points - in addition to the corners of the frame - come into question.

The embodiment according to claim 7 has besides a direct introduction of the forces into the container corner the advantage that support elements are created for stacking containers that are not correctly exposed.

The development of the invention according to claim 4 is particularly advantageous when the saddle ring Saddle structure are screwed to the diagonal struts of the front frame, because the screws are then in the open U-profiles are accessible from the outside.

The embodiment of the invention according to claim 8 is preferred when the end ring has a sufficient has great wall thickness, while otherwise the design according to claim 9 is advantageous the two weld seams to be provided on the tank bottom have a greater distance from one another. In In both cases, care is taken to avoid gussets that are difficult to access and therefore prone to corrosion will.

in the development of the invention according to claim 11 it is possible to have both the Tanik welded on Front rings as well as the front frames with welded saddle rings to be prefabricated separately and then these three main components of the freight container while strictly adhering to the length tolerances to be connected to each other with additional fitting rings with high strength. This design is suitable especially if according to claim 12 a Isolation between the tank and the forehead frame is desired. To increase the rigidity of the in this In the case of a connection produced by screw connections, the development of the invention according to claim is used 13th

The advantage of the further development according to the invention according to claim 14 is that the assembly of the freight container is particularly easy by inserting the tank with its welded-on end rings into the two tubs formed by the U-profile part rings inserted the front frame and then preferably according to claim 16 at an upper point is anchored. The end ring can have an outwardly protruding ring for engagement with the partial Ili profile ring Flange or be provided according to claim 15 with a profile ring.

The type of connection according to the invention between the tank and the front frame is not only in the case of circular-cylindrical ones Tanks applicable, but according to claim 18 also for tanks with a different cross-section

Preferred embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings. In the drawings shows

F i g. 1 is a side view of a freight container;

F i g. 2 an end view of the container according to FIG. 1:

F i g. 3 is an end view of another embodiment of a freight container;

F i g. 4 is an enlarged illustration of the upper right corner of the FIG. 1 shown container;
F i g. 5 and 6 of FIG. 4 similar representations of other embodiments;

F i g. 7 shows a further variant, shown on the basis of a lower left corner area of a freight container according to FIG. 1; and

F i g. 8 is an end view of a freight container of FIG F i g. 7 shown variant.

The freight container shown in Fig. 1 comprises a cylindrical, namely circular in cross-section or also non-circular tank 10, which generally has one at each of its two end faces saddle structure designated by 11 is connected to an end frame 12. The two front frames can as in Fig. i shown to one another via a floor pan 13 be connected, for example, similar to that shown in German Offenlegungsschrift No. 28 28 349, from a middle keel spar and four the two ends of this keel spar, each with the two lower ones Corners of the front frame 12 connecting diagonal bars is constructed. In another version, the two end frames 12 also via two each of the lower corners or via four each connecting all four corners Longitudinal struts and / or connected to one another by friction strips guided along the side of the tank 10 be. With sufficient inherent stability of the tank 10, it is in principle also possible, apart from the saddle structures 11 manage without additional connecting elements between the end frames 12.

According to FIG. 2, each end frame 12 consists of two vertical corner supports 14 and an upper cross member 15 and a lower transverse spar 16. At the corners of the end frame formed by the supports and spars 14 to 15 A corner fitting 17 conforming to the standard is provided in each case. The distances between the corner fittings 17 in terms of width, height and length of the container correspond to the internationally standardized Dimensions. Starting from the centers of the two corner supports 14, diagonal struts 18 extend on the lower cross member 16 (and symmetrically to this on the upper cross member 15) at points 19 which also end are approved as additional support points in accordance with the applicable international standard. The diagonal struts 18 consist of U-profile rails and, as in FIG. 5 indicated on the corner supports 14 and cross members 15 of the front frame 12 so attached, that they point with their profile opening to the outside. The saddle structure 11 is on the diagonal struts 18 welded to an outwardly facing flange surface.

The in F i g. 3 front frame 12 shown is composed essentially of the same components as the according to FIG. 2, but adapted to a four-sided, partially cylindrical tank cross-sectional shape. It is assumed that that the tank jacket is made up of four cylindrical shells, which are partially circular in cross section better utilization of the area of the four corner fittings 17 Allow defined container cross-section. The saddle structure 11 ', which corresponds to the cross-sectional shape of the tank 10' follows, is connected in their corner areas with diagonal struts 18 ', which further out to the corners of the end frame 12 and thus a still direct transfer of forces from the tank 10 'to the corner fittings 17 guarantee.

