Background
The balance valve is one of valves commonly used in engineering machinery, and plays an important role in improving the service performance of some mechanisms of the engineering machinery. For example, in a hoisting mechanism, a luffing mechanism and a telescopic mechanism of a hydraulic crane, when a hydraulic cylinder descends with a load, if a balance valve is not provided, the mechanism descends at an over-speed under the action of the load. In order to make the hydraulic actuator act smoothly or lock the hydraulic actuator, a balance valve is arranged on an oil path to limit the movement speed of the hydraulic actuator.
Fig. 1 shows a conventional hydraulic control circuit for a hydraulic cylinder for controlling the extension or amplitude of a boom, which includes a directional control valve 12, a balance valve 2, and a hydraulic actuator 9 (hydraulic cylinder), wherein the balance valve 2 is disposed on a first working oil path 10 between a first working oil port 12A of the directional control valve 12 and a rodless cavity of the hydraulic cylinder, the balance valve 2 has an inner control oil path hydraulic control cavity and an outer control oil path hydraulic control cavity, the inner control oil path hydraulic control cavity is communicated with the rodless cavity of the hydraulic cylinder, and the outer control oil path hydraulic control cavity is communicated with a second working oil port 12B of the directional control valve 12 and a second working oil path 11 between the rodless cavity of the hydraulic cylinder.
When a piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder contracts, the second working oil path 11 conveys hydraulic oil to a rod cavity of the hydraulic cylinder and controls the opening degree of a valve port of the balance valve 2 so as to control the contraction speed of the piston rod and prevent the load from moving in an overspeed manner. However, the output pressure fluctuation, the output flow rate pulsation, and the like of the hydraulic pump or other factors cause the oil pressure in the second hydraulic fluid passage 11 to be unstable, and therefore, the piston rod and the load do not move smoothly. Specifically, let the oil pressures of the second hydraulic fluid passage 11 and the rodless chamber of the hydraulic cylinder be P, respectively1And P2The areas of the pistons of the rod chamber and the rodless chamber are respectively set to SWith rodsAnd SRodlessSetting the critical opening pressure of the balance valve to be PIs openedThe pressure opening ratio of the balance valve is a, and the hydraulic cylinderThe axial load is F, the pressure loss on each oil way is ignored, and the balance valve is opened to satisfy the following relational expression:
Pis opened≤P1×a+P2
Wherein,
the opening conditions of the balancing valve are:
the right side of the inequality is the pressure actually acting on the hydraulic control cavity of the internal control oil circuit and the hydraulic control cavity of the external control oil circuit of the balance valve 2, and the pressure and the critical opening pressure P of the balance valveIs openedThe difference Δ P is:
Δ P determines the valve port opening of the balancing valve, and the amplitude and frequency of the fluctuation of Δ P determines the amplitude and frequency of the change in the valve port opening. From the above formula, Δ P follows P1May vary. In other words, when the oil pressure P on the second hydraulic fluid passage 11 is high1When the motion fluctuates, the opening degree of the valve port of the balance valve can fluctuate greatly, and finally the motion of the arm support is unstable.
In view of the above, there is a need for an apparatus that overcomes the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims at providing a balanced valves and hydraulic control return circuit and engineering machine tool that have this balanced valves, balanced valves can effectively reduce the undulant influence of outer accuse port pressure fluctuation to its valve port aperture of balanced valve to make hydraulic actuator move steadily.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a balance valve set, including a balance valve having an external control oil circuit hydraulic control cavity, the balance valve set having a first port, a second port and an external control port, the first port being communicated with a forward port of a check valve in the balance valve, the second port being communicated with a reverse port of the check valve in the balance valve, wherein the balance valve set further includes an external control oil circuit and an external control adjusting oil circuit for oil drainage, the external control oil circuit being provided with a first damping unit, and two ends of the external control oil circuit being connected between the external control port and the external control oil circuit hydraulic control cavity; and a second damping unit is arranged on the external control adjusting oil way, and one end of the external control adjusting oil way is connected to the external control oil way hydraulic control cavity.
Preferably, the first damping unit and the second damping unit are damping holes respectively.
Preferably, the other end of the external control adjusting oil passage is connected to the first port.
Preferably, a control valve for controlling the on-off of the external control adjusting oil path or enabling the external control adjusting oil path to be communicated to the first port from the external control oil path hydraulic control cavity is further arranged on the external control adjusting oil path.
Preferably, the control valve is a check valve disposed between the first port and the second damping unit.
Preferably, the other end of the external-control regulation oil passage is formed as an oil drain port for connection to an oil return passage or an oil tank.
Preferably, the balance valve group is further provided with an internal control oil way, the balance valve is provided with an internal control oil way hydraulic control cavity, and the internal control oil way is connected between the second port and the internal control oil way hydraulic control cavity.
