DE102022112585B3 - BATTERY FOR A MOTOR VEHICLE AND MOTOR VEHICLE - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a battery (1) for a motor vehicle (2) and a motor vehicle (2) which includes the battery (1). The battery (1) has a first electrical storage module (3), which is designed to be electrically connected to the vehicle's on-board electrical system (10) in a stationary manner in the motor vehicle (2), and a second electrical storage module (4). The battery (1) further comprises a temperature control device (15), which has a first temperature control branch (18) for temperature control of the first storage module (3). The battery (1) can be adjusted between a coupling state in which the storage modules (3, 4) are electrically coupled to one another and a decoupling state in which the storage modules (3, 4) are electrically decoupled from one another. The second storage module (4) has a charging device (12) via which it can be electrically charged separately from the first storage module (3) in the decoupling state.

Description

The invention relates to a battery, in particular a traction battery, for a motor vehicle. In addition, the invention relates to a motor vehicle, in particular a passenger car, which is equipped or equipped with such a battery. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for charging such a battery.

In the current efforts to further electrify private and commercial transport, there is, among other things, the challenge of tempering a motor vehicle battery for particularly efficient operation (i.e. charging and discharging operation), i.e. bringing it to a particularly advantageous operating temperature and/or to keep it at operating temperature. Accordingly, there is a need to cool the motor vehicle battery on the one hand, for example in summer or when used in areas with a particularly hot climate, and on the other hand to warm it, for example in winter or when used in areas with a particularly cold climate. This involves the use of energy on board the motor vehicle; in particular, the energy used to control the temperature of the battery is taken from the battery in the form of electrical energy. This energy, which is used by a temperature control system, is then not available for an electric driving range. If the battery is not tempered, the battery can only be discharged with a particularly low efficiency (for example when the motor vehicle is driving) and can only be charged with a particularly low efficiency (for example on the charger or in a recuperation mode of the motor vehicle). In addition, battery cells of the battery are subject to increased wear if they are discharged/charged while the battery is not at the desired operating temperature. A need for cooling for the battery also results from the fact that the battery cells give off heat during charging or discharging.

• - einen ersten Schaltzustand, bei dem die fest eingebaute Batterie mit der Leistungselektronik verbunden ist,
• - einen zweiten Schaltzustand, bei dem die wechselbare Batterie mit der Leistungselektronik verbunden ist, und
• - einen dritten Schaltzustand, bei dem die fest eingebaute Batterie und die wechselbare Batterie mit der Leistungselektronik verbunden sind.

Der erste oder der zweite oder der dritte Schaltzustand wird in Abhängigkeit vom Inhalt des Speichers gewählt.The DE 10 2020 133 971 A1 proposes a system for supplying energy to an electrically powered vehicle. The system includes power electronics for controlling an electric motor of the vehicle, a permanently installed battery, a replaceable battery, a memory for storing current and/or historical temperature data and a switching mechanism for connecting the permanently installed battery and the replaceable battery to the power electronics. The rear derailleur includes the following switching states:

• - a first switching state in which the permanently installed battery is connected to the power electronics,
• - a second switching state in which the replaceable battery is connected to the power electronics, and
• - a third switching state in which the permanently installed battery and the replaceable battery are connected to the power electronics.

The first or the second or the third switching state is selected depending on the contents of the memory.

Furthermore, the reveals DE 10 2011 118 976 A1 a motor vehicle equipped with an electric drive device and a vehicle battery for providing an electrical voltage for the electric drive device. An electrical connection device of the motor vehicle is designed to connect a reserve battery with a lower battery capacity than the vehicle battery for supplying the drive device with electrical energy.

WO 2016/034 050 A1 discloses a replaceable battery system in which a battery pack of a motor vehicle is replaced by another battery pack at energy supply stations. The battery packs are electrically charged at the energy supply stations.

Furthermore, it shows DE 10 2019 113 137 A1 an energy supply system for an electrically powered motor vehicle. The energy supply system includes power electronics for controlling an electric motor for driving the motor vehicle, a battery module permanently installed in the motor vehicle for supplying electrical energy for operating the electric motor, a connection for at least one manually replaceable battery module for supplying electrical energy for operating the electric motor and a switching mechanism that connects the power electronics with the permanently installed battery module and the connection for at least one manually replaceable battery module. The switching mechanism is designed to provide energy for operating and/or driving the vehicle, depending on its switching state, selectively and exclusively from the at least one permanently installed battery module or the at least one manually replaceable battery module via the power electronics to the electric motor and/or another consumer .

It is the object of the invention to create a possibility of particularly efficiently controlling the temperature of a battery of a purely electrically powered motor vehicle.

