DE1560712A1 - Translucent sheet of curled continuous threads and the method for making them - Google Patents

Description

Patent attorney "

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Celanese Corporation of America,. - ■ -

522 Fifth Avenue, 36 New York, Nevr.York, V.Sf.A. . '

Translucent sheet of curled continuous Threads and processes for their production »

The invention relates to thread-like materials and, more particularly, to translucent webs of crimped continuous threads used in the manufacture of nonwovens and various other industrial Products are useful «

Sheet-like materials made from continuous filaments or staple fibers without weaving or knitting, ornaments commonly referred to as non-woven fabrics and are used as filters or in the; Production of clothing or padding unc! Reinforcements for the same, depending after 'used whether a Bii-rtemittel in their preparation, is and bejahendej-iialls of vielcher type and in v; hich ■ -' ■ _ 'amount of these materials made from staple fibers: have disadvantages, by not being so stable or _; are permanent as would be desirable, even if they are through; a binding agent or reinforced by lamination to a more stable sheet-like material »The materials" ■ - ■ "·. ■ ^ tend to give off fibers and after a short period of use they lose their bulk, compressibility and resilience . The present invention relates to translucent webs of continuous filaments of unusually high uniformity which are of great advantage for a large number of applications on the

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Textile and other fields can, as well as a method for generating such paths. That is simple and extremely fast to operate.

The translucent web according to the invention consists of crimped continuous filaments, generally all lying in the same direction and made by entanglements as a result of the crimps in the threads as well are held together by deviations of small lengths of the threads from this direction. This path shows you average air space per filament, as will be explained in more detail below, which is a positive value.

The preferred method of making such a web comprises the opening of a crimped sliver of continuous synthetic filaments, the crimps in individual threads are brought out of agreement with those in adjacent threads by the moving fuse is passed between a pair of rollers, at least one of which has an interrupted surface, so that the threads between the rollers are only detected in areas that alternate with other areas, in where the threads are not caught. The special threads that run between the rollers during the passage of the fuse are detected are changed repeatedly so that different groups of the threads are detected and released. The opened fuse is then spread out in order to increase its width by pressing the fuse over the whole A wide force is brought into action 'by means of devices which work in such a way that at least one resultant of the force moves the individual threads away from each other,

The opening and disregarding of the crimps are preferably accomplished with the aid of several pairs

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Executed by rollers. One reel of each pair points on one smooth surface, while the other roller on is grooved its entire circumference. The alternating grooves and ridges extend inclined or helically in opposite directions' from the center to opposite ends of the roller. When the fuse between the two rollers of any particular pair, -..., · - going through it, there will be some threads between the vertices. the burrs of the grooved roller and the outer peripheral surface of the opposite roller with smooth Surface captured while other threads, leading to this Time aligned with the spaces between the ridges of the grooved roller, between the same and the roller with a smooth surface is not detected will. Generally there will only be one roller of each pair effectively driven while the other roller is against the same is resiliently pressed and through the passage of the fuse is twisted between the rollers.

The opened fuse is then subjected to a spreading process, which transforms the fuse into a continuous web of greater width and of remarkable density. The opened fuse is preferably 1.5 to 6 times larger spread out to its original width., The generated trajectory can be 2 m or more wide, though for most Applications a width of up to 1 m is sufficient.

The process of spreading can, for example, be carried out by performing - Are effected, which consists of at least one and preferably of several curved rails, which extend transversely to the direction of movement of the opened fuse and which are arranged so that the fuse is drawn across the same with a relatively low tension can be. This tension causes it to hit the flat web

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pressure is exerted on the fuse when it is pressed by the curved rails is brought into the curved shape., so that the threads move away from each other when they are over walk off the rails.

The spreading process can also be carried out by the opened fuse is passed through an air spreader, in which the flat path of the fuse through a Passage of small height passes through it, while flows of air or other gas to the full width be straightened by the fuse and escape through the inlet and outlet for the fuse. In this way it is possible to spread the fuse so easily and very evenly over large widths in order to produce strips of extreme fineness, e.g. webs containing less than 240 threads, for example 40 threads per cm of width, and in which the average air space per thread is much larger than the diameter of the threads =

The average air space per thread is the average Space between-the- "threads of the web that is on a line is measured in the plane of the web perpendicular to the general direction of the threads of the web. This space is calculated on the assumption that all Threads lie in a single plane so that no threads cross other threads. In the present description is calculated according to the equation; -_.

w - η. _F Average air space per thread =

in which means:

Dp is the average diameter of the threads w is the width of the essentially uniform path η is the number of threads on this width.

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One of the preferred embodiments of the invention is the average air space per thread is a multiple ■ (for example 5, 10 or more times) the average Thread diameter. '

While air spreaders or banding nozzles of the general type indicated above are already used for spreading slivers for use in the manufacture of cigarettes -. When filters have been used, it has not heretofore been considered possible to use such devices to form webs of as low a density as described herein the average air space per filament .can be calculated in the product, indicate that the maximum ^·: separation that is possible in the treated roving, a negative value is, the number of threads that times its diameter than the ist.größer Width of the spread product. In contrast, according to the method according to the invention, it is possible to produce translucent webs in which the average air space per thread is more than 10 times the diameter of the threads and in which the threads are essentially across the width of the web are evenly distributed.

Of the various methods of spreading the open part Lunte is preferable to air diffusion. It has been found that even at high propagation speeds the path created by air propagation is essentially, Uniform product of high quality is- When the air spreads through spreading arrangements with domed Rails are replaced, is comparatively the quality of the product not so good and the allowable working speed is a little lower. When the sliver tape

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divides as it spreads through the arched rails, this division becomes as the past progresses reinforced. The air diffusion, however, has a self-healing or self-correcting effect, so that any Division does not continue, but rather seeks to close. If to spread a system diverging belts use / produce a product of lower quality than the one that is achieved using air propagation.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the air expansion is carried out in several stages. In each stage, the sliver is expanded to a greater width than in the previous stage o For best results, the sliver is isolated from the action of the following stage in each stage by inserting the sliver between the Stages is brought into firm contact with a surface that moves at a controlled speed, ζ.Β »around and between a pair of driven rollers that delimit a feed point.

The air diffusers are provided with air supply slots or other appropriate openings in one of the two provided parallel walls which extend transversely to the width of the slit passage. The slots go from a filling chamber fed with air under a constant pressure, with a very effective construction a series of slots is provided, each in a direction transverse to the direction of movement of the sliver runs and which are arranged so that all parts of the fuse the air currents emerging from the slots are subject. Surprisingly, it was found that even with a width of the air spreader, vcn

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.2.4 "m or more the fuse spreads evenly and that ~ also the outer edges of the fuse, where the -. 'Air resistance could be lower, essentially reach the same density' as the middle parts of the fuse _o ,

The air supply slots are preferred in cross-section. rejuvenates by following the; Become narrower towards the outlet » The taper can be symmetrical about an axis perpendicular to the surface of the path, so that the air is perpendicular to this Surface is blown, or the slits can be inclined, so that the air on the moving fuse one forwards or exerts a backward force »

The air in the filling chamber can, for example, have an overpressure 70 - 550 g / cm * It is also possible to use higher pressures of e.g. 7 kg / cm, but the are not economical. The pressure in the zone enclosing the fuse between the parallel walls is usually a little higher than atmospheric pressure "If .. the air is blown perpendicularly onto the surface of the web., v.läß.fedife air that the fuse one chi ieJ3 end e_-zone in the. general at both ends of this zone »For spreading out the fuse requires surprisingly little air * despite The walls of the zones of the air expander enclosing the fuse do not have to correspond to the fineness of 4-way strips lie close together. Very good results were achieved with a distance of 0.25 cm,

In the first stages of the spread of the fuse shows the Web streaking, i.e. narrow zones of high thread density alternate with zones of low thread density, which generally run in the longitudinal direction of the sliver track, but at a small angle of e.g .: .2. for the exact lengthwise direction The number of these strips corresponds to the number

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der burrs and grooves on the grooved roller with which the sliver is engaged. It has been found that the air diffusion, instead of increasing this stripline, largely eliminates it, and that the stripes can be removed by letting the air relax after the end of the last half of the propagation, preferential rates: in one Continuously moving flat catenary line. During its passage through the air spreader, the plane is generally under a slight amount of crimp, which is insufficient to remove the crimp in the threads. When relaxing the crimp or chain line, the crimp in the threads increases, but the width increases the web remains unchanged. The relaxed webs are fairly uniform, but often show some oaks with visibly changed thread length. The evenness of these products is, however, much greater than that of the usual uniform card webs made of staple fibers, which are produced on the most modern carding machines.

Eei the tracks according to the invention are all continuous Filaments in the same general direction in the length of the web. However, if you are not a lindes A piece of any particular thread considered as a whole, but rather the individual crimps of the same, the result is that most parts of the thread do not run in this general "longitudinal direction, but in a zigzag back and forth across this general direction, the ripples have such an amplitude that for any particular Thread the portion of the crimp on one side (which may be referred to as the crest of the crimp) one or more covers adjacent threads while the part of the crimp on the other side (referred to as the valley of the crimp .be) one or more adjacent threads are covered on this other side. This coverage carries

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to give the railways their ability to cohesive. The threads of the web can, for example, have a crimp have whose amplitude (from a mean line., the runs in the same direction as the thread) is approximately in the range of 0.2 - 8/0 mm., with this amplitude from this middle line to the apex of a ridge or to the bottom of a valley is measured «Da per cm the width of the web, for example, 100 or more threads can be present and since the crimps are not in There is a considerable overlap, the threads in the web «___

If after examining the crimps a slightly larger., but still a short portion of any particular thread containing multiple crimps may be tested it can be established that these parts are not perfect are parallel to the longitudinal direction of the web., but with the same small angle -include, .which'your direction, and resize along the length of the thread »In general these angles are less than 20 °, although for very short parts of for example 1 cm the angle can sometimes be larger ».

The overlap of the crimps and the overlap due to the presence of the angularly arranged short parts just described contribute to the cohesiveness of the web, so that it can easily be handled as a unitary structure in spite of its delicacy cover the presence of the ripples and the angled short members to each other is, however, "the ratio of the straight-running pieces of the individual threads of the pieces of the same filaments in the web is not very large is less than about 1.5 ° 1 and greater than; 1.1: I _3, for example 1.2; 1 to l, h% 1 », this

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Ratio can be measured by cutting a measured piece of web by cutting the individual Sutures of the cut piece are removed and by measuring their lengths while applying tension are subjected to just sufficient to remove the curl. The results are then expressed as the ratio between the measured lengths of the individual threads and the length of the web used.

As for the denier per thread and the total denier, it should be noted that the following the number assumed for the rovings of the webs is the denier for the threads before crimping. With regard to the however, the denier reported is based on actual, not straight, yarns made from the webs running lengths.

Advantageously be spread out the webs in such a degree that _v 'cei kept constant length of web does when attempting to further spread) the web against such propagation strong resistance and returns to its previous width., For example, if a curve is recorded, the refers to the air pressure in the spreader (as the ordinate) to the degree of lateral expansion of the moving web, it can be determined that essentially no additional pressure is required to effect the expansion to a certain width, whereupon the required air pressure rises steeply . The web} ^c Oess which this sudden change occurs is referred to as potential web density, web density This potential changes depending on the type of fuse used and in particular in dependence on the degree of entanglement and crossing of the Luntenfäden. In general, optimal slivers have potential web densities of less than 34 g / m and often of

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less than 17 g / m on, surprisingly it was found, that orbits with such densities are easily handled can and without dissolution or division during the ordinary Handling or folding preserve their unity.

