CN216474889U - Temporary ecological fish passing channel structure of low-water-head weir dam - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a temporary bionic fish passing channel structure of a low-water-head weir dam, which comprises a plurality of spliced fish passing units, wherein each fish passing unit is a rectangular groove body with a bent part and comprises an ascending area and a platform area which are arranged at intervals; one end of the rectangular trough body is provided with a first connecting section, the other end of the rectangular trough body is provided with a second connecting section, and the first connecting section of one fish passing unit is embedded with the second connecting section of the adjacent fish passing unit. The utility model adopts a detachable splicing structure, is easy to install and remove, has small interference on the weir dam and high fish passing probability, and is suitable for wide popularization.

Description

Temporary ecological fish passing channel structure of low-water-head weir dam

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of fish living environment restoration, and particularly relates to a temporary bionic fish passing channel structure of a low-water-head weir dam.

Background

With the aggravation of over-fishing, hydroelectric generation, climate change and environmental pollution, wild fish resources are threatened, particularly migratory fishes are influenced by migration routes and climate factors, and are subjected to more survival tests than other fishes. The migratory fishes can synthesize nutrient substances in different ecosystems due to the special life habits of migration, and have important significance for promoting the communication of the different ecosystems. Human fishing is an important factor causing the survival crisis of migratory fishes, but the fish migration channel is cut off most fatally. Therefore, how to protect fish migration in the hydraulic engineering construction process is an important topic of ecological research.

For most of the constructed barrages, due to the reasons of limited investment, geographical positions of the barrages, human production and life and the like, design transformation cannot be carried out. And (4) in the migration period of the fishes, a temporary fish passing channel can be built, and the fishes are removed after migration is finished. Therefore, the influence of blocking the upstream channel of the migration of the fishes in the constructed barrage can be effectively solved, the investment can be reduced under the condition that the existing landscape is not damaged, and the feasibility and the operability of the ecological environment restoration of the fishes are improved.

The utility model patent application with the application number of 202110312261.7 discloses a bionic fish passing channel structure based on a small miniature weir dam, which comprises a plurality of side walls, wherein each side wall is arranged at intervals along the width direction of a river channel, a first-stage water passing channel is formed between every two adjacent rows of side walls, a plurality of stages of water passing channels are formed in a conformal manner, fish rest areas and water blocking areas are arranged at intervals along the width direction of the river channel in the same stage of water passing channel, and the water passing width of the fish rest areas is greater than that of the water blocking areas; a plurality of water blocking devices are arranged in the water blocking area, a plurality of blind holes are arranged at the bottom in the fish resting area along the way, and aquatic plant cultivators can be arranged in the blind holes; one side of the water passing channel close to the bank slope is provided with a water passing platform, and the platform is set to be a flat slope and has the same elevation as the upper and lower levels of different water passing platforms on the same side. The application both can realize the fish effect of crossing of weir dam, protects local river ecological environment, has local view function simultaneously concurrently.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model aims to provide a detachable low-water-head weir dam temporary bionic fish passing channel structure which has small interference on a main body weir dam and high fish passing probability.

The technical scheme adopted by the utility model for realizing the purpose is as follows:

a temporary bionic fish passing channel structure of a low-water-head weir dam comprises a plurality of spliced fish passing units, wherein each fish passing unit is of a rectangular groove body structure with a bent part and comprises an ascending area and a platform area which are arranged at intervals; one end of the rectangular trough body is provided with a first connecting section, the other end of the rectangular trough body is provided with a second connecting section, and the first connecting section of one fish passing unit is embedded with the second connecting section of the adjacent fish passing unit.

By adopting the technical scheme, the adjacent splicing assembly of the fish units is realized through the positioning embedding of the first connecting section and the second connecting section, the splicing accuracy is improved, and the stability of the whole fish channel structure is enhanced.

First linkage segment is equipped with a plurality of draw-in grooves, and the second linkage segment sets up a plurality of archs, and the arch sets up with the draw-in groove one-to-one, can improve the degree of accuracy of concatenation, prevents to cross the fish passageway and takes off the festival, improves stability, security.

Furthermore, when two adjacent fish passing units are spliced, a sealing gasket is arranged between the first connecting section and the second connecting section, so that the sealing performance is enhanced.

The water flows downstream along the fish channel, and the fish school moves upstream after entering the fish channel. The fish unit is gone up the interval and is set up ascending district and platform district, and rivers in the ascending district are influenced by gravity, and the impact strength to crossing the shoal of fish in the fish passageway is big, and the shoal of fish is followed ascending district trip to the platform district after, can be with the platform district as the rest area, and the pause moves upward, continues to move upward after waiting to resume energy, and then improves the shoal of fish probability of crossing.