This task is solved by the subject matter of the independent patent claims. More Possible embodiments of the invention are disclosed in the subclaims, the description and the figures. Features, advantages and possible configurations set out in the description for one of the subject matter of the independent claims are at least analogous to the features, advantages and possible embodiments of the respective subject matter of the other independent claims and any possible combination of the subject matter of the independent claims, if applicable in conjunction with one or more of the subclaims.

In a first aspect of the invention, a battery, i.e. an accumulator or a secondary battery, is proposed for a motor vehicle. The battery has a first electrical storage module and a second electrical storage module.

In the battery according to the invention it is further provided that the first electrical storage module is set up to be electrically connected to the vehicle's electrical system in a stationary manner in the motor vehicle. Since the battery forms a component of the electrically driven motor vehicle when the battery is in the intended installation position, the on-board electrical system and the first storage module are electrically contacted with one another as soon as the battery is integrated into the motor vehicle in the intended installation position and is electrically contacted with its on-board electrical system. The battery is therefore designed to provide electrical operating energy for the motor vehicle to the on-board electrical system when installed in the intended position. In addition, the battery is set up in its intended installation position to absorb electrical energy in the recuperation mode of the motor vehicle.

The battery further has a temperature control device which has a first temperature control branch for temperature control - that is, for cooling and/or for heating - of the first storage module. The temperature control device in particular has a cooling fluid supply unit, for example a cooling fluid pump, as well as a pipe and/or hose system through which a cooling fluid circuit is formed, into which the cooling fluid supply unit is integrated. In a temperature control operation of the temperature control device, a cooling fluid, for example a cooling liquid, is pumped through the cooling fluid circuit by means of the cooling fluid supply unit or by means of the cooling fluid pump, with heat being transported away from the first storage module at the first temperature control branch. Furthermore, the temperature control device can be used to heat the first storage module, heat then being transported to the first storage module by means of the cooling fluid circulating through the cooling fluid circuit. Overall, the temperature control device is therefore set up to bring the first storage module to an advantageous operating temperature at which the electrical discharging and electrical charging of the first storage module occur particularly efficiently.

It is further provided that the battery is adjustable between a coupling state in which the storage modules are electrically - and in particular mechanically - coupled to one another, and a decoupling state in which the storage modules are electrically - and in particular mechanically - decoupled from one another. In other words, in the coupling state, the first memory module and the second memory module are at least electrically coupled to one another or at least electrically connected to one another, whereas in the decoupling state the memory modules are at least electrically separated from one another. Starting from the decoupling state, the battery can be adjusted to the coupling state, for example, by inserting the second memory module into a memory module receptacle that corresponds to the second memory module. It is conceivable that the memory modules are electrically connected to one another by inserting the second memory module into its memory module receptacle, whereby the memory modules are mechanically coupled to one another. Accordingly, the battery can be adjusted to the decoupling state by removing or removing the second storage module from the storage module receptacle. This means that the second storage module in particular forms a portion of the battery that can be removed from the remaining battery.

The second storage module has a charging device via which it can be electrically charged in the decoupling state of the battery, that is, separately from the first storage module. In order to charge the second memory module, it is therefore not necessary for this and the first memory module to be electrically and/or mechanically coupled to one another. Instead, it is possible to electrically charge the second memory module bypassing the first memory module.

It is therefore possible to electrically decouple the second storage module from the rest of the battery, in particular from the first storage module, and to charge the second storage module bypassing the first storage module. The charger is in particular set up to charge the second storage module particularly slowly and therefore gently, so that it is not absolutely necessary to control the temperature of the second storage module during charging. In particular, the second storage element can be removed (mechanically) from the battery or from the motor vehicle, whereby the second memory module is mechanically and electrically decoupled from the first memory module permanently installed in the motor vehicle. The second storage module can then be charged separately electrically away from the motor vehicle or away from the battery, for example at the workplace of a user of the battery or the motor vehicle equipped with the battery. The second storage module can preferably be loaded during the user's working time. There is therefore the possibility for the user to at least partially charge the battery by charging the second storage module while the motor vehicle is not being driven anyway. For example, the user can electrically charge the second storage module during his working time to such an extent that the motor vehicle, when the storage modules are coupled to one another, provides a purely electric driving range that is sufficient to drive to the user's home address. At his home address, the user can repeat the process analogously by setting the battery to the decoupling state and charging the second storage module at home, for example overnight. In particular, it is provided that a route between the user's home address and the workplace only takes place using an amount of energy stored in the second storage module. Since only a part of the entire battery, namely the second storage module, is charged and discharged, charging the battery is particularly easy and/or requires little effort for the user. In addition, the first storage module, which can be a main battery module of the battery, is protected because it is subjected to far fewer charging cycles than the second storage module. For example, it can be provided that the first memory module is only fully charged if the intention is to travel a particularly long distance with the motor vehicle.

