DE1903650A1 - Process for the production of bulk yarn-like materials - Google Patents

Description

Imperial Chemical Industries Ltdo, London, Great Britain

concerning
Process for the creation of bulk gara-like materials

Priority ι '25 <> January 1968 «· Great Britain

The invention relates to structural yarn-like materials and on a process for the production of such materials from thermoplastic polymeric substances "

It is known to make puffy, yarn-like structures made from synthetic to produce organic polymers by making a tape of the polymer which is oriented in the longitudinal direction to a high degree has been, the rapid movement in a jet of a turbulent exposed flowable material

909 8 36 / U54

Structure is created in this process by a cleavage or fibrillation in the longitudinal direction of the polymeric tape and by shifting the fibrils, which remain as a network, with a part free torn off fibrillar ends are present, reached "

It has now been found that a bulky yarn-like product duct can be produced by following the longitudinal orientation and prior to fibrillation of the ligaments or strips a mechanical crimping stage from thermoplastic polymeric materials applies α

Thus, according to the invention, a method for the production of bulk yarn-like materials from thermoplastic polymeric materials is proposed, which is carried out by converting the polymeric material into at least one band or at least one strip, orienting the said band or strips, the oriented band or mechanically curls the oriented strip, heat-treats the curled tape or the curled strip to fix the curl, and the curled tape or the curled strip shines _{or the like}

The cotton yarn-like products according to the invention consist of a bundle of fibrils bit a sinusoidal or sawtooth-shaped Ripples, which are interconnected in an arbitrary network o Depending on the strength with which the

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Fibrillationatufe is carried out, the invention Products have no or an ATiy.ahT of fibrils, of which one end by tearing off the network during fibrillation has been exposed. .

With the term "tape" as used herein is one Meant elongated structure which is considerably wider than it is thick and which is obtained by extrusion of a molten thermoplastic Polymers or a polymer solution through a slot or through several slots in a spinning head »solidification and winding or advancing the belt to the next stage at a linear speed and preferably slightly faster than that linear extrusion speed is established o The difference between the extrusion speed and the winding » or advancing speed causes little elongation of the extruded polymer tape while it is still in the. plastic state «, but gives only a very poor orientation,

As used herein, the term "stripe" denotes an elongated structure with a band shape, which, however, is marked by Bx »~ trudging or casting the thermoplastic polymer into a film is made before or after the longitudinal orientation slit into a number of narrower widths »

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Ribbons or strips usually have a rectangular cross-section, which is created with the help of a rectangular slot or a rectangular nozzle, but you can also use a modified one Have a shape, as is the case, for example, with a band or a strip, which consists of thick and thin ribs that alternate in the transverse direction across the width, "being this type- made of tapes or strips with a nozzle is »which has a series of circular holes, • which are connected to one another by narrow slitso

The glasses in a product according to the invention have a rectangular cross-section, if they have been made from a rectangular band or strip, and a ribbed cross-section, if they are made from the above-mentioned modified form of a tape or strip, since the wrapping is pre-} preferably along the thinner ribs ο

Orientation of polymeric ribbons or strips is accomplished by making the materials longitudinally and reversibly stretches (a process most commonly referred to as stretching), whereby the materials are heated in a but not in a thermoplastic state, and possibly a There is a device that exerts a frictional force on the material exercises to improve the stretching effect and to locate the area where the stretching takes place (this is the

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Stretching zone) α Ia FaHe of certain polymeric substances, never ZoB ₉ acrylonitrile, stretching in the presence of a plasticizing substance is desirable rotates at a higher peripheral speed in order to generate the tensile stress. Warning can be fed to the tape or strip by heating one or more of the pods of the first set (feed rollers) or by placing the tape or strips between them Rolls seeds are surrounded by a heating system, in which the material is exposed to radiant heat, steam or

Ηβη a hot liquid is heated, or that / the tape or the strip over a standing plate arranged between the pulley sets, ο Alternatively, a braking surface with a cylindrical shape around which the tape or the strip is guided can be used between the two pulley sets to apply heat and / or a frictional force o '.

