DE10041775C1 - Fixing system for wall elements on building walls comprises a holding device having fixing surfaces designed as profile rails which receive holding elements moving in the longitudinal direction of the rails - Google Patents

Abstract

Fixing system for wall elements (1) on building walls (2) comprises a holding device (6) fixed on the building and a hanging device engaging in the holding device and holding one or more wall elements on the side facing away from the building. The fixing surfaces of the holding device are designed as profile rails (7) which on the side facing away from the building receive holding elements (8) moving in the longitudinal direction of the rails. The rails are designed so that the holding elements after insertion in the rails are prevented from falling out. Two parallel rails are connected in one piece by a T-shape part. Preferred Features: The holding elements are fixably arranged in the rails. The rails have a bearing surface (11) along which a bearing section (12) of a holding element can slide.

Description

The invention relates to a fastening system for wall elements on buildings walls with a holding device attached to the building and one with the Holding device engaged hooking device on the building the opposite side one or more wall elements are held, whereby the engagement formed by the holding device and the hanging device system at least two spaced apart in the horizontal direction Rows with at least two holding elements arranged vertically one below the other ten, wherein in each row at least one holding element with the holding device as a counter bearing that is held by the suspension device with it vertical wall forces resulting th wall elements, the Holding device around at least two vertically extending fastening surfaces summarizes, which are arranged along the horizontally spaced rows, wherein the hanging device of at least four, before installing the wall elements independently of each other in the longitudinal direction of the mounting surfaces arranged holding elements is formed, and wherein the holding elements Hal t sections have correspondingly shaped sections of the wall reach behind the elements and prevent the wall elements from falling out secure their installation in the suspension device.  

Such a fastening system is known from DE 39 34 686 C2.

Numerous fastening and suspension systems of this type are from practice known. The plate weights and operating loads, for example from wind pressure or wind suction, with relatively complex and thus also sil retaining and adjustment constructions.

FIGS. 3a and 3b illustrate to a vertical section and a horizontal section through a facade standard part of the prior art, in which the facade panel is suspended via a hook in a transverse pin fastened to the body shell of a substructure. The plate weight and the additional operating loads are normally distributed on bolt hangings arranged next to each other with vertical distances of up to 1 m. This was based on the previously valid idea of being particularly efficient and therefore inexpensive to manufacture. The resulting relatively high stress on the individual suspension points requires very strong and therefore heavy frame structures of the wall elements and also appropriately designed substructures on the building wall. The design of the strength of the entire construction is based on the principle that in the worst case the plate only rests in two places. This gave rise to this type of suspension, which was quite reliable, but heavy, which required a lot of material and labor.

In addition, the large distance between the suspension points leads to this Weight distributed at points with deformation due to assembly and operation for larger plate bulges, twists and bending stresses, what with brittle materials such as stone, glass, ceramics and concrete the cracking favored.

The large amount of material and the heavy construction of the conventional Fastening systems are required for sufficient stiffening of the Holding frame with the mounted wall elements in the attached state on the substructure attached to the building wall.  

An improved fastening system is known from the German utility model 298 14 948.6, in which the counter bearing to the Hook through a vertical sequence of preferably slot-shaped recesses mungs are formed, the hooks are protruding, and in each Row at least three hooks with the corresponding counter bearings from the Hanging device with vertika originating from mounted wall elements len absorb operational forces. This is supposed to be a simple suspension from Fassa denplatten and other wall elements allow for less Weight and considerable material and labor savings in the manufacture of the fastening system is a vertical, distributed over considerably more points Has operating load absorption and thus overall higher stability and Insensitivity to vibrations e.g. B. guaranteed from wind forces.

A disadvantage of this known system, however, is that the attachments device always fixed in advance on the back of the wall elements must be installed before the wall elements including the hanging device can be hung in the holding device. The wall elements as sol che are therefore difficult to disassemble and also not easily individually interchangeable.

The invention is based on the object, a fastening system of the type described in the introduction to make it as simple as possible and inexpensive to manufacture parts with a low weight, in which the individual wall elements can be easily assembled and disassembled, ins especially in the event of damage to individual other wall elements are interchangeable, the suspension device in particular not in advance be firmly mounted on the back of the wall elements on the building side must, the holding elements before mounting the wall elements in the Hal device should be able to be stored in magazine and secured against falling out, and wherein the mounting surfaces for adjacent wall elements egg should have a defined distance from each other.

