DE202021004143U1 - Wedge-shaped, multi-layer intermediate layer with acoustically dampening properties - Google Patents

Abstract

Wedge-shaped multilayer intermediate layer (1) for a composite pane, at least comprising
- a first thermoplastic layer (2) having a length, a width and a total thickness, at least comprising a first protective layer (3) having an inside (3a), an outside (3b) and a first thickness, having a second protective layer (4). an inside (4a), an outside (4b) and a second thickness, and an acoustically dampening layer (5) arranged between the inside (3a) of the first protective layer (3) and the inside (4a) of the second protective layer (4). a third thickness, the thicknesses of the first protective layer (3), the second protective layer (4), the acoustically damping layer (5) and the total thickness of the first thermoplastic layer (2) being substantially constant over the length and the width, respectively; and
- a second thermoplastic layer (6) having an inside (6a) and an outside (6b) arranged with the inside (6a) directly or indirectly adjacent to the outside (3b) of the first protective layer (3) and having a wedge-shaped cross-section having a thicker first end and a thinner second end; the first protective layer (3) on its outside (3b), the second protective layer (4) on its outside (4b) or the second thermoplastic layer (6) on its inside (6a) or on its outside (6b) in at least one Area has a printed opaque layer (10).

Description

The invention relates to a wedge-shaped, multi-layer intermediate layer with acoustically damping properties and a composite pane having such an intermediate layer.

Laminated glass panes are used in many places today, particularly in vehicle construction. The term vehicle includes, among other things, road vehicles, aircraft, ships, agricultural machines or also work equipment.

Laminated glass panes are also used in other areas. These include, for example, building glazing or information displays, e.g. in museums or as advertising displays.

A laminated glass pane generally has two panes laminated to an intermediate layer. The disks themselves can have a curvature and are usually of constant thickness. The intermediate layer typically comprises a thermoplastic material, preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB), of a predetermined thickness, e.g., 0.76mm.

Since the laminated glass panes are often tilted in relation to an observer, double images occur. These double images are caused by the fact that the incident light does not usually pass completely through both panes, but at least part of the light is reflected and only then passes through the second pane. These double images are particularly noticeable in the dark, especially when there are strong light sources such as the headlights of an oncoming vehicle. These double visions are extremely annoying and a safety issue.

Laminated glass panes are also often used as a head-up display (HUD) to display information. An image is projected onto the laminated glass panes by means of a projection device in order to display information in the viewer's field of vision. In the vehicle area, the projection device is arranged on the dashboard, for example, so that the projected image is reflected in the direction of the viewer on the closest glass surface of the laminated glass pane inclined towards the viewer (cf. e.g. the European patent EP 0 420 228 B1 or the German Offenlegungsschrift DE 10 2012 211 729 A1 ). Here again, part of the light enters the laminated glass panes and is now reflected, for example, at the outer boundary layer of the glass surface that is further to the outside as seen by the observer, and then exits the laminated glass pane in a shifted manner. A similar effect, the ghosting effect, also occurs here in relation to the image to be displayed.

A purely classical compensation of ghost images results in overcompensation for double images in transmission being observed. This leads to the respective viewer being irritated or, in the worst case, receiving incorrect information. So far, attempts have been made to solve this problem by arranging the surfaces of the discs at a fixed angle rather than parallel. This is achieved, for example, in that the intermediate layer is wedge-shaped with a continuously linear and/or non-linear increasing and/or decreasing thickness. In vehicle construction, the thickness is typically varied in such a way that the smallest thickness is provided at the lower end of the laminated glass pane towards the engine compartment, while the thickness increases towards the roof.

Laminated glass panes of this type with a wedge-shaped interlayer and the optical laws on which they are based are known per se and are described, for example, in international patent applications WO 2015/086234 A1 and WO 2015/086233 A1 or the German Offenlegungsschriften DE 196 11 483 A1 and DE 195 35 053 A1 described.

In modern means of transport such as trains or motor vehicles, acoustic comfort is becoming increasingly important. In order to improve the acoustically damping properties of a laminated pane, a multilayer intermediate layer comprising an acoustically dampening layer arranged between two protective layers is usually laminated in between the two panes of the laminated pane.

the WO 2018/081570 A1 , the US2016/0341960 A1 , the EP 2 017 237 A1 and the WO 2020/007610 A1 disclose wedge-shaped multilayer intermediate layers comprising a constant-thickness layer and a layer having a wedge-shaped cross-section, the constant-thickness layer comprising an acoustically damping layer sandwiched between two protective layers.

From the WO 2014/174308 A1 a laminated pane is known which has a blackout strip in the form of a cover print. The obscuration band extends around the perimeter (i.e., circumferentially outer edge region) of the disc and is made of an opaque ceramic ink applied to the disc. The masking print covers in particular the top view of any adhesive bead or sections of a frame, such as the body of a vehicle, when the laminated pane is arranged in a vehicle or in building glazing net is. Furthermore, the cover print covers or conceals uncoated sections or uncoated edge areas, in particular of the sun protection coating. The ceramic ink is burned onto the surface at higher temperatures (usually at 450°C to 700°C, for example when bending the glass pane) and forms a glass-like coating (or enamel). However, this form of applying the masking print to a glass pane is difficult or impossible in the case of surface-coated glasses. In addition to adhesion problems in the laminated pane, unwanted discolouration or defects in the cover print or in the coatings can occur. Furthermore, there is an increased effort and thus increased costs in the production of the laminated pane.

Firing the ceramic ink at higher temperatures (usually at 450°C to 700°C, for example when bending the glass pane) can lead to optical distortions in peripheral areas and in the area of sensor windows.

the U.S. 2017/297310 A1 discloses a laminated pane comprising two glass panes, two interlayers and a polyethylene terephthalate film, the two interlayers being located between the glass panes, the polyethylene terephthalate film being located between the two interlayers and the polyethylene terephthalate film having an opaque print.

The object of the present invention is to provide a wedge-shaped, multilayer intermediate layer with acoustically damping properties and an opaque layer.

The object of the present invention is achieved according to the invention by a wedge-shaped multilayer intermediate layer according to claim 1. Preferred embodiments emerge from the dependent claims.

The wedge-shaped intermediate multilayer layer of the invention comprises at least a first thermoplastic layer having a length, a width and an overall thickness and a second thermoplastic layer.

The first thermoplastic layer includes a first protective layer having an inside, an outside, and a first thickness, a second protective layer having an inside, an outside, and a second thickness, and an acoustically dampening layer disposed between the inside of the first protective layer and the inside of the second protective layer Layer having a third thickness, wherein the thicknesses of the first protective layer, the second protective layer, the acoustically dampening layer and the total thickness of the first thermoplastic layer are each substantially constant over the length and the width. The first thermoplastic layer can also be a straightened layer of substantially constant thickness.

The second thermoplastic layer has an inside and an outside and has a wedge-shaped cross-section with a thicker first end and a thinner second end.

The second thermoplastic layer is arranged with the inside directly or indirectly adjacent to the outside of the first protective layer.

The second thermoplastic layer can be a wedge-shaped extruded thermoplastic intermediate layer or a wedge-shaped stretched thermoplastic intermediate layer.

According to the invention, the first protective layer has a printed opaque layer on its outside, the second protective layer on its outside, or the second thermoplastic layer on its inside or on its outside in at least one area. The printed opaque layer can also be referred to as an opaque print. Such opaque layers are well known to those skilled in the art, e.g US9623634 B2 , WO2018/122770 A1 , WO2019/038043 A1 , EP 1 322 482 B2 , US2014212639 A1 . The opaque layer differs from a conventional cover print, which is printed on a surface of the glass panes (e.g. by screen printing) and burned in at high temperatures in a process step.

