CN1596104A - 改进的释放剂型 - Google Patents
改进的释放剂型 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
在一个实施方案中,剂型包括:(a)至少一种活性成分;(b)以模塑片心在室温下是固体;(c)壳至少与一部分的片心相接触,其特征在于,剂型与液体介质接触时,剂型提供活性成分的改进的释放。在另一个实施方案中,剂型包括:(a)至少一种活性成分;(b)模塑片心包括许多微粒;(c)壳至少与一部分的片心相接触,其特征在于,剂型与液体介质接触时,剂型提供活性成分的改进的释放。
Description
发明背景
技术领域
本发明涉及改进的释放剂型,如改进的释放药物组合物。更特别的是,本发明涉及改进的释放剂型包括模片心,和存在于至少一部分片心中的壳。
背景信息
改进的释放药物剂型一直被用来优化药物释放和增加患者的依从性,特别是通过减少患者每日必须使用的药剂数量。为此目的,经常需要改进药物(活性成分的一种特别优选的形式)从剂型中释放到患者胃肠道(g.i.)液中的速度,尤其是减慢释放以在体内延长药物的反应。
口服药物活性成分到达体内反应部位的速度取决于许多因素,包括通过胃肠道(g.i.)黏膜吸收药物的速度和程度。为了被吸收入循环系统(血液),药物必须首先溶解在胃肠道(g.i.)液中。对于许多药物,与溶出度相比,通过胃肠道(g.i.)膜扩散相对迅速。在这种情况下,活性成分的溶出度是药物吸收速度的限速步骤,通过控制溶出速度,配方人员可以控制药物吸收进入患者循环系统的速度。
改进的释放剂型的一个重要目标是提供药物所需的与时间相对的血液浓度(药物代谢动力学,或PK)分布图。基本上,药物的药物代谢动力学分布图受药物吸收入血液和药物从血液中清除的速度控制。在其他因素中,所需的药物代谢动力学分布图类型取决于特定的活性成分和所治疗的生理情况。
对于许多药物和生理情况来说,特别需要的药物代谢动力学分布图是在相对长的时间内,血液中的药物水平保持基本恒定(即药物吸收速度与药物清除速度接近相等)。这样的系统有益于减少用药次数,改善患者的依从性,同时在保持全部疗效时将副作用减少到最低程度。能提供药物的“零级”释放速度或恒定释放速度的剂型可于这一目的。由于零级释放系统很难获得,那些接近恒定的释放速度的系统,例如一级时间图像和时间平方根图像被经常用于提供药物的持续(延长、延续或延迟)释放。
另一种特别需要的药物代谢动力学分布图是通过传送延迟的释放溶出度分布的剂型获得的,该剂型的药物释放延迟到患者摄取后的一个预先确定的时间。该延迟期(“迟延时间”)可以在活性成分即时释放以后(“延迟爆发”),或在活性成分的持续(延长、延续或延迟)释放以后(“延迟后持续”)。
熟知的剂型(或给药系统)以控制速度(例如持续、延长、延续或延迟释放)释放药物的机理包括扩散、侵蚀和渗透。
一种经典的扩散控制释放系统包括含有活性成分的“贮主”,被“膜”包围,活性成分必须通过该膜扩散以被吸收进入患者的血流。药物释放的速度,(dM/dt)取决于膜的面积(A),扩散路径长度(l),药物跨膜的浓度梯度(ΔC),药物进入膜内的分配系数(K),和扩散系数(D):
dM/dt={ADKΔC}/l
