DE2213813A1 - Flour confectionery oven control - using capacitance sensing for speed, position, or cycle time regulation - Google Patents
Flour confectionery oven control - using capacitance sensing for speed, position, or cycle time regulationInfo
- Publication number
- DE2213813A1 DE2213813A1 DE19722213813 DE2213813A DE2213813A1 DE 2213813 A1 DE2213813 A1 DE 2213813A1 DE 19722213813 DE19722213813 DE 19722213813 DE 2213813 A DE2213813 A DE 2213813A DE 2213813 A1 DE2213813 A1 DE 2213813A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21C—MACHINES OR EQUIPMENT FOR MAKING OR PROCESSING DOUGHS; HANDLING BAKED ARTICLES MADE FROM DOUGH
- A21C15/00—Apparatus for handling baked articles
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Control Of Conveyors (AREA)
- Manufacturing And Processing Devices For Dough (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Elektrische Schaltungseinrichtung in einer Anordnung zum flegeln einer Gebäckverarbeitungsmaschine abhängig von der Lage von Gebäckstücken Die Erfindung betrifft eine elektrische Schaltungseinrichtung in einer Anordnung zum Regeln einer Gebäckverarbeitungsmaschine abhängig von der Lage von Gebäckstücken.Electrical circuit device in an arrangement for plowing one Pastry processing machine depending on the position of pastry pieces The invention relates to an electrical circuit device in an arrangement for regulating a Pastry processing machine depending on the position of the pastry.
In der Backwarenindustrie tritt häufig das Problem zuf, daß eine Vielzahl gleicher Artikel in regelmäßiger Reihenanordnung auf einem Förderband Verarbeitungsprozesse durchläuft, die eine bestimmte Posttionierung der Gebaclstücke gegenüber der Verarbeitungsvorrichtung bedingen, z.B. Füllen von Keksen rit Marmelade und anschließendes Überziehen mit Schokolade. Sollen die Prozesse kontinuierlich und autosuatisch ablaufen, müssen die Maschinen synchron mit dc Prozess arbeiten. Eine mechanische Kopplung der einzelnen Maschinen ist wegen des unvermeidlichen Schlupfes der Transportbänder sinnlos. Daher muß die Lage der Ware auf dem Transportband durch Abtasten ermittelt werden, und mit Hilfe des Abtastsignales miissen die Verarbeitungsmaschinen in die richtige Position gefahren werden. Dabei müssen zwei Iticlltungen unterschieden werden: die Bandtransportrichtung und die Querrichtung dazu. Wegen des kontinuierlichen Warenflusses müssen die Arbeitsvorgänge in Transportrichtung periodisch verlaufen. Dazu ist eine Gleichlaufregelung des Maschinen-Antriebes notwendig. In der Querrichtung reicht eine einfache Nachlaufregelung aus.In the baked goods industry, the problem often arises that a large number same article in regular rows on a conveyor belt runs through which a certain Posttionierung the Gebaclstücke with respect to the processing device condition e.g. filling biscuits with jam and then covering with chocolate. If the processes are to run continuously and autosuatically, the machines must work synchronously with dc process. A mechanical coupling of the individual machines is pointless because of the inevitable slippage of the conveyor belts. Therefore the Location of the goods on the conveyor belt can be determined by scanning, and with the help of the scanning signal, the processing machines must be moved into the correct position will. A distinction must be made between two things: the direction of tape transport and the transverse direction to it. Because of the continuous flow of goods, the work processes run periodically in the transport direction. A synchronization control of the Machine drive necessary. A simple follow-up control is sufficient in the transverse direction the end.
Das besondere Problem in der Backwarenindustrie ist dabei die Abtastung, da die einzelnen Warenstücke im Backvorgang nicht genau gleiche Konturen und Abmessungen erhalten.The particular problem in the bakery industry is the scanning, because the individual pieces of goods in the baking process do not have exactly the same contours and dimensions obtain.
Es ist bekannt, die Ware mit Fotozellen abzutasten und das Signal einem Regeler zuzuführen, der den Antrieb steuert. Bei z.B. ovalen Artikeln kann aber eine geringe seitliche Verschiebung bereits große Längsverschiebungen vortäuschen. Große Schwierigkeiten entstehen bei der Abtastung von stark strukturierten Artikeln. Außerdem kann die Fotozelle leicht verschmutwen.It is known to scan the goods with photocells and the signal to feed a controller that drives the drive controls. For e.g. oval Articles can, however, have a slight lateral displacement and large longitudinal displacements to pretend. Great difficulties arise when scanning highly structured Articles. In addition, the photocell can easily get dirty.