On the basis, the utility model also provides a hydraulic control loop of hydraulic actuator, this hydraulic control loop includes hydraulic actuator and connects correspondingly respectively in first working oil circuit and the second working oil circuit of two hydraulic fluid ports of this hydraulic actuator, this first working oil circuit and second working oil circuit connect in main control valve, main control valve connects in main oil feed oil circuit and main oil return oil circuit to can realize through the control of main control valve the flexible control or the positive and negative rotation control of hydraulic actuator, this hydraulic control loop also includes above-mentioned balanced valves, wherein, one of first working oil circuit and the second working oil circuit includes first section and second section, first section connect in main control valve with balanced valves between the first port, the second section connect in the second port with between the hydraulic actuator, the external control port is connected to the other of the first working oil passage and the second working oil passage.
Preferably, the first working oil path includes the first section and the second section, and the external control port is connected to the second working oil path.
Furthermore, the utility model also provides an engineering machine tool, this engineering machine tool include above-mentioned balanced valves or hydraulic control return circuit.
Through the technical scheme, the first damping unit and the second damping unit are respectively arranged on the external control oil way and the external control adjusting oil way, when the oil pressure of the external control port of the balance valve group fluctuates, the oil pressure fluctuation of one end, connected to the external control oil way hydraulic control cavity, of the external control oil way is small, therefore, the change of the opening degree of the valve port of the balance valve is correspondingly reduced, and the balance valve can work stably.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in detail in the detailed description which follows.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the description of the embodiments herein is for purposes of illustration and explanation only and is not intended to limit the invention.
Referring to fig. 2 to 4, the utility model provides a balance valve group 1, this balance valve group 1 is including having the balanced valve 2 in outer accuse oil circuit hydraulic control chamber, and this balance valve group 1 has first port 1P, second port 1T and outer accuse port 1K, first port 1P with the forward port intercommunication of the check valve in balanced valve 2, second port 1T with the reverse port intercommunication of the check valve in balanced valve 2. The balance valve group 1 further comprises an external control oil way 3 and an external control adjusting oil way 4 for oil drainage, a first damping unit 5 is arranged on the external control oil way 3, and two ends of the external control oil way 3 are connected between the external control port 1K and the external control oil way hydraulic control cavity; and a second damping unit 6 is arranged on the external control adjusting oil way 4, and one end of the external control adjusting oil way 4 is connected to the external control oil way hydraulic control cavity.
When the hydraulic oil flows to the hydraulic actuator through the oil path where the balancing valve group 1 is located, the hydraulic oil flows only through the check valve in the balancing valve 2, and the balancing valve group does not work on the action of the hydraulic actuator. When the hydraulic oil in the hydraulic execution element returns oil through the balance valve group 1, if the hydraulic execution element moves too fast, the oil pressure of the external control port 1K is reduced, so that the oil pressure in the external control oil path hydraulic control cavity of the balance valve 2 is reduced, the opening degree of the valve port of the balance valve 2 is reduced, and the movement of the hydraulic execution element is slowed down. At this time, if the oil pressure of the external control port 1K fluctuates due to some factors (such as output pressure fluctuation of a hydraulic pump), the first damping unit 5 and the second damping unit 6 are respectively arranged on the external control oil path 3 and the external control adjusting oil path 4, so that the pressure fluctuation of the external control oil path hydraulic control cavity of the balance valve 2 can be properly reduced relative to the pressure fluctuation of the external control port 1K, and damage and danger caused by unstable action of a hydraulic execution element are avoided.
The first and second damping units 5 and 6 may be formed in various forms capable of appropriately reducing the oil pressure, and for example, the first and second damping units 5 and 6 may be orifice holes, respectively. The size of the damping hole is not suitable to be too large or too small, if the aperture is too large, the oil return amount from the external control port 1K through the external control oil way 3 and the external control adjusting oil way 4 is more, so that larger energy loss is caused, and the hydraulic oil is heated seriously; if the aperture is too small, the damping is too large, so that the balance valve 2 is slowly opened, and even the balance valve 2 fails because a small amount of impurities in the hydraulic oil block the damping holes.