In addition, the temperature control device for temperature control of the second storage module has a second temperature control branch. The second temperature control branch can, for example, be integrated into the second storage module. In other words, the second temperature control branch remains in the coupled state of the battery and in the uncoupled state of the battery in the second storage module. When decoupling the second storage module, the second temperature control branch is then decoupled from the remaining temperature control device, in particular from the cooling fluid supply unit of the temperature control unit. Alternatively, it can be provided that the second temperature control branch remains coupled to the cooling fluid supply unit in the coupling state and in the decoupling state, the second storage module and the second temperature control branch then being decoupled from one another when the battery is moved to the decoupling state. As already described in connection with the first storage module, it is then possible by means of the temperature control device to bring the second storage module to the preferred operating temperature, whereby discharging and charging of the energy storage module occur particularly efficiently.

It can be provided in the battery that the electrical energy stored in the second storage module is provided directly, that is to say without detour via the second storage module, to a consumer of the motor vehicle, in particular an electric drive machine. According to a further possible embodiment, the battery has an operating mode in which, in the coupling state - that is, when storage modules are at least electrically coupled to one another - the first storage module is supplied with electrical charging energy from the second storage module. In other words: the first storage module is electrically charged using the second storage module. This means that the electrical energy stored in the second storage module is used for driving the motor vehicle by at least partially transferring the amount of energy stored in the second storage module into the first storage module, in which case the consumer or the electric drive machine is then controlled by means of the first storage module of the motor vehicle is driven. If the battery is placed in the coupling state by electrically coupling the storage modules to one another, it is in particular provided that the first storage module is brought to the preferred operating temperature by means of the temperature control device, so that the charging of the first storage module takes place particularly efficiently.

In a further possible embodiment it is provided that the second storage module is designed as an energy storage module and the first storage module is designed as a power storage module. This is to be understood as meaning that the power storage module - i.e. the first electrical storage module - has a lower electrical energy density and a higher electrical power density than the energy storage module - i.e. than the second electrical storage module. In other words, the energy storage module (the second electrical storage module) has a higher electrical energy density and a lower electrical power density than the power storage module (the first electrical storage module). Accordingly, the terms “first electrical storage module” and “power storage module” are used synonymously here. In addition, the terms “second electrical storage module” and “energy storage module” are used synonymously. The energy storage module or the second electrical storage module has energy storage units that are designed, for example, as a respective secondary battery cell, in particular as lithium iron phosphate battery cells. The power storage module or the first electrical storage module has other energy storage units, for example lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt oxide battery cells and/or an electrical supercapacitor or more supercapacitors. The battery for the motor vehicle described here is a so-called cell mix battery, which has the advantage that the battery can be designed to be particularly mass and space efficient and is still able to provide high electrical power and/or to record. As a result, the recuperation efficiency of a motor vehicle equipped with such a battery is particularly high, which has an advantageous effect on the range that can be achieved purely electrically, especially when driving such a motor vehicle in stop-and-go traffic, for example in a city. Because the electrical energy stored in the second storage module (energy storage module) is delivered to the consumer or the drive machine of the motor vehicle by means of the first storage module (power storage module), a particularly high power can be used to drive or accelerate the motor vehicle, since the power storage module Due to its lower electrical energy density and its higher electrical power density, it is designed to emit and/or absorb a higher electrical power than the energy storage module. Furthermore: Since the energy storage module has a higher electrical energy density and a lower electrical power density than the power storage module, there is no need to actively cool it when the energy storage module is operated as intended.

According to a further possible embodiment of the battery, its energy storage module has a certain number of energy storage units, for example battery cells, with a mass of the energy storage module not exceeding a predetermined mass limit value. In particular, in this embodiment it is provided that a volume of the energy storage module does not exceed a predetermined volume limit. The energy storage module is designed such that a predetermined amount of electrical energy can be stored by means of the energy storage module. The mass limit value and/or the volume limit value result, for example, from boundary conditions that are predetermined due to packaging when producing and/or designing the battery or a motor vehicle having the battery.

In particular, it is provided that the mass limit is 10 kilograms or less and/or that the volume limit is 20 liters or less. This makes the energy storage module particularly portable, particularly easy for a (physiologically healthy) person to lift and carry, and particularly easy to handle. For contacting the energy storage module with the power storage module and for decoupling the energy storage module from the power storage module, for example for removing/lifting the energy storage module out of the motor vehicle or for inserting the energy storage module into the motor vehicle, there is no aid (i.e. no lifting means such as a crane etc. ) is required and multiple people are not required to lift or handle the energy storage module.

