DE1621268B1 - Process and device for ionitriding high-alloy steels - Google Patents
Process and device for ionitriding high-alloy steelsInfo
- Publication number
- DE1621268B1 DE1621268B1 DE19671621268D DE1621268DA DE1621268B1 DE 1621268 B1 DE1621268 B1 DE 1621268B1 DE 19671621268 D DE19671621268 D DE 19671621268D DE 1621268D A DE1621268D A DE 1621268DA DE 1621268 B1 DE1621268 B1 DE 1621268B1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- workpiece
- iron
- ionitriding
- nitrogen
- dusted
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
- C23C8/36—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases using ionised gases, e.g. ionitriding
- C23C8/38—Treatment of ferrous surfaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/0641—Nitrides
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
Description
Es ist bekannt, daß sich hochlegierte Stähle, insbesondere rost- und säurebeständige Chrom- und Chromnickel-Stähle nur mangelhaft nitrierhärten lassen. Auch beim Ionitrieren mit Ammoniak in einer elektrischen Glimmentladung wird nur eine unvollkommene Härtung erzielt. Dies liegt zum. Teil daran, daß durch adsorptiv an die Oberfläche gebundener Sauerstoff die Eindiffusion des Stickstoffs in die Oberfläche des hochlegierten Werkstückes verhindert wird. Es wurden daher bereits spezielle Entpassivierungsverfahren entwickelt, .die diesen Nachteil beseitigen, z. B. mit ehemischen oder mit mechanischen Mitteln. Diese Methoden erfordern jedoch einen sehr erheblichen Arbeitsaufwand vor der eigentlichen Härtung und erreichen das Ziel oft nur unvollkommen, da es zu einer Neubildung von Oxidhäuten kommen kann.It is known that high-alloy steels, especially rust- and acid-resistant chromium and Nitride hardening of chromium-nickel steels is inadequate. Even when ionitriding with ammonia in one electric glow discharge, only imperfect hardening is achieved. This is due to. Part of it that by adsorptively bound oxygen to the surface the diffusion of nitrogen into the Surface of the high-alloy workpiece is prevented. There have therefore already been special depassivation processes which eliminate this disadvantage, e.g. B. with former or with mechanical Means. However, these methods require a very significant amount of work before the actual Hardening and often only imperfectly reach the target, as new oxide skins are formed can.
In umfangreichen Versuchen wurde erarbeitet, daß dieser passive Zustand nur zum Teil der Grund für die mangelhafte Nitrierhärtung von hochlegierten Stählen ist.In extensive experiments it was found that this passive state is only partly the reason for the inadequate nitriding of high-alloy steels.
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Ionitrierung von hochlegierten rost- und säurebeständigen Stählen, wobei in einem Anlaufvorgang Wasserstoff dem stickstoffabgebenden Mittel, insbesondere Ammoniak, zugemischt wird, und zeichnet sich dadurch aus, daß dem Werkstück durch Katodenzerstäubung einer zusätzlich im Rezipienten beim Werkstück angeordneten Hilfskatode aus Eisen atomares Eisen zugestäubt wird. Mit Vorteil können andere Metalle, vorzugsweise hartnitridbildende Metalle, wie Chrom, Molybdän, Vanadium usw., zusätzlich zugestäubt werden.The invention relates to a method and a device for ionitriding of high-alloy rust and acid-resistant steels, whereby in a start-up process hydrogen is the nitrogen-releasing agent, in particular ammonia, is added, and is characterized in that the workpiece by Cathode sputtering of an auxiliary iron cathode, which is also arranged in the recipient next to the workpiece atomic iron is dusted. Other metals, preferably hard nitride-forming metals, such as chromium, molybdenum, vanadium, etc., are additionally dusted.