According to one embodiment of the utility model, a partition plate is arranged inside the rectangular trough body and is positioned between the ascending area and the platform area, the platform area is provided with a aquatic plant culture device, and the partition plate is provided with a fish passing hole.

The water flow can flow downstream through the fish passing hole, and the migratory fishes can swim upstream through the fish passing hole. The baffle plate with the fish passing hole can also adjust the flow velocity and the flow direction of water passing through the ascending region and the platform region in the fish unit.

Further, the fish passage opening may be provided in a central portion of the partition, whereby the water flows downstream from the central portion of the partition in the direction of the length of the fish passage. The diameter of the orifice of the fish passing orifice of the water flow entering the platform area from the ascending area is slightly larger, and the diameter of the orifice of the fish passing orifice of the water flow entering the next ascending area from the platform area is slightly smaller.

The aquatic plants such as aquatic plants are cultured in the aquatic plant culture device, and the aquatic plants are used for simulating the survival environment of fish shoals in a river channel and improving the adaptability of the fish shoals. The aquatic plant has certain regulatory action to the flow direction and the velocity of flow of the rivers in platform district, can reduce the velocity of flow in certain extent, is fit for the shoal of fish to have a rest more.

According to one embodiment of the utility model, the fish passing hole is arranged at one side edge of the partition plate, and the fish passing holes on two adjacent partition plates are respectively arranged close to two side walls of the rectangular groove body.

Therefore, the fish passing holes in the fish passing channel are arranged in a staggered way from left to right, and the water flow changes the flow direction continuously in the fish passing channel and flows in a zigzag shape. The water flow impacts the side walls of the rectangular trough body and releases part of the energy in the process. The water flow impact direction of the fish school in the process of swimming in the fish passage is changed continuously, so that the ecological environment can be simulated better, and the adaptive capacity of the fish school is improved.

Furthermore, the baffle is a solid plate structure, and its one side links to each other with the lateral wall of rectangle cell body, leaves the space between the opposite side and the another lateral wall of rectangle cell body, and this space is promptly for crossing the fish opening.

According to one embodiment of the utility model, the aquatic plant cultivation device comprises a base, wherein the bottom of a platform area of the base is provided with a sliding groove, the sliding groove extends towards the side walls of two sides of a rectangular groove body, and the base is in sliding connection with the sliding groove.

Therefore, the position of the aquatic plant cultivation device can be adjusted along the sliding base of the sliding groove so as to adapt to the partition boards with different fish hole positions. Generally, can slide pasture and water breeding device to the one end of keeping away from the fish entrance, so, can block the fish passageway in order to avoid pasture and water, improve the probability of passing through of shoal of fish, can also form the energy dissipation pond in the one end of keeping away from the fish passageway, the shoal of fish moves about to crossing the fish entrance under self to the response of rivers, improves fish probability.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the gradient of the ascending region is 0.02 to 0.05.

Therefore, the gradient of the ascending area is not too high, and smooth passing of fish schools can be guaranteed.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, the bottom of the ascending section is provided with a plurality of mounting grooves, the mounting grooves can be matched with the intercepting column, and the mounting grooves are distributed along the flow direction of the water flow.

The bottom end of the intercepting column can be in threaded fit with the mounting groove, and stability is improved. So, will block post fixed mounting in the mounting groove, can cut apart the rivers in ascending district, can consume the partial energy in the rivers to reduce the rivers velocity of flow to a certain extent.

Furthermore, a plurality of groups of intercepting columns which are dispersedly distributed along the flow direction of water flow can be arranged in parallel in the ascending region, the intervals of the intercepting columns in each group are equal, and the intervals of the intercepting columns among the groups are different, so that the ascending region can be divided into a plurality of parallel regions, and the flow velocity of the water flow among the regions is different. The fishes entering the ascending area can swim in different areas according to self conditions so as to smoothly pass through the ascending area to enter the platform area or swim out of the fish channel.

The utility model adopts the structure capable of splicing, is easy to disassemble and assemble and has strong practicability; the ascending area and the platform area are arranged at intervals, so that the fish school can have sufficient rest in the migration process; set up pasture and water breeding device simulation river course environment to realized setting up different rivers velocity in the different regions of crossing the fish passageway, accorded with the living environment of shoal of fish, improve the adaptability of shoal of fish, can improve by a wide margin and cross fish probability. Set up the stability that the fish passageway was crossed to the water conservancy diversion subassembly in crossing the fish passageway can also be guaranteed, prevent that rivers impact force from being too high. Therefore, the temporary bionic fish passing channel structure of the low-water-head barrage has the advantages of wide application range, small interference on the main barrage and high fish passing probability.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a matching structure of a fish passing unit in a temporary bionic fish passing channel structure of a low-head barrage according to embodiment 1 of the utility model;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion A of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a partial enlarged view of portion B of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a side view of the mating structure of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is a top view of the mating structure of FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of an apparatus for cultivating aquatic plants according to example 1;

fig. 7 is a schematic view of a fish passing unit in a temporary simulated ecological fish passing channel structure of a low head weir according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a front view of FIG. 7;

fig. 9 is a top view of fig. 7.

