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DE102018218018A1 - Deposition welding of nickel-based superalloys using two powders, powder mixture and process - Google Patents

Deposition welding of nickel-based superalloys using two powders, powder mixture and process Download PDF

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Publication number
DE102018218018A1
DE102018218018A1 DE102018218018.0A DE102018218018A DE102018218018A1 DE 102018218018 A1 DE102018218018 A1 DE 102018218018A1 DE 102018218018 A DE102018218018 A DE 102018218018A DE 102018218018 A1 DE102018218018 A1 DE 102018218018A1
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Prior art keywords
aluminum
weight
content
nickel
process according
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DE102018218018.0A
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German (de)
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Bernd Burbaum
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Priority to DE102018218018.0A priority Critical patent/DE102018218018A1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2019/075665 priority patent/WO2020083593A1/en
Publication of DE102018218018A1 publication Critical patent/DE102018218018A1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
    • C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
    • C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
    • C22C19/056—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 10% but less than 20%
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/09—Mixtures of metallic powders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/009—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of turbine components other than turbine blades
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/04—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of turbine blades
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
    • B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
    • B22F7/08—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools with one or more parts not made from powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/0006—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring taking account of the properties of the material involved
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
    • B23K26/342—Build-up welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
    • B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
    • B23K35/0244—Powders, particles or spheres; Preforms made therefrom
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
    • B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
    • B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
    • B23K35/3033—Ni as the principal constituent
    • B23K35/304—Ni as the principal constituent with Cr as the next major constituent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/0433—Nickel- or cobalt-based alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
    • C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
    • C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
    • C22C19/057—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being less 10%
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/08—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat
    • C23C24/10—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of heat or pressure and heat with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer
    • C23C24/103—Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides
    • C23C24/106—Coating with metal alloys or metal elements only
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
    • C23C28/021—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material including at least one metal alloy layer
    • C23C28/022—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material including at least one metal alloy layer with at least one MCrAlX layer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/02—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material
    • C23C28/028—Including graded layers in composition or in physical properties, e.g. density, porosity, grain size
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/40—Coatings including alternating layers following a pattern, a periodic or defined repetition
    • C23C28/42—Coatings including alternating layers following a pattern, a periodic or defined repetition characterized by the composition of the alternating layers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
    • C23C28/40—Coatings including alternating layers following a pattern, a periodic or defined repetition
    • C23C28/44—Coatings including alternating layers following a pattern, a periodic or defined repetition characterized by a measurable physical property of the alternating layer or system, e.g. thickness, density, hardness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/001—Turbines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
    • B23K2103/26—Alloys of Nickel and Cobalt and Chromium
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    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

Durch die Verwendung von zwei verschiedenen Nickelbasis-Superlegierungen, die sich vorzugsweise nur in der Zusammensetzung des Aluminiumgehalts unterscheiden, wird eine gute Auftragschweißung erzielt.Good build-up welding is achieved by using two different nickel-based superalloys, which preferably differ only in the composition of the aluminum content.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft das Auftragschweißen von Nickelbasis-Superlegierungen unter der Verwendung von zwei verschiedenen Pulvern, eine Pulvermischung und eine Auftragschweißung. Sie betrifft weiterhin die Verbesserung der Oxidationsbeständigkeit einer Schaufelspitze von Turbinenschaufeln.The invention relates to the surfacing of nickel-based superalloys using two different powders, a powder mixture and a surfacing. It also relates to improving the oxidation resistance of a blade tip of turbine blades.

Aufgrund der Zunahme der Temperatur an der Spitze der Turbinenschaufeln der Reihe 1 und 2 reicht die Langzeitoxidationsbeständigkeit der bisherigen Legierungen nicht aus ohne eine zusätzliche Kühlung in der Form von Kühlluft einzusetzen. Um diesen Kühlluftverbrauch zu reduzieren, wird ein Werkstoff benötigt, der eine hohe Oxidationsbeständigkeit aufweist.Because of the increase in temperature at the top of the turbine blades of the series 1 and 2nd the long-term oxidation resistance of previous alloys is not sufficient without using additional cooling in the form of cooling air. To reduce this cooling air consumption, a material is required that has a high resistance to oxidation.