"Inside of the first protective layer" refers to the side of the first protective layer that is arranged immediately adjacent to the acoustically dampening layer, and "outside of the first protective layer" refers to the side of the first protective layer that is opposite the inside.

"Inside of the second protective layer" refers to the side of the second protective layer that is arranged immediately adjacent to the acoustically dampening layer, and "outside of the second protective layer" refers to the side of the second protective layer that is opposite the inside.

"Inside of the second thermoplastic layer" is the side of the second thermo means the plastic layer which is directly or indirectly adjacent to the outside of the first protective layer and "outside of the second thermoplastic layer" means the side of the second thermoplastic layer which is opposite to the inside. An "indirect" abutment means that another layer is arranged between the inside of the second thermoplastic layer and the outside of the first protective layer.

In a preferred embodiment, the inside of the second thermoplastic layer is directly or indirectly adjacent to the outside of the first protective layer, and the first protective layer has the printed opaque layer on its outside or the second thermoplastic layer has the printed opaque layer on its inside in at least one area. Because the opaque layer is arranged in such embodiments inside the wedge-shaped multilayer intermediate layer, it has no influence on the adhesion and/or adhesive properties of the outer surfaces, i.e. the outside of the second protective layer or the outside of the second thermoplastic layer, the wedge-shaped multi-layer intermediate layer.

The opaque layer is essentially completely opaque to visible light. The opaque layer preferably has a transmission T<0.2 and in particular T<0.1.

The opaque layer is preferably black, but can also have any other color.

The opaque layer preferably contains colored pigments or dyes, particularly preferably inorganic or organic colored pigments or dyes, in particular selected from the group consisting of carbon black (called industrial black or carbon black), iron oxide pigments and mixed-phase oxide pigments. The mixed phase oxide pigments include, for example, titanate pigments and spinel pigments. The color pigments or dyes are advantageously applied to the thermoplastic intermediate layer in a water-based or solvent-based composition and are preferably dried. The color pigments or dyes can be applied to the thermoplastic intermediate layer by means of spraying processes, screen printing, inkjet processes or other suitable printing processes. In particular, the composition with which the opaque layer is printed does not contain glass-forming oxides or glass frits or other components which result in a glass-like layer after drying and after laminating the wedge-shaped multilayer intermediate layer between a first disk and a second disk.

In particular, the opaque layer is not glass-like and does not contain or is not enamel.

In one embodiment, the imprinted opaque layer is arranged in an edge region surrounding the wedge-shaped, multilayer intermediate layer. The width of the edge area is preferably 20 mm to 150 mm. It is also possible that individual sections of the peripheral edge area are wider than other sections. For example, the printed opaque layer can be arranged in a 20 mm wide edge area on the side edges and on the top edge and the printed opaque layer can be arranged in a 100 mm wide edge area on the lower edge.

In a further embodiment, the wedge-shaped, multi-layered intermediate layer has at least one sensor window for an optical sensor, and the printed opaque layer is arranged in an area surrounding the sensor window.

The printed opaque layer can also be arranged both in an edge area surrounding the wedge-shaped multilayer intermediate layer and in an area surrounding the sensor window.

The opaque layer is preferably printed on a maximum of 30%, particularly preferably on a maximum of 10%, very particularly preferably on a maximum of 5% of the area of the wedge-shaped multilayer intermediate layer.

In a preferred embodiment, the wedge-shaped, multi-layer intermediate layer, in particular that layer on which the opaque layer is printed, has a surface roughness Rz of at most 50 μm (micrometers), preferably at most 20 μm, particularly preferably 10 μm. The surfaces of the wedge-shaped multilayer intermediate layer on which the opaque layer is printed are preferably not embossed. Such smooth film surfaces can be printed particularly precisely and with sharp edges. Rz is defined here as the mean surface roughness, i.e. the sum of the height of the largest profile peak and the depth of the largest profile valley within a single measurement section Ir.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the opaque layer has a thickness of 5 μm (microns) to 40 μm, preferably 5 μm to 20 μm. Opaque layers with such thicknesses are easy to produce, have sufficient covering power and wedge-shaped multilayer intermediate layers according to the invention with such opa No layers can be laminated into a laminated pane without additional compensation layers or compensation films.

The opaque layer can also be printed on multiple surfaces of the wedge-shaped multilayer interlayer.

If the opaque layer is printed on several surfaces, then preferably in staggered sections. This has the advantage that the overall thickness of the wedge-shaped, multi-layer intermediate layer with an opaque layer remains smaller and is easier to laminate in between two panes.

A substantially constant thickness of a layer is to be understood in the present application as meaning that the thickness of the layer is constant over the length and width within normal manufacturing tolerances. This preferably means that the thickness varies by no more than 7%, preferably by no more than 5%, particularly preferably by no more than 3%.

In one embodiment of the wedge-shaped multilayer intermediate layer according to the invention, the wedge angle of the second layer is 0.1 mrad to 1.0 mrad, preferably 0.3 mrad to 0.7 mrad.

In particular, the thicker first end of the wedge-shaped multilayer intermediate layer according to the invention can have a thickness of 2 mm or less. The thinner second end of the wedge-shaped multi-layer intermediate layer according to the invention can in particular have a thickness of 0.30 mm or more, preferably 0.40 mm or more.

The acoustically damping layer preferably has a thickness of 0.05 mm to 0.20 mm and the first protective layer and the second protective layer each preferably have a thickness of 0.10 mm to 0.40 mm, the total thickness of the first thermoplastic Layer is preferably between 0.3 mm and 0.90 mm, for example 0.5 mm.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the first protective layer and the second protective layer have the same thickness. Alternatively, the thickness of the first protective layer and the second protective layer can differ from one another.

The acoustically dampening layer has greater plasticity or elasticity than the protective layers surrounding it. The first thermoplastic thus has a soft core, with the rigidity of the layer structure increasing from the core of the acoustically dampening layer towards the outer surfaces of the first protective layer and the second protective layer.

The acoustically damping layer with higher elasticity is primarily responsible for the acoustic damping, while the first protective layer and the second protective layer of lower elasticity contribute significantly to the stabilization of the first thermoplastic layer.

The overall thickness of the first thermoplastic layer can be, in particular, 0.5 mm. In one embodiment, the thickness of the acoustically damping layer can be 0.10 mm and the thickness of the first protective layer and the second protective layer can each be 0.20 mm.

In one embodiment, the individual layers of the wedge-shaped multilayer intermediate layer according to the invention, i.e. the first protective layer, the second protective layer, the acoustically damping layer and the second thermoplastic intermediate layer, independently of one another contain at least polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyurethane (PU), acrylates or mixtures or copolymers or derivatives thereof, preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB), particularly preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and plasticizers. The individual layers of the wedge-shaped multilayer intermediate layer according to the invention are therefore thermoplastic layers.

In a preferred embodiment, the first protective layer, the acoustically dampening layer and the second protective layer contain polyvinyl butyral and plasticizers. The selection of the plasticizer and the degree of acetalization of the polyvinyl butyral make it possible to influence the elasticity of the polymeric layers in a manner known to those skilled in the art.

The first protective layer, the second protective layer, the acoustically dampening layer and/or the second thermoplastic intermediate layer can, independently of one another, be clear and colorless, but also tinted, opaque or colored.

The layers can be tinted or colored over their entire surface. Alternatively, the layers can also have a color gradient or a colored pattern. For laminated panes that are intended as windshields, the coloring or tinting is designed in such a way that the laminated pane has a light transmission of more than 70% in the spectral range from 380 nm to 780 nm. For composite panes that are intended as roof panes or rear side windows, the coloring or tinting can also be darker and the composite panes thus have a light transmission of 70% or less in the spectral range from 380 nm to 780 nm. It goes without saying that in embodiments of a windshield, the transmission outside the field of vision, in particular in the area adjoining the edge of the roof, can also be less than 70%.