In the manufacture of laminates from a number of layers of the webs, it has been found that the laminates made from those webs whose actual web densities are less than 2 / m have strength and are much easier to handle without the risk of shifting the layers, as laminates with the same total weight, which are made from webs with greater densities. In addition, the laminates made from low-density sheets are thicker and more elastic per unit weight than the laminates made from high-density sheets. In general, it is highly desirable to use a web whose actual density is less than 4/3 times, preferably less than 6/5 times the potential web density. The laminates which are produced by laying successive layers of the light webs are - much more cohesive than the laminates which are produced by similar laying of card webs from staple fibers =

The webs can with'other sheet-shaped materials such as woven stiff linen or a knitted fabric, for example a tricot fabric; or a carded fleece made of staple fiber or with any other underlay material, such as sponge rubber, leather., Paper or plastic film,

The tracks, especially those made by using air spreaders generated webs, are particularly suitable for

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Connection with lightweight paper by beispielsv;. Else a single layer of such a web by an appropriate adhesive such as polyvinylacetate Z ₀ is connected to a single layer of the paper "The use in this caused by the web reinforcement is extremely effective, , while the cost of the paper is only slightly increased, the web-bearing side of the joint having a pleasantly soft feel.

A web of cellulose acetate filament of one denier

of 5, which weighs 3 * 5 g / m and j52 threads per cm of width contains, "can for example be glued to a layer of tissue paper.

The webs can be formed into laminates of any desired thickness by using a. Layer of Web is deposited on top of another by loose folding, linear laying or laying in the transverse direction, or by the web is wrapped around itself e.g. on a round core or on an endless belt. The train can for example in a continuous process., which follows the relaxation, can be brought onto a moving endless belt so that it goes around the belt runs and on the same during a corresponding number of revolutions of the movement of the belt one of several Layers of laminate formed without interrupting the movement of the web or belt the deposited layers are cut, for example along a line running upstream of the place where the web is deposited on the belt, the multi-layer laminate can be pulled off the belt, whereupon a new process of depositing and removal begins. At a In other methods, several webs are fed to a zone in which they are combined one on top of the other The laminates can be transverse to the planes of the

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individual webs are sewn or they are treated in some other way to make the threads in the laminates to connect more firmly if desired, The laminates formed from lightweight webs can

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without sewing or other connecting treatment for example

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wise for filling pillows., scarves, cushions, upholstery., Insulating pads or sanitary towels can be used »

During the sewing process, the laminate is generally passed through a loom using the usual Hook needles is provided, 'which are perpendicular to the surface of the Laminate are moved back and forth and serve to Part of the threads from each horizontal lane upwards or move down so that these parts align with the Interweave the threads of the neighboring strips ... The laminate can be passed through the loom several times and is turned over after each round. As a result of Crimps in the filaments can subject the filaments to considerable expansion into the adjacent layers without a contracting effect being exerted on the entire laminate. Rather, it became observed that the width of the laminate increases as a result of piercing with the needles. It can-the looms used to sew the staple fiber laminates. ;

The orbits * in particular those generated by the spread of air Tracks are particularly suitable for making yarns = it is relatively easy to put the track in to divide a series of narrow ribbons, each of which contains the desired number of threads. If the Threads made of cellulose acetate or another thermoplastic material can be divided by a Series of hot wires that are perpendicular or under

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at a different angle to the plane of the web and spaced apart across the width of the web lying =, from one web., containing 50 cellulose acetate threads per cm of width with the denier of 5 contains, for example, yarns with the denier of 640 can be obtained by placing the hot wires 2.5 cm apart, with the cut ribbons if desired, twisted to give them a rounder shape »A twist of up to four Twists per cm, for example, can be made depending on the thickness of the yarn and the desired use the sameο As mentioned earlier, parts of the threads are present, which cross other threads and which at small angles to the left and to the right to the general Direction of the threads of the spread web are arranged. The hot wires will of course become these threads cut through so that the yarn produced will have some thread ends which will look the same of staple fiber yarns. Since the crimped threads in the web are mismatched, the yarns produced in this way are very voluminous = ■

When the webs are made from threads of high tensile strength, for example more than 2 g per denier, as is the case with threads made from terephthalate esters, devices other than hot wires are advantageously used for cutting. For example, a series of anvil rolls, known in the art, consisting of revolving cutting disks alternating on parallel axes, with the sides of the disks in close contact with one another, can be used. These disks have a scissor-like effect on those threads that pass between the rollers. A web which can have 340 threads of polyalkylene terephthalate with a denier of J> per cm of width

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for example the anvil rolls arranged side by side are fed to the web in strips of 2.5 cm Width to be cut = The strips can be wound up on a ring spinning machine, for example a twist of 1/2 to 1 twist per cm granted / around a hairy, voluminous and very strong yarn with a To produce denier of 266o = The anvil roller arrangement can also be used to cut webs from weaker Threads are used «A product is obtained, that is free of the occasional melt zones formed when hot wires for thermoplastic filaments, ζ-B. made of cellulose acetate.

The webs can be easily converted into porous fabrics similar to stiff linen, and can do so quickly and easily It seems that the previous formation of yarns or knitting, knotting, weaving or some other systematic interlacing of yarns would be necessary. This can be extremely effective Manner by moving parts of the threads to places that are in the lateral direction and in the Longitudinal direction of the web lie at a distance from each other, so that the railway is given a sample in which the Openings that are spaced from each other (dch, areas, which contain no threads or in which the thread density is much lower than the average thread density of the web) and dense areas, in which the thread density is generally considerably greater than that average thread count of the web. This pattern in the web is in some way corresponding to that explained below, fixed or specified to the Sexton to make more or less permanent.

One method of applying the 'pattern is to that the web is guided under tension over a heated drum, the numerous, spaced apart

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Has lying projections. The tension of the web presses the threads into the spaces between the protrusions. so that openings are formed in the web, where the protrusions pass through it while the heat of the drum fixes the threads in their new arrangement. It has been found that this patterning process works with great Speed can be run, especially because the webs according to the invention for under high tension operations to be performed associated with such a high-speed operation are appropriate.

The pattern and the type of path created can go through Change of shape and the. Distance of the projections

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For example, pyramidal or frustoconical projections can be used, the projections being correspondingly narrower towards their outer ends in order to facilitate the penetration into the web and the spreading of the threads for the purpose of forming the openings in the web. An array of square pyramidal projections can be used to create a web with substantially square openings that closely resembles a loosely woven fabric. Likewise, an array of frustoconical projections can be modified _; a web to bilden- in which the openings round or oval are, when using a drum., which has a coming with the web into engagement surface with elongated projections, which are obtained _r by the drum a stiff braided wire net is placed, elongated openings or slits are created in the web,

The openings in the web can also penetrate into the same in other ways than by contact with solid ones

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Elements can be produced »The railway can, for example be passed through a zone in which a pattern row of spaced rays of a corresponding Medium: (e.g. air or water) is directed at the same, around the parts of the ". threads that engage with these rays come, in the spaces-between, the rays to displace »The track can e.g. around a perforated drum be performed, whereby. Air through the holes in the drum is blown,. ■ - "

The number and size of the openings can be as desired Way can be changed, for example, it can be approximately

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2-20 openings per cm are formed, the diameter being the openings are 0.25-0.8 cm.

The fixation of the pattern in the web can be effected by heat ". Preferably enough heat is applied ₃ to cause the threads to adhere to one another" However, if the web contains those types of thermoplastic threads which are permanently bent by the action of heat such as threads made of polyethylene terephthalate, a patterned structure / without surface adhesion can be achieved through this action of heat « to bring into a potential adhesive state by applying a heat-activatable adhesive or a plasticizer to the web, which serves to lower the softening temperature of the thread surfaces. Such a treatment is preferably carried out before the patterning process, but it can also take place at the same time as or after the same "·"

It is advantageous to offset the openings so that the threads, which usually run in the longitudinal direction of the web, are evenly distributed around these openings can. The deviation from the thread direction caused by the formation of the openings can essentially be the same for all threads =

During the formation of the porous fabric, the degree of fusion of the threads can be regulated in the desired manner will. When a limited amount of the plasticizer or other binder is used and the working tension it is regulated so that the crimp in the threads is not removed during the patterning process due to the mismatched crimps, contact between the threads only at the spacing points lying apart and the threads will only stick to these points. Looking for a train crimped cellulose acetate threads can, for example, 6% by weight of a plasticizer, such as ζ, Bo Triazetin ^ be applied. The pattern of the web and the adherence of the threads can take place at 160-165 ° C =

Porous fabrics produced in the described manner can be used, for example, for bandages, towels, filters. Diapers, sanitary napkins and dusters are used "

The adhesive, the plasticizer or another binding agent can be applied by means of rotating panes whose axes are parallel to the direction in which the web is moving. So that the disks lie in planes perpendicular to the plane of the path. The edges of these rotating discs plunge continuously into a bath of the binding agent and throw a very fine mist of small particles through the effect of centrifugal force

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Droplets of the binder evenly onto the surface the train. This mist, unlike that from the usual spray guns, does not contain any essential air.

■ -flow ¹ unites and does not blow the translucent web of material out of its straight path. A more uniform and better regulated application of the binding agent is therefore achieved. Of course, the same method of application can be used if the web carrying the binder is to be used to form laminates in the manner described above light path viird connected to produce ₉ to a coarse moderately stable light structure which has a soft surface =, Such products are

For example for sanitary napkins. Bandages and decorative Fabric. Usable. The easy train can therefore with a Binders, e.g. a plasticizer, are treated and then, if desired under pressure, in close contact placed with the porous fabric and heated to make the web firmly adhere to the fabric. The binder can but only on the fabric or on the track and on that Tissue are applied. However, the binder can also only be applied to areas that are separate from one another.

The invention is particularly with regard to fuses described whose threads are made of polyethylene terephthalate cc: egg? made of cellulose acetate (with your usual acetyl content from, for example, $ 54-55, calculated as acetylic acid) exist. However, within the scope of the invention other fuses can also be used. = like ζ.B = those who are made from other polyesters (for example the polyesters of terephthalic acid and other glycols such as s.B. Diinethylolcyclohexan) -, linear superpolyamides

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(such as ζ.Bο nylon 6 or nylon 6,6), polyacrylonitriles and copolymers of acrylonitrile, olefinic polymers and copolymers, such as, for example _, isotactic polypropylene, other organic derivatives of cellulose, v / ie esters and / or ethers of cellulose, for example cellulose propionate and Cellulose acetate propionate or the like, highly esterified cellulose containing less than 0.29 free hydroxyl groups per anhydroglucose unit ™ ¹ ^ z. Bo cellulose triacetate, as well as rayon (regenerated cellulose) = The number of threads of the initial rivet is variable within wide limits and can be up to 1,000,000, with a denier per thread up to 25 * for example - from 1-2Oc The number of crimps per cm of the roving can be up to about 30, but for most of the end products described below, 1-20, preferably 1-8 crimps per cm of the starting rivet are considered sufficient "

Various embodiments of the Invention described in more detail in conjunction with the drawings, in which;

Fig =. 1 is a schematic representation of one type of device shows goblets can be used to convert a crimped continuous sliver into the goblets Form of a coherent extended band of considerable width,

Figo la is a cross section along the line Ia-Ia of the Figo 1 and shows details of a part of the slot opening device and the device for externalizing it the crimps of the device according to Fig. 1. '

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Pig "Ib is a view along the line Ib-Ib of Figo 1 and illustrates schematically the spreading device of the apparatus of Fig. I ₀

FIG _o 2 and 2a are schematic illustrations of the device Ziirn applying a binder to paths "through the device according to Figo 1 are shaped"

Figure J is a schematic representation of an apparatus to produce a folded or corrugated product from a web, applied to polygamy with a binding agent Korden is ... .