Ferner beinhaltet die Erfindung eine Vorrichtung zur Ausübung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens (F i g. 1), welches gekennzeichnet ist durch den metallischen Rezipienten 1, der als Anode geschaltet ist, und die Stromzuführung 2, die das zu behandelnde Werkstück 3 trägt und katodisches Potential führt. In der Nähe des Werkstückes 3 ist eine Huf skatode 5 aus Eisen angebracht, die auch mit dem Werkstück in Verbindung stehen kann. Die Gasanschlüsse sind mit 4 gekennzeichnet. Die Behandlungstemperatur der Werkstücke liegt zwischen 450 und 580° C, und der Behandlungsdruck liegt zwischen 0,1 bis 10 Tom Die Betriebsspannung bewegt sich zwischen 400 und 1050 Volt. Im Anlaufvorgang dientvorwiegend Wasserstoff als Betriebsgas, das in der Glimmentladung aktiviert wird und die Entpassivierung herbeiführt. Im weiteren Verlauf der Behandlung werden Ammoniak oder andere stickstoffhaltige Gase zugegeben.The invention also includes a device for performing the method according to the invention (Fig. 1), which is characterized by the metallic recipient 1, which is connected as an anode is, and the power supply 2, which carries the workpiece 3 to be treated and carries cathodic potential. In the vicinity of the workpiece 3 is a hoof skatode 5 made of iron, which can also be in connection with the workpiece. The gas connections are marked with 4. The treatment temperature of the workpieces is between 450 and 580 ° C, and the treatment pressure is between 0.1 and 10 Tom. The operating voltage is between 400 and 1050 volts. During the start-up process, hydrogen is mainly used as the operating gas, which is used in the glow discharge is activated and causes the depassivation. As the treatment progresses, ammonia will be used or other nitrogen-containing gases are added.
Bei hochlegierten Stählen, z. B. Chrom-Nickel-Stählen, deren Gehalte an Chrom und Nickel über 50 % betragen kann, ist der Eisengehalt an der Oberfläche entsprechend niedriger. Dies hat zur Folge, daß weniger Stickstoff an die Oberfläche zur Reaktion gebracht wird. Es wurde nun gefunden, daß durch eine Erhöhung des Eisenangebots im Plasma ein vermehrtes Angebot von Stickstoff an die Werkstücksoberfläche bewirkt werden kann. Durch die große kinetische Energie der aufprallenden Ionen, bewirkt durch den Katodenfall, wird das Werkstück aufgeheizt und die Nitrierschicht bildet sich durch reaktive katodische Zerstäubung. Von der Hilfskatode 5 stäubt Eisen ab und verbindet sich im Glimmlichtplasma mit Stickstoff zu Eisennitrid. Dieses scheidet sich bevorzugt aus der Katode, d. h. dem Werkstück als gleichmäßige Schicht ab. Die aufgestäubten Eisennitride besitzen einen hohen Stickstoffgehalt und zersetzen sich an der Metalloberfläche, wobei der Stickstoff in das Innere des Werkstücks diffundiert und Eisen erneut in das Glimmlichtplasma abstäubt. Das von der Hilfskatode abgestäubte Eisen kann damit als ein maßgebender Stickstoffträger betrachtet werden. Wie nach den Diffusionsgesetzen zu erwarten war, ist damit' unter sonst gleichen Behandlungsbedingungen erfindungsgemäß eine höhere Einhärtungstiefe und eine gleichmäßigere und bessere Ionitrierung zu erzielen.In the case of high-alloy steels, e.g. B. Chromium-nickel steels, the contents of chromium and nickel over 50%, the iron content on the surface is correspondingly lower. As a consequence, that less nitrogen is brought to the surface to react. It has now been found that by an increase in the iron supply in the plasma an increased supply of nitrogen to the workpiece surface can be effected. Due to the large kinetic energy of the impacting ions When the cathode falls, the workpiece is heated up and the nitrided layer is formed by reactive cathodic atomization. Iron dusts off from the auxiliary cathode 5 and combines in the glow light plasma with nitrogen to iron nitride. This separates preferentially from the cathode, i. H. the workpiece as even layer. The atomized iron nitrides have a high nitrogen content and decompose on the metal surface, whereby the nitrogen diffuses into the interior of the workpiece and dusting iron again into the glow light plasma. The iron dusted from the auxiliary cathode can thus be regarded as a decisive nitrogen carrier. As expected according to the laws of diffusion was, therefore, according to the invention, under otherwise identical treatment conditions, there is a greater depth of hardening and to achieve a more uniform and better ionitriding.
Die erfindungsgemäß erzielbaren Ergebnisse sind in F i g. 2 dargestellt. Der hochlegierte rost- und säurebeständige Werkstoff mit 0,03% Kohlenstoff, 20% Chrom und 25% Nickel, stabilisiert mit Niob, wurde erfindungsgemäß entpassiviert und mit einer Hilfskatode aus gewöhnlichem Stahl ionitriert. Zum Vergleich sind die Ergebnisse, einer Behandlung ohne die erfindungsgemäße Hilfskatode angegeben.The results that can be achieved according to the invention are shown in FIG. 2 shown. The high-alloy rust and acid-resistant material with 0.03% carbon, 20% chromium and 25% nickel, stabilized with niobium, was depassivated according to the invention and ionitrided with an auxiliary cathode made of ordinary steel. To the The results of a treatment without the auxiliary code according to the invention are given for comparison.