由于上述一个或多个条件,特别是扩散路径长度和浓度梯度倾向于不恒定,扩散控制系统常提供不恒定的释放速度。通常,扩散控制释放系统的药物释放速度一般遵守一级动力学。膜储存类型系统的一个缺点是它们对“剂量倾倒”的易损性。扩散膜必须在剂型的整个功能寿命过程中保持完整不破裂,以防止与毒副作用有关的过量给药的发生和可能性。扩散膜储存系统的一种典型类型包括作为储存物的压缩片心,被功能作为扩散膜的壳(或包衣)包围。当前的片心-壳系统受到可用的制造方法的限制,同时也受到适用于使用当前方法的材料的限制。提供改进的释放特性的壳或包衣通常通过常规方法获得,例如,在包衣盘中喷雾包衣。包衣盘生产基本包围片心的单壳。在包衣中常发生的缺陷包括“钩”(“picking”)、“粘”(“sticking”)和“形成孪晶”(“twinning”),所有这些会在包衣中导致不需要的孔,这些孔会导致剂量倾倒。可通过喷雾范围的包衣组合物受到粘性的限制。高度粘性的溶液对泵和通过喷嘴输送是困难的或不能实行的。喷雾包衣方法还受到耗时和费用大的限制。喷雾有效量的包衣以控制活性成分的释放需要用数小时的喷雾。包衣时间达8到24小时并非少见。
另一种常见的扩散控制释放系统包括活性成分,分布贯穿于不溶解的多孔渗水基质,活性成分通过不溶解的多孔基质扩散以被吸收入患者的血流。在特定的时间和沉浸条件下(即基质表面的药物浓度比大量溶液中的药物浓度大得多),药物释放的量(M),取决于基质的面积(A),扩散系数(D),基质的多孔性(E)和弯曲度(T),在溶出介质中的药物溶解度(Cs),时间(t)和剂型中的药物浓度(Cp):
M=A(DE/T(2Cp-Ecs)(Cs)t)1/2
上述关系表明药物释放的量通常与时间的平方根成比例。假设因子如基质多孔性和弯曲度在剂型内是不变的,药物释放量的线图对时间的平方根的关系应当是线性的。扩散基质系统的典型类型可以通过将活性成分与有可溶性和不溶性物质的混合物一起压制来制备,该混合物是设计来产生所需的多孔性和弯曲度,使可溶性物质溶解在溶出介质或胃肠道液中。
一种通常使用的侵蚀控制释放系统包括“基质”,药物分布其中。该基质通常包含表面膨胀的物质,该物质一层层缓慢溶解,在溶解时释放药物。药物释放的速度(dM/dt),在这些系统中取决于基质的侵蚀速度(dx/dt),基质中的浓度图像,和系统的表面面积(A):
dM/dt=A{dx/dt}{f(C)}
此外,在一个或多个条件中变化,如表面面积,通常导致药物的非恒定释放速度。通常,侵蚀控制释放系统的药物释放速度一般遵从一级动力学。制备该侵蚀基质系统的一种典型方法是将活性成分与一种可压缩赋形剂的混合物相混合,该混合物包含水性膨胀侵蚀物质,该水性膨胀侵蚀物质在膨胀时产生临时屏障,表面层在溶出介质或胃肠道液中缓慢溶解、持续缩小时,少量活性成分被释放。
另一种类型的侵蚀控制释放系统采用在表面侵蚀时缓慢膨胀和溶解的物质,以提供药物活性成分的延迟释放。延迟释放对例如脉动的或重复反应释放系统是有用的。在上述系统中,在即时的剂量释放后,接着有预先确定的迟延时间,随后又有剂量从系统中释放。在这些系统中,迟延时间(T1)取决于侵蚀层的厚度(h),和基质侵蚀的速度(dx/dt),该速度依次取决于基质成分的膨胀速度和溶解度:
T1=h(dx/dt)
在特定时间内,从这些系统中释放的药物的累计量(M)通常遵守下列等式:
M=(dM/dt)(t-T1)式其中dM/dt是通常由上述扩散控制或侵蚀控制等式描述的,T1是迟延时间。
为获得扩散基质或侵蚀基质而通过压制制备的改进的释放剂型可见美国专利5,738,874和6,294,200,及WO99/51209的举例。压制的剂型受限于可完成的几何形状,同时受限于合适的生产材料。