Fig. 4 shows in plan a path., On goblets Binder is applied cords in the form of separate points or small areas. :

Fig. 4a is a partially schematic representation of a Type of device for applying the binder, -die used in the device according to FIGS. 2 and 5 can to produce the path shown in FIG

FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of an apparatus for treating an animal caused by the apparatus according to FIG generated trajectory around it in a number of strips to share.

Fig. 6 is a schematic representation of an apparatus, which can be used to fold the web produced by the apparatus of Figure 1, i.e. linearly or to lay in the transverse direction.

Fig. 7 is a schematic representation of an apparatus, which can be used to reduce the flow through the device,

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to connect web produced according to Pig »1 with one or more additional layers of sheet material

Can be completed, and the FIG = 8 and 9 are schematic representations of a device ,, the verv for suturing or stapling of the web produced by the apparatus according to Figo 1

FIG. 9a is a view taken along line 9a-9a of FIG. 8 and 9 "

Figure 10 is a schematic representation of an apparatus. which can be used to cut a web into sections of desired length =

Figure 11 is a schematic representation of an apparatus for joining multiple webs together Device according to Fig = 6 treated, have been-

Fig. 12 is a schematic representation of an apparatus for connecting a folded or corrugated sheet and a pair of flat sheets to each other "

13 shows a schematic on a larger scale Representation of a part of the lamellar material produced by the device according to FIG. 12 ο

14 is a schematic view of a sliver opening and air diffusion process.

Fig. 15 shows a cross section through an air expander., 16 shows the arrangement of the slots in the air spreader.

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Pig 17 shows the Ge saint arrangement of the slots of the Air spreader,.

Fig. 18 is a view similar to Fig. 17 and shows a modified arrangement of the slots.,

19 schematically illustrates a method for Manufacture of pillows.

FIG. 20 schematically illustrates a method for joining the lightweight webs to a paper web.

Fig. 21 illustrates a method of manufacture one -perforated. Gev; ebes from one track *

Fig. 22 shows details of the surface of a drum> which is used when punching a web to produce a perforated fabric,

23 illustrates a method of dividing a Track z \: corner formation of several yarns.

FIG. 24 shows part of the device according to FIG. 2J in plan

Fig; 25 illustrates a method of connecting a Eahn with a card fleece made of staple fibers.

Fig 2β vex ε · ηschaulicht- a method for laying a Web in the transverse direction to form a laminate esy which is then sewn,

Figure 27 is a schematic view of an embodiment the web forming device,

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According to Pig-1, a continuous sliver 10 Taken from a supply 11 and guided via a guide 12 through a band-forming nozzle 13 »In this nozzle (which can be omitted if desired) -will become the Subjected to the action of compressed air, making the ordinary strand-like fuse is formed into a relatively narrow flat ribbon. After leaving the nozzle 13, the Fuse 10 of the action of a sliver opening device 14 subject. which two pairs of parallel and equal contains long steel rollers 15 and 16, which are arranged one behind the other and between which the fuse is passed will. As Fig, la clearly shows, the roller 15 of each pair is provided with two rows of inclined ridges 15a and grooves 15b, which are helical in opposite directions from the center around the roller to the opposite ones Ends run. The roller 16 of each pair has a smooth surface and is on the outside thereof provided with a sleeve made of rubber or similar elastic material.

Although Fig. 1 shows only two pairs of rollers 15, 16, can in practice only one pair or three or more pairs of rollers may be used, depending on the physical properties of the thread roving to be processed.

After leaving the device l4, which the fuse opens and brings the crimps in the individual threads out of alignment to form a flat cohesive one To form tape, the sliver 10 is guided under a tension of less than 4.5 kg over a spreading device 17, in which the width of the tape is increased considerably to the desired value. The one in the device According to Fig. 1 used spreading device 17 is in Fig. Ib

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represents schematically and consists of several upwardly arched or curved rails 17a-17e of progressively greater length, which at their opposite ends of two diverging frame parts 17 ^! be worn. For obvious reasons, the spreading device 17 is arranged so that the shortest rail 17a, the length of which is approximately equal to the width of the opened sliver 10, is closest to the outlet end of the sliver opening device 14. By moving the sliver tape across and in contact with the rails 17a-17e, its width is increased considerably so that the resulting web 10 'can be 2 m or more wide. -. '',

As already mentioned, the path can be one or more ■: ". Be subjected to final treatments by which the same be prepared for eventual use in the manufacture of a large number of different end products target. However, the type and complexity of the final treatment depend on the type of material to be processed Threads, from the physical properties that-in the end products to be produced are desired, as well as the (mechanical and / or chemical) properties of the aids, materials and devices used in carrying out these treatments,

Around the web without the aid of additional leaf-shaped To stabilize materials, the web 10 'of Fig.;. Γ passed through an application device 18 (FIGS. 2 and 2a), in which a binding agent is applied to the web will «The device for applying the binder on the web can consist of a spray system, a bath or a roller system and can be designed so that the binder is applied to one or both sides of the moving web., It is easy to understand

"■■■ '■ BAD

209 82 4/0767

that the binder is a plasticizer or a solvent for the thermoplastic material from which the Threads exist, or a corresponding adhesive connection., which is compatible with the thermoplastic material. For cellulose acetate threads, for example, a plasticizer, such as triethyl citrate, dimethoxyethyl phthalate, methyl phthalylethyl, glycolate and glycerol triacetate (Triazetine) or a solvent such as acetone can be used, while for polyester threads chloral hydrate and various synthetic polymer emulsions are most effective. - ·

So that the highest possible production speeds can be achieved, the binder should be quick be hardening or quick drying. For this purpose, the web can after leaving the device 18 through a heated drying chamber, 19 (Fig. 2) or a against the air open frame 20 (Fig. 2a) when the binder is air dried before the web the receiving point 21 is supplied. The total amount of binder applied per unit of web can e.g. 2-200 $ of the dry basis weight of the Orbit and is advantageously limited to $ 5-100. The basis weight of the web is mainly dependent on the initial properties, i.e. the total denier number and the number of deniers per thread of the initial rivet, as well as the degree of opening and expansion of the same o For all practical purposes, the speed of movement vcm treason 11 to the receiving point 21 during a certain Operation depending on the requirements of the binder application device and the drying chamber determined and limited only by the same,

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 2a, the stabilized web 10 "of the sutures flat until further use

BATH OP?; - 0

20SI24 / 0767

on. a roller to be wound = In this case it is _; . ^: "displayed., the stabilized thread-like material with a sheet of non-sticking paper ο." wind up ". · '.. this prevents the turns of the web from sticking to one another during storage. However, the stabilized filament-like material may, immediately after leaving the ^"Trpckenzone be received in the mold 19 or £ 0 ^:: · - used for the preparation of the final end product: is required ₀ The web 10" may advantageously preparing, ~ solieher products are used, such as industrial '. Air and liquid filters, from bale pulling belts and: ",.;. Fabrics that can be formed or calendered ,, with ■; goblets a certain degree of tensile strength and the ability to retain the shape are important properties. ■"', .... "■■ ■""■ .. .V; -'" .-

"The treatment of the web Fig.- j> shown Art 10 be applied :. In this arrangement, the web 10 ^'is." ■ .. fed by conveyor rollers of a gland 22 - know a fuller material desired, which can in at the inlet of which folding devices working in the opposite direction act on the web, such as, for example, two alternating reciprocating rods 2p _} a star wheel folder (not shown) or the like Structure 24 converted; that when passing through the. Stuffing box is compressed so that it is called a ".""considerably fuller web 2k '. exits the VCN in a' large number of products for use as a laminate ^ CDER padding very suitable actual V / hen the 'outlet 22' of the gland is heated, the web may be ^10: characterized in their folded form 24 ^{j are} stabilized, lis-t in that the threads either harden or are fused together at their crossing points.

209 82Λ / 0 78 7 bath

If the web has previously been passed through a device 18 for applying a binding agent (indicated by broken lines in FIG. 3), the heated portion 22 'effects the stabilization of the web 2k ' in the same way as the heated one shown in FIG Drying chamber 19 · Of course, several elements 10 'can be inserted into the stuffing box 22 at the same time.

For certain applications it is desirable to apply the binding agent in the device 18 to only part of the total surface of the web 10 '. For this purpose, the application devices in the device 18 according to FIG. 4a consist of a system of form rollers 25 and 26 between which the web is passed, The roller 25 has a smooth surface, but the roller 26 cooperating with it is in the form of a gravure roller and, in the illustrated embodiment, has a plurality of projections 26a of any desired shape distribution provided, the binder 27 is applied to the roller 26 from a reservoir 27a through a series of transfer rollers 28th the ayf thus produced card web with aligned continuous filaments (for example of circular cross-section ^N 'and is shown in FIG = k shown schematically, from which can be seen that the binder is spread across the surface of the web 10 ^! in the form of a plurality of separated Points or circular areas 27 ^! is distributed, which are arranged in a plurality of mutually perpendicular rows and columns. The points or areas 27 ^! in any particular row or column are offset relative to the points or areas in the next adjacent row or column and two adjacent points or areas in each row that are transverse to the orientation of the

209824/0767 bad οκβι »«.

Thread extends _s overlap slightly the lateral boundaries .the points or areas of the intermediate column, which erstrecktv in the longitudinal direction of the threads

The new fleece-like fabric with continuous threads, which is produced by this point binding process, has excellent textile properties, such as soft feel, flexibility or drape, as well as the three-dimensional appearance of woven fabrics ^. is applied, the 'fabric is stable in size, although it is still flexible in all directions. Such non-woven fabrics of great softness are particularly advantageous for the manufacture of a large number of personal use certain products such as. Dressings, table napkins, towels, diapers Ό «the like. _χ as well as for a large number of other products, such as cassette inserts, cigarette filter materials and special fabrics for curtains. ■ ^:

As already mentioned, this is dry. Basis weight of a web 10 'essentially depends on the initial total denier number, the denier number per thread, the degree of crimp, as well as the extent of the opening and spreading of the "starting sliver" with a sliver which has a certain total denier number, a certain denier number per thread and has a certain number of crimps per cm, the lowest possible web density can therefore only be achieved if the sliver is spread out to the highest possible extent o For the production of webs with a much smaller width, but with the same density from the same sliver, the Web 10 'can be subdivided into narrower bands 29, as shown for example in FIG. 5. Such a device preferably consists of a housing made of plastic or a similar insulating material, through which the web 10 ^? .. ''. 2Q9824 / Q767 "';-' badof

is passed through, the outlet opening for the web 10 ° is formed by an elongated slot JOa., the is dimensioned so that it allows free passage of the track. "On the housing 30 are two small metal rails cder plates 31, 32 rigidly attached to the plastic are embedded along the top and bottom edges of the slot 30a. These elements are in vertical Direction arranged in pairs and connected to corresponding (not shown) devices which, on the corresponding pairs of the plates 31, 32 electrostatic Can bring potentials of 100,000 V or more to the effect. In this way, across the slot 30a generated electrostatic fields collect the threads in the desired plurality of relatively narrow bands 29 ° between the bands 29 lying scattered Threads can be eliminated by arranging (not shown; circumferential cutting devices) that are attached to adjoin the slot 30a =

Each of the ribbons 29 formed in this way can be processed and given a finishing treatment ^ as described above with respect to web 10 ', e.g., the application of a binder: As a result of their small dimensions, the bands 29 are but easily suitable for forming other products. For example, these ribbons can be twisted to make ropes to form = The twist can be fixed if desired are either by applying a binder or by a heat treatment, if the threads from a consist in the heat-hardening material = the ribbons can also be formed into yarns, either without twisting or with a usual "twist" of up to 20 twists per cm, due to the presence of the Crimps, these yarns have a stretchability useful for making various clothes.