Es ist daher Aufgabe der Erfindung, o. g. Problem zu lösen.It is therefore an object of the invention, o. G. Solve a problem.

Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch eine Auftragschweißung gemäß Anspruch 1, eine Pulvermischung gemäß Anspruch 2 und ein Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 3.The object is achieved by a surfacing according to claim 1, a powder mixture according to claim 2 and a method according to claim 3.

In den Unteransprüchen sind weitere vorteilhafte Maßnahmen aufgelistet, die beliebig miteinander kombiniert werden können, um weitere Vorteile zu erzielen.The subclaims list further advantageous measures which can be combined with one another as desired in order to achieve further advantages.

Es zeigen die 1 ein beispielhaftes Bauteil für die Erfindung und 2 die erfindungsgemäße Vorgehensweise.They show 1 an exemplary component for the invention and 2nd the procedure according to the invention.

Die Figuren in der Beschreibung stellen nur Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung dar.The figures in the description represent only exemplary embodiments of the invention.

Eine Auftragschweißung erfolgt insbesondere mittels Laserstrahl-Auftragschweißen unter Verwendung von zwei Pulverwerkstoffen.Deposition welding is carried out in particular by means of laser beam deposition welding using two powder materials.

Die beiden Nickelbasis-Superlegierungen unterscheiden sich zumindest in der Zusammensetzung des Gehaltes an Aluminium (Al). Beide für die Schweißung eingesetzten Legierungen gelten als schweißbar.The two nickel-based superalloys differ at least in the composition of the aluminum (Al) content. Both alloys used for welding are considered to be weldable.

Die erste Legierung (Legierung 1) ist mit einem Anteil von vorzugsweise 3% bis 4% an Aluminium (Al) unkritisch für Rissbildung, da nicht hinreichend viel Ni3Al ausgeschieden wird.The first alloy (alloy 1) with a proportion of preferably 3% to 4% of aluminum (Al) is not critical for crack formation, since not enough Ni 3 Al is excreted.

Die zweite Legierung (Legierung 2) ist mit vorzugsweise 7% bis 8% Aluminium (Al) „übersättigt“ und bildet neben der Ni3Al die NiAl Phase aus.The second alloy (alloy 2) is "oversaturated" with preferably 7% to 8% aluminum (Al) and forms the NiAl phase in addition to the Ni 3 Al.

Beide Pulverwerkstoffe aus erster und zweiter Legierung können in einer beliebigen Anzahl an Lagen abwechselnd aufgetragen werden.Both powder materials made of first and second alloy can be applied alternately in any number of layers.

Je nach lokaler Zusammensetzung wird nach einer Diffusionswärmebehandlung das NiAl aufgelöst und je nach dem mehr Ni3Al für Hochtemperaturbeständigkeit oder mehr NiAl für Oxidationsbeständigkeit gebildet. In Kombination bilden Legierung 1 + Legierung 2 vermehrt die Ni3Al-Phase aus. Die NiAl-Phase kann wieder mittels einer Wärmebehandlung aufgelöst werden.Depending on the local composition, the NiAl is dissolved after a diffusion heat treatment and depending on the more Ni 3 Al for high-temperature resistance or more NiAl for oxidation resistance. In combination, alloy 1 + alloy 2 increasingly form the Ni 3 Al phase. The NiAl phase can be dissolved again by means of a heat treatment.

Eine mögliche Zusammensetzung für Legierung 1 und Legierung 2 insbesondere abschließende Legierungsauflistung ist in folgenden Tabellen dargestellt:A possible composition for alloy 1 and alloy 2, especially the final alloy list, is shown in the following tables:

Legierung 1: Nickel (Ni) 53,04 Kohlenstoff (C) 0,02 Chrom (Cr) 14,95 Kobalt (Co) 20,35 Molybdän (Mo) 0,10 Wolfram (W) 1,90 Titan (Ti) 0,15 Aluminium (Al) 7,00 Bor (B) 0,08 Tantal (Ta) 0,89 Hafnium (Hf) 0,27 Yttrium (Y) 0,21 Rhenium (Re) 1,05. alloy 1 : Nickel (Ni) 53.04 Carbon (C) 0.02 Chrome (Cr) 14.95 Cobalt (Co) 20.35 Molybdenum (Mo) 0.10 Tungsten (W) 1.90 Titanium (Ti) 0.15 Aluminum (Al) 7.00 Boron (B) 0.08 Tantalum (Ta) 0.89 Hafnium (Hf) 0.27 Yttrium (Y) 0.21 Rhenium (Re) 1.05.