A method according to the invention is preferably carried out continuously in that the thermoplastic polymer is continuously and uninterruptedly passed through the following stages: (i) Conversion into a tape or strip of substantially non-oriented form, (2) orientation by stretching, preferably ■ * · _ "at an elevated temperature, (3) mechanical crimp (a) heat treatment, (5) Fibrüüerung and (6) winding in a

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However, the wrap ο Bas procedure can also be in one or more stages run with the tape or strip in between is wound up in a roll, for example according to the above steps (1), (2) or (4), and then pulled off this roll again and fed to the subsequent stages

In the method according to the invention, the mechanical crimping be carried out by boring the oriented tape oriented strips by a Stauchkamaer- or gear curler known shape, which one, sinusoidal or creates sawtooth crimps on the tape or stripes » or by passing the oriented ribbon or strip over a narrow heated edge which is helical Pucker causes ο bin or multiple ribbons or Strips can be fed simultaneously through the stuffer box or through the gear crimper, either side by side or lie one on top of the other »The crimp applied is obtained by a heat treatment at a temperature below the softening point of the tape or strip and preferably carried out at a temperature »with the ice» crystallization with takes place at a fairly rapid rate «tuck heat treatment can be carried out in an expedient manner that steam or hot air through the siroma downward part of the Stauchkaoiner is passed through or that the band or the strip » heating prior to crimping, or heating one or both crimping gears, alternatively the crimped

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Material can be heat-treated in a relaxed state by slowly passing it through a hot-air oven on an old carrier provided with openings, in which case care must be taken not to develop a great deal of tension in the crimped material before it is heat-treated to fix the crimp In a continuous process or in a process in which the above steps (4) and (5) follow one another continuously, it is desirable that the crimped material be allowed to cool before fibrillation to have a slight tendency to To reduce puckering caused in the latter stage o

It can a variety of thermoplastic polymeric materials that deform in a band or strip and ea * can be oriented aa high _t so that they are fibrilllerbar be used in the inventive method, such as Z ₀ B ₀ polyamides, poly * · ester, polyolefins, Vinylidene chloride copolymers, polystyrene, polyacrylonitrile and acrylonitrile copolymereo tapes or strips made of these polymers, copolymers that fall within these classes, or mixtures thereof can be used in the method according to the invention are composed of layers of polymeric substances that show a different degree of shrinkage when released from a stretching tension

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or if they are heat-treated in a de-energized state » These different. Shrink properties of. conjugate Ribbons or strips »which appear when the tension is removed or when a heat treatment is applied in the tension-free state» create a spiral crimp » those of the already existing sinusoidal or sawtooth-shaped "Ripple is superimposed on it

The Fibrillierungsstufe of the inventive method can be carried out for example by a rapid twisting or false twisting, but it is preferable to use DINEN beam of a turbulent medium to the fibrillation inducing _g since this both a heat treatment and relaxation in the same piece of the "device When using a jet of a turbulent medium to effect fibrillation, the ribbon or strip is passed through the jet with very little or no tension so that the turbulent gas can develop the full fibrillation effect due to the low tension A spiral curl can develop in the ribbon or strip within the jet when a conjugate material is treated, and especially when a heated medium such as “hot air or steam is used.” Another form of jet from a flow tube Higen medium that can be used in the fibrillation step according to the present invention is disclosed in US Pat

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British patent application 39488/68, according to this Patent application, there are two counter-rotating currents of a medium, through which a band or a strip underneath a low tension is passed and which the strip or tape two false twist operations in opposite Give directions, the reverse of the twist producing a very strong fibrillation effect ο

In the. In the accompanying drawing there is shown one form of a jet of a nozzle used to effect fibrillation can be"

The nozzle shown has an inlet 1 for a medium, a connecting path 2 and an annular path 3, which has a inlet tube 4 for. surrounds a band or strip and which converges at the downstream end 5 so that a narrowly converging annular jet is created between the inner end of the tube 4 and a conical entrance to a tube 7 which is substantially coaxial with the tube 4 _{or the like} The DUeeneinheit shown in the drawing is made of parts that are screwed or pressed together so that it can be easily disassembled »

In operation, compressed gas or steam is supplied to inlet 1 and passed along paths 2 and 3 and enters

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from the annular nozzle 6 under turbulence and leaves the Unit via the outlet pipe 7 "A partial vacuum is created in the Inlet pipe 4 is formed when the medium passes through the unit · » flows «This draws the tape or strip (not shown) into the bore 4 and through the nozzle 6 and into the exit tube 7. Die turbulent conditions at the exit to nozzle 6 (and to a lesser extent along tube 7) move the ribbon or strip violently, whereby a fibrillation of the same takes place, and convey the tape or the strip in bulky hairs out of the drill 7 »

When carrying out the method according to the invention, the degree of bulk in the product can be controlled by a number of factors, such as the fineness of the mechanical crimp, the degree of fibrillation in the tape or strip, which in turn is determined by the nature of the polymeric material , the physical dimensions of the ribbon or strip and the degree of longitudinal orientation o The strength of the fibrillation conditions is determined by the energy of the medium and the speed of the ribbon or strip through the nozzle _o

Another level check on the nature of the product, in particular the degree of fibrillation and the, uniformity and fineness the FibriUen, can be brought about that one before the fibrillation and preferably before the crimping and preferably also, before the orientation, tension points, tension lines or span »