In the embodiments in which the second thermoplastic layer, which has a wedge-shaped cross-section as described above, is a colored layer, preferably also the light transmission through the second thermoplastic layer is over the entire width and the entire height, i.e. over its entire area , constant. Constant light transmission despite a wedge-shaped cross-section can be achieved by increasing the dye concentration in the second thermoplastic layer from the thicker end of the second thermoplastic layer to the thinner end thereof.

In one embodiment of the invention, the wedge-shaped multilayer intermediate layer additionally comprises at least one functional intermediate layer. This is arranged in particular between the first protective layer and the second thermoplastic layer. In this case, the outside of the first protective layer does not directly adjoin the inside of the second thermoplastic protective layer, but indirectly because of the at least one functional intermediate layer.

The at least one functional intermediate layer can in particular be an infrared radiation (IR)-reflecting layer, an ultraviolet radiation (UV)-reflecting layer, a tinted or colored layer, a barrier layer or a combination of these. If several functional intermediate layers are present, they can also have different functions.

In one embodiment, the first protective layer, the second protective layer or the second thermoplastic layer is designed as a multilayer film composite, at least comprising a first film with a thickness of at most 50 μm and a second film with a thickness of more than 50 μm, the first film has the printed opaque layer. The first film and the second film can be arranged in the film composite in such a way that the opaque layer is arranged between the first film and the second film or alternatively in such a way that the opaque layer is printed on that surface of the first film that is in the film composite is not located adjacent to the second film. The surface roughness of the first film is preferably at most 10 μm.

In one embodiment, the first thermoplastic layer and the second thermoplastic layer are each made by extrusion processes.

Thermoplastic films produced by extrusion processes are typically characterized by undesirable, production-related waviness. This manifests itself in the form of changes in thickness (elongated elevations and depressions) perpendicular to the direction of extrusion.

The superimposition of the production-related waviness of two thermoplastic films can lead to a disadvantageous impairment of the optical properties of a laminated glass in which these thermoplastic films are laminated between a first pane and a second pane. This effect is particularly pronounced when the production-related ripples of the individual thermoplastic films overlap unfavorably. For example, if the head is tilted from one side to the other or from top to bottom in the case of windshields in motor vehicles, objects can appear distorted when viewed through a locally different optical refractive power.

In one embodiment, the first thermoplastic layer of the wedge-shaped multilayer intermediate layer according to the invention is produced by an extrusion process in which plasticized material is conveyed in the form of a film from an extruder device. In this case, the first thermoplastic layer has a certain waviness or unevenness of the surface due to production. At least the outside of the first protective layer of the first thermoplastic layer, in particular both the outside of the first protective layer and the outside of the second protective layer of the first thermoplastic layer, has a plurality of elongated elevations (wave crests) and elongated depressions (wave troughs), which extend along a extend in the first (foil) direction and are arranged alternately in a second (foil) direction perpendicular to the first (foil) direction. The inside of the first protective layer, the inside of the second protective layer and the surfaces of the acoustically damping layer can also have oblong elevations and oblong depressions in a correspondingly wavy manner. The first direction corresponds to the direction of extrusion of the first thermoplastic layer. The elongate peaks and elongate valleys of the first thermoplastic layer are typically parallel to one another and arranged in an alternating sequence. The elongated elevations and elongated depressions are typical generally arranged at substantially equal distances from each other.

In one embodiment, the second thermoplastic layer of the wedge-shaped, multilayer intermediate layer according to the invention is produced by an extrusion process in which plasticized material in the form of a film is conveyed from an extruder device. In this case, the second thermoplastic layer has a certain waviness or unevenness of the surface due to production. At least the inside, in particular both the inside and the outside, of the second thermoplastic layer has a plurality of elongated elevations (wave crests) and elongated depressions (wave troughs) that extend along a third (foil) direction and in one to the third (Foil) direction vertical fourth (foil) direction are arranged alternately. The third direction corresponds to the direction of extrusion of the second thermoplastic layer. The elongate peaks and elongate valleys of the second thermoplastic layer are typically parallel to one another and arranged in an alternating sequence. The elongate peaks and elongate valleys are typically spaced substantially equally from one another.

In the context of the invention, the elongated elevations (wave crests) and depressions (wave troughs) describe the production-related, actually undesirable surface waviness. Typically, the distance between adjacent elevations or the distance between adjacent depressions is greater than or equal to 50 mm. This is to be distinguished from a desired surface roughness, which is often deliberately embossed in the form of elongated elevations and depressions in the film surface in order to promote ventilation when laminating a laminated pane, with the distance between adjacent elevations or depressions typically being less than 1 mm.

This is also to be distinguished from a foil with thinner areas, which are deliberately brought about by the introduction of indentations with a width typically between 0.5 mm and 20 mm on both sides of the foil at intervals independent of the width of the indentation in order to vent to favor when laminating the composite pane, as in the DE 195 19 541 A1 disclosed.

In the embodiments in which the first thermoplastic layer and the second thermoplastic layer are each produced in an extrusion process and thus have elevations and depressions as described above, the first thermoplastic layer and the second thermoplastic layer are preferably arranged in the wedge-shaped multilayer intermediate layer in such a way that the elongate projections of the first thermoplastic layer are arranged at an angle of 45° to 90° to the elongate projections of the second thermoplastic layer.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the first thermoplastic layer and the second thermoplastic layer are arranged in the wedge-shaped multilayer intermediate layer in such a way that the elongated elevations of the first thermoplastic layer are at an angle of 60° to 90°, in particular at an angle of 75° to 90° to the elongate elevations of the second thermoplastic layer.

Particularly preferred is an embodiment of the invention in which in the wedge-shaped multilayer intermediate layer the first thermoplastic layer and the second thermoplastic layer are arranged in such a way that the elongate elevations of the first thermoplastic layer are at an angle of 90° to the elongate elevations of the second thermoplastic layer are arranged.

1. (a) Bereitstellen einer ersten thermoplastischen Schicht, mindestens umfassend eine erste Schutzschicht aufweisend eine Innenseite, eine Außenseite und eine erste Dicke, eine zweite Schutzschicht aufweisend eine Innenseite, eine Außenseite und eine zweite Dicke und eine zwischen der ersten Schutzschicht und der zweiten Schutzschicht angeordnete akustisch dämpfende Schicht aufweisend eine dritte Dicke, wobei die Dicken der ersten Schutzschicht, der zweiten Schutzschicht, der akustisch dämpfenden Schicht und die Gesamtdicke der ersten thermoplastischen Schicht jeweils über die Länge und die Breite im Wesentlichen konstant sind;
2. (b) Bereitstellen einer zweiten thermoplastischen Schicht aufweisend eine Innenseite und eine Außenseite, wobei die zweite thermoplastische Schicht einen keilförmigen Querschnitt mit einem dickeren ersten Ende und einem dünneren zweiten Ende aufweist;
3. (c) Aufbringen eines opaken Aufdrucks auf die erste Schutzschicht in mindestens einem Bereich an ihrer Außenseite, auf die zweite Schutzschicht in mindestens einem Bereich an ihrer Außenseite oder auf die zweite thermoplastische Schicht in mindestens einem Bereich an ihrer Innenseite oder an ihrer Außenseite;
4. (d) Anordnen der ersten thermoplastischen Schicht und der zweiten thermoplastischen Schicht flächig übereinander, derart, dass die zweite thermoplastische Schicht mit der Innenseite direkt oder indirekt an die Außenseite der ersten Schutzschicht angrenzt.

