Polycrystalline diamond integral cutting tool
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of cutting tool, specifically speaking, be a polycrystalline diamond bulk cutting tool.
Background
Diamond has been used as a superhard cutting tool material for cutting processing for hundreds of years, but the natural diamond has a rare quantity and a high price, and is difficult to meet the requirement of large-scale application. Polycrystalline diamond (Polycrystalline diamond) is an artificial diamond and is used for replacing natural diamond (single crystal), so that the limitation of quantity and price is broken through, and the application range of the diamond cutter is expanded to the fields of aviation, aerospace, automobiles, electronics, stone and the like.
Conventional polycrystalline diamond cutters are formed by welding a polycrystalline diamond compact tip to a cemented carbide blade or a cutter holder substrate. In the application of a multi-edge cutting tool, a plurality of polycrystalline diamond compact tool tips need to be welded respectively, the welding strength and the precision are not enough easily caused by limitation of layout space, and the cutting quality and the service life are influenced. Meanwhile, a welding structure needs a specific operation space, ideal layout is difficult to realize in the application requirement that the number of blades is rapidly increased, and the tool development trend of high precision and long service life cannot be adapted.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the utility model provides a polycrystalline diamond integral cutting tool has integrated into one piece's multiple-blade structure, does benefit to and improves machining efficiency and life to guarantee the processingquality of ideal, have good economic benefits and do benefit to popularization and application, be particularly suitable for glass or ceramic machining.
The purpose of the utility model is realized through the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a polycrystalline diamond integral cutting tool, includes cutter centre gripping handle and polycrystalline diamond tool bit, polycrystalline diamond tool bit weld in cutter centre gripping handle one end, polycrystalline diamond tool bit is kept away from the one end of cutter centre gripping handle has a plurality of cutting edges of integrated into one piece, the cutting edge circumference distribute in polycrystalline diamond tool bit's tip periphery side, the cutting edge width of cutting edge is 0.04 ~ 0.1mm, has the chip groove between the adjacent cutting edge, the degree of depth of chip groove is 0.08 ~ 0.15 mm.
As an improvement of the above technical scheme, the polycrystalline diamond cutter head includes a welding base layer and a polycrystalline diamond layer sintered and formed at one end of the welding base layer, which is far away from the polycrystalline diamond layer, is welded on the cutter clamping handle, and the cutting edge is integrally formed at one end of the polycrystalline diamond layer, which is far away from the welding base layer.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the welding base layer and the cutter clamping handle are made of the same material respectively.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the welding base layer and the cutter clamping handle are fixed through a silver brazing layer.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the cutting edge has a first side cutting surface and a second side cutting surface, and an included angle between the first side cutting surface and the second side cutting surface is 0.5 ° to 1.2 °.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the surface roughness Ra of the cutting edge is 0.1-0.4 mu m.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the helix angle of the polycrystalline diamond cutter head is 35-60 degrees, and the blade length of the blade is 1-3 mm.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the polycrystalline diamond compact cutting tool is a milling cutter.
As a further improvement of the technical scheme, the number of the blades is 43-50.
As a further improvement of the above technical solution, the polycrystalline diamond bulk cutting tool has a clearance end hole, and the clearance end hole is disposed in the center of the distribution circumference of the plurality of cutting edges.
The utility model has the advantages that:
the cutting tool comprises a tool clamping handle and a polycrystalline diamond cutter head which are welded with each other, one end, far away from the tool clamping handle, of the polycrystalline diamond cutter head is provided with a plurality of cutting edges which are integrally formed, the cutting edges are circumferentially distributed on the outer periphery side of the end part of the polycrystalline diamond cutter head, the cutting edges are provided with specific cutting edge widths, chip removal grooves are formed between the adjacent cutting edges, the structure is strong in reliability and reasonable in layout, the better processing efficiency, the better processing quality and the better service life are guaranteed, and the cutting tool is particularly suitable for processing glass or.