According to a further embodiment of the battery, the number of energy storage units or battery cells of the energy storage module is determined such that, taking into account the expected energy consumption of the motor vehicle that is equipped with the battery, a predetermined minimum distance can be traveled using the predetermined amount of energy stored in the energy storage module can be. For example, it is provided that the predetermined amount of energy is dimensioned such that the motor vehicle can be driven purely electrically over the minimum distance, for example between the user's workplace and home address, using only the amount of energy stored in the energy storage module. The minimum route length is, for example, 25 kilometers or more. In particular, it is provided that the number of energy storage units of the energy storage module is determined such that the power storage module is charged by means of the energy storage module to such an extent that the motor vehicle can be driven at least 25 kilometers.

A further embodiment of the battery provides that the number of energy storage units or battery cells is determined such that the energy storage module can be charged with the predetermined amount of electrical energy within a predetermined period of time. This embodiment is based on the idea that electrically charging the last 20% of an electrical secondary battery or an electrical accumulator takes longer than the previously charged 80%. When the charge level of the electric accumulator reaches approximately 70% or 80%, less and less charging current flows and at the same time the electric battery heats up more. It is therefore preferred to only partially charge the energy storage units of the energy storage module, for example up to 70% State of charge (SoC: State of Charge). In order to now store the predetermined amount of energy by means of the energy storage module, which can be charged to the predetermined amount of energy within the predetermined period of time, it is provided according to the present embodiment that several energy storage units or secondary battery cells are charged to 70% or 80%, for example, instead to use fewer energy storage units, which then need to be charged to more than 70% or more than 80% for the same amount of energy. This accelerates the charging of the energy storage module up to the specified amount of energy and also protects the energy storage units of the energy storage module. This results, on the one hand, in simplification for the user and, on the other hand, in an extended service life of the energy storage module, which is ecologically and economically favorable. In addition, the need for temperature control is particularly low because there is no charging operation, in which - for example from an SoC of 70% or more - the energy storage units of the energy storage module give off a comparatively large amount of heat.

According to a further possible embodiment, the charging device of the energy storage module has a plug-in element corresponding to a household power socket. This means that the battery, in particular its energy storage module, can be charged electrically in the decoupling state, i.e. when the storage modules are decoupled from one another, for example, by connecting the charging device to a household power network by means of the plug-in element, in particular by means of a protective contact plug, by connecting the plug-in element in the household power socket is plugged in. This means that the user does not have to rely on a special charging infrastructure to charge the energy storage module. Instead, charging the energy storage module is particularly easy for the user because - as he knows from other electrical or electronic devices - he simply plugs the energy storage module into the household power socket using the plug-in element.

A further possible embodiment of the battery provides that the battery has a locking element that can be reversibly and non-destructively released between a locking position and a release position. In the locking position, the locking element projects into a coupling area of the battery in order to lock the battery against decoupling or coupling of the memory modules. In the release position, the locking element is disengaged from the coupling area in order to enable the decoupling or coupling of the memory modules. If the battery is in the coupling state, that is, if the energy storage module and the power storage module are electrically coupled to one another, the energy storage module is held in position by the locking element protruding into the coupling area and in particular into a locking element receptacle of the energy storage module. The locking element thus functions, on the one hand, as protection against unauthorized removal of the energy storage module from the battery and, on the other hand, as a load securing element. Because of the locking element seated in the locking element receptacle, it is effectively prevented that the energy storage module falls out of the battery, in particular from an energy storage module receptacle of the battery, in the event of excessive acceleration, for example in the event of a traffic accident involving the motor vehicle. Since it is generally provided for the battery that the adjustment of the battery between the coupling state and the decoupling state can be carried out particularly easily for the user, in particular without tools, it is particularly provided for the locking element that it is particularly simple, in particular, between the locking position and the release position can be adjusted without necessarily using a tool.

Charging a battery designed according to the above description is, for example, as follows: If this has not already happened, the battery is brought into the decoupling state by decoupling the storage modules from one another at least electrically. For example, the battery is brought into the decoupling state by removing the energy storage module from the battery, whereby the storage elements are electrically and mechanically separated from one another. The charging device of the energy storage module is then connected to an infrastructural electrical energy supply network, in particular the household power network, so that the energy storage module is electrically charged via the energy supply network. For this purpose, it can be provided that the energy storage module is switched to a charging operating mode or that the energy storage module is automatically charged as soon as it is electrically coupled to the energy supply network. When charging, for example, the second storage module is not tempered, i.e. neither cooled nor heated. This is particularly the case if the temperature control device of the battery does not have a second temperature control branch. The energy that is supplied to the second storage module via the household power network is used particularly efficiently to charge the second storage module.