According to the invention, this task is as surprisingly simple as effective way solved that the mounting surfaces of the  Holding device are designed as profile rails, which on your building facing away the holding elements in the longitudinal direction of the rails ver can be slidably received, the rails being designed such that the holding elements after inserting them into the rails on a hori prevent zontal falling out of the rails, and that two each parallel running rails are connected in one piece via a T-piece.

Through the use of rails according to the invention and in this shooting NEN displaceable small holding elements will be compared to the above Known fastening systems wrote the dead weight of the ver used parts again reduced, which further saves weight of the entire fastening system. The holding elements can - in front or after attaching the holding device to the building wall, on everyone Case before installing the wall elements - inserted into the rails and there until the assembly of the wall elements. This makes it easier Installation process of the wall elements considerably and gives a large space also for the disassembly and interchangeability of individual wall elements.

The formation of the mounting surface for the holding elements as rails is known per se from EP 0 479 733 A1. However, here the geometri corresponds cal structure of the fastening system is not the one described above Features. In addition, there is always a common rail with ge common holding elements for two adjacent wall elements intended.

To define a defined operating load distribution in the assembled state and te, precisely defined distances for easier installation of the wall elements with predeterminable relative position of the holding sections on the correspond to reach the sections of the wall elements are at one  particularly preferred embodiment of the fastener according to the invention the locking elements in the rails arranged fixable.

In an advantageous further development of this type of training, the Each rail on a tread on which a running section of the holding elements can slide along. The treads and those against the treads facing counter surfaces of the barrel sections should be designed so that they can be moved relative to each other with as little friction as possible, which Assembly process made considerably easier. For example, the respective Surfaces as smooth metal surfaces, possibly even with sliding coatings be designed.

A particularly preferred further development is characterized in that the Treads on defined, preferably in the longitudinal direction of the rails equi Distances arranged openings, especially round holes indicate that in the running sections of the holding elements from Takes, especially elongated holes are provided, and that the stops elements on the rails by means of the recesses and the through broken plug can be attached. In this way defined distances and a simple fixation without screwing technically easy to implement. In addition, this variant of the invention the holding elements can be easily assembled and detached again. By then The wall elements mounted on the outside of the building are the push-through elements Bolts are automatically secured against loosening and slipping out.

In an alternative development, it is provided that the running sections of the Holding elements have continuous threaded holes, and that the Holding elements on the rails by means of the threaded holes screwed clamping screws or threaded bolts can be attached. With this variant, no openings on the rails have to be provided be so that the treads are continuous and smooth without interruption run. The respective position of the holding elements in their fixed position in  the rails can be freely adjusted along the rail axis. The stops elements are in the preselected position by means of the thread drilling turned clamping screws or threaded bolts against the tread the corresponding rail clamped.

An embodiment of the fastener according to the invention is particularly inexpensive system, in which the rails are made of extruded molded profiles are preferably constructed from aluminum molded profiles. Such strand Pressed shaped profiles are also available in almost any configuration Special applications, but especially as a standardized mass product available very inexpensively.

A further development of this embodiment is particularly advantageous, in which the Rails over brackets, especially preferably made of aluminum existing angle or T brackets rigidly connected to the building wall are. This connection technology is in itself in a different context Building applications well known.

Another, particularly preferred embodiment of the invention Fastening system is characterized in that between horizontal wall elements mounted next to each other are essentially vertically blue fende, resilient spacers are arranged in the building side suitable mounting grooves of the holding device inserted or pressed in are. This allows the wall elements to be held horizontally in a defined position and any manufacturing tolerances in the fastening system be balanced.

The resilient spacers can be made from an elasti be plastic inexpensive and lightweight.

Alternatively, especially with higher mechanical requirements, the resilient spacers can also be made of metal.  

In a particularly preferred development, the resilient distance holder so that when installed, it puts pressure on the wall exercise elements and thereby also movements perpendicular to the plane of the Building wall and thus the rattling noises of the assembled Can prevent wall elements.

In a further particularly preferred embodiment of the invention according to the fastening system is the holding device with a thermal Separating layer, especially with insulation material towards the building wall deposited. The thermal separation layer can, for example, by means of dowels Shell to be fixed. It is also possible to attach the insulation layer over the brackets of the holding device on the building wall.