The operating principle of the above-mentioned balancing valve group 1 can be analyzed and a suitable type and size of orifice can be selected according to the orifice flow formula. Setting the oil pressure at the 1K position of the external control port as P1The oil pressure in the hydraulic control cavity of the external control oil way is P2The oil pressure at the end of the external control adjusting oil path 4 far away from the hydraulic control cavity of the external control oil path is 0 (for example, when the oil tank is directly communicated), the aperture of the first damping unit 5 and the aperture of the second damping unit 6 are a and B, and the aperture cross-sectional areas a and B of the first damping unit 5 and the second damping unit 6 are respectively:
<math>
<mrow>
<mi>A</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<msup>
<mi>πa</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</msup>
<mn>4</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</math>
<math>
<mrow>
<mi>B</mi>
<mo>=</mo>
<mfrac>
<msup>
<mi>πb</mi>
<mn>2</mn>
</msup>
<mn>4</mn>
</mfrac>
</mrow>
</math>
the flow rates through the first and second damping units 5 and 6 are:
q1=KA(P1-P2)0.5
q2=KB(P2-0)0.5
wherein, P1And P2The oil pressure of the external control oil circuit hydraulic control cavity at the external control port 1K and the balance valve 2 respectively, K is a constant, leakage of hydraulic oil is ignored, and the hydraulic oil flows through the first damping unit5 and the second damping unit 6 have substantially equal flow rates, then:
therefore, when the oil pressure at the external control port 1K fluctuates by Δ P, the oil pressure fluctuation of the external control oil path hydraulic control chamber of the balance valve 2 is onlySo that the fluctuation of the opening degree of the valve port of the balance valve 2 is small. When the damping holes are elongated holes, thin-wall small holes or other types of holes, the same or similar results can be obtained, and the specific derivation process is not described herein again.
The utility model discloses an in the balanced valves 1, the other end of outer accuse adjusting oil circuit 4 (keeping away from the one end in balanced valve 2's outer accuse oil circuit hydraulic control chamber promptly) can have multiple setting, as long as it can satisfy make hydraulic oil from outer accuse port 1K through outer accuse oil circuit 3 and outer accuse adjusting oil circuit 4 flow can.
According to a preferred embodiment of the balanced valve assembly 1 of the present invention, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, the other end of the external control regulating oil circuit 4 can be connected to the first port 1P.
Further, the external control adjusting oil path 4 may further be provided with a control valve 7 for controlling on/off of the external control adjusting oil path 4 or enabling the external control adjusting oil path 4 to be communicated with the first port 1P from the external control oil path hydraulic control cavity in a one-way manner. This control valve 7 can satisfy hydraulic oil and pass through the utility model discloses an oil circuit oil feed or the different needs of oil return at balanced valves 1 place. For example, referring to fig. 3, when hydraulic oil enters the rodless chamber 9a of the hydraulic cylinder through the first working oil passage 10 to extend the piston of the hydraulic cylinder, the control valve 7 blocks the communication of the external-control regulation oil passage 4, and hydraulic oil is prevented from directly entering the second working oil passage 11 through the external-control regulation oil passage 4 and the external-control oil passage 3; when hydraulic oil enters the rod cavity 9b of the hydraulic cylinder through the second working oil path 11 to retract the piston of the hydraulic cylinder, the control valve 7 enables the external control adjusting oil path 4 to be in a communicated state, the hydraulic oil can flow into the first working oil path 10 through the external control oil path 3 and the external control adjusting oil path 4, and meanwhile, the first damping unit 5 arranged on the external control oil path 3 and the second damping unit 6 arranged on the external control adjusting oil path 4 enable the pressure fluctuation of the external control oil path liquid control cavity of the balance valve 2 to be small.
As a preferred embodiment, the control valve 7 may be a check valve disposed between the first port 1P and the second damping unit 6.
According to another preferred embodiment of the balance valve group 1 of the present invention, as shown in fig. 4, the other end of the external control adjusting oil path 4 may be formed as an oil drainage port for connecting to an oil return path or an oil tank 13. As discussed earlier, after the drain port is connected to the oil return passage or the oil tank 13, the oil pressure fluctuation gradually decreases from the external-control port 1K to the drain port along the external-control oil passage 3 and the external-control regulation oil passage 4, thereby reducing the influence of the fluctuation in the valve-port opening degree of the balance valve 2 by the fluctuation of the external-control port 1K. The drainage port may even be directly suspended without connection to any oil circuit. In this embodiment, the provision of the control valve 7 may also be dispensed with.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the balance valve group 1 may further have an internal control oil circuit 8, the balance valve 2 has an internal control oil circuit hydraulic control cavity, the internal control oil circuit 8 is connected between the second port 1T and the internal control oil circuit hydraulic control cavity. Since the arrangement of the first damping element 5 and the second damping element 6 can reduce the oil pressure for driving the valve core of the balance valve 2 to move, the arrangement of the internal oil control path 8 in the balance valve group 1 can make the balance valve 2 easier to open.