If the battery, in particular its temperature control device, the second temperature control branch for temperature control of the second storage module duls, it is still not cooled because it is decoupled from the cooling fluid supply device. In a development of the battery, it can be provided that the second storage module has its own (second) cooling fluid supply device, by means of which the second temperature control branch can be fed with cooling fluid in the decoupling state. Then either the second storage module can be tempered for charging on the household power network, or temperature control of the second storage module is nevertheless dispensed with by the second cooling fluid supply device being deactivated or remaining during charging.

The charging device is disconnected from the energy supply network when the specified or desired amount of electrical energy has been charged into the energy storage module. The battery is then brought into the coupling state (again) by electrically connecting the storage units to one another. The power storage module can be electrically charged using the energy storage module, or the energy storage module provides its electrical energy directly to the consumer. Charging of the power storage module begins, for example, as soon as the storage modules are electrically coupled to one another or electrically connected to one another. For this purpose, it can be provided that the power storage module is switched to a charging operating mode. In particular, it is provided that the power storage module is automatically switched to the charging operating mode when the energy storage module is electrically connected to the power storage module. As a result, the cooling requirement for the energy storage module is particularly low, which results in a particularly low cooling requirement for the battery overall. This makes it possible to use the amount of energy stored in the battery more than before for propulsion or for a range of the motor vehicle, since less energy than before has to be used to control the temperature of the battery.

A further aspect of the invention relates to a motor vehicle which is equipped or is equipped with a battery designed in accordance with the above description. Accordingly, the motor vehicle is a hybrid motor vehicle or a motor vehicle that can be driven or moved purely electrically. In any case, the motor vehicle is set up to provide a user with at least one fully electric driving mode. In other words, the user can move or drive the motor vehicle using only energy stored electrically in the motor vehicle.

In a further possible embodiment of the motor vehicle, it is provided that the energy storage module is arranged in a portion of the interior of the motor vehicle that is accessible to an end user or end customer of the motor vehicle without the use of a tool, in particular in a passenger cell or in a storage room. This makes it possible for the user of the motor vehicle in a particularly simple manner to remove the energy storage module from the battery and consequently from the motor vehicle, in particular in order to carry out the method described above.

Further features of the invention can be seen from the following description of the figures and from the drawing. The features and combinations of features mentioned above in the description as well as the features and combinations of features shown below in the description of the figures and/or in the figures alone can be used not only in the combination specified in each case, but also in other combinations or on their own, without departing from the scope of the invention leave.

• 1 eine schematische Ansicht einer Batterie für ein Kraftfahrzeug, wobei zwei elektrische Speichermodule der Batterie in einem Entkopplungszustand angeordnet sind;
• 2 eine schematische Ansicht der Batterie, wobei deren Speichermodule in einem Kopplungszustand miteinander gekoppelt sind; und
• 3 eine schematische Ansicht des Kraftfahrzeugs mit einem Nutzungsbeispiel der Batterie.

The drawing shows in:

• 1 a schematic view of a battery for a motor vehicle, wherein two electrical storage modules of the battery are arranged in a decoupling state;
• 2 a schematic view of the battery, with its storage modules coupled to one another in a coupling state; and
• 3 a schematic view of the motor vehicle with an example of use of the battery.

Below, a battery 1 for a motor vehicle 2 and the motor vehicle 2 itself equipped with the battery 1 are presented in a joint description. In the figures, identical or functionally identical elements are provided with the same reference numerals.

1 shows a schematic view of the battery 1 for the motor vehicle 2, with two electrical storage modules 3, 4 of the battery 1 being arranged in a decoupling state. In the present case, the first electrical storage module 3 is a power storage module 3, while the second electrical storage module 4 is an energy storage module 4. The energy storage module 4 has a lower electrical power density and a higher electrical energy density than the power storage module 3. The electrical storage modules 3, 4 each have a large number of electrical energy storage units 5, 6, only some of which are provided with the corresponding reference numerals in the figures. In the present example, the energy storage units are 5 of the power Storage module 3 um lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide secondary battery cells. Alternatively or additionally, the energy storage module 4 can have at least one further energy storage unit 5, which is designed as an electrical supercapacitor. In contrast, the energy storage units 6 of the energy storage module 4 are lithium iron phosphate secondary battery cells.