In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of an overall structure of a polycrystalline diamond bulk cutting tool provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a first partial schematic view of a polycrystalline diamond solid cutting tool provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a second partial schematic view of a polycrystalline diamond solid cutting tool provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is an enlarged partial schematic view of the polycrystalline diamond solid cutting tool of fig. 3 at M;
fig. 5 is an enlarged, partial schematic view of the polycrystalline diamond bulk cutter of fig. 4 at N;
fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a polycrystalline diamond bulk cutting tool provided in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic flow chart of a method for manufacturing a polycrystalline diamond solid cutting tool according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Description of the main element symbols:
100-polycrystalline diamond bulk cutting tool, 110-tool clamping handle, 120-polycrystalline diamond tool bit, 121-welding base layer, 122-polycrystalline diamond layer, 123-cutting edge, 123 a-first side blade face, 123 b-second side blade face, 124-chip groove, 124 a-chip groove bottom face, 125-clearance end hole and 126-silver brazing layer.
Detailed Description
To facilitate an understanding of the present invention, a polycrystalline diamond solid cutting tool will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. A preferred embodiment of a polycrystalline diamond solid cutting tool is shown in the drawings. Polycrystalline diamond solid cutting tools, however, may be embodied in many different forms and are not limited to the embodiments described herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete in the context of polycrystalline diamond solid cutting tools.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "secured to" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being "directly on" another element, there are no intervening elements present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of polycrystalline diamond solid cutting tools is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1-2, the present embodiment discloses a polycrystalline diamond bulk cutting tool 100, which includes a tool clamping handle 110 and a polycrystalline diamond segment 120. The polycrystalline diamond cutter head 120 is welded at one end of the cutter clamping handle 110, one end of the polycrystalline diamond cutter head 120, which is far away from the cutter clamping handle 110, is provided with a plurality of integrally formed cutting edges 123, and the cutting edges 123 are circumferentially distributed on the outer periphery of the end part of the polycrystalline diamond cutter head 120, so that the polycrystalline diamond cutter head is of an integral multi-blade structure.
By integrally formed, it is meant that cutting edge 123 and polycrystalline diamond tip 120 are of a unitary construction. Unlike conventional welding structures, the two may be integrally formed by accumulated material forming (e.g., casting, additive manufacturing, etc.) or the polycrystalline diamond segments 120 may be machined by material removal (e.g., milling, spark cutting, laser cutting, etc.) to form the cutting edges 123.
The polycrystalline diamond solid cutting tool 100 is of a wide variety of types, and illustratively, the polycrystalline diamond solid cutting tool 100 is a formed cutter used to mill a workpiece to form a desired profile. The plurality of cutting edges 123 are circumferentially distributed to rotationally act on the workpiece surface as the tool holder 110 rotates, enabling efficient material removal. Illustratively, the distributed circumference of the plurality of cutting edges 123 is centered on the spindle of the tool-holding shank 110.
Illustratively, the polycrystalline diamond segment 120 includes a welding substrate 121 and a polycrystalline diamond layer 122 sintered on one end of the welding substrate 121. One end of the welding base layer 121, which is far away from the polycrystalline diamond layer 122, is welded on the cutter clamping handle 110, so that welding fixation is realized; the polycrystalline diamond layer 122 is formed by sintering natural or artificial diamond powder and an adhesive at high temperature (1000-2000 ℃) and high pressure (5-10 ten thousand atmospheric pressure) with the welding base layer 121 as a substrate. A plurality of cutting edges 123 are integrally formed at an end of the polycrystalline diamond layer 122 away from the welding base layer 121, that is, the cutting edges 123 are a part of the polycrystalline diamond layer 122, so that the polycrystalline diamond layer has a very desirable physical structure.
Illustratively, the weld base layer 121 and the tool holding shank 110 are made of the same material, respectively. Based on the same material characteristics of the same material, the deformation amount of the welding base layer 121 and the cutter clamping handle 110 during butt welding is closer, and the stability of the welding structure is more ideal. Illustratively, the weld base layer 121 and the tool holding shank 110 are both made of tungsten carbide-based cemented carbide. The tungsten carbide-based hard alloy is a sintered material consisting of tungsten carbide as a hard phase and a metal bonding phase, and further, the mass percentage of cobalt in the tungsten carbide-based hard alloy is not more than 12%.