20 98 2 4/0767 bad optimal

The yarns with low twist form in particular Carpet yarns of excellent bulk if they have a sawtooth crimp »

In another embodiment of the invention, the web 10 can ^{: be introduced} into a folding or laying device 33- (PiS- 6) which is arranged on a support 35 above the upper run of an endless conveyor belt 34 for the purpose of reciprocating movement. The device 33 can be moved back and forth along the support 35 either in a direction parallel to the direction of movement of the belt 34, which is indicated by the double arrow A-, or in a direction running transversely to the direction of movement of the belt, i. h = - at an angle of up to 90 ^J to the same, as indicated by the double arrow B. In each.! In this case, appropriate devices are provided, cups regulate the speed of movement of the device 33 relative to the feed speed of the belt 34. With the help of such an arrangement, the web 10 ' will be continuous on the upper run of the belt in the form of ■■ '■ lic ilen, _r with several layers: structure 36 .abgelagert · "If the -Verrichtung 33 parallel to the belt 34 moves-, all the threads are aligned in each layer in the longitudinal direction of the web and therefore linear in.. "-. However, if the direction of feed of the web is moving, the device 33 'moves across the belt, the threads in each layer are oriented at an angle to the direction of feed of the web and of course also at an angle to the threads in the next Layers; The number of "layers per unit length of the web 36 or the angle of the .laying. in the. Cross direction is through the. relative speeds' 5 ^ r. Movement, of the belt .34 "'" and of the laying device- 33 · determined,' scvi.id 'by the.-L-Jinkei- ^ caiischeh- the direction. ■ de.5 feed and the direction of movement of the pick-up belt,

209 824/07 67

The multilayer structure 36, either linearly or transversely laid, may, after exiting the apparatus of FIG. 6, be subjected to further treatments to make it suitable for use in making particular end products. The multilayer web 36 can be taken up immediately in a form suitable for product manufacture., Ζ, B = in the form of a roll. If a linearly laid web j56 is to be formed into a roll, it can of course only be wound up in the longitudinal direction, ie around an axis perpendicular to the thread orientation

o as a result of the inclined position of the layers as well

- in the width direction as well as in the length direction be wound up. Loosely recorded webs of this type, i.e. webs that are used to stabilize their outer Dimensions that have not been addressed are particularly useful for relatively static products such as as a filling for pillows, scarves, cushions, upholstery, insulating pillows and sanitary towels =.

If a higher degree of dimensional stability is required, the laid web 36 can be made by an apparatus of the type which is denoted by 18 in FIGS. 2 and 2a, so that a binding agent is applied to the same can be applied = if desired, the membrane can be used. the point binding shown in Figures 4 and 4a be provided. Of course, the binder can be applied to the web 10 'before the same is laid linearly or in the transverse direction to ensure that the threads are not only on the outside the laid web 36, but also on the contact surfaces of the adjacent layers of the same are bound.

BAD OT ^ 20982 4/0767

If the use of a binder appears undesirable or cannot impart the desired physical properties to the final product, the laid web can be passed through a stapling and / or sewing device 37 (Fig. 8) or 3.8 (Fig. 9). in which the web is either stapled or sewn in the transverse direction at regular intervals., as indicated at 39 in Fig. 8, or in a single or multiple zigzag pattern, as shown at 40 and 40a in Fig The web 36 introduced into the stapling or sewing device is generally first passed through a slack absorbing device, which is shown schematically in FIGS. 8, 9 and 9a and which consists of three guide rollers 41, 42 ;. and 43, of which the middle roller 42 is displaceable in the vertical direction relative to the stationary rollers 41 and 43, as indicated in FIG. 9a with broken lines to take up the slack in the web 36 while it is stationary or moving in the stitching or sewing device 37 or 38 during operation of the same at a reduced speed. Of course, the staggered zigzag stitching or stapling the sheet, indicated at 40a in Figure 9 _0, to form a _Quilt: pattern to be used "

The size stabilized laid webs 36 are particularly useful in the manufacture of products that are intended for relatively dynamic applications, such as dry or wet mopping cloths, grinding, polishing, Cleaning and friction pads, air, gas -. ,, and liquid filters,., Reinforcements for other types of relatively weak or unstable sheet materials and in particular

:. " ' BATH

20982A / 0767

for the usual unbonded fleeces, industrial Ri one and Supporting fabric., Ball pull cords, outer wear and Intermediate fabrics, blankets and papermaker's felts, which stabilized However, webs are not limited to these products and can also be used for static applications above can be used in conjunction with unstabilized laid webs.

The webs, both of the single layer type denoted 10 'and the multilayer type denoted 36 , can be bonded with one or more layers of the same or different sheet material. As shown in FIG. 7 , the web 10' or 36 in the direction. of arrow C are fed to a pair of calender rollers 44, 45, to which another sheet-like material 46 is fed at the same time, which is removed from a supply roll 47. v; o a binder is applied to that surface which will come into contact with the web 10 'or 36 before it reaches the calender rolls 44,45. The sheet-like material 46 can consist, for example, of woven stiff linen, of a tricot fabric or another knitted fabric, of a card web made of staple fiber or of sponge rubber, leather, paper or plastic film ^. or 36 may be in an unstabilized state or it may be stabilized in the manner described above. As the web 10 'or 36 and the coated sheet material enter the entry point of the calender rolls 44, 45 together, they are combined into a unitary laminar structure 50 which can then be received in any desired manner for storage or further use .

BATH

200824/0767

Wenri the sheet-like material. 46 one of the web 10 ^! or similar web, one or both webs can be monolayer, they can be linear or laid in the transverse direction and they can be stabilized beforehand by binding means, sewing or stapling or by leveling. In particular, if both webs are of the same type. That is, if both are laid linearly or in one layer, they should preferably be laid one on top of the other in such a way that the threads of adjacent sections lie at right angles to one another in the transverse direction. . ".

As previously indicated, the Larrellier process can comprise more than two webs or layers. This is shown schematically in FIG. 11, according to which three webs X, Y and are = the devices 51 and 53 may produce, for example linearly laid webs, while performing 52 generates a down in the cross direction of web or 'reversed * the resulting webs X ^f, Y ^ and ^Z? can then be a pair of calender rolls 54, are supplied to 55 and a stitching or sewing device 56 which sews or sews in parallel rows or in single or multiple zigzag lines in the manner illustrated in Figures 8 and 9 to produce various stitching or stitching patterns as desired , for example, a quilt pattern of the laminar structure. If necessary, the devices 51j 52 and 53 can be used as devices for applying a binding agent be educated, alone. " or together with the above-described means for linear laying or for laying in the transverse direction. Lanes X and Z can be selected from the lanes according to the invention

209 824/0767

exist, while the web Y can be a conventional card web made of staple fiber or a woven or knitted fabric. However ^{, panel Y can also consist of panel 10f} or 56, while panels X and Z use a natural or synthetic woven or knitted fabric, such as, for example, tree gauze, nylon fabric or a tricot fabric made of cellulose acetate. In each of the above cases For example, tracks X, Y and Z may consist of multiple layers arranged in any desired manner.

In the same way, a laminar structure can be formed from a folded web 24 'of the type shown in FIG. This is best shown in FIG. The bound or unbound web 10 ^; "is introduced into the stuffing box 22 via the conveyor rollers with the aid of the folding members 23 as before. At the same time, two strips of sheet material 46 'and 46" are placed on the opposite sides. the sides of the loosely folded sheet 24 into the gland. The sheet materials 46 'and 46 "may be made of stiff linen or any other material designated 46 in FIG 'while simultaneously bringing the ribbons of sheet material 46' and 46 "into intimate contact with the opposite" sides of the web 24 '. In general, either web 10' has previously been passed through a device 18 for applying a binder or the belts 46 ' and 46 "are" passed through corresponding applicator roller systems 49. The device 18 and the roller systems 49 are only shown in FIG. 12 with broken lines to indicate that in each case only the device or systems are used In this way, in the heated section 22 'there is a firm adherence of the ligaments of the

209824/0767

BAD G3;

sheet material on web 24 '

The composite structure obtained, which is partially shown in FIG. 13 on a larger scale, can then be brought to any receiving point for storage or further treatment. Of course, in the device according to FIG. 12, several webs 10 can be inserted into the stuffing box one behind the other in order to be "arranged" between the opposing bands of the sheet material 46 'and 46, or only a single band of the sheet material can be used and can only be joined to one side of the folded sheet 2k- ₉ 24 '' made up of a single ^{sheet 10?} or can consist of several webs lying one behind the other. The operating speed of the folding device 23 and the relative feed speeds at which the web 10 ^! and the tape or tapes 46 ', 46 "in the stuffing box"22.' introduced., determine the final basis weight. ,, ie the mass per unit length of the laminar structure »

Laminar structures of the type described are for production suitable for a large number of different products, such as "B *

bead

Fabrics for vehicle construction, tire protection strips, laminates for furniture and pillows, intermediate linings, insulating laminates, Wall board reinforcements and covers, filters, blankets and clothing fabrics, Sealing materials, laminated textiles, carpets, underlay cushions, artificial leather;

A lane VJ which is based on one of the above-described Ways: is made, can also be illustrated in the in Figo 10 Manner by being fed to a cutting device 57 in which the web 'Can be cut into; pieces of certain length, the

■ '. ■ - ■ ". Device

20982 4/0767 ^BAD

"consists for example of two endless belts 58 and 59, the upper strands of which are arranged essentially in the same plane and their adjacent ends in one such a distance from each other that two cooperating cutting blades 60 and 6l in the vertical direction can be moved back and forth = the cutting device is preferably provided with a stretching device 62., which is designed so that it can take up any slack in the web moved by the cutting device., see above that the conveying movement of the web is brought to a standstill during the cutting process,

Pigs 14 to 27 of the drawings are described in more detail in the following examples, the preferred one Embodiments of the invention illustrate "From These examples show that very easy paths with a weight of 5-35 g / m can be obtained. Such webs are suitable for a wide variety of uses, but the invention can also be used for manufacture use heavier and lighter tracks *

example 1

A roving of continuous filaments of polyester with a total denier of 220,000 and a denier of 5 * 0 per thread is represented by the one shown in FIG Device for opening the fuse and bringing it out of sync of the crimps passed through. The device has a first pair of rollers that interact with rotate at a speed of approximately 19 * 5 m / min, and a second pair of rollers rotating at a speed of approximately 27 m / min. The received The open fuse is in the form of a ribbon of about JO cm

201124/0787

ba

T560712

Broad. . This will be the opened sliver with a Spannung-, from about 2 John g over a spreader 17 of the kind shown in Figure 1 _s out the five curved rails 17a-17e having = The path generated is approximately 100 cm wide and weighs about - " 28 g / m "The web is fed to a reading device and formed in the same into a multilayered structure laid in the transverse direction * The latter is then wound up to form a laminate for pillows ^ which has a weight of 366 g and is characterized by Total . -drückbarkeit and regenerating properties with; the * usual cushion layer fabrics from staple fiber in a convenient Keise comparable ^=: --.-...