Die Nachteile der punktförmigen Abtastung bestehen auch bei den bekannten pneumatischen Abtastern. Weiterhin sind kapazitive-Taster bekannt. -Da die Backwaren diese Feuchtigkeit enthalten, bewirken sie/zwischen zwei Kondensatorplatten eine Kapazitätsänderung, die zur Messung ausgenutzt werden kann. Der kapazitive Fühler tastet über eine bestimmte Fläche ab und vermeidet daher die Fehler der Konturen-Abtastung. Um jedoch ein ausreichendes Signal zu erzeugen, muß sich der Fühler dicht über der Ware-befinden. Dadurch besteht die Gefahr, daß sich Ware unter dem Fühler verklemmt und damit eine Produktionsstörun& verursacht wird. Alle genannten Verfahren sind empfindlich gegenüber Abstandsveränderungen, es wird dadurch eine Verschiebung vorgetäuscht oder die Regelung setzt ganz aus.The disadvantages of punctiform scanning also exist with the known ones pneumatic scanners. Capacitive buttons are also known. -There are the baked goods contain this moisture, they / between two capacitor plates cause a Change in capacitance that can be used for measurement. The capacitive sensor scans over a certain area and therefore avoids the errors of contour scanning. However, in order to generate a sufficient signal, the sensor must be close to the Goods are located. As a result, there is a risk of goods jamming under the sensor and thus a production malfunction is caused. All of the above procedures are sensitive to changes in distance, this causes a shift feigned or the regulation is completely suspended.
Die Erfindung stellt sich daher die Aufgabe, die aufgezeigten Nachteile zu vermeiden und eine zuverlässige und genaue Abtastung zu erreichen.The invention therefore sets itself the task of addressing the disadvantages indicated to avoid and achieve reliable and accurate scanning.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daßein kapazitiver Fühler mit zwei gleichen Fühlerflächen, die in Meßrichtung hintereinander angeordnet sind, verwendet wird und daß die Fühler mit der gemeinsamen Gegenelektrode in einer Wechselstrom-Brückenschaltung gegeneinander geschaltet sind und die verstärkte und gleichgerichtete Brückenspannung einem geeigneten Regler zugeführt wird, der den Antrieb steuert. Dabei wird nur die Ausgangsspannung im Nulldurchgang oder dessen Nähe für die Regelung herangezogen. Mit Hilfe eines Filters kann die Fühlerunsymmetrie ausgeschaltet werden, so daß eine hohe Empfindlichkeit möglich ist.This object is achieved according to the invention in that a more capacitive Sensor with two identical sensor surfaces, which are arranged one behind the other in the measuring direction are used and that the sensors are in one with the common counter electrode AC bridge circuit are connected against each other and the amplified and rectified bridge voltage is fed to a suitable regulator, which the Drive controls. Only the output voltage in the zero crossing or its Proximity used for the scheme. With the help of a filter, the sensor asymmetry can be turned off so that high sensitivity is possible.
Vorteilhafterweise erstrecken sich die Fühlerflächen quer zur Abtastrichtung über mehr als ein Objekt, ggf.The sensor surfaces advantageously extend transversely to the scanning direction over more than one object, possibly
über eine ganze Gebäckreihe oder über so viele Glieder der Gebäckreihe, daß von der Lage dieser Glieder ein ausreichend genauer Rückschluß auf die Lage der ganzen Reihe gezogen werden kann.over a whole row of baked goods or over as many links in the baked goods row, that from the position of these members a sufficiently accurate conclusion about the position the whole row can be drawn.
Zweckmäßigerweise wird die Ausgleichsspannung einem analogen Rechner mit Sollwert Null zugeführt. Stattdessen kann auch ein 3-Punkt-Regler mit vorzugsweise zum Nullpunkt symmetrischen Schaltpunkten verwendet werden. Schließlich besteht auch die Möglichkeit, die Ausgleiahssp'annung einer Impulsformerstufe zuzuführen, die im Nulldurchgang der Spannung einen Impuls abgibt, wabei die Impulse einem Abtastgleichlaufregler zugeführt werden, der den Antrieb steuert.The equalizing voltage is expediently supplied to an analog computer supplied with setpoint zero. Instead, a 3-point controller can also be used, preferably Switching points symmetrical to the zero point can be used. Finally there is also the possibility of feeding the equalization voltage to a pulse shaper stage, the emits a pulse at the zero crossing of the voltage, whereby the pulses are sent to a scanning synchronization controller which controls the drive.
Die Vorteile der Erfindung sind: Unempfindlichkeit gegeruber Abstandsänderungen und gegeEnüer Unregelmäßigkeiten der konturen, Unem-pfindlichkeit gegen Verschmutzung. Außerdem ist es möglich, auch sehr flache oder sehr unregelmäßige Ware abzutasten.The advantages of the invention are: Insensitivity to changes in distance and against irregularities in the contours, insensitivity to dirt. It is also possible to scan very flat or very irregular goods.