Reference numerals: a fish passing unit 100; a rectangular tank body 10; a rising zone 11; a platform area 12; a first connecting section 13; a second connection section 14; a card slot 15; a projection 16; a separator 20; a fish passing hole opening 21; a float grass cultivation device 30; a culture tank 31; a base 32; a slider 33; a chute 34; a mounting groove 41; the interception posts 42.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings:

example 1:

fig. 1 to 6 schematically show a low head barrage temporary biomimetic fish passing channel structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown, the apparatus comprises a plurality of spliced fish passing units 100, one end of each fish passing channel is immersed in a river and arranged on the river bed, and the other end is arranged on a weir. The migratory fish school may enter the fish passage from the river and pass through the barrage into the upstream of the river.

The fish passing unit 100 is a rectangular tank body 10, a bending part is arranged in the middle of the rectangular tank body 10 to form an ascending area 11 and a platform area 12, the ascending area 11 has a certain gradient, the gradient range is 0.02-0.05, and the platform area 12 is a flat slope. The fish passing units 100 are spliced into a stepped fish passing channel. Thus, the height difference between the barrage and the river bed in the process of the fish school migration is divided into a plurality of small slopes through the ascending areas 11 and the platform areas 12 which are arranged at intervals, namely the ascending areas 11, and the fish school can pause in the platform areas 12 in the process of moving upwards along the ascending areas 11, so that the fish school is prevented from drifting downstream along with water after being over-fatigued.

One end of each rectangular groove body 10 is provided with a first connecting section 13, the other end of each rectangular groove body 10 is provided with a second connecting section 14, when two adjacent fish passing units 100 are spliced, the first connecting section 13 on one rectangular groove body 10 is embedded with the second connecting section 14 on the other rectangular groove body 10, and then the two rectangular groove bodies 10 are fixedly connected through fastening bolts. During splicing and assembling, a sealing gasket can be arranged on the joint surface of the first connecting section 13 and the second connecting section 14 to improve the sealing effect. First linkage segment 13 is equipped with a plurality of draw-in grooves 15, and second linkage segment 14 sets up a plurality of archs 16, and arch 16 sets up with draw-in groove 15 one-to-one, can improve the degree of accuracy of concatenation, prevents to cross the fish passageway disjointing, improves stability, security.

Inside the rectangular trough body 10, a partition plate 20 is arranged between the ascending area 11 and the platform area 12, and a fish passing hole 21 is arranged on the partition plate 20 so as to facilitate the water flow and the fish swimming. The partition 20 is generally disposed at the transition position of the shoal from the ascending region 11 to the platform region 12, and the partition 20 is no longer disposed at the side of the shoal from the platform region 12 to the ascending region 11, so that the shoal can freely select the upward swimming point.

The communicated fish passing channel is divided into a plurality of relatively independent pond chambers by the partition plates 20, and the partition plates 20 have certain functions of blocking and releasing energy to water flow. If the migratory fishes are over-fatigue, the migratory fishes can pause in the pool chamber, and the probability that the fishes slide down along with the water flow can be reduced under the blocking effect of the partition plates 20.

The fish passing hole 21 is of an orifice type, is arranged at the edge of the partition plate 20 and is close to the side wall of the rectangular groove body 10. The fish passing holes 21 on two adjacent partition plates 20 in the fish passing channel are respectively close to two side walls of the rectangular trough body 10.

Therefore, the fish passing holes 21 in the fish passing channel are arranged in a staggered manner from left to right, the flow direction of the water flow is changed continuously in the process of entering the platform area 12 from the ascending area 11 and entering the ascending area 11 from the platform area 12, and the water flow flows in a zigzag shape in the fish passing channel. The water flow hits the side walls of the rectangular trough 10 and in the process releases part of the energy. The water flow impact direction of the fish school in the process of swimming in the fish passage is changed continuously, so that the ecological environment can be simulated better, and the adaptive capacity of the fish school is improved.

The rectangular trough body 10 is also internally provided with a movable aquatic plant cultivation device 30. The platform area 12 is provided with a sliding chute 34 extending transversely, and the sliding chute 34 extends from the bottom of the platform area 12 to the side walls of two sides of the rectangular groove body 10. The aquatic plant cultivation device 30 is provided with a base 32, the bottom of the base 32 is provided with a sliding block 33, the sliding block 33 can be embedded into the sliding groove 34, and the base 32 and the aquatic plant cultivation device 30 are driven to move back and forth along the sliding groove 34. Thus, the position of the aquatic plant cultivation apparatus 30 can be adjusted.