In the one shown in FIG. 4 shown embodiment

summarizes the saddle structure 11 a front ring 20, a saddle ring 21 and a support ring 22, In Fig.4 is also shown that the tank 10 is constructed from a tank jacket 23 and a tank bottom 24 welded to it is, which is curved in its main part with a relatively large radius, at the transition to Tankmar, i ^ l 23, on the other hand, has a strongly curved rim zone 25 has.

The end ring 20 is on the main part of the tank bottom surrounded by the rim zone 25 by its outer one Welded seam connected. If the end ring 20 has sufficient wall thickness, it is then proportionate because of the large distance to this outer weld seam possible, another weld seam on the inside of the end ring 20 to be attached to its additional connection to the tank bottom 24. This inner The weld does not need to be continuous. In particular, it can be absent in the upper Rprpirh, because no liquid can collect there anyway. In any case, the inner seam can be carried out without any problems, because the end ring 20 attaches to the relatively slightly curved main part of the tank bottom 24 and therefore with this one correspondingly large wave! forms.

However, as shown in FIG. 4 dargestell t, the support ring 22 can be provided instead of the inner weld seam, the with its flange running in the axial direction of the tank jacket 23 on the end ring 20 and with its radially inwardly facing flange on the tank bottom 24 is welded to a S. all from the outer The weld seam between the end ring 20 and the tank bottom 24 definitely has a sufficient distance. The same The effect can also be achieved with the reverse configuration of the support ring 22 ', as shown in FIG. 5 illustrates is. In any case, in the inner angle between the end ring 20 and the tank bottom 24, an outwardly closed angle is made corrosion-proof chamber formed.

As in Fig. 4 indicated by dashed lines, a face ring 20 can also be used instead of the inner support ring 22 surrounding support ring 22 ″ be provided with its radially inwardly facing flange on the end ring 20 and with its axially extending flange on the one between the tank jacket 23 and the rim zone 25 lying cylindrical rim 24.4 of the tank bottom 24 is welded. In this case, the support ring 22 " Be of such a nature and dimensions that it can take part in the "breathing" movements of the rim zone 25.

As further shown in FIG. 4, the saddle ring 21 has a flange protruding radially outward which he on the flanks of the corner supports 14 and the diagonal struts 18 of the end frame 12, possibly is also welded to the cross members 15 and 16, as well as a flange running in the axial direction, with which it rests on the end ring 20 and is welded can also rest on the diagonal struts 18, it is important that the surfaces facing the saddle ring 21 these parts 14,18 lie in one plane.

The already stiff ring shape of the face, saddle and support rings that form the saddle structure, as well as the small distance between the main part of the Tankboder.s 24 and the end frame 12 ensure high Rigidity of the connection between tank 10 and front frame 12. For further reinforcement of the saddle structure the end ring 20 can also be designed as a ring with an angled profile, by about its outer The end has an inwardly protruding flange. Likewise, the saddle ring 21 and also the support ring 22 in the Have cross-section U-shaped profile.

In the variant shown in Figure 5, the Flanks of the end frame 12 and its diagonal struts 18 welded saddle ring 21 'with a after provided on the outside with an open U-shaped profile. The radial flange 26 of this saddle ring facing the tank 10 21 'is connected to the adjacent radial flange 27 of a fitting ring 28, which in the axial direction extending flange 29 is attached to the end ring 20 '.

Between the two flanges 26 and 27 and between the middle web 30 and the one opposite it An insulating layer 31, which consists of one or more layers, is introduced into each part of the end ring 20 ' and can be elastic or inelastic. This embodiment is particularly suitable for heated Tanks.

The connection via the insulating layer 31 between the flanges 26 and 27 of the two rings 21 'and 28 as well between the saddle ring 21 'and the end ring 20' takes place in this case by screws. To do the To increase the rigidity of the entire saddle structure 11 ', the support ring 22' according to FIG. 5 with such a axial length provided that it supports the end ring 20 'in that area in which the saddle ring 21' on Front ring 20 'engages.

If insulation is not important, then the one shown in FIG. 5 shown embodiment also without the insulating layer 31 can be used. In this case it is also possible, instead of the screw connections, to use the various To weld rings together. In any case, the saddle ring 21 'instead of the one shown in FIG The screw connection shown is connected to the diagonal struts 18 of the end frame 12 by welding be.