Legierung 2: Nickel (Ni) 56,04 Kohlenstoff (C) 0,02 Chrom (Cr) 14,95 Kobalt (Co) 20,35 Molybdän (Mo) 0,10 Wolfram (W) 1,90 Titan (Ti) 0,15 Aluminium (Al) 4,00 Bor (B) 0,08 Tantal (Ta) 0,89 Hafnium (Hf) 0,27 Yttrium (Y) 0,21 Rhenium (Re) 1,05 Alloy 2: Nickel (Ni) 56.04 Carbon (C) 0.02 Chrome (Cr) 14.95 Cobalt (Co) 20.35 Molybdenum (Mo) 0.10 Tungsten (W) 1.90 Titanium (Ti) 0.15 Aluminum (Al) 4.00 Boron (B) 0.08 Tantalum (Ta) 0.89 Hafnium (Hf) 0.27 Yttrium (Y) 0.21 Rhenium (Re) 1.05

Die Vorteile sind:

  • verbesserte Materialeigenschaften des Bauteils im Vergleich zu geschweißten Bauteilen unter Verwendung nur einer Schweißlegierung;
  • Verbesserung der Oxidationsbeständigkeit durch Zunahme an Aluminium (Al);
  • Einsparung von Material, Verkleinerung der Ausschusszahlen bei Service-Bauteilen.
The advantages are:
  • improved material properties of the component compared to welded components using only one welding alloy;
  • Improvement of the oxidation resistance by increasing aluminum (Al);
  • Saving of material, reduction in the number of rejects for service components.

Die 1 zeigt ein beispielhaftes Bauteil 1, hier insbesondere eine Turbinenschaufel 1 mit einer Schaufelspitze 4.The 1 shows an exemplary component 1, here in particular a turbine blade 1 with a shovel tip 4th .

Diese Schaufelspitze 4 unterliegt extremen Anforderungen und wird für die Wiederverwendung überarbeitet.This blade tip 4th is subject to extreme requirements and is being revised for reuse.

Dabei muss neues Material auf den Boden 13 (2) aufgetragen werden.
Wie schon oben erläutert, ist es schwierig, Nickelbasis-Superlegierungen zu schweißen. Durch die Verwendung von zwei verschiedenen Legierungen, die abwechselnd lagenweise aufgetragen werden und sich nur in der Zusammensetzung des Aluminiumgehalts unterscheiden, kann hier eine gute Auftragschweißung 16 erfolgen.New material has to be put on the floor 13 ( 2nd ) are applied.
As explained above, it is difficult to weld nickel-based super alloys. By using two different alloys, which are applied alternately in layers and differ only in the composition of the aluminum content, good build-up welding can be done here 16 respectively.

Die Auftragschweißung erfolgt vorzugsweise durch eine Düse 7 mit einem Laserstrahl 10, der insbesondere pulverförmiges Material auf den Boden 13 aufträgt.The surfacing is preferably carried out through a nozzle 7 with a laser beam 10th , the particular powdery material on the floor 13 applies.

Vorzugsweise wird mit einer Schicht aus einer zweiten Legierung begonnen, die einen niedrigeren Gehalt an Aluminium (Al) aufweist, auf die dann eine Auftragslage aus einer ersten Legierung folgt, die einen höheren Gehalt an Aluminium (Al) aufweist.It is preferable to start with a layer of a second alloy that has a lower aluminum (Al) content, which is then followed by an application layer of a first alloy that has a higher aluminum (Al) content.