In further advantageous embodiments of the fastener according to the invention system can reduce the torsional and bending stiffness of the entire Fastening system can be significantly improved in that the vertical running rails stiffened by cross struts, especially as all-round Frames are formed.

Further advantages of the invention result from the description and the Drawing. Likewise, those mentioned above and those still open Features according to the invention, each individually or in groups can be used in any combination. The shown and described The above embodiments are not to be regarded as a final list stand, but rather have exemplary character for the description the invention.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing and is based on a Embodiment explained in more detail. Show it:  

Figure 1 shows a spatial, partially cut-away embodiment of the fastening system according to the invention in a view obliquely from above.

Figure 2 shows a schematic vertical section through an embodiment of the fastening system of the invention with a mounted wall element.

Figure 3a shows a schematic vertical section through a fastening system according to the prior art.

FIG. 3b is a schematic horizontal section through the fastening system according to the prior art shown in FIG 3a in the region of Einhängebolzens.

Figure 4 is a plan view in the horizontal direction on a double rail of the mounting system according to the invention.

Fig. 5a is a schematic side view from the horizontal on a sliding holding element of the fastening system according to the invention;

Fig. 5b as shown in Figure 5a, but front view from the horizontal.

Fig. 5c as shown in Figure 5a, but plan view from vertical.

Figure 6a is a schematic side view from the horizontal to a use as a closure part at the upper or lower end of the rail holding member.

Fig. 6b as shown in 6a, but frontal view from the horizontal.

Fig. 6c to Fig 6a, but plan view from vertical. and

Fig. 7 is a schematic plan view from the vertical of an embodiment of the fastening system according to the invention with a resilient spacer between two horizontally adjacent wall elements.

In the spatial representation shown in Fig. 1, a building wall 2 can be seen above and to the right, to which an insulating layer 3 connects in the foreground and left, which is filled with insulation material and on its side facing away from the wall 2 to a cavity 4 adjacent to the rear ventilation of the building's facade. A holder 5 is drawn through the cavity 4 and the insulating layer 3 , via which the rails 7 of a holding device 6 are rigidly connected to the building wall 2 .

In the exemplary embodiment shown, the holding device 6 consists of two parallel profile rails 7 , which are connected in one piece via a T-piece, made of metal, preferably aluminum, which can hold holding elements 8 on their side facing away from the building, which in turn has wall elements 1 , for example carrier plates, on their side facing away from the building , Tiles, tiles, facade panels and the like.

The holding elements 8 have running sections 12 which can slide along a running surface 11 within a rail 7 in the longitudinal direction thereof. By means of bolts 13 , which can be inserted through recesses 12 a in the running sections 12 and through openings 11 a shown in FIG. 4, the holding elements 8 are fixed at a specific longitudinal position of the rail 7 in the exemplary embodiment shown. Instead of bolts 13 which can be inserted through recesses 12 a and openings 11 a, in the case of embodiments not shown in the drawing, the holding elements 8 can also be braced against the running surfaces 11 of the rails 7 by means of threaded bolts or clamping screws via a threaded hole in the respective running section 12 .

The fastening system according to the invention can be stiffened in the case of embodiments not shown in the drawing by transverse struts running horizontally between the T-pieces connecting the vertical profiled rails 7 of the holding device 6 , so that overall an all-round frame is formed.

In FIG. 2, one embodiment of the fastening system of the invention are shown in a vertical section details. One can see horizontally from the side a fixed in the rail 7 fastener 8 , which bears on its side facing the building with its running section 12 against the running surface 11 of the rail 7 . On the side facing away from the building, the holding element 8 has two holding sections 9 , 9 'which engage behind correspondingly shaped sections 10 , 10 ' of two wall elements 1 and thus prevent them from falling out of the hanging device. It can also be seen that the holding element 8 shown in FIG. 2 absorbs the weight of the upper wall element 1 , which rests with its section 10 on the central part of the holding element 8 . A facing section 10 ″ of this upper wall element 1 facing away from the building conceals the holding element 8 located behind it when looking at the assembled facade.