A wedge-shaped multilayer intermediate layer according to the invention can be produced by means of a method comprising at least the following steps:

1. (a) providing a first thermoplastic layer at least comprising a first protective layer having an inside, an outside, and a first thickness, a second protective layer having an inside, an outside, and a second thickness, and an acoustically disposed between the first protective layer and the second protective layer A damping layer having a third thickness, wherein the thicknesses of the first protective layer, the second protective layer, the acoustically damping layer and the total thickness of the first thermoplastic layer are each substantially constant over the length and the width;
2. (b) providing a second thermoplastic layer having an inside and an outside, the second thermoplastic layer having a wedge-shaped cross-section with a thicker first end and a thinner second end;
3. (c) applying an opaque print to the first protective layer in at least one area on its outside, on the second protective layer in at least one area on its outside, or on the second thermoplastic layer in at least one area on its inside or on its outside;
4. (d) arranging the first thermoplastic layer and the second thermoplastic layer flat on top of one another in such a way that the inside of the second thermoplastic layer is directly or indirectly adjacent to the outside of the first protective layer.

The first thermoplastic layer and the second thermoplastic layer can each be produced in an extrusion process.

It goes without saying that steps (a) and (b) can also be carried out in reverse order.

In a preferred embodiment of the method, in the step of printing the opaque layer, the method comprises at least applying a water-based or solvent-based color pigments or dyes-containing composition to the layer to be printed in at least one area and drying the applied composition. Spraying processes, screen printing processes, inkjet processes or other suitable printing processes are particularly suitable for applying the composition.

1. (a) Extrusion einer ersten thermoplastischen Schicht, mindestens umfassend eine erste Schutzschicht aufweisend eine Innenseite, eine Außenseite und eine erste Dicke, eine zweite Schutzschicht aufweisend eine Innenseite, eine Außenseite und eine zweite Dicke und eine zwischen der ersten Schutzschicht und der zweiten Schutzschicht angeordnete akustisch dämpfende Schicht aufweisend eine dritte Dicke, wobei die Dicken der ersten Schutzschicht, der zweiten Schutzschicht, der akustisch dämpfenden Schicht und die Gesamtdicke der ersten thermoplastischen Schicht jeweils über die Länge und die Breite im Wesentlichen konstant sind und mindestens die Außenseite der ersten Schutzschicht der ersten thermoplastischen Schicht eine Mehrzahl länglicher Erhebungen und länglicher Einsenkungen aufweist, die sich entlang einer ersten Richtung erstrecken und in einer zur ersten Richtung senkrechten zweiten Richtung alternierend angeordnet sind;
2. (b) Extrusion einer zweiten thermoplastischen Schicht aufweisend eine Innenseite und eine Außenseite, wobei die zweite thermoplastische Schicht einen keilförmigen Querschnitt mit einem dickeren ersten Ende und einem dünneren zweiten Ende aufweist und mindestens die Innenseite der zweiten thermoplastischen Schicht eine Mehrzahl länglicher Erhebungen und länglicher Einsenkungen aufweist, die sich entlang einer dritten Richtung erstrecken und in einer zur dritten Richtung senkrechten vierten Richtung alternierend angeordnet sind;
3. (c) Aufbringen eines opaken Aufdrucks auf die erste Schutzschicht in mindestens einem Bereich an ihrer Außenseite, auf die zweite Schutzschicht in mindestens einem Bereich an ihrer Außenseite oder auf die zweite thermoplastische Schicht in mindestens einem Bereich an ihrer Innenseite oder an ihrer Außenseite;
4. (d) Anordnen der ersten thermoplastischen Schicht und der zweiten thermoplastischen Schicht flächig übereinander derart, dass die zweite thermoplastische Schicht mit der Innenseite direkt oder indirekt an die Außenseite der ersten Schutzschicht angrenzt und die länglichen Erhebungen der ersten thermoplastischen Schicht in einem Winkel von 45° bis 90° zu den länglichen Erhebungen der zweiten thermoplastischen Schicht angeordnet sind.

In one embodiment of the method, the method comprises at least the following steps:

1. (a) Extrusion of a first thermoplastic layer at least comprising a first protective layer having an inside, an outside and a first thickness, a second protective layer having an inside, an outside and a second thickness and an acoustic layer arranged between the first protective layer and the second protective layer Dampening layer having a third thickness, wherein the thicknesses of the first protective layer, the second protective layer, the acoustically dampening layer and the total thickness of the first thermoplastic layer are each substantially constant over the length and the width and at least the outside of the first protective layer of the first thermoplastic layer has a plurality of elongate crests and elongate valleys extending along a first direction and alternating in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction;
2. (b) Extruding a second thermoplastic layer having an inside and an outside, the second thermoplastic layer having a wedge-shaped cross-section with a thicker first end and a thinner second end, and at least the inside of the second thermoplastic layer having a plurality of elongated peaks and elongated valleys extending along a third direction and arranged alternately in a fourth direction perpendicular to the third direction;
3. (c) applying an opaque print to the first protective layer in at least one area on its outside, on the second protective layer in at least one area on its outside, or on the second thermoplastic layer in at least one area on its inside or on its outside;
4. (d) arranging the first thermoplastic layer and the second thermoplastic layer flat on top of each other in such a way that the inside of the second thermoplastic layer is directly or indirectly adjacent to the outside of the first protective layer and the elongated elevations of the first thermoplastic layer are at an angle of 45° to 90 ° to the elongated elevations of the second thermoplastic layer are arranged.

In this embodiment too, steps (a) and (b) can also be carried out in reverse order.

In an advantageous embodiment, in step (d) the first thermoplastic layer and the second thermoplastic layer are arranged flat on top of each other in such a way that the inside of the second thermoplastic layer is directly or indirectly adjacent to the outside of the first protective layer and the elongated elevations of the first thermoplastic layer are arranged at an angle of 60° to 90°, preferably 75° to 90°, very particularly preferably 90°, to the elongate elevations of the second thermoplastic layer.

The method may additionally comprise the steps of providing at least one functional intermediate layer and arranging it between the first thermoplastic layer and the second thermoplastic layer. The at least one functional intermediate layer can be an IR-reflecting layer, a UV-reflecting layer, a tinted or colored layer, a barrier layer or a combination of these. If several functional intermediate layers are present, they can also have different functions.

As a further step, the method can comprise the joining of the stack sequence formed in step (d) by arranging the first thermoplastic layer and the second thermoplastic layer to form a precomposite. Joining the first thermoplastic layer and the second thermoplastic layer to form a pre-composite can be done, for example, by gluing the edges of the two layers using alcohol, in particular isopropanol, or by heat, in particular by selective heating using a soldering iron.

The invention also relates to a composite pane, at least comprising a first pane, a second pane and a wedge-shaped multilayer intermediate layer according to the invention arranged between the first pane and the second pane.

The usual masking print is usually burned into a pane during the bending process, which can lead to optical distortions in peripheral areas and in the area of sensor windows. In addition, the baking of a standard masking print on coated panes can be problematic. An opaque layer printed on one of the layers of the wedge-shaped, multi-layer intermediate layer with acoustically damping properties offers the advantage over a covering print applied to the outer pane or the inner pane that the appearance of the composite pane is improved in the edge areas and in the area of sensor windows and the printing of a coated pane can be avoided.

The first pane and the second pane are preferably made of glass, particularly preferably of soda-lime glass, as is customary for window panes. However, the panes can also be made from other types of glass, for example quartz glass, borosilicate glass or aluminosilicate glass, or from rigid clear plastics, for example polycarbonate or polymethyl methacrylate.