According to FIG. 6, which shows an axial section through a corner fitting 17, the end ring 20 can also Via diagonally extending profile elements 36 with the four corner fittings 17 of the relevant front frame 12 be connected. These profile elements 36, which, for. B. can have a U-profile open towards the front frame 12, cause a direct transmission of forces from the tank 10 to the corner fittings 17 and form at the same time Support elements for incorrectly placed stacking containers.

To assemble the freight container, the end ring 20 or 20 'is first welded to the tank bottom 24 If a support ring 22 or 22 'is provided, this is now pushed into the end ring 20 or 20' and welded to the tank bottom 24 and to the end ring 20 or 20 '. The necessary round seams can be carried out and controlled very economically on automatic welding machines. The finished ones Bottoms are now welded to the prefabricated tank jacket 23. The previously attached ones are used Front and back-up rings as an assembly aid. The saddle ring 21 or the fitting ring 28 and - if necessary with the insertion of the insulating layer 31 - the saddle ring 21 'pushed on, and the unit thus formed is inserted between the end frames 12. 21 'with the flanks of the end frames 12 and / or their diagonal struts 18 by welding or screws connected, and finally the saddle ring 21 or the fitting ring 28 is welded to the end ring 20 or 20 ' Before attaching this last, the final connection between the tank 10 and the end frame 12 producing Welded seam, tank 10 and end frame 12 are aligned with one another in such a way that the

The specified length tolerances of the entire container are observed and tensions are avoided at the same time will.

In the case of the in FIG. The embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8 is the saddle ring attached to the front frame 12 21 "as a half ring with a Η-profile or at least with a U-profile that is open to the inside and at the top executed. The .Saddle ring 21 "thus forms a trough-shaped element into which the end ring 20 with a welded profile ring 32 engages. Instead of the in FIG. 7 profile ring 32 shown, it is also possible to the To provide the end ring 20 "with an outwardly protruding flange which engages in the profile of the saddle ring 21". As in Fig. 7 shown, between the profile ring 32 and the trough formed by the saddle ring 21 ″ an elastic or inelastic insulating layer 33 consisting of one or more layers is arranged which is particularly useful for heated tanks.

As in the right part of FIG. 8 shown, the Haibe Saddle ring 21 ″ fastened to or in flanks and diagonal struts 18 of the end frame 12 in a manner similar to that in FIG be. According to the in the left part of FIG. 8, however, it is also possible to use two separate Provide saddle ring parts, which each extend only over an angle of about 60 °, at their outer end directly on the relevant corner support 14 of the end frame 12 and with its lower end each over a short vertical support 34 can be welded to the relevant point 19 of the lower cross member 16. In this In this case, the saddle ring parts can take over the static function of the diagonal struts 18.

In the upper area is the profile ring 32 (or the instead provided flange of the end ring 20 ") by one shown in FIG. 8 indicated anchoring opposite the front frame 12 in the axial and in the radial direction

tüng liXiört. οΐαΐΐ cincT 5GiCu € u τ crsriiCCruüg ΐΞΐ CS aUCu possible, after inserting the tank 10 with the profile ring 32 in the half saddle ring 21 ", to place another half saddle ring on the part of the profile ring 32 exposed at the top and screw it to the front frame 12. As Another alternative can be the fixing of the tank 10 with respect to the half saddle ring 21 ″ by means of tensioning straps and / or anchor bolts.

As already mentioned above, it is advisable to make the end ring 20 or 20 'or 20 "as large as possible, so that the distance to the container corners over which the forces must be transmitted from the tank 10, becomes as small as possible. On the other hand, the diameter of the end ring 20 or 20 'or 20 "is thereby a limit set that the end ring 20 or 20 'or 20 "is welded within the rim zone 25. Here, a optionally provided at the lowest point of the tank bottom 24 outlet valve 35 via a provided there Flattening or recess of the end ring 20 or 20 'or 20 "be accessible.