Example 2

The \ ^r organg of Example 1 is placed -wiederholt- linear except daß.die web / Kissenschicht- 'stcffej the. are formed from approximately 2 - 3 m long layers of this material and each weigh 366 g, are significantly superior to the - cushion layer materials made of staple fibers - compressibility, regeneration and durability »._ ■ - _: .-- ■ :.

Example 3 ·; . _'__ '■ _ .

A fuse with continuous threads made of polyester with a Total denier of 225,000 and a denier of 5.0 per thread - is processed as in Example 1 to produce a To form a web that has a width of approximately 70 cm and a weight of about 35 g / m before it becomes linear

20 9 8 2 4/07 67

-ίο ■ - ■;

t S 6 0712

is placed. l6 such, orbits are then on the following Way on top of each other - layered in 4 lanes with in one Direction of aligned threads - / on, the same "8" lanes, the threads of which run in the transverse direction to the threads of the lower webs and on the same 4 webs, their threads to those of the lower tracks are parallel .. The unit is then made in a plurality of passages in that direction the thread of the upper and lower courses with 400 strokes each

Sewn two minutes, -dh mit.1-2 stitches per cm and with a feed rate of 0.94 cm between the consecutive strokes * The Nähverrichtung is set for a penetration of the needles in the laminate having a depth on the opposite _sides: 1.6-1.9 cm. The resulting laminate with continuous thread is favorably comparable with a sewn laminate made of staple fiber of appropriate dimensions with regard to the properties of bulk, thickness, resistance to abrasion and air permeability. It has also been found that the sewn continuous filament laminate has a tensile strength of $ 34-40 greater than that of the staple fiber laminate and requires a force of $ 15-20 greater to remove a tuft, which is reflected in the low inclination of the laminate with it continuous threads result in fraying when rubbed. In addition, the continuous filament laminate has been found to be completely free from the fiber migration problem associated with staple fiber laminates and has excellent washability, thereby enhancing its suitability for use in the manufacture of blankets or garments. This laminate is also very suitable for use in the manufacture of filtration products, transport blankets and paper machine felts.

982 4/0 767 bath

- 4i -

■ '■ "■ ..":.; -. -: "" ... Example 4. ";.

A sliver with continuous threads of matt acetate, with a total denier of 40,000 and a denier of 1.6 per thread is processed on the device described above, the first pair of rollers rotating at a speed of 45 m / min and the second pair of rollers rotates at a speed of 66 m / min. The opened fuse is then spread out to a width of 50 cm by means of a spreading device with curved rails of the type shown in FIGS. 1 and 1b. The web formed in this way has a basis weight of 18 g / m 2. Part of this plane is passed through a chamber at a speed of 45 m / min, which contains a mist of triazetine as a binding agent. The bonded web obtained has a basis weight of 18 g / m 2. . ■■■■ "'l -.

.Example'5. {;; _: ■

Part of the web of Example 4 is in the same. Wise bound, but also at a temperature of 107 C-; calendered, with no other pressure than the Eerüh- -. rungsdruck the Kalanderi ^ alzen is subjected. It was

I: ■■■■ '.- ■■■

"Found- ^: that the bound web has a basis weight of 18 g / m. The web, - which has always been similar to the example. 4., can be used for products, such as underlay material, model material, for industrial support fabrics , as a cover for sanitary napkins, as a seedbed material, filtration fabric and reinforcement material for plastic films.. ■ "■ '■

209 8 2 4/07 87, bad original

Example 6

A sliver with continuous filaments of polyester with a total denier of 225,000 and a denier of 5) 0 per filament is opened in the same manner as described in the previous examples and spread into a web 100 cm wide, the first The roller pair of the sliver opening device rotates at a speed of 11 m / min and the second roller pair rotates at a speed of 19.4 m / min. This web is placed d _a nn ± _n the transverse direction to

to form a laminate that has a basis weight of 326 g / m and a width of 68.5 cm. Of the Laminate is placed between two layers of stiff cotton linen, on which both sides of the structure come with an adhesive consisting of an aqueous emulsion of a vinyl chloride polymer. In the end the entire laminated structure is dried by passing it through twice at a speed of 2 * 4 m / min passed through an infrared oven set at 160 ° C

2 will. The finished fabric has a weight of 738 g / m and at zero pressure a height of 5 cm. It was found., that it is free from fiber migration and that it is compressible in terms of its properties of regeneration and maintaining the filling in a favorable manner with is comparable to a corresponding laminate made of staple fiber. It is well suited for that use in the manufacture of upholstery fillings, air filters for ovens and air conditioning equipment, as well as for intermediate lining. -

BAD OHKaINAL

209824/070?

160Of12

'; : ■ · /; ^{■■■■■■■■:.} -; ■■% '■ * / ■■ - ■ ■■ --- SAMPLE 7 ■.

A sliver with / continuous threads made of polyester with a Gesfimtdenierzahl of 220 »000 and a denier count 'vcii 5.0 per thread is laid to a linear: web of-

_: ; 90 e-ni width processed. 3 sections of this train will be. / so layered that the threads of the middle panel run to the threads of the outer panels in the transverse direction. This unit with a weight of ° Λ. »5g / m is then. between "two layers of woven nylon fabric , which are attached by sewing a ^.: S: teppdec'.keninu's.te.rs in the size of: 12.9 cm; the finished structure has a considerable height and is washable and insulating · Properties .on, 'so that it is suitable for use in such

; Products is suitable, ■ such as Insulated robes, scarves>

'Quilts and sheets. It is free from fiber migration and compared to a corresponding structure Staple fiber very resistant to the removal of

■ tufts of fibers « ^r ; '. ; -i

^: · "" .- '■■ - ■ Example 8; '■

A fuse with continuous: threads of cellulose acetate with a total denier of 50,000 and a denier. vcn 3.2 per thread becomes in the circle described above to a path of. Processed 50 cm in width * Zx-iei sections of the web obtained are layered in such a way that the threads of each layer are perpendicular to the threads of the other layer. The Einheit.wird then through a Punktbin-Qungsvorrichtung in Fig. ^L \ a. Type shown passed through, which on the thread-like structure separate and overlapping circular areas of triazetine

2Ο9δ24 / 07δ7 ^BAD

which brings up about $ 25 of the total surface cover the structure. It was found that the bound - Fabric - has good strength properties both in the longitudinal direction and in the width direction, and is suitable for use in the manufacture of intermediate linings, wound dressings, towels and diapers. in the Compared to the previously known point-bound card webs from staple fiber it has been found that the point-bonded card web with continuous threads is free of Fiber migration and also with regard to the textile properties, such as softness, flexibility, drapery and height can be compared favorably with the fabrics made of staple fiber Is.

Example 9

The apparatus shown in Fig. 14 is used to open a sliver of continuous filaments of cellulose acetate having a total denier of 42,000 and a denier of 3.0 per filament and spread out into a ribbon, with filaments 3.5 crimps per filament cm = The sliver 63 removed from a supply 64 is drawn through a band-forming nozzle 65 , which consists of a cylinder 66 which is attached to the h. ^: ö: hest point has a longitudinally extending slot, and a curved guide surface 67, which is parallel to the adjacent cylinder surface and 0.25 cm away from the same, so that the sliver 63 between the guide surface 67 and the cylinder 66 passes. Compressed air is introduced into the interior of the cylinder 66 and exits as a flow from the slot of the cylinder. The slot is made at an angle such that the air flow has a core in a direction which

J 0 8 62 4/07 87 bad original

is opposite to the forward movement of the flow. Therefore, the 'emerging from the slot flow concludes with a set at the exit point of the cylinder tangential plane an angle of approximately J ₁ O a "That Luntenband 63, the now" about 20-cm wide, runs around stationary slide rails 68, 69 The rails are adjustable so that their angle to the horizontal can be changed to adjust the position of the belt on the parts of the device with which the belt comes into contact downstream of the rails. After leaving the rails 68, 69, the belt arrives at the entry point between a pair of rubber-coated rollers 70, 71 *, which are driven at a peripheral speed of 13.5 m / min then in the horizontal direction to the upper inlet point between a rubber-coated U-roller 72 and a threaded steel roller are driven. The screw threads of the steel roller are 5.6 turns per cm and are cut approximately 0.25 mm deep into the outer surface. The tape entering the entry point between the rollers 72, 73 is still about 20 cm wide = from these rollers the tape still arrives in the same horizontal plane to an air spreader 7 ² I- (see also FIGS. 15 and 16 ), which has a tape receiving slot 76 which is 60 cm wide and 10 cm long. The slot 76 receiving the tape is delimited by an upper wall 77 and a lower wall 78, which are 0.25 cm apart. Below the lower wall 78 is a filling chamber 79, the air below

ο ■ a constant pressure of 2S0 g / cm, which into the tape receiving slot 76 through louvers. SO ENTERS Each of these louvers is at the outlet end

20 9 8 2 4/0 78 7 _BM3

0.00175 cm wide and has, at the outlets an included angle of 45 °, each of these air vents is 12.5 cm long and according to Figs. 16 and 17 arranged so that the end of one slit in the direction of movement of the belt ■ is aligned with the end of the adjacent slot so that the air acts on the belt across the entire βθ cm of slot 76 width. The slots are arranged at small angles (of about 5) to the line perpendicular to the direction of travel of the belt, with the slots on opposite sides of the centerline of the spreader being mirror images; as Fig. 17 shows = If all slots are parallel and are at an angle to the vertical, it has been found that the tape has a tendency to deviate below ¹ the effect of the air from the straight path, so that the tape on one side of the Center line is decelerated and accelerated on the other side. Instead of the angled slots, the slots 80a according to FIG in a row in this direction of movement is aligned with the end of a slot in the adjacent row, so that the air acts on the tape over the entire 60 cm width of slot J6 without any substantial overlap of the slots =

The tape diverges evenly from its width of 20 cm on rollers 72, JJ to form a full-width web of 60 cm at the outlet of the spreader 7 ² I- with the inlet of the spreader approximately 30 cm. From the entry point of rollers 72, 73, the web is pulled through spreader 74 under the action of a pair of V / a ι ζ en 81, 82 and goes in S-shape around these rollers, el, ti. the

209824/0767

BAD ORiOINAL

Railway runs for 18o around the rubber-covered one Roller 8l, then goes through the inlet, put between the Rolls through it and then runs around for a further 180 ° the steel roller 82. The web keeps moving towards the rollers 81, 82 and around. same their width of 60 cm. The rollers 8l, 82 are with a Umfansgeschwihdigkeit-of 12.2 m / min driven. :

'From the bottom of the roll 82, the web then passes to the inlet of a Luftausbreiters 83 m in the horizontal direction is about 0.9 away from the roller 82nd and < _v which lies approximately 0.3 m below the underside of the roller 82, so that the path describes a flat curve which runs horizontally at the inlet of the spreader 8j5 with the ■; ■;.; - ■■ Except that the slot receiving the web is 125 cm wide, the spreader 83 is designed in the same way as the spreader 74 and is operated under the same air pressure as this = the web spreads in the horizontal Passage of the spreader 83 uniformly from j in which it reaches its width of 125 cm and then "maintains this width during its passage between a pair of rollers 84, 85, d> ie with a circumferential speed of 12j6 m / min are driven and serve; to spread the web through the! ¹ 83 to pull,, The roller 84 is covered with rubber, while the roller 85 is made of steel. Roller 82 ... The web goes in S-Fcrm around rollers .84., 85 and. falls in a free-hanging, flat chain line 86 on the surface of a wide, endless circle, which is moved in the horizontal direction, with: a velocity of 13 ^ 8 m / min is driven - A _

10982/4/0707

freely movable roller 88, which is attached to lever arms 89 pivoted at 90, extends over the entire width of the web lying on belt 87 to determine the shape and location of the catenary 86 and also to prevent any loose ends in the chain from being wrapped around the roller 85 lies (in the direction of movement "of the belt) 25 cm in front of the axis of the roller 85 ° The web lying on the belt 87 has a width of 125 cm and a weight of 5.05 g / m ^2. ■■;.