WO 97/49384描述了一种治疗性化合物与高分子量聚环氧乙烷的热熔化可挤压的混合物。在一些实施方案,该制剂还包括聚乙二醇。使用的高分子量聚环氧乙烷的分子量约为1百万道尔顿到1千万道尔顿之间。高分子量聚环氧乙烷与活性成分之间的最小比值是80∶20。该参考文件中的剂型在可释放的活性成分的量上有限制。该组合物中可释放的活性成分的最大的量不超过该组合物重量的20%。典型的热熔化系统还要受到高加工温度的限制,所以对释放低熔化或不耐热的活性成分不是最佳的。典型的热熔化系统对释放活性成分包衣微粒也不是最佳的,因为加工温度高,和通过挤压机或喷嘴加工时产生的高剪切。典型的热熔化系统对使用常规方法如喷雾、浸蘸或压制进行包衣也不是最佳的。
需要有一种通用的和有成本效益的方法来制备改进的释放基质系统,该系统不易受于剂量倾倒。还需要制备各种形状的改进的释放基质系统的方法,或用于功能目的,如使用某些有利的几何形状获得所需的释放图像,或用于顾客偏爱的目的,如可吞咽性、剂型的精致和产品的识别和区分。还需要能以相对小的剂型释放相对高水平的活性成分的控制释放基质系统。还需要释放低熔化或不耐热活性成分的改进的释放基质系统。还需要能释放活性成分的包衣微粒的改进的释放基质系统。还需要有将壳应用于模片心。
本发明的一个目的是提供至少含有一种活性成分的剂型,当该剂型与液体介质接触时表现出改进的释放图像。本发明的另一个目的是提供至少含有一种活性成分的剂型,当该剂型与液体介质接触时表现出改进的释放图像。本发明的其他目的、特征和优点通过下文详细描述对本领域熟练技术人员是明显的。
发明概述
在一个实施方案中,本发明的剂型包括;(a)至少一种活性成分(b)以模塑片心在室温下是固体(c)壳至少与一部分的片心相接触,其中剂型与液体介质接触时剂型提供活性成分的改进的释放。
在另一个实施方案中,以模塑片心包括分散在模制基质中的一种或多种活性成分。
在另一个实施方案中,当剂型与液体介质接触时,壳能提供对至少一种活性成分的改进的释放。
在另一个实施方案中,当剂型与液体介质接触时,在至少一种活性成分释放前,壳能提供时间延迟。
在另一个实施方案中,该时间延迟不依赖于液体介质的PH。
在另一个实施方案中,壳包含至少占重量约30%的热可逆性载体。
在另一个实施方案中,壳包含至少一种活性成分。
在另一个实施方案中,片心包含模制基质。
在另一个实施方案中,片心包含至少一种活性成分。
在另一个实施方案中,当剂型与液体介质接触时,片心能提供对至少一种活性成分的改进的释放。
在另一个实施方案中,片心包含一种或多种释放改进赋形剂。
在另一个实施方案中,释放改进赋形剂选自膨胀性可侵蚀的亲水物质、PH依赖性聚合物、不溶性可食用物质和孔形成剂,及它们的衍生物、共聚物和组合物。
在另一个实施方案中,片心包含至少30%的热可逆性载体。
在另一个实施方案中,热可逆性载体选自聚乙二醇、热塑性聚氧乙烷、虫胶和它们的衍生物、共聚物和组合物。
在另一个实施方案中,热可逆性载体的熔化点在约20℃到约110℃。
在另一个实施方案中,片心包含许多有至少一种活性成分的微粒。
在另一个实施方案中,至少一部分微粒有包衣,当包衣微粒与液体介质接触时,该包衣能提供对所包含的活性成分的改进的释放。
在另一个实施方案中,至少一部分微粒有包衣,该包衣包含10-100wt.%的释放改进聚合物,该释放改进聚合物选自PH依赖性聚合物、水溶性聚合物、不溶于水的聚合物,和它们的共聚物和衍生物及混合物。
在另一个实施方案中,当剂型与液体介质接触时,在至少一部分活性成分释放前,出现时间延迟。
在另一个实施方案中,在时间延迟后释放的活性成分的部分是以持续方式释放的。