Auftragslage kann hier genau eine Höhe einer Schweißbahn sein oder auch mehrere Schweißbahnen übereinander bedeuten.The order situation here can be exactly one height of a welding track or it can also mean several welding tracks one above the other.

Hier in dem speziellen Fall wird die Dicke der Auftragslage 19', 19" mit der zweiten Legierung konstant gehalten und nach außen hin werden die Lagen 20', 20" mit der ersten Legierung mit dem höheren Gehalt an Aluminium (Al) dicker ausgestaltet.Here in the special case the thickness of the order layer 19 ' , 19 " with the second alloy, the layers are kept constant and outwards 20 ' , 20 " made thicker with the first alloy with the higher aluminum (Al) content.

Die Dicke der Auftragslage mit dem höheren Gehalt an Aluminium (Al) ist vorzugsweise mindestens zweimal so dick ist wie die Dicke der Auftragslage mit dem niedrigeren Gehalt an Aluminium (Al).The thickness of the application layer with the higher content of aluminum (Al) is preferably at least twice as thick as the thickness of the application layer with the lower content of aluminum (Al).

Die äußerste Lage 20" der Schaufelspitze 4 bildet eine Auftragslage aus der Legierung mit dem niedrigeren Gehalt an Aluminium, vorzugsweise 4% Aluminium (Al).The outermost location 20 " the tip of the blade 4th forms an order layer from the alloy with the lower content of aluminum, preferably 4% aluminum (Al).

Die Nickelbasislegierungen können angepasst an das Substrat des Materials ausgewählt werden, wobei der Unterschied in dem Gehalt an Aluminium (Al) mindestens 2 Gew.-%, insbesondere mindestens 3 Gew.-% beträgt, wobei durch den niedrigeren Aluminiumgehalt weniger Ni3Al ausgeschieden wird, wohingegen die zweite Legierung einen Aluminiumgehalt aufweist, die an Aluminium übersättigt ist und neben der Ni3Al-Phase die NiAl-Phase ausscheidet.
Der maximale Unterschied im Gehalt an Aluminium (Al) beträgt 7 Gew.-%, insbesondere maximal 5 Gew.-%.The nickel-based alloys can be selected to match the substrate of the material, the difference in the aluminum (Al) content being at least 2% by weight, in particular at least 3% by weight, with less Ni 3 Al being eliminated by the lower aluminum content , whereas the second alloy has an aluminum content which is supersaturated with aluminum and which precipitates the NiAl phase in addition to the Ni 3 Al phase.
The maximum difference in the aluminum (Al) content is 7% by weight, in particular a maximum of 5% by weight.

Der Unterschied im Gehalt an Nickel (Ni) in Legierung 1 und 2 beträgt mindestens 3 Gew.-%, insbesondere höchstens 6 Gew.-%.The difference in the content of nickel (Ni) in alloys 1 and 2 is at least 3% by weight, in particular at most 6% by weight.

Der Gehalt in den Legierungen für die Auftragslagen ..., 20', 19', 20", 19", ... ist von zumindest zwei Elementen gleich, insbesondere ist von allen Elementen gleich außer von Nickel (Ni) und Aluminium (Al).The content in the alloys for the application layers ..., 20 ', 19', 20 ", 19", ... is the same for at least two elements, in particular for all elements except nickel (Ni) and aluminum (Al ).

Vorzugweise wird auf ein Substrat 13 aus einem gerichtet erstarrten Werkstoff aufgetragen:Preferably on a substrate 13 applied from a directionally solidified material:

Gerichtete Legierung (in Gewichtsprozent): Min. Max. C: 0.07% - 0.08% Cr: 8.00% - 8.50% Co: 9.00% - 9.50% Mo: 0.40% - 0.60% Ti: 0.60% - 0.90% Al: 5.45% - 5.75% B: 0.01% - 0.02% Zr: 0.005% - 0.02% Ta: 3.10% - 3.30% W: 9.30% - 9.70% Fe: max. 0.5% Hf: 1.20% - 1.60% Ni: Rest. Directed alloy (in percent by weight): Min. Max. C: 0.07% - 0.08% Cr: 8.00% - 8.50% Co: 9.00% - 9.50% Mon: 0.40% - 0.60% Ti: 0.60% - 0.90% Al: 5.45% - 5.75% B: 0.01% - 0.02% Zr: 0.005% - 0.02% Ta: 3.10% - 3.30% W: 9.30% - 9.70% Fe: Max. 0.5% Hf: 1.20% - 1.60% Ni: Rest.