In the present example, the upper roller of each roller pair is pressed down and by frictional contact of the web with the lower roller of the pair driven by some drive means (not shown) is set in rotation.

Example 10

a) If the velocities of all the rollers and the belt about the 6faehe indicated in Example 9 values are increased, se _(that the speed of the rollers 84, 85, 109 m / min beträft, will substantially obtain the same product "Uberraschendervieise remain despite the

d
large increase in the speed at which the web is produced, the total volume of air used and all other conditions essentially unchanged,

b) If the speeds of all rollers and the belt are approximately 10 times the values given in Example 9

209824/0767 bad original

are increased j so that the speed of the rollers 84., 85 182 m / min is essentially the same product obtained as in the previous example 10a remain despite dor Tenfold increase in productivity the total volume of air consumed and all other conditions in the . 'essentially unchanged.

Hie production of laminates which for filling: suitable pillows and cushions, is an ^important: illustrates application of the invention, particularly when thread-like material is used made of polyester. Such cushions and cushions can be manufactured much more quickly than is possible with the usual methods used up to now, and they have better properties than the products which are filled with the usual polyester staple fiber. They are highly elastic, they keep them when in use, their resilience and their 'fullness are much longer and they show no tendency to become matted or shrinking during use or washing. "-. Relatively inexpensive device manufactured “From _: a single strand of the sliver can, for example, ■ easily produce β or more cushions per sliver. ν

Example 11

This example illustrates the continuous 'Use of a crumpled mass of the teeth during the cutting and pillow filling process, with the teeth of a The crease and fold zone is fed in at high speed.

209824/0787 bad

The stages of opening and spreading are the same as in Example 9j, with the exception that, after "exiting roller 85, the web passes between a driven conveyor roller and a freely moving roller and falls onto a barrier _P on which it can relax . The barrier consists of two doors that are pivoted on parallel horizontal pivot pins. The doors are held in the closed position with their edges in contact in some way the desired amount of the web has accumulated at the barrier formed by the closed doors, the doors are opened for a very short period of time, whereupon the folded and crumpled mass of the web can fall onto a slowly moving endless belt, which is, for example, at one speed from 15-18 m / min. The doors are then re-opened he closed and the standing with the crumpled mass associated end of the web is cut off by an ⁿ z.Bo electrically heated wire, which moves transversely to the end of the web. The wire can be attached to and move with one of the doors, or it can be separated and operated either independently or by movement of the door. The. Door actuators may be controlled by a valve operated by intermittent means, preferably means responsive to the amount of web deposited on the closed doors. The device can therefore immediately respond to the weight of the accumulated web. However, the device can also be effectively connected to the conveyor roller so that it is actuated when a certain length

209824/0767 bad okoinal

has been fed to the web 1st. by the number of. Revolutions of this roller is measured *, or the device 'may be connected to switching device. · The individual masses of the web on the slow' with a corresponding deposited moving belt _s can will ■ automatically filled with the hand "or in a pillowcase? ? ', λ as shown in Fig. IQ, for example. ·

Therefore, in contrast to Example 9 .the cutting · Püilyorgang will of Example 11 'aüsge- with a _material: ■ leads ^extending: not rapidly moved j and the train can / spread and the gate with very high-Γ. Speeds of, for example, 90-180 m / min can be supplied without increasing the 5τα \; τΛ, ^. Ζ * Μ.α ~ - ~~~ 'of the cutting and filling pre-cooking. ■' - ■ _ '"■ ··,. ,>

The stages of creasing the web and filling the crumpled wedges into the pillow cover can: essentially be carried out simultaneously by: inserting the web directly into the cover, -'- the web / can, for example, downwards into a guide tube ", for example into a tube with a downwardly conically tapered shape, in which the moving web folds in the longitudinal direction, and then into the cover, in this case the web can at the bottom of the cover wrinkled v.-eräeiij which serves as a stop , or an intermittently movable barrier between them can be placed directly above the cover.

In the practical implementation of this process, actuation at high speed is facilitated by the fact that devices which produce regular folds are dispensed with. The folded and crumpled mass produced in this way has any arrangement. To this extent, the lengths of the web between the folds;

2098 2 4/0787

~ ⁵² ~ 1580712

for example 2.5 - 10 cm »

In the finished pillow is the weight of the crumpled Baiin, of course, of the desired elasticity the * size-of the pillow depends «For the usual

from e.g. 52OQ- j8öO cm (for fine cushions from 50 «TO em) is the density of the wrinkled web advantageously 8-24 kg / m before it is put into the coating is filled »...--.

; Example 12

A particularly economical and effective method and a device for producing cushions from loosely received webs are shown in FIG. directly on the moving belt 8 ?. is formed Oer _etc. in Fig. 1 # shown. In this example, a stretched web of 120 cm width is shown from .piner fuse with drawn threads of iolyäthylehterephthälat with a total denier number of 128 * 000 and a denier number of 5 * 0 per thread in a manner similar to that described in Example 9,

■ '2
which weighs 11.8 g / m, the threads have 5 crimps per cm, »The percentage crimp in the initial roving is approximately. 60% and is expressed by

wherein means; _:

Lc is the length of any predetermined section the fuse or the train and

Ls the average length of the threads of that predetermined section, if the same under one

209824/0767

There is just enough tension, the ripple to eliminate"

The percent crimp of the belt 87 fed Orbit is about $ 38 <. '

The air in the cylinder 66 is under a pressure of 210 g / cm, the rollers 70, 71 are driven at 18 m / min and the rollers 72, 73 are driven at 30.6 m / min, the air in the filling chambers is driven 7 ^ and 83 is under one

2 - '"pressure of 210 g / cm, the rollers 8l, 82 are with 18.3 m / min and the rollers 84, 85 driven at 18 m / min.

A barrier Q1 is placed immediately above the belt 87, the lower ends of the barrier slidably stirring up the belt moving with the belt. , Web Q2 piles up in a loosely folded and crumpled mass against the barrier 91, which may for example be 25 cm high. When the desired amount of web (e.g. 5.5- ^ 6 kg) has accumulated at the barrier, the web is moved upstream of the folded and crumpled mass in the transverse direction ζ -. 'B. cut off with a knife 93 and the mass of the folded and crumpled web is pushed in the transverse direction, e.g. = When the freshly cut end of the web moved with the belt 87 reaches the barrier, a new pile begins and the process is repeated Time unit is supplied. In one embodiment of the device

209824/0787

BAD OFUGlNAL

"IbBO? 12

- SH -

v; therefore ground the actuation of the knife 93 and, of the plunger 9 ^ controlled by an appropriately set controller., so that they are essentially at predetermined intervals. act at the same time. So when there is a predetermined Weight of the web has accumulated at the barrier, becomes actuates knife 93 to cut the web; and the ram 9 ^ is actuated to move the accumulated web in to push the shape 95. In this way, highly elastic pillows can be viewed continuously with a very large viewing angle be generated.

According to another method, the barrier 91 can be raised when the desired weight of the crumpled web has accumulated and the web is in the g ^ aira ^ itf'-p.n ie has been cut off. The accumulated mass then becomes brought by the belt 87 to a pillow filling point (not shown) located at the turning point of the belt. The barrier is quickly lowered again after the mass of the crumpled sheet has passed underneath it so that a new operation can begin.

The pillows made from the light webs are those superior to that obtained by filling with laminates made of PcIyäthylenterephthalat staple fibers produced v / earth. The cushions retain their resilience and their fullness much longer and show during use and no tendency to matt and shrink when washing,

Example Ij5

In this example, a lightweight sheet is bonded to a layer of paper on belt 87. In a similar way,

209824/0767 ^ bad orjginal

15607T2

As in the "Example <$ teeseiirdefeen is ,, from egg · LtEfite with thread from- 2el-ltiioseä2etat £ iat a 46.Ö0O and with a Benierzälii of 3 _# € l per Fäöeli

"■" "■" - 2

a BgIiEi ¥ öä 125 etm width formed, which weighs 5 g / ira,

Qie thread. 5 Krätiselungsn pi * Q ciö atifweiseEi = "20 shows a Bata. 97 from Eeidenpäpier> the

separate points
r ifteltels eirier · Tieföriiekwalze 9 wirö, äma belt _8? below the 99 Ltmtenüaim piping vtiru diircn the bewegiieiie free felze.88 gegeö the Seiäenpapterfealte gedrüekt,% xm the Baiinen raiteitiindei * to connect. "- - · · ·.

example

A web of cellulose acetate * which contains 2 ^ 0 threads with a denier count of 3.0 per cm of the width of the web, which have crimps, per cm, over which the web is angled. of 8> 4 g / m-, is sprayed with J ßeTiichts- ^ Triacetln, as shown at lÖÖ in Fig. 21 of the drawing. " and then passed a driven rotating heated roll iQL under tension over the VCN at a temperature \ 163 ⁰ C is maintained "The"'roll on their Qberfiäche with spaced-apart quadrangular p ^ ramidenstumpffÖrmigen Vcrsprüngen is provided 1Q2 (Fig * 22} 15 steps per cm, arranged in a pattern of staggered rows, creating a stable, porous fabric.

■ "■■■" ■ '■ -' Example 15 ■

In this example, a single light Web creates multiple yarns »In a manner similar to that in

2O0S24 / O7 & 7

\. BATH

Example 9 described is "" is made from a fuse with Threads made of cellulose acetate with a total denier of 14 <.400 and a denier "of 3.0 per thread - the 3 Have crimps per cm, a web 125 cm wide generated that weighs 4th g / m =,, instead of the bottom hanging down the roller 85 in a flat chain line, the web enters a protection zone according to Fig. 23. ,, This consists of 'a roller' IQjS, which is parallel on the circumference V-shaped Bingnuten 104: (Fig. 24), which through sharp parallel ring ridges 105 are separated from each other, as well as an arrangement 106, which are electrically heated from a number of spaced apart Wires 107 consists, their effective parts, in the web penetrate, whereby for each with the web: in engagement Coming ridge 105 a wire 107 is provided and the -ßrähjite are aligned with the ridges, the web will through the slot zone. 103 under the action of a couple pulled by rollers 108, 109, around which, the slotted, walk around narrow sections of the train in an S-shape. These Rollers. Are driven at a peripheral speed, which is $ 5 larger than that of reels 84, 85 * Die Burrs 105 (and the wires löf) are spaced apart 2.5 cm apart, so that the web cut into sections with 1368 denier each is slit »- From the roller 10Q these sections diverge to. Guide eyelets 110, the farther apart, from which the sections with a twist of 0.7 twists per cm are received on rotating driven spools 111, which are arranged in ring spinners 112 of the usual type are. In such ring spinners the thread bundles go in known way by driven conveyor rollers 113, 114, fixed balloon guides II5 and movable runners through, which are arranged in back and forth 'going ring loops before they get to the coil Ul.

0 9 8 2 4/0767 bad original

- ⁵⁷ - 15S0712

The yarn ist'sehr'füllig .. Its strength substantially equal to that of a continuous filament yarn., But it ^r has the appearance of a staple fiber yarn, which is due to the presence of protruded ends (namely, about 4 protruding yarn ends per cm) and of loose loops or stitches that are distributed over the main part of the yarn and each of which consists of a small number of crimped threads (e.g. 1 or threads) Children's sweater very suitable.