On this basis, the utility model discloses still provide a hydraulic control return circuit of hydraulic actuator. Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the hydraulic control circuit includes a hydraulic actuator 9, and a first working oil path 10 and a second working oil path 11 respectively and correspondingly connected to two oil ports of the hydraulic actuator 9, the first working oil path 10 and the second working oil path 11 are connected to a main control valve 12, the main control valve 12 is connected to a main oil inlet path and a main oil return path to enable the extension control or the forward and reverse rotation control of the hydraulic actuator 9 under the control of the main control valve 12, the hydraulic control circuit further includes the above balance valve group 1 provided by the present invention, wherein one of the first working oil path 10 and the second working oil path 11 includes a first section and a second section, the first section is connected between the main control valve 12 and the first port 1P of the balance valve group 1, and the second section is connected between the second port 1T and the hydraulic actuator 9, the external control port 1K is connected to the other of the first working fluid passage 10 and the second working fluid passage 11.
Preferably, the main control valve 12 may be a three-position, four-way reversing valve.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the balancing valve block 1 may be provided on the first working oil path 10. Specifically, the first working oil path 10 includes the first section and the second section, and the external control port 1K is connected to the second working oil path 11. It should be understood that the balancing valve group 1 may also be disposed on the second working oil path 11, and have its external control port 1K connected to the first working oil path 10, so as to prevent the mechanical equipment such as the boom from shaking during the extension of the piston of the hydraulic cylinder. As a preferred embodiment, the balance valve group 1 may be disposed on the first working oil path 10 and the second working oil path 11, respectively, and the external control port 1K thereof is correspondingly connected to the corresponding working oil path, so as to prevent the mechanical equipment such as the boom from shaking during the extension and retraction of the hydraulic cylinder.
For better understanding of the present invention, the operation of the balance valve assembly and the hydraulic control circuit having the same of the present invention will be described below with reference to the preferred embodiment shown in fig. 3, and these descriptions are only for explaining the present invention and do not limit the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 3, in the hydraulic control circuit of the hydraulic actuator, the hydraulic actuator 9 is a hydraulic cylinder, the main control valve 12 is a three-position four-way directional control valve, and the first working fluid port 12A and the second working fluid port 12B of the directional control valve are connected to the rodless chamber 9a and the rod chamber 9B of the hydraulic cylinder through the first working fluid passage 10 and the second working fluid passage 11, respectively.
When the reversing valve is in the left position, the oil inlet 12P is communicated with the first working oil port 12A, and the oil return port 12T is communicated with the second working oil port 12B. At this time, the hydraulic oil flows to the rodless chamber 9a of the hydraulic cylinder through the first hydraulic fluid passage 10, and when the hydraulic oil flows through the balance valve group 1, the hydraulic oil passes through only the check valve of the balance valve 2. The check valve 7 provided on the external-control regulation oil passage 4 prevents the hydraulic oil from entering the second working oil passage 11 through the external-control regulation oil passage 4 and the external-control oil passage 3. Thus, the cylinder piston is extended normally.
When the reversing valve is in a middle position, the first working oil port 12A and the second working oil port 12B of the reversing valve are communicated with the oil return port 12T, and the piston of the hydraulic cylinder is locked or in a suspension state.
When the reversing valve is in the right position, the oil inlet 12P of the reversing valve is communicated with the second working oil port 12B, and the oil return port 12T is communicated with the first working oil port 12A. Hydraulic oil flows to the rod chamber 9b of the hydraulic cylinder through the second working oil passage 11, while part of the hydraulic oil flows to the first working oil passage 10 through the external control oil passage 3 and the external control adjusting oil passage 4, and the hydraulic oil in the external control oil passage hydraulic control chamber opens the balance valve 2. The hydraulic oil in the rodless chamber 9a of the hydraulic cylinder is returned through the first hydraulic oil passage 10. Because the first damping unit 5 and the second damping unit 6 are respectively arranged on the external control oil way 3 and the external control adjusting oil way 4, when the oil pressure at the external control port 1K fluctuates, the oil pressure fluctuation of the hydraulic control cavity of the external control oil way is relatively small, and the piston of the hydraulic cylinder is prevented from shaking in the retraction process.
The utility model also provides an engineering machine tool, this engineering machine tool includes the utility model provides an above-mentioned balanced valves 1 or hydraulic control return circuit. The balanced valve group 1 can be applied to a plurality of control systems of the engineering machinery. Preferably, the engineering machinery comprises a boom, and the hydraulic actuator 9 is a hydraulic cylinder for controlling the boom to extend or contract in amplitude.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, however, the present invention is not limited to the details of the above embodiments, and the technical concept of the present invention can be within the scope of the present invention to perform various simple modifications to the technical solution of the present invention, and these simple modifications all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the various features described in the above embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner without departing from the scope of the invention. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention does not separately describe various possible combinations.
In addition, various embodiments of the present invention can be combined arbitrarily, and the disclosed content should be regarded as the present invention as long as it does not violate the idea of the present invention.