Ebenso ist der Auftrag auf eine globulare Legierung (in Gewichtsprozent) möglich: Min. Max. C: 0.07% - 0.08% Cr: 8.00% - 8.50% Co: 9.00% - 9.50% Mo: 0.40% - 0.60% W: 9.30% - 9.70% Ti: 0.60% - 0.90% Al: 5.40% - 5.70% B: 0.01% - 0.02% Zr: 0.005% - 0.02% Ta: 3.10% - 3.30% Fe: max. 0.15% Hf: 1.00% - 1.60% Ni: Rest. It is also possible to apply to a global alloy (in percent by weight): Min. Max. C: 0.07% - 0.08% Cr: 8.00% - 8.50% Co: 9.00% - 9.50% Mon: 0.40% - 0.60% W: 9.30% - 9.70% Ti: 0.60% - 0.90% Al: 5.40% - 5.70% B: 0.01% - 0.02% Zr: 0.005% - 0.02% Ta: 3.10% - 3.30% Fe: Max. 0.15% Hf: 1.00% - 1.60% Ni: Rest.

In beiden Fällen ist Eisen (Fe) enthalten.Iron (Fe) is contained in both cases.

Claims (14)

Auftragschweißung (16), insbesondere auf einer nickel- oder kobaltbasierten Superlegierung, ganz insbesondere auf einer globularen oder gerichtet erstarrten Struktur, die lagenweise (..., 20', 19', 20", 19", ...) verschiedene Nickelbasis-Superlegierungen aufweist, die einen Unterschied im Gehalt an Aluminium (Al) aufweisen, der Unterschied mindestens 1 Gew.-%, insbesondere mindestens 2 Gew.-% beträgt.Surfacing (16), especially on a nickel- or cobalt-based superalloy, especially on a globular or directionally solidified structure, which has different layers of nickel-based superalloys (..., 20 ', 19', 20 ", 19", ...), which have a difference in the aluminum (Al) content, the difference is at least 1% by weight, is in particular at least 2% by weight. Pulvermischung, aufweisend zwei verschiedene Nickelbasis-Superlegierungen, die einen Unterschied im Gehalt an Aluminium (Al) aufweisen, der Unterschied mindestens 1 Gew.-%, insbesondere mindestens 2 Gew.-% beträgt.Powder mixture, comprising two different nickel-based superalloys which have a difference in the aluminum (Al) content, the difference is at least 1% by weight, is in particular at least 2% by weight. Verfahren zur Auftragschweißung auf einer Unterlage (13), bei dem verschiedene Nickelbasislegierungen lagenweise (..., 20', 19', 20", 19", ...) aufgetragen werden, die einen Unterschied im Gehalt an Aluminium (Al) aufweisen, der Unterschied mindestens 1 Gew.-%, insbesondere mindestens 2 Gew.-% beträgt.Process for surfacing on a base (13), in which different nickel-based alloys are applied in layers (..., 20 ', 19', 20 ", 19", ...), which have a difference in the aluminum (Al) content, the difference is at least 1% by weight, is in particular at least 2% by weight. Auftragschweißung, Pulvermischung oder Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, 2 oder 3, bei der der Unterschied im Gehalt an Aluminium (Al) höchstens 7 Gew.-%, insbesondere höchstens 5 Gew.-% beträgt.Build-up welding, powder mixing or process according to Claim 1 , 2nd or 3rd , in which the difference in the aluminum (Al) content is at most 7% by weight, in particular at most 5% by weight. Auftragschweißung, Pulvermischung oder Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1, 2, 3 oder 4, bei der der Unterschied im Gehalt an Nickel (Ni) mindestens 3 Gew.-%, insbesondere höchstens 6 Gew.