The storage modules 3, 4 of the battery 1 can be coupled to one another and decoupled from one another. For this purpose, the battery 1 in the present case has an electrical battery network 7 into which the energy storage module 4 is integrated. The battery 1 also has a connection device 8, which is designed to be electrically connected to an electrical consumer 9, in this case an on-board electrical system 10. The battery 1 further has an energy storage module receptacle 11, by means of which the energy storage module 4 can be electrically contacted with the battery network 7 and consequently with the power storage module 3. The power storage module 3 and the energy storage module 4 are electrically contacted with one another by means of the battery network 7 by inserting the energy storage module 4 into the energy storage module receptacle 11 of the battery 1. For this purpose, an internal geometry of the energy storage module receptacle 11 and an external geometry of the energy storage module 4 correspond to one another, so that the energy storage module 4 can be inserted into the energy storage module receptacle 11, for example, in a form-fitting manner. The energy storage module 4 and the energy storage module receptacle 11 are designed in such a way that the energy storage module 4 can be inserted into the energy storage module receptacle 11 and the storage modules 3, 4 can be contacted or connected without using a tool. This means that the insertion of the energy storage module 4 into the energy storage module receptacle 11, whereby the storage modules 3, 4 are electrically connected to one another, can be carried out even by people who have not received any special technical training in this regard.

The battery 1 is therefore between a decoupling state (see 1 ), in which the memory modules 3, 4 are electrically decoupled from one another, and a coupling state (see 2 ), in which the memory modules 3, 4 are electrically coupled to one another, adjustable. The power storage module 3 is set up to be electrically connected to the vehicle electrical system 10 in a stationary manner in the motor vehicle 2. In the present example, the battery 1 has the connection device 8, which is electrically connected to the power storage module 3 by means of the battery network 7.

In 1 It can also be seen that the energy storage module 4 has a charging device 12, via which it can be electrically charged separately from the power storage module 3 in the decoupling state. The charging device 12, which can be, for example, an electrical charger, can - as in 1 shown - be arranged together with the energy storage units 5 in a common housing of the energy storage module 4. Alternatively, it is conceivable that the charging device 12 is arranged outside the housing of the energy storage module 4, for example can be connected to the energy storage module 4 as required. In the present case, the charging device 12 has a household power socket 13 (see 3 ) corresponding plug element 14. The plug-in element 14 is, for example, a protective contact plug.

Furthermore, the battery 1 has a temperature control device 15, which has a cooling fluid supply unit 16 and a cooling fluid circuit 17 through which a cooling fluid can flow, the cooling fluid circuit 17 being, for example, a pipe and/or hose system. The temperature control device 15, in particular its cooling fluid circuit 17, has a first temperature control branch 18, which is set up - that is, arranged and designed - to cool and/or heat the power storage module 3. In a cooling operation of the temperature control device 15, a cooling fluid, for example a cooling liquid, is driven by means of the cooling fluid supply unit 16 and pumped or blown through the cooling fluid circuit 17, with heat that is released when charging and / or discharging the power storage module 3 circulating by means of the cooling fluid circuit 17 Cooling fluid is transported away from the power storage module 3. In a heating operation of the temperature control device, the cooling fluid is heated elsewhere and pumped or blown by means of the cooling fluid supply unit 16 through the cooling fluid circuit 17 to the power storage module 3, where the heat stored in the cooling fluid is then released to the power storage module 3, so that the power storage module 3 is heated.

In an embodiment of the battery 1 that is not part of the invention, the energy storage module 4 is free of the temperature control device 15 - that is, no temperature control branch of the temperature control device 15 interacts with or acts on the energy storage module 4 to cool and/or heat it. This means that in this embodiment, no heat is transported away from the energy storage module 4 in the cooling operation and in the heating operation of the temperature control device 15 is ted and no heat is transported to the energy storage module 4.

In the present example, the temperature control device 15 has a second temperature control branch 19 for temperature control of the energy storage module 4. Cooling and/or heating of the energy storage module 4 by means of the temperature control device 15 is possible, for example, in the coupling state of the battery 1, i.e. when the storage modules 3, 4 are coupled to one another. In addition, it is conceivable that the energy storage module 4 has its own temperature control device (not shown), by means of which the energy storage module 4 can be tempered, that is heated and/or cooled, independently of the temperature control device 15.

The battery 1 also has a locking element 20, which is between a locking position (see 2 ), in which it protrudes into the energy storage module receptacle 11 and consequently into a coupling area 21 of the battery 1 in order to lock the battery 1 against decoupling or coupling of the storage modules 3, 4, and a release position (see 1 ), in which it is disengaged from the coupling area 21, that is, from the energy storage module receptacle 11, in order to enable the decoupling or coupling of the storage modules 3, 4, and is adjustable. In order to be able to adjust the battery 1 between the coupling state and the decoupling state, the locking element 20 is in its release position (see 1 ) to adjust. This can be done manually or using an actuator (not shown). If the energy storage module 4 is to be secured positionally in the energy storage module receptacle 11, for example against unauthorized or unintentional removal, the locking element 20 must be adjusted into its locking position when the energy storage module 4 is inserted as intended in the energy storage module receptacle 11.