In Fig. 3a a vertical section of a fastening system 30 is shown according to the prior art, as it was initially cited and described. The holding device 36 is rigidly fixed on the building wall 2 through an applied insulation layer 3 and a rear ventilation cavity 4 by means of a fastening element 35 . In its upper region it carries a bolt 39 running in a horizontal direction and parallel to the building wall 2 , on which the entire weight of a suspension device 37 is loaded, which is suspended from the bolt 39 by a hook 38 .

In the lower area, a further bolt 39 'is provided, which is encompassed by a white hook 38 ' of the suspension device 37 . However, the hook 38 'does not lie snugly on the bolt 39 ', but merely serves to absorb forces acting horizontally to the suspension device 7 . This is deliberately carried out in the prior art, since one wanted to avoid over-determination of the system if possible and the suspension defined at the top suspension point, that is, the bolt 39, had to be stored. In this respect, the hook 38 'does not act in the vertical direction as a counter bearing to the bolt 39 '. In practice, should there have been a vertical support of the suspension device on more than a single hook in a vertical row due to previously undesired setting processes, this would not have been desired in any case, but would have been contrary to planning and therefore incorrect.

FIG. 3b shows, finally, the known suspension device 30 of FIG. 3a again in a schematic horizontal sectional view in which the bolts 39 and the fastening element 35 are clearly visible.

As already shown in FIG. 1, the rails 7 of the fastening system according to the invention are connected to one another in one piece via a T-piece of the holding device 6 . The holding device 6 preferably consists overall of an extruded aluminum shaped profile, as shown in FIG. 4 in a front view from the horizontal direction. One can see here the above-mentioned running surfaces 11 of the rails 7 , on which the holding elements 8 slide in the assembled state. In this exemplary embodiment, openings 11 a in the form of round holes through the running surfaces 11 are provided for fixing the holding elements 8 at definable intervals.

The extruded aluminum profiles, from which the holding devices 6 are constructed, are designed in such a way that the rails 7, in the manner of closed guide rails, enclose the holding elements 8 used on both sides and prevent them from falling out of the rails 7 , but prevent vertical displacement, in particular one vertical stacking of the holding elements 8 within the rails 7 in the manner of a magazine. As a result, the vertical guide rails 7 of the extruded aluminum molded profiles can be filled with the retaining elements 8, which are also usually made of aluminum, as in a magazine and raised in pairs during the assembly of the wall elements 1 and after inserting the respective wall element 1 , before the assembly of the facade panels can be fixed with the aid of the bolts 13 shown in FIG. 1.

If it becomes necessary to replace individual wall elements 1 , for example for repair purposes, for optical or functional reasons, only the wall elements located above have to be lifted without having to loosen a screw connection. This simplifies the handling of the fastening system according to the invention enormously. Except when attaching the brackets 5 to the shell and the holding devices 6 to the brackets 5 in this embodiment, neither dowels nor screws have to be used for the entire further assembly. This guarantees a constraint-free and thus flat installation of the wall elements 1 , which is particularly important with clay brick elements, and reduces the installation costs to a minimum.

In FIGS. 5a to 5c an embodiment of the present invention is translated holding members 8 is shown in detail from all sides. It can be seen the holding sections 9 , 9 'and the treads 12 and the through recess 12 a made therein in the form of an elongated hole. As mentioned above, instead of an elongated hole, for example, a threaded bore can also be provided in the tread 12 , through which a threaded bolt or a clamping screw for bracing against the underlying tread 11 of a rail 7 can be rotated in the embodiments not shown in the drawing.

FIGS. 6a to 6c show the end part 18 at the upper or lower end of a rail 7 employed specific embodiment, the holding elements used according to the Invention. The end part 18 only has a holding section 19 ′ and a shortened running section 22 .

In Fig. 7, finally, an embodiment is shown in a plan view from the vertical in the assembled state of the fastening system according to the invention, in which a resilient spacer 14 is provided between two horizontally adjacent wall elements 1 to avoid rattling noises when a facade is exposed to wind, which, for example, consists of an elastic one Can be made of plastic or metal. The resilient spacer 14 is inserted or pressed in with a holding section on the building side in a fitting mounting channel 15 which is provided between two parallel rails 7 . Because the spacer 14 exerts pressure on the two adjacent wall elements 1 in the assembled state, it can also prevent movements perpendicular to the plane of the building wall.