-% beträgt.Build-up welding, powder mixing or process according to one or more of the Claims 1 , 2nd , 3rd or 4th , in which the difference in the nickel (Ni) content is at least 3% by weight, in particular at most 6% by weight. Auftragschweißung oder Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1, 3, 4 oder 5, bei der die Auftragslagen (..., 20', 19', 20", 19", ...) aus der zweiten Legierung mit dem höheren Gehalt an Aluminium (Al) nach außen hin dicker werden, wobei insbesondere die Dicke der Auftragslage aus der ersten Legierung mit dem niedrigeren Gehalt an Aluminium (Al) konstant bleibt.Cladding or process according to one or more of the Claims 1 , 3rd , 4th or 5 , in which the application layers (..., 20 ', 19', 20 ", 19", ...) of the second alloy with the higher content of aluminum (Al) become thicker towards the outside, in particular the thickness of the Order situation from the first alloy with the lower aluminum (Al) content remains constant. Auftragschweißung, Pulvermischung oder Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 oder 6, bei der der Gehalt in den Legierungen für die Auftragslagen (..., 20', 19', 20", 19", ...) von zumindest zwei Elementen gleich ist, insbesondere von allen Elementen gleich ist außer von Nickel (Ni) und Aluminium (Al).Build-up welding, powder mixing or process according to one or more of the Claims 1 , 2nd , 3rd , 4th , 5 or 6 , in which the content in the alloys for the application layers (..., 20 ', 19', 20 ", 19", ...) of at least two elements is the same, in particular of all elements is the same except for nickel (Ni ) and aluminum (Al). Auftragschweißung, Pulvermischung oder Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, bei der die zweite Legierung mit dem höheren Aluminiumgehalt folgende Zusammensetzung aufweist (in Gew.-%), insbesondere bestehend aus: Nickel (Ni) 53,04 Kohlenstoff (C) 0,02 Chrom (Cr) 14,95 Kobalt (Co) 20,35 Molybdän (Mo) 0,10 Wolfram (W) 1,90 Titan (Ti) 0,15 Aluminium (Al) 7,00 Bor (B) 0,08 Tantal (Ta) 0,89 Hafnium (Hf) 0,27 Yttrium (Y) 0,21 Rhenium (Re) 1,05.
Build-up welding, powder mixing or process according to one or more of the Claims 1 to 7 , in which the second alloy with the higher aluminum content has the following composition (in% by weight), in particular consisting of: Nickel (Ni) 53.04 Carbon (C) 0.02 Chrome (Cr) 14.95 Cobalt (Co) 20.35 Molybdenum (Mo) 0.10 Tungsten (W) 1.90 Titanium (Ti) 0.15 Aluminum (Al) 7.00 Boron (B) 0.08 Tantalum (Ta) 0.89 Hafnium (Hf) 0.27 Yttrium (Y) 0.21 Rhenium (Re) 1.05.
Auftragschweißung, Pulvermischung oder Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, bei der die erste Legierung mit dem niedrigeren Aluminiumgehalt folgende Zusammensetzung aufweist (in Gew.-%), insbesondere bestehend aus: Nickel (Ni) 56,04 Kohlenstoff (C) 0,02 Chrom (Cr) 14,95 Kobalt (Co) 20,35 Molybdän (Mo) 0,10 Wolfram (W) 1,90 Titan (Ti) 0,15 Aluminium (Al) 4,00 Bor (B) 0,08 Tantal (Ta) 0,89 Hafnium (Hf) 0,27 Yttrium (Y) 0,21 Rhenium (Re) 1,05.
Build-up welding, powder mixing or process according to one or more of the Claims 1 to 8th , in which the first alloy with the lower aluminum content has the following composition (in% by weight), in particular consisting of: Nickel (Ni) 56.04 Carbon (C) 0.02 Chrome (Cr) 14.95 Cobalt (Co) 20.35 Molybdenum (Mo) 0.10 Tungsten (W) 1.90 Titanium (Ti) 0.15 Aluminum (Al) 4.00 Boron (B) 0.08 Tantalum (Ta) 0.89 Hafnium (Hf) 0.27 Yttrium (Y) 0.21 Rhenium (Re) 1.05.