2 shows a schematic view of the battery 1, the storage modules 3, 4 of which are electrically coupled to one another in the coupling state. This means that battery 1 comes out of the decoupling state ( 1 ) into the coupling state ( 2 ) has been adjusted by the energy storage module 4 being inserted as intended into the energy storage module receptacle 11 of the battery 1. Here, the storage modules 3, 4 - in the present case by means of the battery network 7 - are electrically coupled to one another or electrically connected to one another. The battery 1 has at least one operating mode in which in the coupling state - that is, with the power storage module 3 electrically coupled to the energy storage module 4 - the power storage module 3 is supplied with electrical charging energy from the energy storage module 4. The battery 1, in particular its battery network 7, comprises an electrical network of conductors, for example cables, circuit boards, busbars, etc., and in particular an electrical and / or electronic control device 22, which is set up to determine current strengths, voltage strengths and / or polarities within the to control and/or regulate the electrical line network of the battery network 7. In particular, the control device 22 is set up to switch the battery between the operating mode in which the power storage module 3 is charged by means of the energy storage module 4 and at least one other operating mode.

In the present example, the energy storage module 4 has a certain number of electrical energy storage units 6, so that a mass of the energy storage module 4 does not exceed a predetermined mass limit, in particular 10 kilograms or less, by means of the energy storage module 4, that is to say by means of the energy storage units 6 of the energy storage module 4 , a predetermined amount of electrical energy can be stored. The number of energy storage units 6 is determined such that, taking into account the expected energy consumption of the motor vehicle 2, a predetermined minimum distance, for example 25 kilometers or more, can be driven using the predetermined amount of energy stored in the energy storage module 4. In addition, in the present example it is provided that the number of energy storage units 6 is determined so that the energy storage module 4 can be charged with the predetermined amount of electrical energy within a predetermined period of time. In particular, it is provided that in order to charge the energy storage module 4 up to the predetermined amount of electrical energy, the energy storage units 6 of the energy storage module 4 are not fully charged, but rather up to a predetermined charge state limit value, for example 70%.

A possible application of the battery 1 or the motor vehicle 2 equipped with the battery 1 is described below using 3 explained, which shows the motor vehicle 2 in a schematic view with an example of use of the battery 1. A user 23 of the motor vehicle 2 or the battery 1 drives to a destination, for example to his place of work. The battery 1 of the motor vehicle 2 is in the coupling state, which means that the storage modules 3, 4 are coupled to one another or electrically connected to one another when driving to the destination point. It can therefore be provided that the motor vehicle 2 is driven to the destination point while the storage modules 3, 4 are unloaded. It is possible here that only the power storage module 3 is discharged or only that Energy storage module 4 is discharged. In addition, it is conceivable that in order to move the motor vehicle 2, both the power storage module 3 and the energy storage module 4 are discharged, for example one after the other or simultaneously. For a particularly efficient acceleration of the motor vehicle 2, a high electrical power is required, so that preferably, particularly in city traffic, electrical energy for driving or moving the motor vehicle 2 is provided to the consumer 9, which is designed here as a drive machine 24, by means of the power storage module 3. It can be provided that the power storage module 3 is charged by means of the energy storage module 4 - in particular while driving.

Once at the destination, the user 23 puts the battery 1 into the decoupling state by removing the energy storage module 4 from the battery 1, in particular from the motor vehicle 2. The memory modules 3, 4 are electrically separated from each other. Since the energy storage module 4 in the present example is particularly light and therefore portable or portable, it is particularly easy for the user 23 to take the energy storage module 4 with him to his workplace 25 and to connect it there to a household power network (not shown). in that the user 23 plugs the plug-in element 14 into a household power socket 13. In other words, the user connects the energy storage module 4 to the household power network by coupling the charging device 12 to the household power network via the plug-in element 14 and via the household power socket 13. The energy storage module 4 is then automatically or manually switched to a charging operating mode in which the energy storage units 6 of the energy storage module 4 are electrically charged. This is particularly time-efficient for the user 23, since the charging of the energy storage module 4 does not need to be supervised and it can take place during the user's 23 working hours. Due to the particularly slow and therefore cell-friendly charging of the energy storage module 4, temperature control of the energy storage module 4 is dispensed with.

As soon as the energy storage units 6 of the energy storage module 4 have been charged to the desired amount of energy, the user 23 can decouple the energy storage module 4 from the household power network by the user 23 decoupling the plug-in element 14 and the household power socket 13 from each other. If the user 23 intends to leave the destination point, for example the workplace, with the motor vehicle 2, the user 23 picks up the energy storage module 4 at the workplace 25 and carries it to the motor vehicle 2. There the user 23 puts the battery 1 back into the coupling state, in that the user 23 inserts the energy storage module 4 into the energy storage module receptacle 11 or into the motor vehicle 2. As a result, the memory modules 3, 4 are electrically connected to one another or electrically coupled to one another. The user 23 then starts his journey in the motor vehicle 2, with the electrical energy stored in the energy storage module 4 being used to drive the motor vehicle 2. This can be done directly or indirectly; On the one hand, it can be provided that electrical energy is provided directly from the energy storage module 4 to the consumer 9 or the drive machine 24, bypassing the power storage module 3. Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that the power storage module 3 is electrically charged by means of the energy storage module 4, so that electrical energy is provided to the consumer 9 or the drive machine 24 by means of the power storage module 3.