The first pane and/or the second pane can have anti-reflection coatings, non-stick coatings, anti-scratch coatings, photocatalytic coatings, electrically heatable coatings, sun protection coatings and/or low-E coatings.

The thickness of the first pane and the second pane can vary widely and can thus be adapted to the requirements in the individual case. The first pane and the second pane preferably have thicknesses of 0.5 mm to 5 mm, particularly preferably 1 mm to 3 mm. For example, the pane that represents the outer pane in the composite pane is 2.1 mm thick and the pane that represents the inner pane in the composite pane is 1.6 mm thick. However, the outer pane or in particular the inner pane can also be thin glass with a thickness of, for example, 0.55 mm.

The first disk and the second disk preferably have no wedge angle. However, it is also possible for the first disk and/or the second disk to have a wedge-shaped cross section.

The height of the first pane and the second pane, i.e. in the case of a windscreen the distance between the roof edge of the composite pane and the motor edge of the composite pane, is preferably between 0.8 m and 1.40 m, particularly preferably between 0.9 m and 1. 25 m. It goes without saying that the height of the wedge-shaped multilayer intermediate layer is preferably between 0.8 m and 1.40 m, particularly preferably between 0.9 m and 1.25 m.

The composite pane according to the invention can be a vehicle pane. A vehicle window is provided for separating a vehicle interior from an external environment. A vehicle pane is therefore a window pane which is inserted into a window opening of the vehicle body or is intended for this purpose. A laminated pane according to the invention is in particular a windshield of a motor vehicle.

In one embodiment, the first pane is the outer pane and the second pane is the inner pane of a composite pane. However, it is also possible for the first pane to be the inner pane and the second pane to be the outer pane.

In the case of a vehicle pane, the inner pane designates that pane which is intended to face the interior of the vehicle in the installed position. The outer pane designates that pane which is intended to face the outer surroundings of the vehicle in the installed position.

The first pane and the second pane, independently of one another, can be clear and colorless, but they can also be tinted, opaque, or tinted. In a preferred embodiment, the total transmission through the laminated pane is greater than 70%, particularly if the laminated pane is a windshield. The term total transmission refers to the procedure specified by ECE-R 43, Appendix 3, Section 9.1 for testing the light transmittance of motor vehicle windows. The first pane and the second pane may be non-tempered, tempered or toughened glass.

The laminated pane according to the invention is preferably bent in one or more directions of space, as is usual for motor vehicle panes, with typical radii of curvature in range from about 10 cm to about 40 m. However, the laminated glass can also be flat, for example if it is intended as a pane for buses, trains or tractors.

The laminated pane according to the invention can be used, for example, as a head-up display (HUD) for displaying information.

The above-described preferred configurations of the wedge-shaped multilayer intermediate layer according to the invention also apply correspondingly to the laminated pane according to the invention.

A composite pane can be produced by a method in which a first pane, a wedge-shaped multi-layer intermediate layer according to the invention and a second pane are provided, then a stack sequence of the first pane, the wedge-shaped multi-layer intermediate layer and the second pane is formed and in a last step the Stacking sequence is connected by lamination.

The stacking sequence can be laminated using common lamination processes. For example, so-called autoclave processes can be carried out at an increased pressure of about 10 bar to 15 bar and temperatures of 130° C. to 145° C. for about 2 hours. Alternatively, autoclave-free processes are also possible. Known vacuum bag or vacuum ring methods work, for example, at about 200 mbar and 80°C to 110°C. The first pane, the wedge-shaped multilayer intermediate layer and the second pane can also be pressed in a calender between at least one pair of rollers to form a composite pane. Plants of this type are known for the production of discs and normally have at least one heating tunnel in front of a pressing plant. The temperature during the pressing process is, for example, from 40°C to 150°C. Combinations of calender and autoclave processes have proven particularly useful in practice. Alternatively, vacuum laminators can be used. These consist of one or more chambers that can be heated and evacuated, in which the first pane and the second pane are laminated within about 60 minutes, for example, at reduced pressures of 0.01 mbar to 800 mbar and temperatures of 80 °C to 170 °C.

The wedge-shaped multi-layer intermediate layer can be placed between the first pane and the second pane as a pre-composite of the first thermoplastic layer and the second thermoplastic layer, and then the first pane can be connected to the second pane via the wedge-shaped multi-layer intermediate layer during the lamination process (so-called offline Procedure).

However, it is also possible that the first thermoplastic layer and the second thermoplastic layer are placed individually or as a stack between the first pane and the second pane and then during the lamination process the first pane, the second thermoplastic layer, the first thermoplastic layer and the second pane can be connected to each other (so-called online procedure).

If the composite pane is to be curved, the first pane and the second pane are preferably subjected to a bending process before lamination. The first pane and the second pane are preferably bent congruently together (i.e. at the same time and using the same tool), because the shape of the panes is then optimally matched to one another for the lamination that takes place later. Typical temperatures for glass bending processes are 500°C to 700°C, for example.

The invention also relates to a projection arrangement for a head-up display (HUD) at least comprising a composite pane according to the invention and a projector. As is usual with HUDs, the projector illuminates an area of the windshield where the radiation is reflected towards the viewer (driver), creating a virtual image that the viewer sees behind the windshield as seen from behind. The area of the windshield that can be irradiated by the projector is referred to as the HUD area. The beam direction of the projector can typically be varied by means of mirrors, in particular vertically, in order to adapt the projection to the viewer's height. The area in which the viewer's eyes must be located for a given mirror position is referred to as the eyebox window. This eyebox window can be moved vertically by adjusting the mirrors, with the entire area that is accessible as a result (ie the superimposition of all possible eyebox windows) being referred to as the eyebox. A viewer located within the eyebox can perceive the virtual image. Of course, this means that the viewer's eyes must be inside the eyebox, not the entire body.

The technical terms used here from the field of HUDs are generally known to the person skilled in the art. For a detailed description, refer to the dissertation "Simulation-based measurement technology for testing head-up displays" by Alexander Neumann at the Institute for Computer Science at the Technical University of Munich (Munich: Universitätsbiblio thek der TU München, 2012), in particular to Chapter 2 “The Head-Up Display”.

The preferred configurations of the composite pane according to the invention described above also apply correspondingly to the projection arrangement comprising a composite pane according to the invention and a projector.

A wedge-shaped multilayer interlayer according to the invention can be used in a vehicle pane in means of transportation for traffic on land, air or sea, in particular in motor vehicles and in particular in a windscreen in a motor vehicle.

The laminated pane according to the invention has distinct advantages over a prior art masking print which is applied directly to a glass surface, is baked there at higher temperatures and forms a glass-like coating or enamel.

As described above, this form of applying the masking print to a glass pane is difficult or impossible in the case of surface-coated glasses. In addition to adhesion problems in the laminated pane, unwanted discolouration or defects in the cover print or in the coatings can occur. This is particularly true for a prior art masking print that is applied and baked onto a sunscreen coating, and particularly a silver-based sunscreen coating. In addition, the masking pressure according to the prior art can lead to optical distortions in the edge area or in the area of sensor windows.

All of these disadvantages, which result from a covering print according to the prior art, are successfully solved and avoided by the inventive decoupling of the opaque layer from the first pane and the second pane.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to drawings and exemplary embodiments. The drawings are schematic representations and not to scale. The drawings do not limit the invention in any way.