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introducing surfaces in the tape or in the strip, one Such pretensioning of the tape or the strip can be caused, for example, by the fact that the unstretched tape or the undrawn strip (or the film from which the strip is cut) prior to orientation by embossed nip rolls α Bine similar control of fibrillation can can be achieved by having a freshly extruded film on an engraved or coughed roller and not on the usually used smooth roller, pour on »

The yarn-like products according to the invention can be used as conventional textile yarn in the manufacture of woven or knitted textile fabrics and in the manufacture of carpets or non-woven materials allows the products to be used directly in materials that were previously made from staple fiber yarns aindo:

The invention is illustrated in more detail by the following examples

example 1

Bin 'strip of isotaktiachen polypropylene having a viscosity number of 1.47 (measured in decalin at 135 ⁰ C) and a thickness and width of 0.019 mm or 25 mm _o in the undrawn

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The state is passed through a pressure roller with (ftimmioberfläche and a steel roller, on the surface of which are a series of parallel grooves running around the circumference with a V-cross section »with 19 grooves per cm of axis length The lap is wound up, from where it is then passed through a stretching / crimping / fibrillation device in which the strip is first stretched between the feed rollers and the take-off rollers to a stretching ratio of 8: 1, the former on a surface of 152 ⁰ C are heated to produce a stretched tape with a width of 7.5 mm and a thickness of 0.006 mm, which then crimped duroh passage through a stuffer box with a feed roller width of 12.5 mm, by being passed in a relaxed state through a Hot air oven on a continuously moving and apertured conveyor 15 thermofizlert min at 140 ⁰ C, according to f by passing through a nozzle of the accompanying drawings! shines and wirdο finally wound up in a coil, the inner diameter of the path is through the nozzle for the strip of 6.4 mm. The crimped strip is fed into the nozzle in a practically de-energized state by being fed to it at a higher rate than it is being fed away from it. The nozzle is fed with unheated compressed with a pressure of 0.7 kg / cm

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13 -

A bulky yarn-like product is obtained which consists of a statistical network consists of fibrils that are sinusoidal Have a crimp, a rectangular cross-section and a titer between 0.5 and 5 denier,

Example 2

A tape made of an isotactic polypropylene with a viscosity number of 3 »? (measured in DecalinlSsung at 135 ⁰ C) and a thickness and width of 0.05 mm or. " 26.8 mm is drawn at a draw ratio of 5.9: 1 using a feed roller heated to a surface temperature of 95 ° C. and a draw roller rotating at a surface speed of 60 m / min to produce a longitudinally oriented strip with the dimensions 11 χ 0.0205 mm and 1850 den, which is passed at a speed of 60 m / min through a storage chamber equipped with rollers 12.5 mm wide * Pas ruffle material falls onto a moving and foraminous conveyor carrying es in the relaxed state by a hot air of, in which it is heat-treated for 10 min at 13O ⁰ C, whereupon it is between wound onto a winding before Pibrillierung, "the Fibrillation is carried out by passing the crimped, fixed strip through a nozzle described in Example 1 at a speed of 60 m / min with practically no tension that is heard with compressed air from. 5t6 kg / cnr is operated »The bulky yarn-like product has a titer of 2080 den, a

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- 14 mean fibril titers of 11 den and 30 x ripples / 25.4

Example 5

The strips used in Example 2 are stretched as in that example, but using a speed of 107 m / min and a stretching ratio of 5.0: 1, strips ψ with 2500 being obtained with the dimensions of 12 mm χ 0.022 mm which are laid one on top of the other to be passed through a stuffer box which has 12.5 mm wide feed rollers and asymmetrically arranged scraper blades, that is, one blade enters the bulge of the feed rollers before the other blade ο the curled strips are heat-set as in Example 2, separated into individual strips and shimmered as in Example 2 f!, with three bulky yarn-like products of 2800 den

the
a mean fibril titer of 20 / and 25 crimps / 25 # 4 mm

will be received »

Example 4

Six oriented stripes, as used in Example 3 are juxtaposed passed _t six crimped strips through a stuffer box with 10 cm wide feed rollers of each 2640 to / 25.4 prepare mm with 30 Eräuselungen, Diö nach.einer fibrillation as in Example 3 result in a similar yarn-like product,

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Example 5

A reoriented strip of polyethylene terephthalate with the dimensions 15.5 mm χ 0.051 mm is stretched to a stretching ratio of 6.25: 1, with a feed roller with a surface temperature of 80 ° C and a stretching roller rotating at 60 m / min surface speed as long as a hot plate of 220 ⁰ O is used between the supply and stretching rollers, a stretched band of 884 denier with the dimensions 6.1 mm 0.012 mm being obtained, which passes through a stuffer box with 9.5 mm wide feed rolls and asymmetrically arranged scraper blades is passed through «, the crimped material is ^{thermofiltered for 10 min at 135 0} G by being passed through a hot air oven, then wound up in between in a roll and then fibrillated by it at a speed of 50.5 m / min under a tension of 88.4 g by two counter-rotating air jets in a device according to the British patent application dung 59488/66 is passed, which with