Referring to fig. 6 in combination, the bond substrate 121 is secured to the tool holding shank 110 by a silver braze layer 126, as an example. The silver brazing layer 126 is formed by solidifying silver brazing material, and the silver brazing material is melted in the welding process to connect the welding base layer 121 and the tool holding shank 110, and the silver brazing material and the tool holding shank are fixed after being solidified. Wherein the silver brazing material is formed by combining silver as a base material with other alloys.
The width of the blade 123 is 0.04 to 0.1 mm. The width of the cutting edge is the width of the cutting edge 123, and is within the ideal range, which not only ensures the strength of the cutting edge 123 to be sufficient, so that the cutting edge has a longer service life, but also ensures better cutting efficiency.
Exemplarily, the blade length of the blade 123 is 1 to 3 mm. The length of the edge means the length of the edge of the blade 123, and is within the above-mentioned ideal range, and ensures the effective action range of the blade 123, so that the blade has ideal cutting efficiency. Illustratively, cutting edge 123 extends from the end face of polycrystalline diamond tip 120 to the peripheral surface thereof.
Exemplarily, the edge surface roughness Ra of the blade 123 is 0.1-0.4 μm. Surface roughness (roughness) refers to the small pitch and the unevenness of minute peaks and valleys of a machined surface, and the smaller the value, the smoother the surface. Under the surface precision, the cutting edge of the blade 123 is smooth and sharp, so that the surface precision of the cut workpiece can be ensured.
The adjacent cutting edges 123 have chip discharge grooves 124 therebetween for discharging chips generated by the cutting process in time. In the case where the aforementioned cutting edge 123 extends from the end surface of the polycrystalline diamond tip 120 to the circumferential surface thereof, the chip grooves 124 extend from the end surface of the polycrystalline diamond tip 120 to the circumferential surface thereof together. It will be appreciated that flutes 124 extend through the inner and outer surfaces of the end of polycrystalline diamond segments 120 to provide for timely lateral evacuation of chips.
The depth of the chip groove 124 has an influence on both the strength and the machining accuracy of the cutting edge 123. Here, the depth of the chip groove 124 is 0.08 to 0.15mm, so as to avoid the strength loss of the blade 123 caused by too large groove depth, and also avoid the machining interference caused by too small groove depth, thereby ensuring ideal structural strength and machining precision.
Illustratively, the helix angle of polycrystalline diamond segments 120 is between 35 and 60. Specifically, the helix angle of polycrystalline diamond tip 120, i.e., the helix angle of cutting edge 123, refers to the helix angle of cutting edge 123. It is understood that cutting edge 123 has a spiral configuration at the end of polycrystalline diamond tip 120. At the above-described angle, the strength and sharpness of the cutting edge 123, the magnitude of the cutting force, and the chip discharge speed are all preferable.
Referring to fig. 3 to 5, exemplarily, the blade 123 has a first side blade surface 123a and a second side blade surface 123b, and an included angle between the first side blade surface 123a and the second side blade surface is 0.5 ° to 1.2 °, so as to ensure better structural strength and cutting force. Exemplarily, an included angle between the first side blade face 123a and/or the second side blade face 123b and the groove bottom face 124a of the chip discharge groove 124 is 81.2-88 degrees, which ensures that the chip discharge groove 124 has a better drainage effect, so that the chips can be discharged in time.
The number of the cutting edges 123 is plural, and the cutting area of the polycrystalline diamond segments 120 is equally divided, so that the single-edge cutting depth and the back cutting depth of each cutting edge 123 are reduced, thereby reducing the cutting force between the cutting edges 123 and the workpiece to reduce the abrasion, and the cutting edges 123 can obtain a better service life and the workpiece can obtain a better surface quality. Exemplarily, the number of the blades 123 is 43 to 50. Under the numerical value, the distribution relation and the cutting amount of the cutting edge 123 are ideal, and the service life and the processing quality of the cutting edge 123 are further optimized.