Die erfindung wird im folgenden näher unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung erläuterter die ein vorteilhaftes Ausführungsbeispiel veranschaulicht. Darin zeigen: Fig. 1 eine Draufsicht auf die Fühleranordnung Fig. 2 ein Blockschaltbild der Regelanordnung und Fig. 3 den Signalverlauf.The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing explained which illustrates an advantageous embodiment. Show in it: 1 shows a plan view of the sensor arrangement. FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of the control arrangement and FIG. 3 shows the signal curve.
Fig. i zeigt eine erfindungsgemäße Fühleranordnung von oben gesehen. Mit den beiden Fühierflächen 1, 2 wird die Ware 12, die sich auf dem Transportband i3 in der angedeuteten Richtung bewegt, abgetastet. Die Gegenelektrode wird durch das metallene; Transportband 13 gebildet. Die Fühlerflächen 1t, 2' stellen einen weiteren Fühler dar, dessen Meßrichtung quer zur Transportrichtung liegt. Die Fühlerflächen überstreichen zwei Objekte gleichzeitig; Der Fühlerabstand ist kleiner als die Länge und der Abstand der abzutastenden Objekte.Fig. I shows a sensor arrangement according to the invention seen from above. With the two Fühierflächen 1, 2, the goods 12, which are on the conveyor belt i3 moved in the indicated direction, scanned. The counter electrode is through the metallic; Conveyor belt 13 is formed. The sensor surfaces 1t, 2 'represent a another sensor, whose measuring direction is transverse to the transport direction lies. The sensor surfaces sweep over two objects at the same time; The sensor distance is smaller than the length and the distance of the objects to be scanned.
In Fig. 2 ist eine erfindungsgemäße Schaltung für eine Gleichlaufsteuerung dargestellt. Die Brückenschaltung wird aus den beiden Fühlerkondensatoren 1, 2 und den beiden Widerständen 3, 4 gebildet. Die Brückenspeisinig erfolgt über die Wechselstromquelle 5. Die Brückenspannung wird über den Differenzverstärker 6 verstärkt und im Gleichrichter 7, vorzuasweise einem Phasengleichrichter, gleichgerichtet-. Die gleichgerichtete Spannung wird über eine Impulsfonerstufe 8 dem Regler 9 zugeführt, der den Antrieb ii steuert. 10 ist der Sollwerteingang des Reglers. Fig. 3 zeigt den Signal verlauf hinterem Gleichrichter 7 (Kurve l4) und der Impulsformerstufe 8 (Kurve 17), wenn die Ware relativ zum Fühler bewegt wird. Befinden sich die Fühlerflächen i, 2 symmetrisch über der Ware (Fig. i), so ist die Brücke abgeglichen und die Ausgangsspannung hinter dem Gleichrichter ist Null (Kurve 14, Punkt 15). DasgleicIle gilt, wenn sich die Fühlerflächen symmetrisch zwischen der Ware befinden (Kurve 14, Punkt 16). Dazwischen ist die Spannung am Gleichrichter 7 positiv oder negativ, je nachdem ob die Fühlerfläche 1 oder 2 sich über der Ware befindet. Die beiden Null-Durchgänge der Spannung unterscheiden sich jedoch in der Richtung der SpamlunOsänderung. Die Schaltung 8, vorzugsweise eine Triggerschaltung mit ilysterese, liefert immer dann Impulse 17, wenn die Spannung 14 einen negativen Nulldurchgang hat.In Fig. 2 is a circuit according to the invention for a synchronization control shown. The bridge circuit is made up of the two sensor capacitors 1, 2 and the two resistors 3, 4 formed. The bridge feed takes place via the alternating current source 5. The bridge voltage is amplified via the differential amplifier 6 and in the rectifier 7, vorzuasweise a phase rectifier, rectified-. The rectified Voltage is fed to the controller 9 via a pulse monitor stage 8, which controls the drive ii controls. 10 is the setpoint input of the controller. Fig. 3 shows the signal course rear rectifier 7 (curve l4) and the pulse shaper stage 8 (curve 17), if the goods are moved relative to the feeler. If the sensor surfaces i, 2 are symmetrical above the goods (Fig. i), the bridge is balanced and the output voltage is behind the rectifier is zero (curve 14, point 15). The same applies if the Sensor surfaces are located symmetrically between the goods (curve 14, point 16). Between the voltage at the rectifier 7 is positive or negative, depending on whether the sensor surface 1 or 2 above the Goods are located. The two zero crossings however, the voltage differ in the direction of the change in spam flow. the Circuit 8, preferably a trigger circuit with ilysteresis, always delivers Pulses 17 when voltage 14 has a negative zero crossing.