In the above-described production of yarns from lightweight webs, the web preferably has a total denier of more than 3 ° · 0ΟΟ and the seat-fit elements are preferably spaced from one another such that strips of less than 10,000 denier are produced, preferably in the range of 500 - 7000 Denier »In addition to the hot wires and cutting disks mentioned above, other slitting devices can also be used, such as spaced rotating knives that are pressed against the web as it passes over a roller with a hard metal surface. The speeds of the cutting discs and the ^ diameter at their points of contact with the web "are advantageously approximately equal derlGeschwindigkeit the 'web, the average fiber length in the yarn will be.' Vary depending on the degree:,; the spread of the web, the degree the interweaving of the slit and the distance between the slit elements. The | fiber length is at least 30 cm and the yarn contains essentially no shorter fibers »- 1 ■ - ·

200824/0781

- ⁵⁸ - 1580712

Example 16

From a fuse with threads of cellulose acetate with a i each total denier of 20,000 and a denier of 5.0 per Thread is made according to the procedure described in Example 9

produces a lightweight web weighing 2.1 g / m2.

The following examples illustrate the use of the webs according to the invention for the production of artificial leather. With a particularly simple construction, a laminate is made by laying the webs in the transverse direction produced, whereupon the laminate is sewn to join the panels together »The sewn laminate, the for example Q, 08 - 0.2 ^ cm thick, then with a rubber-containing material, preferably a synthetic elastomer, such as a rubber-containing polyurethane, that can be made from a diisocyanate and a polyester or polyether, a polymer of a Butadiene 1,3 * e.g. a copolymer of butadiene and acrylonitrile, Styrene, vinyl pyridine or methyl methacrylate, or a homopolymer of butadiene or isoprene or chloroprene, or a rubber-containing ethylene-propylene copolymer, Das Polymer is best deposited in the sewn structure in such a way that the resulting material remains porous, preferably microporous. This can be done, for example, by the use of blowing or foaming agents or through the use of rubber latex with subsequent Coagulation, for example with an aqueous solution of an acid, such as ζ -, - Β. Acetylic acid, or a salt, v / ie e.g. Calcium chloride, .jjper rubber is advantageously vulcanized by Storage of known cross-binding agents with the following Harden. A thin coating, for example 0.05-0.2 mm, preferably 0.1 mm thick, then becomes a tough one Polymers applied, such as polyethylene acrylate, polyvinyl

2QS824 / Q7 & 7 bad original

chlorides or a polyurethane. That section of the fibrous lower part is a preferred embodiment. position; which is ^{closest to the surface of the 1} artificial leather has a higher concentration of the fibrous material. This can be achieved through the use of a

thread-like material in der.Nähe this * 'A web having -kontinuierlicJieniFäden-of ■' ■ _- 'shrinkable material, for example, the upper layers of the laminate form and may, for example' to the main part of the layer st off will be sutured., with naehfölgendem "Shrinking _o ■ _v /...

Example. 17 '

This. Example;: yeranschaui sees the production of artificial leatherj / das for'Sehuhpbertelle. is suitable, under

.- ■ 1-ending; the tracks according to. the ^; Invention. From crimped yarns: continuous threads made of polyethylene terephthalate with a specific number of 3 * 0 per thread are used in the. ■ Example ^? 9- described way. Continuously one path ^:

"produces ^ the - a -weight from Ik g / m to v / eist, the web is fed to the; belt β? together with a card web 118 (pig Denier - ■■ 5 ^ 0 per. thread _.: The amount; of staple fibers is ■; ^..: Approximately 1 / ^ f ^{; of} the ..weight of the 'web. With .continuous "■: -." - ■ threads The composite product obtained is weakly calendered between rollers with a temperature of 25 ° ^C G. During this calendering, the surfaces of the undrawn fibers soften and adhere to the drawn continuous threads. -4- layers of this bonded laminate laid in the transverse direction then become thick at 250 °

209 8 2 47 0707

~ ⁶⁰ ~ tS60? 12

calendered to a porous structure with a thickness of approximately Q, 2 - to produce 0.25 mm, the 70 · g / m. tfiegt.

In another process, a band of drawn-out ethylene terephthalate of the type described in the preceding paragraph is placed in the process (Fig. 26), in that the web is fed from the belt part to another belt, the one in the transverse direction to the first belt runs, \\ O at the web on this belt 119 back and forth is bcuegt ;. The alignment with which the straps are attached are set in such a way that a "laminate" is produced

.- '■■' - '. ■ - ■ - p

wiM, which has a total weight of veh 525 g / m. Of the . obtained; laminate is then passed through a Üadelllochmaschine 12Ö hihäurchgefuhrt, the same after Every "Burcngang" is given / ended by each side of the Laminate 'executed a total of βΟΟ stitches per cm' "A comparison, this." sewn visual sealant it with a sewn made from the same: non-woven threads ^ öftuchtstoff / of the same i.iifeviichtj with many things, however

cut the threads in a pile and before laying them in Querrichtiing were processed into cardboard webs, "..; geigt ^ "that the one made from the webs according to the invention sewn laminate - a much more iv * eichere drapery on no account is the shape of any one much easier üegenstanaes adapts on which the & elbe is arranged.

The calendered composite product and the sewn Laminates are placed on top of each other and with a Foaming, polyurethane-forming compound impregnated and then cured to .in the fibrous structure to form porous rubber-containing polyurethane, as well as above of the fibrous structure a thin coating of this porous rubber-containing material. The rubbery material

209824/0787

bad ör.oinal

also serves to cause the calendered composite product to adhere to the sewn laminate. "The impregnation is regulated in such a way that a product is obtained: / which contains approx. kQ% polyurethane." calculated according to the total weight <. Then, on that side of the.; impregnated product, which the calendered together ·. The closest product is a thin coating of ... colored polyacrylate of high molecular weight - '"" ■ ". · " ■ -'■;. _; brings. This can be done by applying a lacquer / ν of polyethyl acrylate in a volatile organic. ■ Solvent, or by applying an aqueous dispersion that contains 45 $ of the polymer, \ with the following! Trockneho ": ': ~ / ■ ■". .

The preferred polyhydric compound used in Bildtteng.

of the polyurethane can be used

is supposed to be a polymer

low molecular weight, the hydroxyl acid groups and the J5 poly (tetramethylene ether) blocks per Molecule that contains »This low molecular weight polymer can be prepared by, in a known manner: 3 moles of the dry poly (tetramethylene ether-glycol, which ^ in average molecular weight of about 1000, with 2 moles of 2,4-tolyiene diisocyanate be made to react. · ■. ' . ;

Example 18 '? ■''.' : ·

The web described in Example 17 is laid in the transverse direction around a laminate with a weight

ρ of 350 g / m.

Using the procedure described in Example 9 * becomes ruffled continuous from a fuse ^ it

209 82 4/0 76 7

undrawn threads of polyethylene terephthalate, which have 5 crimps per cm and a percentage crimp of J.0% , produces another lightweight web with a density of 14 g / m. This web is then placed on the surface of the laminate described in the previous paragraph in the transverse direction in order to apply an additional IhQ g / m »The resulting composite laminate is then sewn as in Example 17 and then treated, for example, by boiling in water, in order to shrink the undrawn threads. The dried laminate obtained, which has a relatively dense surface, is then impregnated with the "foaming polyurethane, cured and coated with polyethylene acrylate, as in Example 17"

Instead of the undrawn polyethylene terephthalate threads, other threads can be used which shrink during the subsequent treatment, such as, for example, undrawn or partially undrawn nylon 66 or nylon 6, and polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, poly-3-methylbutene-1 or poly-4 -methylpentene.

An embodiment of the present invention which Provides an easy and even spreading of an opened fuse in web form, requires that the opened Fuse in the opening zone of a sliding contact with a insulating surface is subjected- In this way treated fuses can be seen> easily and evenly be spread out, taking them at the subsequent. Processing show little tendency to form creases. These Embodiment of the invention is illustrated in FIG. 27, according to which a fuse is drawn from a supply 121 crimped threads, e.g. made of polyethylene terephthalate or cellulose acetate, over several fixed tensioning rails

: ■. BAD C? KC3NV

209824/0767

up and then dureheine Bandbildungsdüse drawn 122 * chalices same in seitiieher Jliehtung awshref tet _f without substantial Äußertoereinstimmungbrlng ^ n - eggs · ripples in the faefea to ,, bewirfeenu In. the BaftdMidungs nozzle works!, iinfcenbaiid dui'eh © ine narrowed zone between ZT-re | generally parallel walls 123> in the same lielelier iri its breadth below: örfen Viird ^ 4ie 'exit from Settlitzen in det "Mand, ^ on_'der". "Bsndbildungsdüse 122 runs the bancEuiiter my itihrungsschiene 125 for" the Einlaw.isfcelle _5. · The; view of one; driven <fenen, ^ ialze ISS -teifc glätfegr ^ ... ;; ' ^: Rubber surface aM; a ^ geerdefceii static roller 12? The word is "Bid Ee ^ Kegyng äieset" fold ' ■ sees the laintenband ^ nter "less fun about the: ie: - _; >; ■ Spsnnsehienen and, through, the-Banöbildungsdtise 122"

Ifon the entry point of the waltzes 126, -127 IHaft the iuntehband to the; Entry point of a second pair of rollers, which consists of an alternating roller 128 with smooth and smooth rollers _; with the steel lime provided with it / Bas-liüntenbänd is diverted in the: ßereiGh between the two pairs of jv'alz'en, by placing it under -. a ^ ßletiltschiener goes through; The example of "a grounded Winlieleisen I30 can be * that from one

senior ■ ■

^ £; jiieyct ^ Gra material, such as Z ₅ B, Murninium.,% Stands and ■ extends over the entire width of the upper band. With. edge of the. Rail l ^ Q: list so - arranged> that the sliver tape is in sliding contact with the surface of the rubber roller 128 -

, used vfird ^ which moves faster than the matchmaking band .- ".. _ / ' ^L __ -''. ■ .. ■■ -

The inlet parts between the rollers 126 i. 127 and the The inlet point between the rollers 128, 129 are both located

- 20 & 8 2 4 / QW

in a plane tangential to these rollers., while the straight line which connects the edge of the guide rail 130 which is in engagement with the sliver band and the entry point of the rollers 128, 129, crosses a substantial portion of the roller 129. _{The sliver band slides approximately 0.6-1.8 cm 5} relative to the moving surface of the roller 128. before it reaches the entry point,

The rollers 128, 129 are driven at a circumferential speed which is considerably greater than that of the upstream rollers 126, 127 °. However, this increase in speed is not sufficient to put the sliver ribbon under appreciable tension =. In the sliver ribbon passing between the roller pairs, the crimp in the threads is still noticeable and the sliver ribbon can easily be deflected by hand from its normal straight path between the roller pairs. The higher speed of the downstream rollers 128, 129 is preferably just sufficient to suppress the tendency for slack to form in the sliver ribbon which occurs when all the rollers are driven at the same speed and which can cause prolonged periods of time without correction continues, that the sliver tape lies around the rollers, whereby the processing is interrupted lying rollers 126, 127, preferably Ij3 - 1.5 times _c. The exact value for the best results depends on the type of sliver belt and the relative arrangement of the rollers.