在另一个实施方案中,剂型包含相同或不同的第一和第二活性成分,当剂型与液体介质接触时,第一活性成分是以持续方式释放的,在第二活性成分释放前有时间延迟。
在另一个实施方案中,壳包含第一活性成分,片心包含第二活性成分,第一和第二活性成分可以相同或不同,当剂型与液体介质接触时,第一活性成分立即释放,接着有时间延迟,继以第二活性成分释放。
在另一个实施方案中,壳包含第一活性成分,片心包含第二活性成分,第一和第二活性成分可以相同或不同,当剂型与液体介质接触时,第一活性成分立即释放,接着第二活性成分持续释放。
在另一个实施方案中,壳包含第一活性成分,片心包含有第二活性成分的微粒,第一和第二活性成分可以相同或不同,当剂型与液体介质接触时,第一活性成分立即释放,接着第二活性成分持续释放。
在另一个实施方案中,活性成分的水平至少是片心重量的约25%。
在另一个实施方案中,模制基质包含热可逆性载体,该热可逆性载体的熔化点约20℃到约100℃。
在另一个实施方案中,模制基质包含热可逆性载体,该热可逆性载体选自热塑性聚亚烷基氧化物、低熔化疏水物质、热塑性聚合物、热塑性淀粉和它们的组合物。
在另一个实施方案中,模制基质包含低熔化热可逆性载体,该热可逆性载体选自聚己内酯、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚二醇和它们的组合物,该热可逆性载体的水平占该基质重量的约30%到约70%。
在另一个实施方案中,模制基质包含热可逆性载体,该热可逆性载体选自聚乙二醇或聚环氧乙烷,该热可逆性载体水平占该基质重量的约10%到约100%。
在另一个实施方案中,模制基质还包含约15%到约25%水平的热塑性聚环氧乙烷。
在另一个实施方案中,壳的厚度约300微米到约2000微米。
在另一个实施方案中,壳的厚度约150微米到约400微米。
在另一个实施方案中,壳的重量是片心重量的约50%到约400%。
在另一个实施方案中,壳的重量是片心重量的约20%到约100%。
在另一个实施方案中,片心完全没有直径0.5微米到5.0微米的孔。
在另一个实施方案中,热可逆性载体是分子量约100到约8000道尔顿的聚乙二醇。
在另一个实施方案中,模制基质包含释放改进赋形剂。
在另一个实施方案中,释放改进聚合物是虫胶。
在另一个实施方案中,释放改进赋形剂是交联羧甲基纤维素钠。
在另一个实施方案中,剂型还包括作为增塑剂的柠檬酸三丁酯。
在另一个实施方案中,壳包括薄膜形成剂,该薄膜形成剂选自乙酸纤维素、B型甲基丙烯酸铵共聚物、虫胶、羟丙基甲基纤维素、聚环氧乙烷和它们的组合物。
在另一个实施方案中,壳包括选自膨胀性可侵蚀的亲水物质的释放改进赋形剂。
在另一个实施方案中,释放改进赋形剂是交联羧甲基纤维素钠。
在另一个实施方案中,壳包括作为增塑剂的柠檬酸三乙酯。
附图的概述
图1A描绘了本发明的剂型的一个实施方案的截面侧视图。
图1B描绘了本发明的剂型的一个实施方案的截面侧视图。
图2描绘了测试实施例1的剂型的活性成分的释放与时间比较的百分比。
发明的详细描述
在本文中,术语“剂型”应用于设计容纳特定的预先确定的量(即剂量)的某些成分的任何固体物体、半固体或液体组合物,例如下文详述的活性成分。合适的剂型可以是药学上给药系统,包括用于口服施用、口腔施用、直肠使用、局部或粘膜传递,或皮下植入或其他植入的给药系统;或用于传递矿物质、维生素或其他营养药、口服护理制剂、食用香料等等。本发明的剂型被认为是固体较佳,但是它们会液体或半固体成分。在一个较佳实施例中,剂型是用于向人的胃肠道传递药物活性成分的口服使用系统。