Damit wird am Ausgang von 8 immer genau dann ein Impuls geliefert, wenn sich die Symmetrielinien von Fühler und Ware decken. Es ist offensichtlich1 daß die Brvickenschaltung dann immer abgeglichen ist, gleichgültig wie groß der Abstand zur Ware ist. Dadurch dass die ganze Fläche der Ware zum Ausgangssignal beiträgt, werden Konturen-Unregeimässigkeiten gemittelt. Überstreichen die Fühlerflächen mehrere Objekte, wird sogar die zufällige Verschiebung eines Teiles mit den anderen gemittelt und damit die Regelabweichung reduziert.This means that a pulse is always delivered at the output of 8 exactly when when the lines of symmetry of the feeler and the goods coincide. It is obvious 1 that the bridge circuit is always balanced, no matter how big it is Distance to the goods. This means that the entire surface of the goods becomes the output signal contributes, contour irregularities are averaged. Paint over the sensor surfaces multiple objects, even the random displacement of one part with the other averaged and thus the system deviation is reduced.
Die Impulse der Impulsformerstufe 8 werden einem Abtastgleichlaufregler 9 zugeführt und'mit den Sollwertimpulsen am Eingang lO verglichen. Dadurch wird der Antrieb 11 in bekannter Weise schneller oder langsamer geregelt, bis Übereinstimmung zwischen den beiden Impulsen herrscht, d.h. Maschine und Ware synchron laufen.The pulses of the pulse shaper stage 8 are fed to a scanning synchronization controller 9 supplied and compared with the setpoint pulses at input 10. This will the drive 11 is regulated faster or slower in a known manner until agreement between the two impulses, i.e. machine and goods run synchronously.
Eine ganz ähnliche Anordnung dient der Nachlaufregelung. Dazu werden die Fühler 1t, 2t in Fig. 1 benutzt.A very similar arrangement is used for the follow-up control. To be the sensors 1t, 2t in Fig. 1 are used.
Sie erzeugen in der Schaltung Fig. 2-hinter dem Gleichrichter 7 das Signal Null, wenn ihre Symmetrielinie mit der Symmetrielinie der Ware ü-:ereinstimmt. Dies ist offenbar unabhängig davon, ob sich die Ware in der angedeuteten Richtung bewegt oder nicht. Die gleichgerichtete Spannung am Ausgang von 7 wird nun direkt einem Proportionalregler 9 zugeführt, der den Antrieb 11 steuert, der mit den Fühler 10, 2t gekoppelt ist. Wcic.en die Symmetrielinien des Fühlers und der Ware voneinander ab, -so wird die Brücke verstimmt und am Gleichrichter 7 erscheint ein Ausgangssignal, das den Antrieb über den Regler 9 drehen lässt, bis das Ausgangssignal Null ist und die Symmetrielinien zur Deckung kommen. Voralssetzung ist dabei, dass der Sollwert am Regler 9 als Null eingegeben wird. Bei einer seitlichen VerschiunO des Transportbandes folgt die Maschine auf Grund aes bcschriebenen Mechanismus der Ware.You generate in the circuit Fig. 2-behind the rectifier 7 that Signal zero if its line of symmetry agrees with the line of symmetry of the goods. This is apparently regardless of whether the goods are in the indicated Moving direction or not. The rectified voltage at the output of 7 becomes now fed directly to a proportional controller 9, which controls the drive 11, the is coupled to the sensor 10, 2t. Wcic.en the lines of symmetry of the feeler and the goods from each other, -so the bridge is detuned and appears on the rectifier 7 an output signal that allows the drive to rotate via controller 9 until the output signal Is zero and the lines of symmetry are congruent. The prerequisite is that the setpoint on controller 9 is entered as zero. With a sideways movement The machine follows the conveyor belt on the basis of the mechanism described Were.
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE19722213813 DE2213813C3 (en) | 1972-03-22 | Device for the automatic control of further processing of baked goods |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE19722213813 DE2213813C3 (en) | 1972-03-22 | Device for the automatic control of further processing of baked goods |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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DE2213813A1 true DE2213813A1 (en) | 1973-10-04 |
DE2213813B2 DE2213813B2 (en) | 1976-06-16 |
DE2213813C3 DE2213813C3 (en) | 1977-01-27 |
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US4594941A (en) * | 1984-05-21 | 1986-06-17 | Anderson Edward M | Food cooking machine with control mechanism |
WO2002047018A2 (en) * | 2000-12-05 | 2002-06-13 | Validity, Inc. | Swiped aperture capacitive fingerprint sensing systems and methods |
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US7460697B2 (en) | 2005-07-19 | 2008-12-02 | Validity Sensors, Inc. | Electronic fingerprint sensor with differential noise cancellation |
US7463756B2 (en) | 2004-04-16 | 2008-12-09 | Validity Sensors, Inc. | Finger position sensing methods and apparatus |
US7751601B2 (en) | 2004-10-04 | 2010-07-06 | Validity Sensors, Inc. | Fingerprint sensing assemblies and methods of making |
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