Illustratively, the polycrystalline diamond solid cutting tool 100 has a clearance hole 125, and the clearance hole 125 is disposed at the distributed circumferential center of the plurality of blades 123. This reduces the contact area between the bottom edge of the polycrystalline diamond compact cutting tool 100 (the portion of the cutting edge 123 located at the end of the polycrystalline diamond compact cutting tool 100) and the workpiece, and further reduces the cutting force and the wear caused by the cutting force with the workpiece.
Illustratively, the polycrystalline diamond solid cutting tool 100 has a hollow cooling flow channel. The hollow cooling channel is used for flowing a cooling medium (such as cooling gas, cooling liquid, etc.) to cool the blade 123 and reduce the thermal damage of the blade 123. Exemplarily, one end of the hollow cooling channel is opened at the center of the distribution ring of the plurality of blades 123, so that the plurality of blades 123 are annularly distributed on the outer circumference of the end opening of the hollow cooling channel 125.
Three specific comparative experiments are provided herein for polycrystalline diamond solid cutting tools 100, as well as for welded-blade focused diamond cutting tools and cemented carbide cutting tools.
In comparative experiment 1, the number of blades of the polycrystalline diamond solid cutting tool 100 was 43, the width of the blade 123 was 0.04mm, the length of the blade was 1mm, the edge surface roughness Ra was 0.4 μm, the depth of the chip groove 124 was 0.08mm, and the helix angle of the polycrystalline diamond segment 120 was 35 °, and the test data thereof are shown in table 1.
In comparative experiment 2, the number of edges of polycrystalline diamond solid cutting tool 100 was 47, the width of edge 123 was 0.07mm, the length of edge was 2mm, the edge surface roughness Ra was 0.2 μm, the depth of chip groove 124 was 0.12mm, and the helix angle of polycrystalline diamond segment 120 was 50 °, and the test data are shown in table 2.
In comparative experiment 3, the number of blades of polycrystalline diamond solid cutting tool 100 was 50, the width of blade 123 was 0.10mm, the length of blade was 3mm, the edge surface roughness Ra was 0.1 μm, the depth of chip groove 124 was 0.15mm, and the helix angle of polycrystalline diamond segment 120 was 60 °, and the test data are shown in table 3.
[ TABLE 1 ]
[ TABLE 2 ]
[ TABLE 3 ]
Example 2
Referring to fig. 1 to 7, the present embodiment discloses a method for manufacturing a polycrystalline diamond bulk cutting tool, which is used for processing a polycrystalline diamond bulk cutting tool 100, and the processing method includes the following steps:
step A: the clamping shank blank is ground into a tool clamping shank 110 having a base axis with a predetermined precision. Typically, the clamping shank blank is a cylindrical blank having basic dimensions, which is ground to obtain the required circumferential accuracy. Illustratively, the clamping stock may be cut from a cylindrical bar stock.
After grinding, the clamping shank blank obtains a predetermined precision of the base axis, and the product is the tool clamping shank 110. The preset precision of the basic axis system refers to the preset precision of the basic axis system. In other words, the tool holding shank 110 is a reference axis, and its basic deviation is zero. The tool holder 110 can be used as a datum to provide a clamping or machining reference during subsequent machining and use.
The grinding method for clamping the handle blank is various, and the grinding method for clamping the handle blank can be a centerless grinding or an excircle grinding.
The centerless grinding machine does not need to adopt the axis of the clamping handle blank for positioning, generally comprises a guide wheel and a grinding wheel, the guide wheel drives the clamping handle blank to rotate, and the grinding wheel has a grinding effect on the clamping handle blank. Illustratively, centerless grinding may be accomplished by a centerless grinder.
The external grinding is a processing mode of clamping the clamping handle blank at two ends, rotating the clamping handle blank at a low speed and transversely feeding the clamping handle blank and the grinding wheel, thereby realizing grinding. Illustratively, the cylindrical grinding may be achieved by a cylindrical grinding machine.
And B: and (3) centering, aligning and clamping the polycrystalline diamond cutter head blank and the cutter clamping handle 110, and then performing vacuum welding at the welding temperature of 600-700 ℃ for 2-3 hours.