Es ergaben sich folgende Meßergebnisse:The following measurement results were obtained:
1. Oberflächenhärte ..1. Surface hardness ..
2. maximale Mikrohärte 2. maximum micro hardness
3. Eht 500 3rd marriage 500
4. Einhärtungstiefe
etwa 4. Hardening depth
approximately
Eisenaufstäubung
ohne I mitIron sputtering
without I with
958HV958HV
726HV
0,05 mm726HV
0.05 mm
0,05 mm0.05 mm
1100 HV1100 HV
1072 HV
0,09 mm1072 HV
0.09 mm
0,10 mm0.10 mm
Die Versuche beweisen die Bedeutung von Eisen als Stickstoffträger bei der Ionitrierung und die erhebliche Verbesserung der technologischen Eigenschaften, die durch die. Erfindung besonders an hochlegierten Werkstoffen erzielt werden kann.The experiments prove the importance of iron as a nitrogen carrier in ionitriding and the significant improvement in technological properties brought about by the. Invention particularly high-alloy materials can be achieved.
Claims (3)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DEJ0034893 | 1967-10-26 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE1621268B1 true DE1621268B1 (en) | 1971-06-09 |
Family
ID=7205239
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE19671621268D Pending DE1621268B1 (en) | 1967-10-26 | 1967-10-26 | Process and device for ionitriding high-alloy steels |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AT (1) | AT292764B (en) |
BE (1) | BE722701A (en) |
CH (1) | CH503801A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1621268B1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR1590009A (en) |
GB (1) | GB1241967A (en) |
LU (1) | LU57161A1 (en) |
NL (1) | NL6815342A (en) |
SE (1) | SE340026B (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3029339A1 (en) * | 1979-09-14 | 1981-03-26 | Hitachi, Ltd., Tokio/Tokyo | Glow discharge heat treatment plant - with vacuum furnace and auxiliary electrodes initiating discharge |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2439824A1 (en) * | 1978-10-25 | 1980-05-23 | Creusot Loire | IMPROVEMENT IN CHROMIZING STEELS BY GASEOUS WAY |
FI63783C (en) * | 1981-09-30 | 1983-08-10 | Kymin Oy Kymmene Ab | FOERFARANDE FOER NITRERING VID LAOGT TRYCK MED HJAELP AV GLIMURLADDNING |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1204047B (en) * | 1957-04-10 | 1965-10-28 | Berghaus Elektrophysik Anst | Process for the diffusion treatment of bodies |
-
1967
- 1967-10-26 DE DE19671621268D patent/DE1621268B1/en active Pending
-
1968
- 1968-10-21 GB GB49788/68A patent/GB1241967A/en not_active Expired
- 1968-10-22 BE BE722701D patent/BE722701A/xx unknown
- 1968-10-23 SE SE14297/68A patent/SE340026B/xx unknown
- 1968-10-24 AT AT10385/68A patent/AT292764B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1968-10-25 FR FR1590009D patent/FR1590009A/fr not_active Expired
- 1968-10-25 LU LU57161A patent/LU57161A1/xx unknown
- 1968-10-25 CH CH1595568A patent/CH503801A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1968-10-25 NL NL6815342A patent/NL6815342A/xx unknown
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1204047B (en) * | 1957-04-10 | 1965-10-28 | Berghaus Elektrophysik Anst | Process for the diffusion treatment of bodies |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3029339A1 (en) * | 1979-09-14 | 1981-03-26 | Hitachi, Ltd., Tokio/Tokyo | Glow discharge heat treatment plant - with vacuum furnace and auxiliary electrodes initiating discharge |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CH503801A (en) | 1971-02-28 |
FR1590009A (en) | 1970-04-06 |
AT292764B (en) | 1971-08-15 |
SE340026B (en) | 1971-11-01 |
LU57161A1 (en) | 1969-01-31 |
GB1241967A (en) | 1971-08-11 |
BE722701A (en) | 1969-04-01 |
NL6815342A (en) | 1969-04-29 |
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