The in the F i g. 2 and 3 shown diagonal struts or 18 'are advantageous because they are the center of the Leave the front frame 12 free, into which the tank bottom with its middle part that jumps out furthest outward! can protrude. This version therefore allows optimal use of space in the longitudinal direction of the container. Another possibility, not shown in the drawings, is two intersecting and to provide diagonally opposite corner fittings 17 connecting struts, which have the advantage that they have the over the saddle structure 11 or 11 ' Introduce forces transmitted by the tank 10 directly into the corner fittings 17. Another execution that Combining the advantages of both solutions to a certain extent, four comprises the respective corner areas of the end frame 12 essentially closing triangular ones flush with the inner surfaces of the end frame 12 Surface elements that are only provided with recesses directly around the corner fittings 17 are. The free diagonal edge of these surface elements can be used for stiffening in the diagonal section U-shaped be folded outwards.

For this purpose 2 sheets of drawings

Claims (18)

Patent claims: 1. Freight container with a cylindrical tank (10), each of which has the frontal gable bottom (24) an ICremp zone (25) that is more curved in relation to the overall curvature of the tank bottom (24) place on the tank jacket (23), two rectangular end frames (12) with corner fittings that determine the outer container dimensions (17), as well as each having a front ring (20) having saddle structures (11) that connects the tank (10) with the two front frames (12) in the area of its front ends connect, characterized that the end ring (20) is welded to the part of the tank bottom (24) surrounded by the rim zone (25) is and that each battel structure (11) also has one in cross section angled satte ring (21) enihäii, which with its flange running in the axial direction of the tank (10) with the end ring (20) and with its radially outwardly extending flange is connected to the front frame (12). 2. Freight container according to claim 1, characterized in that that the saddle ring (21) on the corners of the front frame (12) bridging diagonal struts (18) is attached 3. Freight container according to claim 2, characterized in that the diagonal struts (18) each have the center of a vertical Ec ^ support (14) of the end frame (12) with an inner support point (19) of the lower cross member (16) ver! "^; nd. 4. Freight container according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the diagonal struts (18) than U-profile rails open to the outside in the axial direction are trained. 5. Freight container according to claim 1, characterized in that the saddle ring (21) at the corners the front frame (12) filling surface elements is attached. 6. Freight container according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the saddle ring (21) is attached to the corner supports (14) of the end frame (12). 7. Freight container according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the end ring (20) Via diagonally extending elements (36) directly with the corner fittings (17) of the relevant Front frame (1?) Is connected. 8. Freight container according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the end ring (20) is welded with its radially outer and inner edges to the tank bottom (24). 9. Freight container according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that within the End ring (20) an angled support ring (22) is provided with a first flange on the tank bottom (24) and is welded to the end ring (20) with a second flange. 10. Freight container according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that outside the end ring (20) an angled support ring (22 ") is provided, which with a first flange on the cylindrical rim (24A) adjoining the tank jacket (23) of the tank bottom (24) and is welded to the end ring (20) with a second flange. 11. Freight container according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the saddle ring (2Γ) is designed as a radially outwardly open U-profile ring is and on its the tank (10) facing radial flange (26) with the parallel thereto Flange (27) of an angled in cross-section fitting ring (28) is connected, the axially extending Flange (2S) is connected to the face ring (20 ') 12. Freight container according to claim 11, characterized in that between the facing parallel flanges (26, 27) of the saddle and the fitting ring (21 ', 28) and between the axially extending web (30) of the saddle ring (21 ') and the end ring (20') each have an insulating layer (31) inserted is, and that the connection between these rings (20 ', 21', 28) is made detachable 13. Freight container according to claim 12, characterized characterized in that a support ring (22 ') with its second flange on one of the saddle ring (21') opposite Place of the end ring (20 ') is welded to this 14. Freight container according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the saddle ring (21 ") as a U-profile partial ring that is open radially inward formed and attached to the lower half of the end frame (12), and that the end ring (20 ") engages with a radially outwardly projecting profile part in this saddle part-ring (21 "). 15. Freight container according to claim 14, characterized in that the profile part is on the end ring (20 ") is welded profile ring (32). 16. Freight container according to claim 15, characterized in that the upper half of the profile ring (32) is anchored at an upper point on the front frame (12) or opposite the saddle part-ring (21 "). 17. Freight container according to one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that between the Profile part and the saddle part (21 ") an insulating layer (33) is arranged 18. Freight container according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that in one of several partial cylinder shells formed tank (10 ') of the end ring (20) is shaped so that it is one of the The rim zone (25) of the tank bottom (24) follows the circumferential line surrounding it, and that the saddle ring (21) and the support and fitting rings (22, 28) which may be present are adapted to the shape of the end ring (20) are.