Claims (13)

1. Fastening system for wall elements ( 1 ) on building walls ( 2 ) with a holding device ( 6 ) attached to the building and a hanging device that engages with the holding device ( 6 ), on the side of which faces away from the building, one or more wall elements ( 1 ) are held, wherein the engagement system formed by the holding device ( 6 ) and the hanging device has at least two rows spaced apart in the horizontal direction with at least two vertically arranged holding elements ( 8 ; 18 ), with at least one holding element ( 8 ; 18 ) with the holding device ( 6 ) as a counterbearing which receives vertical operating forces originating from the hanging device with wall elements ( 1 ) held there, where the holding device ( 6 ) comprises at least two vertically extending fastening surfaces which are arranged along the horizontally spaced rows , wherein the suspension device v on at least four, before the assembly of the wall elements ( 1 ) independently of one another in the longitudinal direction of the fastening surfaces arranged holding elements ( 8 ; 18 ) is formed, and wherein the Hal teelemente ( 8 ; 18 ) holding portions ( 9 , 9 '; 19 ') which engage behind correspondingly shaped sections ( 10 , 10 ') of the wall elements ( 1 ) and against falling out of the wall elements ( 1 ) secure after their installation in the suspension device, characterized in that the fastening surfaces of the holding device ( 6 ) are designed as profile rails ( 7 ), which on their side facing away from the building, the holding elements ( 8 ; 18 ) in the longitudinal direction of the rails ( 7 ) can be slidably accommodated, where the rails ( 7 ) are designed such that they prevent the holding elements ( 8 ; 18 ) from being horizontally fallen out of the rails ( 7 ) after they have been inserted into the rails ( 7 ), and that Two parallel rails ( 7 ) are connected to each other in one piece via a T-piece. 2. Fastening system according to claim 1, characterized in that the holding elements ( 8 ; 18 ) in the rails ( 7 ) are arranged to be fixable. 3. Fastening system according to claim 2, characterized in that the rails ( 7 ) each have a running surface ( 11 ) on which a running section ( 12 ; 22 ) of the holding elements ( 8 ; 18 ) can slide along. 4. Fastening system according to claim 3, characterized in that the treads ( 11 ) at defined, preferably in the longitudinal direction of the rails ( 7 ) equidistantly arranged through openings ( 11 a), in particular round holes, that in the running sections ( 12 ; 22nd ) of the holding elements ( 8 ; 18 ) through recesses ( 12 a), in particular elongated holes are provided, and that the holding elements ( 8 ; 18 ) on the rails ( 7 ) by means of the recesses ( 12 a) and the openings ( 11 a) inserted bolt ( 13 ) can be attached. 5. Fastening system according to claim 3, characterized in that the running sections ( 12 ; 22 ) of the holding elements ( 8 ; 18 ) have continuous threaded holes, and that the holding elements ( 8 ; 18 ) on the rails ( 7 ) by means of screwed through the threaded holes Clamping screws or threaded bolts can be attached. 6. Fastening system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rails ( 7 ) are constructed from extruded molded profiles, preferably from aluminum molded profiles. 7. Fastening system according to claim 6, characterized in that the rails ( 7 ) are rigidly connected to the building wall ( 2 ) by means of brackets ( 5 ), in particular by means of angle or T brackets preferably made of aluminum. 8. Fastening system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that between vertically adjacent wall elements ( 1 ) substantially vertically extending resilient spacers ( 14 ) are arranged, the building side in matching mounting grooves ( 15 ) of the holding device ( 6 ) are inserted or pressed in. 9. Fastening system according to claim 8, characterized in that the resilient spacers ( 14 ) are made of an elastic plastic. 10. Fastening system according to claim 8, characterized in that the resilient spacers ( 14 ) are made of metal. 11. Fastening system according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the resilient spacers ( 14 ) are constructed so that they exert pressure on the wall elements ( 1 ) in the assembled state and thereby also movements perpendicular to the plane of the building wall ( 2 ) and thus prevent rattling noises from the mounted wall elements ( 1 ). 12. Fastening system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the holding device ( 6 ) is deposited with a thermal separating layer, in particular with insulating material ( 3 ) towards the building wall ( 2 ). 13. Fastening system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the vertically extending rails ( 7 ) stiffened by cross struts, in particular are designed as an all-round frame.