• 1 eine Querschnittansicht einer Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen keilförmigen mehrlagigen Zwischenschicht,
• 2 eine Querschnittansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen keilförmigen mehrlagigen Zwischenschicht,
• 3 eine Querschnittansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen keilförmigen mehrlagigen Zwischenschicht,
• 4 eine Querschnittansicht einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen keilförmigen mehrlagigen Zwischenschicht,
• 5 eine Draufsicht auf eine Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe,
• 6 eine Querschnittansicht einer Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe entlang der in 5 dargestellten Schnittlinie A-A',
• 7 eine schematische Darstellung einer von einer Rolle teilweise abgewickelten ersten thermoplastischen Schicht
• 8 einen Ausschnitt einer Querschnittansicht der ersten thermoplastischen Schicht gemäß der in 7 dargestellten Schnittlinie,
• 9 eine schematische Darstellung einer von einer Rolle teilweise abgewickelten zweiten thermoplastischen Schicht,
• 10 einen Ausschnitt einer Querschnittansicht der zweiten thermoplastischen Schicht gemäß der in 9 dargestellten Schnittlinie,
• 11 eine Explosionsdarstellung einer Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen keilförmigen mehrlagigen Zwischenschicht,
• 12 eine Explosionsdarstellung einer weiteren Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen keilförmigen mehrlagigen Zwischenschicht,
• 13 eine Draufsicht auf eine weitere Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Verbundscheibe,
• 14 ein Flussdiagramm einer Ausführungsform eines Verfahrens.

Show it:

• 1 a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a wedge-shaped multilayer intermediate layer according to the invention,
• 2 a cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of a wedge-shaped multilayer intermediate layer according to the invention,
• 3 a cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of a wedge-shaped multilayer intermediate layer according to the invention,
• 4 a cross-sectional view of a further embodiment of a wedge-shaped multilayer intermediate layer according to the invention,
• 5 a plan view of an embodiment of a composite pane according to the invention,
• 6 a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a composite pane according to the invention along in 5 illustrated cutting line A-A',
• 7 a schematic representation of a first thermoplastic layer partially unwound from a roll
• 8th a detail of a cross-sectional view of the first thermoplastic layer according to in 7 illustrated cutting line,
• 9 a schematic representation of a second thermoplastic layer partially unwound from a roll,
• 10 a detail of a cross-sectional view of the second thermoplastic layer according to in 9 illustrated cutting line,
• 11 an exploded view of an embodiment of a wedge-shaped multilayer intermediate layer according to the invention,
• 12 an exploded view of a further embodiment of a wedge-shaped multilayer intermediate layer according to the invention,
• 13 a plan view of a further embodiment of a composite pane according to the invention,
• 14 a flow chart of an embodiment of a method.

In 1 the detail of a cross section of an embodiment of a wedge-shaped multilayer intermediate layer 1 according to the invention is shown. The wedge-shaped multilayer intermediate layer 1 comprises a first thermoplastic layer 2 and a second thermoplastic layer 6.

The first thermoplastic layer 2 preferably contains PVB. Alternatively, the first thermoplastic layer 2 can contain another suitable material such as polyamide or polyethylene. The first thermoplastic layer 2 comprises a first protective layer 3 having an inside 3a, an outside 3b and a first thickness, a second protective layer 4 having an inside 4a, an outside 4b and a second thickness and between the inside 3a of the first protective layer 3 and the inside 4a of the second Protective layer 4 arranged acoustically dampening layer 5. The thicknesses of the first protective layer 3, the second protective layer 4, the acoustically dampening layer 5 and the total thickness of the first thermoplastic layer 2 is essentially constant over the length and width. The overall thickness of the first thermoplastic layer 2 is 0.5 mm, for example. in the in 1 In the embodiment shown, the outside 3b of the first protective layer 2 is directly adjacent to the inside 6a of the second thermoplastic layer 6 .

The opaque layer 10 is in the in the 1 shown embodiment in an area on the outside 6b of the second thermoplastic layer 6 printed. The opaque layer 10 is black here, for example, and has a thickness of 12 μm, for example.

The second thermoplastic layer 6 preferably consists of PVB. Alternatively, the second thermoplastic layer 6 can consist of another suitable material such as polyamide or polyethylene. It can be seen that the second thermoplastic layer 6 has a wedge-shaped cross section with a thicker first end and a thinner second end. The thickness at the thinner second end is 0.36 mm, for example, and the thickness at the thicker first end is 0.5 mm, for example.

In 2 the detail of a cross section of a further embodiment of a wedge-shaped multilayer intermediate layer 1 according to the invention is shown. The one in the 2 shown embodiment differs from that in FIG 1 shown embodiment only in that the opaque layer 10 is not printed on the outside 6b of the second thermoplastic layer 6, but is printed on the outside 4b of the second protective layer 4 in an area.

In 3 the detail of a cross section of a further embodiment of a wedge-shaped multilayer intermediate layer 1 according to the invention is shown. The one in the 3 shown embodiment differs from that in FIG 1 shown embodiment only in that the opaque layer 10 is not printed on the outside 6b of the second thermoplastic layer 6, but is printed on the outside 3b of the first protective layer 3 in an area.

In 4 the detail of a cross section of a further embodiment of a wedge-shaped multilayer intermediate layer 1 according to the invention is shown. The one in the 4 shown embodiment differs from that in FIG 1 shown embodiment only in that the opaque layer 10 is not printed on the outside 6b of the second thermoplastic layer 6, but is printed on the outside 3b of the first protective layer 3 of the first thermoplastic layer 2 in an area and that between the outside 3b of the first protective layer 3 a functional layer 7 is arranged between the first thermoplastic layer 2 and the inside 6a of the second thermoplastic layer 6 . In the in the 4 In the embodiment shown, only one functional layer is arranged between the first thermoplastic layer 2 and the second thermoplastic layer 6 . However, it is also possible for the wedge-shaped, multi-layer intermediate layer 1 to have more than one functional layer 7 . The functional layer is a tinted layer, for example.

5 shows an embodiment of a composite pane 13 according to the invention, in particular for use as a windshield of a motor vehicle. As in 5 illustrated, the laminated pane 13 comprises a first pane 14, a second pane 15 and a wedge-shaped multi-layer intermediate layer 1 according to the invention. The laminated pane 13 has four pane edges, namely an upper pane edge O and a lower pane edge U, which in the installed state are in (vehicle -) Extend transversely, and two lateral pane edges S, which extend in the installed state in the (vehicle) vertical direction. The laminated disc 13 has in the in the 5 embodiment shown has a sensor window 18 and the opaque layer 10 is arranged in a region surrounding the sensor window 18 .

In the 6 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a composite pane according to the invention along the in 5 illustrated cutting line AA` shown.

The wedge-shaped multilayer intermediate layer comprises a first thermoplastic layer 2 and a second thermoplastic layer 6. The first thermoplastic layer 2 contains, for example, PVB and comprises a first protective layer 3 having an inner side 3a, an outer side 3b and a first thickness, a second protective layer 4 having a Inner side 4a, an outer side 4b and a second thickness and an acoustically dampening layer 5 arranged between the inner side 3a of the first protective layer 3 and the inner side 4a of the second protective layer 4. The thicknesses of the first protective layer 3, the second protective layer 4, the acoustically dampening layer 5 and the total thickness of the first thermoplastic layer 2 is essentially constant over the length and the width. The overall thickness of the first thermoplastic layer 2 is 0.5 mm, for example. in the in 6 embodiment shown borders the outside 3b of the first protective layer 2 directly to the inside 6a of the second thermoplastic layer 6.

The opaque layer 10 is in the in the 6 shown embodiment printed in an area on the inside 6a of the second thermoplastic layer 6. The opaque layer 10 is black here, for example, and has a thickness of 12 μm, for example.

The second thermoplastic layer 6 preferably consists of PVB. Alternatively, the second thermoplastic layer 6 can consist of another suitable material such as polyamide or polyethylene. It can be seen that the second thermoplastic layer 6 has a wedge-shaped cross section with a thicker first end and a thinner second end. The thickness at the thinner second end is 0.36 mm, for example, and the thickness at the thicker first end is 0.5 mm, for example.