Auftragschweißung, Pulvermischung oder Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, bei dem die Legierung zumindest Nickel (Ni), Chrom (Cr), Kobalt (Co), Aluminium (Al), Kohlenstoff (C) und optional Tantal (Ta), Wolfram (W), Titan (Ti) aufweist.Build-up welding, powder mixing or process according to one or more of the Claims 1 to 9 , in which the alloy has at least nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), aluminum (Al), carbon (C) and optionally tantalum (Ta), tungsten (W), titanium (Ti). Auftragschweißung oder Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1, 3 bis 10, bei dem die äußerste Lage (20"') der Auftragschweißung (16) aus der Legierung mit dem niedrigeren Gehalt an Aluminium (Al) besteht.Cladding or process according to one or more of the Claims 1 , 3rd to 10th , in which the outermost layer (20 "') of the build-up weld (16) consists of the alloy with the lower aluminum (Al) content. Auftragschweißung oder Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1, 3 bis 11, bei dem die Dicke der Auftragslage mit dem höheren Gehalt an Aluminium (Al) immer mindestens zweimal so dick ist wie die Dicke der Auftragslage mit dem niedrigeren Gehalt an Aluminium (Al).Cladding or process according to one or more of the Claims 1 , 3rd to 11 , in which the thickness of the application layer with the higher aluminum (Al) content is always at least twice as thick as the thickness of the application layer with the lower aluminum (Al) content. Auftragschweißung oder Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1, 3 bis 12, wobei das Substrat (13) folgende Legierung (in Gewichtsprozent) aufweist: Min. Max. C: 0.07% - 0.08% Cr: 8.00% - 8.50% Co: 9.00% - 9.50% Mo: 0.40% - 0.60% Ti: 0.60% - 0.90% Al: 5.45% - 5.75% B: 0.01% - 0.02% Zr: 0.005% - 0.02% Ta: 3.10% - 3.30% W: 9.30% - 9.70% Fe: max. 0.5% Hf: 1.20% - 1.60% Ni: Rest,
und gerichtet erstarrt ist.Cladding or process according to one or more of the Claims 1 , 3rd to 12th , wherein the substrate (13) has the following alloy (in percent by weight): Min. Max. C: 0.07% - 0.08% Cr: 8.00% - 8.50% Co: 9.00% - 9.50% Mon: 0.40% - 0.60% Ti: 0.60% - 0.90% Al: 5.45% - 5.75% B: 0.01% - 0.02% Zr: 0.005% - 0.02% Ta: 3.10% - 3.30% W: 9.30% - 9.70% Fe: Max. 0.5% Hf: 1.20% - 1.60% Ni: Rest,
and solidified directionally. Auftragschweißung oder Verfahren nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1, 3 bis 12, wobei das Substrat (13) folgende Legierung (in Gewichtsprozent) aufweist: Min. Max. C: 0.07% - 0.08% Cr: 8.00% - 8.50% Co: 9.00% - 9.50% Mo: 0.40% - 0.60% W: 9.30% - 9.70% Ti: 0.60% - 0.90% Al: 5.40% - 5.70% B: 0.01% - 0.02% Zr: 0.005% - 0.02% Ta: 3.10% - 3.30% Fe: max. 0.15% Hf: 1.00% - 1.60% Ni: Rest,
und globular erstarrt ist.Cladding or process according to one or more of the Claims 1 , 3rd to 12th , wherein the substrate (13) has the following alloy (in percent by weight): Min. Max. C: 0.07% - 0.08% Cr: 8.00% - 8.50% Co: 9.00% - 9.50% Mon: 0.40% - 0.60% W: 9.30% - 9.70% Ti: 0.60% - 0.90% Al: 5.40% - 5.70% B: 0.01% - 0.02% Zr: 0.005% - 0.02% Ta: 3.10% - 3.30% Fe: Max. 0.15% Hf: 1.00% - 1.60% Ni: Rest,
and solidified globally.
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