The aquatic plant cultivation device 30 is arranged on one side of the platform area 12 far away from the fish passing hole 21. The aquatic plant cultivation device 30 comprises a plurality of cultivation grooves 31, aquatic plants such as aquatic plants of different varieties can be planted according to needs, and the aquatic plant cultivation device is used for simulating the fish school living environment in a river channel, improving the water quality and improving the adaptability of the fish school. The aquatic plant has certain regulatory action to the flow direction and the velocity of flow of the rivers in platform district 12, can reduce the velocity of flow in certain extent, is fit for the shoal of fish to have a rest more. In addition, the aquatic plants can also improve the landscape ornamental value of the whole fish channel.

The groove bottom of the ascending area 11 is provided with a plurality of mounting grooves 41, the mounting grooves 41 are arranged in a straight line along the flow direction of water, and the mounting grooves 41 are internally threaded with intercepting columns 42 which can be used for cutting water flow and consuming part of water energy.

When the device is installed, two groups of intercepting columns 42 are arranged in parallel in the ascending area 11, and the intervals between the intercepting columns 42 which are arranged in a straight line along the flow direction of water are equal, but the installation intervals between the intercepting columns 42 are different. In this way, the ascending region 11 is divided into three regions of different flow velocities, i.e., a low flow velocity region, a medium flow velocity region, and a high flow velocity region, by the two sets of the intercepting pillars 42. The fishes entering the ascending area 11 can swim in different areas according to self conditions, and can swim between areas with different flow velocities in the swimming process, the self state is adjusted, so that the fishes smoothly enter the platform area 12 through the ascending area 11 or swim out of the fish passage, and the fish passing probability is improved.

Example 2:

fig. 7 to 9 schematically show a low head weir temporary simulated ecological fish passage structure according to another embodiment of the present invention, which is different from example 1 in that:

the fish passing hole 21 is arranged in the middle of the partition board 20, and is of a denier type, and in other embodiments, the fish passing hole 21 can also be of a vertical slit type, a fishport type, or the like. The fish passing hole openings 21 in different forms have guiding effects on water flow in different degrees, so that the water body energy can be reduced to a certain degree, and the impact on fish shoals is weakened.

The aquatic plant culture devices 30 are arranged on the two sides of the partition plate 20, the flow velocity of water flow on the two sides of the fish passing hole 21 can be reduced through the aquatic plant culture devices 30, and a good and stable environment is provided for fish school rest.

The embodiments described above are intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention in detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only specific embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention, and any modification, supplement or similar substitution made within the scope of the principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. A temporary bionic fish passing channel structure of a low-water-head weir comprises a plurality of spliced fish passing units (100), and is characterized in that the fish passing units (100) are rectangular groove bodies (10) with bent parts and comprise ascending areas (11) and platform areas (12) which are arranged at intervals;

one end of the rectangular groove body (10) is provided with a first connecting section (13), the other end of the rectangular groove body (10) is provided with a second connecting section (14), and the first connecting section (13) of one fish passing unit (100) is embedded with the second connecting section (14) of the adjacent fish passing unit (100).

2. The low water head weir temporary bionic fish passing channel structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein a partition plate (20) is arranged inside the rectangular trough body (10), the partition plate (20) is positioned between the ascending region (11) and the platform region (12), the platform region (12) is provided with a water grass cultivation device (30), and a fish passing orifice (21) is arranged on the partition plate (20).

3. The low water head weir temporary bionic fish passing channel structure as claimed in claim 2, wherein the fish passing hole (21) is arranged at one side edge of the partition plate (20), and two adjacent fish passing holes (21) are respectively arranged close to two side walls of the rectangular trough body (10).

4. The low head weir temporary bionic fish passing channel structure as claimed in claim 2, wherein the aquatic plant cultivation device (30) comprises a base (32), the bottom of the platform area (12) is provided with a sliding groove (34), the sliding groove (34) extends to the side walls of two sides of the rectangular groove body (10), and the base (32) is connected with the sliding groove (34) in a sliding manner.

5. The low head weir temporary simulated ecological fish passage structure of claim 1, characterized in that the slope of the rise zone (11) is 0.02-0.05.

6. The low head weir temporary simulated ecological fish passage structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom of the rising zone (11) is provided with a plurality of mounting grooves (41), the mounting grooves (41) being capable of cooperating with intercepting columns (42), the mounting grooves (41) being distributed along the flow direction.

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