The first pane 14 and the second pane 15 consist, for example, of soda-lime glass and have a thickness of 2.1 mm. In the in the 6 embodiment shown, the first pane 14 is, for example, the outer pane and the second pane is the inner pane of the laminated pane. Alternatively, however, it is also possible for the first pane 14 to be the inner pane and the second pane 15 to be the outer pane of the composite pane.

In 7 1 is a schematic representation of a first thermoplastic layer 2 partially unwound from a roll 16 . The first thermoplastic layer 2 preferably contains PVB. Alternatively, the first thermoplastic layer 2 can contain another suitable material such as polyamide or polyethylene. The first thermoplastic layer 2 is produced by extrusion, with the direction of extrusion of the first thermoplastic layer 2 corresponding to the winding or unwinding direction of the roll 16 . In 7 the extrusion or unwinding direction is marked with the arrow R1.

8th shows a section of a cross-sectional view of the first thermoplastic layer 2 according to FIG 7 marked cutting line AA. It can be seen that the first thermoplastic layer 2 has a first protective layer 3 having an inside 3a, an outside 3b and a first thickness, a second protective layer 4 having an inside 4a, an outside 4b and a second thickness and one between the inside 3a of the first Protective layer 3 and the inside 4a of the second protective layer 4 arranged acoustically damping layer 5 comprises. The thicknesses of the first protective layer 3, the second protective layer 4, the acoustically dampening layer 5 and the total thickness of the first thermoplastic layer 2 is essentially constant over the length and the width. The overall thickness of the first thermoplastic layer 2 is 0.5 mm, for example. The outside 3b of the first protective layer 3 has a plurality of elongated projections 8 projecting from the surface and elongated depressions 9 recessing the surface in a parallel arrangement. The elevations 8 and depressions 9 each extend in the extrusion direction R1. The elevations 8 and depressions 9 are arranged in alternation transversely to the direction of extrusion. The elevations 8 and depressions 9 are formed in a wavy manner, so that the outside 3b of the first protective layer 3 of the first thermoplastic layer 2 has a ripple. It is noted that 8th shows only a schematic representation, typically the outer side 4b of the second protective layer 4 is corrugated in a corresponding manner and is provided with elevations 8 and depressions 9 . The inside 3a of the first protective layer 3, the inside 4a of the second protective layer 4 and the surfaces of the acoustically dampening layer 5 can also be corrugated in a corresponding manner and provided with elevations 8 and depressions 9.

In 9 1 is a schematic representation of a second thermoplastic layer 6 partially unwound from a roll 17 . The second thermoplastic layer 6 preferably consists of PVB. Alternatively, the second thermoplastic layer 6 can consist of another suitable material such as polyamide or polyethylene. The second thermoplastic layer 6 is produced by extrusion, with the direction of extrusion of the second thermoplastic layer 6 corresponding to the winding or unwinding direction of the roll 17 . In 9 the extrusion or unwinding direction is marked with the arrow R3.

10 shows a section of a cross-sectional view of the second thermoplastic layer 6 according to FIG 9 marked cutting line AA. It can be seen that the second thermoplastic layer 6 has a wedge-shaped cross section with a thicker first end and a thinner second end. The thickness at the thinner second end is 0.36 mm, for example, and the thickness at the thicker first end is 0.5 mm, for example. The inside 6a of the second thermoplastic layer 6 has a plurality of surface-protruding, elongated projections 11 and the surface-deepening, elongated depressions 12 in parallel arrangement. The elevations 11 and depressions 12 each extend in the extrusion direction R3. The elevations 11 and depressions 12 alternate transversely to the extrusion direction arranged. The elevations 11 and depressions 12 are wavy. It is noted that 10 shows only a schematic representation, typically the outer side 6b of the second thermoplastic layer 6 is correspondingly wavy and provided with elevations 11 and depressions 12 .

11 shows an exploded view of an embodiment of a wedge-shaped multilayer intermediate layer 1 according to the invention. The wedge-shaped multilayer intermediate layer 1 comprises a first thermoplastic layer 2 and a second thermoplastic layer 6. The first thermoplastic layer 2 comprises a first protective layer 3, a second protective layer 4 and an acoustically arranged therebetween cushioning layer 5. The second thermoplastic layer 6 is arranged directly adjacent to the outside of the first protective layer 3. FIG. Due to the manufacturing process, the first thermoplastic layer 2 has a plurality of elongated elevations 8 protruding from the surface and elongated depressions 9 which deepen the surface, in a parallel arrangement. The elevations 8 and depressions 9 each extend along a direction that is in 11 is indicated by the arrow R1. The elevations 8 and depressions 9 are arranged in alternation transversely to the direction R1. The elevations 8 and depressions 9 are wavy. Typically, both opposing surfaces of the first thermoplastic layer 2 are corrugated and have elevations 8 and depressions 9 . The second thermoplastic layer 6 also has a plurality of elongated elevations 11 projecting from the surface and elongated depressions 12 deepening the surface in a parallel arrangement due to the manufacturing process. The projections 11 and depressions 12 each extend along a direction that is in 11 is indicated by the arrow R3. The elevations 11 and depressions 12 are arranged in alternation transversely to the direction R3. The elevations 11 and depressions 12 are wavy. Typically, both opposing surfaces of the second thermoplastic layer 6 are corrugated and have peaks 11 and valleys 12 .

As in 11 illustrated are at the in the 11 In the embodiment shown of the wedge-shaped multilayer intermediate layer 1 according to the invention, the first thermoplastic layer 2 and the second thermoplastic layer 6 are arranged in such a way that the elevations 8 and depressions 9 of the first thermoplastic layer 2 are rotated by 90° to the extrusion direction R3 and thus rotated by 90° to the elevations 11 and depressions 12 of the second thermoplastic layer 6 are arranged.

In the in the 11 In the embodiment shown, the opaque layer 10 is printed on the outside 3b of the first protective layer 3, which is arranged directly adjacent to the second thermoplastic layer 6. For the sake of simplicity, the opaque layer 10 is shown in FIG 11 not marked.

12 shows an exploded view of a further embodiment of a wedge-shaped multilayer intermediate layer 1 according to the invention 12 shown embodiment differs from that in FIG 11 shown only to the effect that the first thermoplastic layer 2 and the second thermoplastic layer 6 are arranged in such a way that the elevations 8 and depressions 9 of the first thermoplastic layer 2 are rotated by 45° to the extrusion direction R3 and thus rotated by 45° to the elevations 11 and Depressions 12 of the second thermoplastic layer 6 are arranged.

13 shows a further embodiment of a composite pane 13 according to the invention, in particular for use as a windshield of a motor vehicle. As in 13 illustrated, the laminated pane 13 comprises a first pane 14, a second pane 15 and a wedge-shaped multilayer intermediate layer 1 according to the invention. The wedge-shaped multilayer intermediate layer comprises a first thermoplastic layer 2 and a second thermoplastic layer 6. The laminated pane 13 has four pane edges, namely one upper disc edge O and a lower disc edge U, which extend in the installed state in the (vehicle) transverse direction, and two lateral disc edges S, which extend in the installed state in the (vehicle) vertical direction. In the in the 13 In the embodiment shown, the opaque layer 10 is arranged in a peripheral peripheral area.

14 Figure 12 shows a flow chart of one embodiment of a method for making a wedge-shaped multilayer interlayer according to the present invention.