After leaving the entry point between the rollers 128, 12Q, the sliver band goes through the air spreader

209824/0767 bad

through which it is subjected over its entire "width to the action of air currents , which spread the sliver into a web wider than the opened sliver * The web is extended by the action of a pair of conveyor rollers 132, 135," drawn, which are driven at a speed / which is just sufficient to prevent * that the open sliver running from the rollers 128 to the rollers 132, 133 forms a substantial slack. The train goes in S-shape

ο around the rollers 132, 133 by moving them over'I80 all around the upper conveyor roller I32 runs, which is preferably with Rubber is coated, then through the entry point in between the rollers 132, 133 and then round about 180 ° runs around the lower conveyor roller 133, which can be a grounded steel roller «- ■ ■ ■

From the rollers 132, 133 the web passes to a second air spreader 13 ^, which is similar to the air spreader 131 but wider, in which the web is spread even further, being pulled by the spreader 1 ^ k through a pair of rollers 135,136 will. The height of the zones provided in the spreaders 131 and 13 ^ is usually 0.25 cm and the length of these zones is approximately 10 cm its transition to the air spreader 134 a flat chain line, where the narrowed zone 137 of the air spreader 134 is arranged horizontally and is lower than the underside of the conveyor roller 133- .. The inlet to the zone 137- can, for example, be below the underside of the conveyor roller 13 ^ and be 90 cm from the same in the horizontal direction. In the chain line, the web preferably does not sag below the level of zone 137. . ^f ';

20N24 / Ö7S7

It has been found that the use of the deflector bar allows the threads to be spread out much more easily in the sliver, that the creation of a more evenly spread sliver ribbon is facilitated, and that the sliver does not tend to form gaps in the spreader that are downstream of the sliver reach the next stage and thereby impair the evenness of the path produced ,, It is assumed ,, that the special. Efficacy aar assembly to the electrification of portions of the Luntenbandes by the sliding-'With is due to the rubber surface of the roller I28, despite the contact portions of the LUntenbandes .. fältden conductive surfaces of the rolls 12Q and 133 · '"usually located .on Ground potential are ». ''

It was observed that these ridges 129 and 133 not in contact with all threads of the tape at the same time

"- ■ * 's are0 Only the thread on.derWalze12Q is therefore in pressure contact with the threads of the sliver tape and ' some threads are also isolated from the roller by other threads that are in contact with the roller observed that the roller I33 with the same side of the The sliver band comes into engagement like the roller 129 ».

If the deflection rail 13O is used, this shows Luritenband when leaving the rollers 128, 129 has the tendency to expand and become thicker, probably as a result the electrostatic repulsion of the charged filaments. This inflation is regulated and is controlled by the movement of the sliver ribbon through the horizontal narrowed zone 138 of the spreader I3I exploited. The width of the thread-like -Material takes from the entry point of the rollers 128, 129 to the outlet of the spreader 131-evenly to,

^SAD

. then remains essentially constant / decreases from the Underside of the roller 155 to the outlet of the "spreader 13 ^ "■ closes again evenly and retains from the spreader. 134 to." ■ - ' zum Wälze. "135" the same width. '... ·.

It has been found that the spreading effect is increased "· - ■" / if the sliver tape supplied to the Gev? Indev? Alze of the Lüntenöffnungszöne - has a water-repellent silicone coating that contains less or no antistatic agent '"', for example 0.1 weight or less. The preferred material is around every single paser. A tough, flexible, water-repellent film made of silicone resin. The '. Silicone: is-on "aufgebracht- the threads preferably .while-de-first stages of processing and before curled same ^■: be / .zweckmäßig This can be done by the r'_'- threads vcr the The curling of the same can be carried out by means of an aqueous, curable liquid silicone of ■ relatively low molecular weight.

■ -Γ111 case of materials, dife 'viie · polyethylene terephthalate., g-ezcgen, need to be toughness and desired to develop the "resistance to extension" - ,, before the

... drawing process i:. ; -

A corresponding silicone is easily produced. for example by hydrolysis of a larger part of a Ä'lliyldlclilcrchydrog-ensilans-and .a smaller part of a .D.ialkyldichlcrsilans .. If desired-can also a small amount of trialkylchlorosilane (as a chain limiter) and a small amount of alkyltrichlcrosilane (to promote preliminary cross-linking) may be added. All alkyl groups are preferably methyl groups. The usage this starting reactant results in a relatively liquid silicone that has a larger part Methylhydrcgen-polysil-oxa.n and a smaller part

- - ■ "", BATH

/ "Q 787 ■■ '■': '■

Contains dimethyl polysiloxane.

The polymeric silicone can after the emulsion formation and after the application of the emulsion on the thread-like Material are cured catalytically. So that the silane hydrogen in additional siloxane oxygen bridges “converted to the silicone further in the transverse direction to tie. The resulting cross-linked polymeric product is tough, water repellent and highly lubricating. It educates a flexible film around the surface of each thread.

The silicone is expediently emulsified first in order to form an aqueous emulsion of paste-like nature. Any of the common emulsifying agents for silicone can be used, e.g. Trimethyl nonyl ether. The average particle size of the silicone polymer in the paste-like i.-nulsion is generally

0.001-0.008 inch, preferably about 0.005 inch. This paste is then added to the finishing bath together with a conventional catalyst, generally an organometallic salt, in which the metal can be, for example, zinc, tin, aluminum or zirconium. Suitable catalysts include zinc acetate, aluminum octoate, organic titanates and mixtures thereof. In general, the catalyst is kept separate from the silicone emulsion until the finishing bath is prepared and is best added as the last ingredient. The weight ratio of the silicone to the metal catalyst can be, for example, 8: 1 to 1 ι 1, preferably 5 ' 1 to 3 °. The aqueous compound applied to the threads can contain, for example, 1-5 $ silicone and the amount of silicone on the threads is advantageously less than \%,

SAD 209824/0787

preferably 0.2-0.5 $ j calculated by weight the threads.

The crimping of the threads carrying the silicone finish is advantageously carried out in a crimp stuffing box, in which the threads can be wetted with a film of the aqueous, uncured silicone finishing compound which is later hardened by heat treatment of the crimped threads during the same be kept in a relaxed state, e.g. at. a temperature of more than 100 / for example ven! JO-ISO ⁰ . The curing of the silicone can also take place before the crimping, for example by removing the threads that carry the uncured silicone finish,

be passed through a heated drawing zone. ■ '■■ -' ■■■ 1

If the threads have a silicone coating that is in-the way described above xvenig or no antistatic Contains agents, the threads have very smooth surfaces on and there is very little friction between the thread surfaces so that the threads are free to one another can slide by. Those inherent in the individual threads elastic regeneration properties are therefore little or not at all influenced by friction, Pillows made with sheets made from such threads filled, can be easily washed and dried quickly, so that they are in their original highly elastic Return to the state with the usual staple fibers pillows filled with polyester, the staple fibers carry a significant proportion of a proportionately sticky antistatic agent, which increases the friction between the fibers and increases the elasticity of the Lowers pillow. However, the presence of this antistatic agent is with the use of the staple fibers important so that these'fibres during the usual preparatory work

20082 A / 0 767

Work such as plucking and carding is easy can be handled.

A preferred mode of this embodiment of the present invention is described in the following example.

Example IQ

A fuse of cellulose acetate threads with a

ι a total denier of 100,000 and a denier of

5.0 per thread, which has 5 crimps per cm and carries $ 0.25 of a cured silicone coating "

passed through the device shown in FIG. The diameters of all rollers 126,127,128,129 are 16.5 cm. The roller 126 is running at a peripheral speed from 12, ^ m / min, the roller 128 with 17 m / min, the roller I33 with 13 m / min and the roller 136 with 15 * 5 m / min driven. The V / alzen 127,129,132,135 will be by springs against the lower rollers 126,128,133 * 136 pressed and are therefore guided by the contact with the over these lower rollers? Fuse powered. The rollers 126 and 128 are provided with a rubber coating which has a hardness of 70 on the A scale of the hardener has knife. Each of the rollers 127 and 129 have opposing screw threads of 6.4 turns per cm that cut approximately 0.15 cm deep into the outer surface of each roller from the center to the end are. The distance between the entry point the rollers 126, 127 and the entry point of the rollers 128, 12Q is 50 cm. The one engaging with the fuse The edge of the Ablenlcschiene is 1.25 cm below the straight line that connects these inlet points

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connects, and 5 cm upstream of the entry point of the rollers 128, .12Q ₅ so that the fuse with the rubber-coated roller 128 comes into contact with an angle of 2.3 inches, which is a distance of j5 * ^ 5 cm before the Reaching the entry point corresponds to "If the speeds of the sliver and the roller 128 are taken into account, the sliding movement of the sliver relative to the rubber extends over 1.04 cm. The fuse is in the. Band-forming nozzle 122 spread to a width of approximately 20 cm. The band is spread in spreader 131 to a width of 60 cm and in spreader 134 to a width of 125 cm. The web can then be rolled up or folded to produce a laminate that can be used for stuffing pillows, upholstery, wadding for clothes, or for other purposes.

20 9 8 2 k / 0 767 bad

Claims (15)

Expectations (Γ 1. ^ Translucent web of curled continuous leaden, generally all in the same direction and by entanglements as a result of the crimps in the threads and the deviations in small lengths of the Threads from this direction are held together, with the web having an average air space per thread which represents a positive value. 2. Bahn.nach claim Ij characterized by threads Polyethylene terephthalate or cellulose acetate. 3. Web according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by ο
a weight of 5-35 g / m 4. Laminate, which consists of several layers of a web according to claim 1, 2 or 3 ,, which are inseparable from each other are connected. 5- pillows, cushions and other elastic items, the webs or laminates according to any of the preceding Claims included. 6, artificial leather which contains a sheet or a laminate according to any one of claims 1 to k and which is impregnated with an elastomeric polymer. 7. Paper, woven, knitted or knotted textile materials c'der plastic films, which are connected with a web or a laminate according to one of claims 1 to 4 are. '- "■' BAD CSJGINAL 209824/0767 8. Method of creating a translucent web of crimped, continuous filaments, which in general 'all' lie in the same direction and by entanglements due to the crimps in the threads and the deviations of small lengths of the threads from this cattle are held together., characterized that a ruffled fuse made of continuous synthetic Threads is opened while the crimps in individual. Threads out of agreement with those in adjacent threads are brought by the "moving Fuse is passed between a pair of folds., -of which at least one roller has an interrupted surface has so that threads between the rollers, only; in areas that are covered with] other areas alternate in which threads are not captured, the captured special threads change repeatedly between the rollers during the passage of the sliver, so that different groups of thread are grasped and released, and that then the opened fuse for the purpose of enlargement its width is spread by applying a force evenly across its entire width to the fuse Facility is brought into action, which acts so that at least one resultant of this force is the individual Threads moved away from each other. 9 »Method according to claim 8 / characterized in that the ribbon of the opened fuse is spread out by Air is blown through it as it passes through a constricted zone. 10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that that the ribbon of the opened fuse is spread out in ribbon form, by blowing LuTt through it while the same 20 & 82 4/07 passes through a narrowed zone, and that the width the orbit is then enlarged by this process is repeated in a wider zone. 11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that that the web after leaving the last zone in which air is blown through, before the take-up can hang freely in an unsupported chain line, 12. The method according to a do'y claims 8 to 11, characterized in that the spreading process increases the width of the opened sliver tape by 1.5 to 6 times. 13 · Method according to one of Claims 8 to 12, ■ thereby characterized in that spreading is continued until the cock produced has a density, which is less than 6/5 times the potential web density, 14. A method of making a translucent web of continuous filaments, essentially as above described. 15. Sheer sheets of continuous filaments. which are produced according to one of the processes characterized in claims ¹ 8 to 14, and kiss & n, upholstery, artificial leather and other objects and materials which are made from such webs or contain the same. BAD Q? .15 \ ::. \ L 209024/0767 L e r s e i t e