In other words, the tool clamping shank 110 is clamped in the cavity, and the polycrystalline diamond tool bit blank and the tool clamping shank 110 are positioned and aligned, so that the polycrystalline diamond tool bit blank and the tool clamping shank 110 are clamped and positioned to be in a welding state. Vacuum is then achieved in the chamber and the tool holder 110 and the polycrystalline diamond segments blank are welded together in a vacuum environment to form an integral structure. Wherein, the continuous welding is carried out for 2 to 3 hours at the welding temperature of 600 to 700 ℃, so that the cutter clamping handle 110 and the polycrystalline diamond cutter head blank are fully welded in place, and the connection structure and the strength are better.
Illustratively, the polycrystalline diamond segments 120 and the tool clamping shank 110 are welded by vacuum brazing, and the solder is silver brazing solder. The vacuum brazing is brazing in a vacuum environment, and the brazing refers to a welding method in which a welding flux lower than the melting point of a weldment and the weldment are heated to the melting temperature of the welding flux at the same time, and then a gap of a solid workpiece is filled with a liquid brazing filler metal to connect metals.
Illustratively, the polycrystalline diamond segments blank is a cylindrical blank having a base size. Illustratively, the polycrystalline diamond segment blank includes a welding base layer 121 and a polycrystalline diamond layer 122.
Exemplarily, the coaxiality of the cutter clamping handle 110 and the polycrystalline diamond cutter head blank is 0.002-0.01 mm, and the positioning and the aligning accuracy of the cutter clamping handle and the polycrystalline diamond cutter head blank are guaranteed, so that the welding quality is guaranteed. The coaxiality is a positional deviation between the axis of the reference clamping shank 110 and the axis of the polycrystalline diamond segment blank. By controlling the coaxiality, precise positioning between the cutter clamping handle 110 with the cylindrical profile and the polycrystalline diamond cutter head blank can be realized.
And C: the polycrystalline diamond segments blank is ground to a predetermined precision with the tool clamping shank 110 as a reference. In other words, the welded blank is clamped with the tool clamping handle 110 as a clamping reference, and the polycrystalline diamond tool bit blank is ground with the tool clamping handle 110 as a machining reference to reach a preset precision for the next edging process.
The polycrystalline diamond tool bit blank is ground in a plurality of ways, and the grinding way is cylindrical grinding exemplarily. The introduction of cylindrical grinding is described in the text above and will not be described further herein.
Step D: and laser cutting one end of the polycrystalline diamond cutter head blank, which is far away from the cutter clamping handle 110, to form a plurality of cutting edges 123 distributed annularly and a chip removal groove 124 between the cutting edges 123 one by one, so as to obtain the polycrystalline diamond integral cutting cutter 100. After this process, the polycrystalline diamond segment blank becomes polycrystalline diamond segment 120. It can be understood that the laser cutting and forming process still uses the tool clamping handle 110 as a clamping reference and a processing reference.
The laser cutting and forming refers to that laser excited by a laser acts on a specified position of a polycrystalline diamond cutter head blank, and materials at the specified position are melted and removed through laser energy. Along with the movement of the laser path, a plurality of blades 123 and flutes 124 are formed one by one on the polycrystalline diamond tool bit blank. It can be understood that the basic shape and the cutting edge of the blade 123 are formed by laser cutting in one step, and have ideal processing precision.
And D, laser cutting and forming basic processing indexes are as follows: the width of the cutting edge 123 is 0.04-0.1 mm, the surface roughness Ra of the cutting edge 123 is 0.1-0.4 μm, and the depth of the chip groove 124 is 0.08-0.15 mm.
Further, the laser cutting and forming in the step D may further include the following processing indexes: the length of the blades 123 is 1-3 mm, the helix angle of the polycrystalline diamond integral cutting tool 100 is 35-60 degrees, and the number of the blades 123 is 43-50 and is uniformly distributed annularly.
In all examples shown and described herein, any particular value should be construed as merely exemplary, and not as a limitation, and thus other examples of example embodiments may have different values.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of several embodiments of the present invention, which are described in detail and specific, but not intended to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit of the present invention, several variations and modifications can be made, which are within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the appended claims.