In a first step I, the method comprises providing a first thermoplastic layer 2, at least comprising a first protective layer 3 having an inside 3a, an outside 3b and a first thickness, a second protective layer 4 having an inside 4a, an outside 4b and a second Thickness and an acoustically dampening layer 5 arranged between the first protective layer 3 and the second protective layer 4 having a third thickness, the thicknesses of the first protective layer 3, the second protective layer 4, the acoustically dampening layer 5 and the total thickness of the first thermoplastic Layer 2 are each substantially constant over the length and width.

In a second step II, the method comprises providing a second thermoplastic layer 6 having an inner side 6a and an outer side 6b, the second thermoplastic layer having a wedge-shaped cross-section with a thicker first end and a thinner second end.

In a third step III, the method comprises the application of an opaque layer 10 to the first protective layer 3 in at least one area on its outside 3b, to the second protective layer 4 in at least one area on its outside 4b or to the second thermoplastic layer 6 in at least an area on its inside 6a or on its outside 6b;

In a fourth step IV, the method comprises arranging the first thermoplastic layer 2 and the second thermoplastic layer 6 flat on top of one another in such a way that the second thermoplastic layer 6 directly or indirectly adjoins the outside 3b of the first protective layer 3 with the inside 6a.

It goes without saying that steps I and II can also be carried out in reverse order.

Step III preferably comprises at least the application of a water-based or solvent-based color pigments or dyes-containing composition to the first protective layer 3 in at least one area on its outside 3b, to the second protective layer 4 in at least one area on its outside 4b or to the second thermoplastic layer 6 in at least one area on its inside 6a or on its outside 6b and drying the applied composition.

reference list

1

wedge-shaped multilayer intermediate layer

2

first thermoplastic layer

3

first layer of protection

3a

Inside of the first protective layer

3b

Outside of the first protective layer

4

second layer of protection

4a

Inside of the second protective layer

4b

Outside of the second protective layer

5

acoustically dampening layer

6

second thermoplastic layer

6a

Inside of the second thermoplastic layer

6b

Outside of the second thermoplastic layer

7

functional intermediate layer

8th

elevation

9

depression

10

opaque layer

11

elevation

12

depression

13

composite pane

14

first slice

15

second disc

16

role

17

role

18

sensor window

R1

first direction

R2

second direction

R3

third direction

R4

fourth direction

O

upper pane edge/roof edge of the laminated pane

u

lower edge of the pane/motor edge of the composite pane

S

lateral disc edge

QUOTES INCLUDED IN DESCRIPTION

This list of documents cited by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent Literature Cited

• EP 0420228 B1 [0006]
• DE 102012211729 A1 [0006]
• WO 2015/086234 A1 [0008]
• WO 2015/086233 A1 [0008]
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• DE 19535053 A1 [0008]
• WO 2018/081570 A1 [0010]
• US 2016/0341960 A1 [0010]
• EP 2017237 A1 [0010]
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• WO 2014/174308 A1 [0011]
• US2017297310A1 [0013]
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• DE 19519541 A1 [0060]

Claims (13)

Wedge-shaped multilayer intermediate layer (1) for a composite pane, at least comprising - a first thermoplastic layer (2) having a length, a width and a total thickness, at least comprising a first protective layer (3) having an inside (3a), an outside (3b) and a first thickness, having a second protective layer (4). an inside (4a), an outside (4b) and a second thickness, and an acoustically dampening layer (5) arranged between the inside (3a) of the first protective layer (3) and the inside (4a) of the second protective layer (4). a third thickness, the thicknesses of the first protective layer (3), the second protective layer (4), the acoustically damping layer (5) and the total thickness of the first thermoplastic layer (2) being substantially constant over the length and the width, respectively; and - a second thermoplastic layer (6) having an inside (6a) and an outside (6b) arranged with the inside (6a) directly or indirectly adjacent to the outside (3b) of the first protective layer (3) and having a wedge-shaped cross-section having a thicker first end and a thinner second end; the first protective layer (3) on its outside (3b), the second protective layer (4) on its outside (4b) or the second thermoplastic layer (6) on its inside (6a) or on its outside (6b) in at least one Area has a printed opaque layer (10). Wedge-shaped multilayer intermediate layer (1) according to claim 1 , wherein the first protective layer (3) on its outside (3b) or the second thermoplastic layer (6) on its inside (6a) has a printed opaque layer (10) in at least one area. Wedge-shaped multilayer intermediate layer (1) according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the printed opaque layer (10) is arranged in an edge region surrounding the wedge-shaped multi-layer intermediate layer (1) and/or the wedge-shaped multi-layer intermediate layer (1) has at least one sensor window (18) for an optical sensor and the printed opaque layer (10 ) is arranged in an area surrounding the sensor window (18). Wedge-shaped multilayer intermediate layer (1) according to one of Claims 1 until 3 , wherein the printed opaque layer (10) contains color pigments or dyes, in particular selected from the group consisting of carbon black, iron oxide pigments and mixed-phase oxide pigments. Wedge-shaped multilayer intermediate layer (1) according to one of Claims 1 until 4 , wherein the wedge angle of the second thermoplastic layer (6) is 0.1 mrad to 1.0 mrad, preferably 0.3 mrad to 0.7 mrad. Wedge-shaped multilayer intermediate layer (1) according to one of Claims 1 until 5 , wherein the printed opaque layer (10) has a thickness of 5 microns (microns) to 40 microns, preferably from 5 microns to 20 microns. Wedge-shaped multilayer intermediate layer (1) according to one of Claims 1 until 6 , wherein the first protective layer (3), the second protective layer (4), the acoustically dampening layer (5) and/or the second thermoplastic intermediate layer (6) is tinted, clouded or colored. Wedge-shaped multilayer intermediate layer (1) according to one of Claims 1 until 7 , wherein the first protective layer (3), the second protective layer (4), the acoustically dampening layer (5) and/or the second thermoplastic intermediate layer (6) comprises at least polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyurethane (PU), acrylates or mixtures or copolymers or derivatives thereof, preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB), particularly preferably polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and plasticizers. Wedge-shaped multilayer intermediate layer (1) according to one of Claims 1 until 8th , additionally comprising at least one functional intermediate layer (7), in particular an IR-reflecting layer, a UV-reflecting layer, a tinted or colored layer, a barrier layer or a combination of these. Wedge-shaped multilayer intermediate layer (1) according to one of Claims 1 until 9 , wherein the first thermoplastic layer (2) is produced in an extrusion process and at least the outside (3b) of the first protective layer (3) of the first thermoplastic layer (2) directly or indirectly adjoining the second thermoplastic layer (6) has a plurality of elongated elevations ( 8) and elongated depressions (9) extending along a first direction (R1) and arranged alternately in a second direction (R2) perpendicular to the first direction (R1); the second thermoplastic layer (6) is produced in an extrusion process and at least the inner side (6a) of the second thermoplastic layer (6) has a plurality of elongate elevations (11) and elongate depressions (12) which extend along a third direction (R3). and are arranged alternately in a fourth direction (R4) perpendicular to the third direction (R3); and the first thermoplastic layer (2) and the second thermoplastic layer (6) are arranged such that the elongated elevations (8) of the first thermoplastic layer (2) in one Angles of 45 ° to 90 ° to the elongated elevations (11) of the second thermoplastic layer (6) are arranged. Composite pane (13), at least comprising a first pane (14), a second pane (15) and a wedge-shaped multilayer intermediate layer (1) arranged between the first pane (14) and the second pane (15) according to one of Claims 1 until 10 . Composite disc (13) after claim 11 , wherein the first pane (14) and/or the second pane (15) has anti-reflection coatings, non-stick coatings, anti-scratch coatings, photocatalytic coatings, electrically heatable coatings, sun protection coatings and/or low-E coatings. Composite disc (13) after claim 11 or 12 , wherein the composite pane (13) is a vehicle pane, in particular a windshield for a motor vehicle.

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