2 one

Compressed air of 5.6 kg / cm is fed and their paths / inner diameter of 4.75 mm and a length of 23.5 mm, with a 15 mm wide distance between the jets, by which the twist reversal is caused _o The brilliant product has a titer of 1040 den, a mean fibril titer of 8.8 den and 19 crimps / 25 # 4 stroke ο

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Example 6

Polyethylene terephthalate tape is oriented, crimped, ^{fixed for 10 min at 165 0} C and fibrillated as described in Example 5, whereby a yarn-like product with a liter of 986 den, a mean pibrill titer of 16.5 den and with 15 crimps / 25, 4 mm is obtained _o

Example 7

I unoriented strip of polyhexamethylene adipamide having the dimensions of 10 mm χ 0 _β 05 mm is applied to a draw ratio of 5.1: 1 between unheated feed and Verstreckrollen, the latter rotating at a peripheral speed of 30 ». 5 m turns / min over a hot plate (220 ⁰ C .Oberflächentemperatur) stretched between the rollers, "The resultant oriented. / Strip 885 and with the dimensions of 4.4 mm χ 0.022 mm is between coiled on a winding, then by passed there through a stuffer box with 9 »5 ffira wide feed rollers and asymmetrically arranged scraper blades, as in the preceding Examples 10 min at 115 ⁰ G and then f! shines by passing at 30.5 m / min through a like in. Example 5 used nozzle is passed, which with pressure

is operated, air of 10.5 kg / cm ₀ bauschgarnartige The product has a titre of 1014 to, an average fibril of 20 to and 25 crimps / 25 »4 mm _o

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Example 8

A polyhexamethylene adipamide strip is oriented, crimped, Heated and fibrillated for 10 min at 130 ° G, as in Example 7 is described by a similar product with a titer of 965 denier, a mean fibril titre of 20 denier and 16 crimps / 25.4 to manufacture mm »

ORIGINAL INSPECTED 909836/1454

Claims (1)

Claims ο A process for the production of industrial yarn-like materials from thermoplastic polymeric materials, characterized in that the polymeric material is converted into at least one tape or at least one strip, the said tape or strips are oriented, and the oriented tape or strips are mechanically puckered , heat-treated the curled tape or the curled strip, do the curl fixing, and the curled tape or the curled strip f! shines _o 2 «, method according to claim 1, characterized in that the Process steps of making a tape or a strip, orienting, crimping, heat treating and fibrillation successively carried out continuously will. 3ο method according to claim 1, characterized in that the polymeric material in between after, the deformation, the orientation or the heat treatment is wound up » 4ο method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that that the crimping is carried out in a stuffer box willo 909836 / U5A ~ 19 ~ 5ο Method according to claim 4 »characterized» that the Heat treatment carried out in the downstream part of the Stauchkamaer becomes α ο Method according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized that the heat treatment is carried out in the relaxed state by passing the material through a hot air oven is passed through, Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the fibrillation is carried out by applying a ribbon or strip with no or little tension is passed through a jet of a turbulent medium. ο Method according to claim 7 »characterized * that the Medium air is ": 9ο method according to claim 7 »characterized in that the Medium is hot air or steam " 1Oo method according to one of claims 1 to 6 "characterized in that that the FibriHierung is carried out by the tape or the strip by at least two counter-rotating Flows of a medium are passed through " 909836 / U54 Πο method according to claim 10 _E. characterized ₉ that the currents of meditation consist of air _o 12 «Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that ge = indicates that a polyester, a polyamide, a polyolefin, a vinylidene chloride are used as thermoplastic polymar material » misehpoiymer, polystyrene, polyacrylonitrile, an acrylonitrile « misehpoiymer, a mixed polymer that is within the said or
Let fall / a mixture of these polymeric substances is used" 113ο The method according to claim 12 _P, characterized in that isotactic polypropylene, polyethylanterephthalate or polyhexamethylene adipamide is used as the thermoplastic polymer material 14 «method according to one of claims Ϊ to 11« thereby identified indicates that the tape or the strip is a conjugated k tape or a conjugated strip * which are composed of two or more layers of polymeric materials that have different shrinkage properties » PATENT LAWYERS DIL-ING. H. FINCKE. DIPL-ING. H.IOHfi DIPL-ING. S. STAEOER BATH ORIGINAL 909836/1454