For the user 23, adjusting the battery 1 between its coupling state and its decoupling state is particularly easy, since in the present example it is provided that the energy storage module 4 is arranged in a portion of an interior 26 of the motor vehicle 2 that is accessible to the user 23 (for example an end user or end customer) can be reached or accessed particularly easily and/or with little effort. It is envisaged that the user 23 does not have to use any tools to reach the portion of the interior 26 or to reach the energy storage module 4. For example, the energy storage module 4 is easily accessible in a passenger cell, a cargo area, etc.

The battery 1, the motor vehicle 2 and the method for charging or partially charging the battery 1 show a respective possibility for being able to electrically charge a battery 1 of a fully or partially electrically driven or movable motor vehicle in a particularly simple or low-effort manner. A cell mix battery with energy cells (LFP) and power cells (NMC) is used here, whereby the power cells can also be electrical supercapacitors (SuperCaps). The advantage of such a battery is that you can build a particularly light and/or compact as well as economically particularly favorable battery, which can still be used to achieve high discharge and high charging power. Among other things, recuperation can be carried out with high efficiency, which is reflected in a range advantage for the motor vehicle 2 - especially in city driving. In order to enable the power cells to be recharged from the energy cells, a particularly powerful and particularly efficient DC converter is required between the storage modules 3, 4.

Since there is a need for temperature control, in particular cooling, only for the power storage module 3, temperature control, in particular cooling, of the energy storage module 4 can be dispensed with. Conceptually, the provision of temperature control of the energy storage module 4 involves particularly little effort, so that the temperature control device 15 can be equipped with the second temperature control branch 19 particularly easily.

Claims (9)

Battery (1) for a motor vehicle (2), the battery (1) having: - a first electrical storage module (3), which is designed to be electrically connected to the vehicle's on-board electrical system (10) in a stationary manner in the motor vehicle (2), - a second electrical storage module (4), - a temperature control device (15), which has a first temperature control branch (18) for temperature control of the first storage module (3) and a second temperature control branch (19) for temperature control of the second storage module (4), the battery (1) being between one - Coupling state in which the memory modules (3, 4) are electrically coupled to one another, - and a decoupling state in which the memory modules (3, 4) are electrically decoupled from one another, is adjustable, wherein the second memory module (4) has a charging device (12) via which it is electrically charged separately from the first memory module (3) in the decoupling state can be. Battery (1). Claim 1 , characterized in that in the coupling state the memory modules (3, 4) are mechanically coupled to one another, and in the decoupling state the memory modules (3, 4) are mechanically decoupled from one another. Battery (1). Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the battery (1) has an operating mode in which, in the coupling state, electrical charging energy from the second storage module (4) is supplied to the first storage module (3). Battery (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second storage module (4) is designed as an energy storage module (4), and the first storage module (3) is designed as a power storage module (3) which has a lower electrical energy density and has a higher electrical power density than the energy storage module (4). Battery (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the second storage module (4) has a certain number of electrical energy storage units (6), so that - a mass of the second storage module (4) does not exceed a predetermined mass limit, - by means of of the second storage module (4), a predetermined amount of electrical energy can be stored, wherein - the mass limit is 10 kilograms or less and / or - the number of energy storage units (5) is determined so that, taking into account an expected energy consumption of the motor vehicle (2). a predetermined minimum distance of 25 km or more can be driven using the predetermined amount of energy stored in the energy storage module (3), and/or - the number of energy storage units (5) is determined so that they are 70% charged with the predetermined amount of electrical energy . Battery (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the charging device (12) has a plug-in element (14) corresponding to a household power socket (13). Battery (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a locking element (20) which, between a locking position in which it projects into a coupling area (21) of the battery (1), protects the battery (1) against decoupling or coupling to lock the memory modules (3, 4), and a release position in which it is disengaged from the coupling area (21) in order to enable the decoupling or coupling of the memory modules (3, 4), is adjustable. Motor vehicle (2) with one according to one of the Claims 1 until 7 trained battery (1). Motor vehicle (2). Claim 8 , characterized in that the second storage module (4) is arranged in a portion of an interior (26) of the motor vehicle (2) that can be reached by an end user of the motor vehicle (2) without the use of a tool, in particular in a passenger cell or in a cargo space.

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