本发明的剂型显示对容纳于其中的一种或多种活性成分的改进的释放。一种或多种活性成分可以在壳中、模制基质中出现、或包衣或不包衣的微粒分布在其中。在本文中,术语“改进的释放”应用于剂型、基质、微粒、包衣,及它们的部分,或以任何形式改变活性成分释放的组合物。在以改进形式释放的一种或几种活性成分可以被容纳于提供改进的壳、片心、组合物,或它们的部分中。另一方面,改进的释放活性成分可以容纳在提供改进的壳、片心、组合物,或它们的部分的剂型的不同部分中;例如改进的释放活性成分可以容纳在片心中,由覆盖的壳部分提供改进。改进的释放类型包括控制型、延长型、持续型、延续型、延迟型、脉动型、重复作用等等。获得这些改进的释放类型的机理包括扩散、侵蚀、通过几何学方法控制表面积和/或用不渗透的屏障,或其他本领域知晓的其它机理。而且,剂型的改进释放的特性可以通过对片心或其一部分、或壳或其一部分、或剂型这些部分的组合物的设计来获得。
图1A所描绘的本发明的第一个实施方案是剂型202的截面侧视图,该剂型包含有模制基质的模制片心204及与片心204的至少一部分接触的壳203。在图1A中片心204包含许多无包衣的微粒206,虽然在本发明的实施方案中并未要求。活性成分可以容纳在基质、无包衣的微粒内(如果使用)、壳,或它们的组合物。当剂型与液体介质如水、胃肠道液等接触时,剂型提供活性成分的改进的释放。或是壳或是基质或它们的组合物可以提供活性成分的改进的释放。
图1B所描绘的本发明的另一个实施方案是剂型252的截面侧视图,该剂型包含有模制基质的模制片心254及与核254至少有一部分接触的壳253。在图1B中片心254包含许多有包衣的微粒256。活性成分可以容纳在基质、包衣的微粒、壳,或它们的组合物内。当剂型与液体介质如水、胃肠道液等等接触时,剂型提供活性成分的改进的释放。壳、包衣、基质或它们的组合物的任何一个可以提供活性成分的改进的释放。
剂型中使用的活性成分可以在片心、微粒(不论包衣或不包衣)、壳或它们的组合物内发现。用于本发明的合适活性成分包括例如药物、矿物质、维生素和其它营养药、口腔护理剂、食用香料和它们的混合物。合适的药物包括止痛药、抗炎剂、抗关节炎药、麻醉剂、抗组胺药、止咳药、抗生素、抗感染药、抗病毒药、抗凝剂、抗抑郁药、抗糖尿病药、止吐药、抗气胀药、抗真菌药、解痉药、食欲抑制剂、支气管扩张药、心血管制剂、中枢神经系统制剂、中枢神经系统兴奋剂、减轻充血剂、利尿剂、祛痰药、胃肠道制剂、偏头痛制剂、运动病产品、粘液溶解剂、肌肉弛缓剂、骨质疏松病制剂、聚二甲基硅氧烷、呼吸制剂、助眠剂、尿道制剂和它们的混合物。
合适的口腔护理制剂包括呼吸清新剂、牙齿增白剂、抗微生物剂、牙齿矿化剂、龋齿抑制剂、局部麻醉剂、粘膜保护剂等等。
合适的食用香料包括薄荷脑、薄荷、薄荷香料、水果香料、巧克力、香草、口香糖香料、咖啡香料、液体香料和组合物等等。
合适的胃肠道制剂的例子包括抗酸药如碳酸钙、氢氧化镁、氧化镁、碳酸镁、氢氧化铝、碳酸氢钠、二羟铝碳酸钠;刺激的缓泻药如吡沙可啶、波希鼠李皮、丹蒽酮、番泻叶、酚酞、芦荟、蓖麻油、蓖麻油酸和脱氧胆酸及它们的混合物;H2受体拮抗剂如法莫替丁、雷尼替丁、西米替丁、尼扎替丁、质子泵抑制剂如奥美拉唑或兰索拉唑;胃肠道细胞保护剂如硫糖铝和米索前列醇;胃肠道促运动药如普卡比利,针对幽门螺杆菌的抗生素如克拉霉素、阿莫西林、四环素和甲硝唑;止泻药如地芬诺酯和洛哌丁胺;甘罗溴铵;止吐药如奥丹西酮;止痛药如美沙拉嗪。
本发明的一个实施方案中,活性制剂可选自吡沙可啶、法莫替丁、雷尼替丁、西米替丁、普卢卡比利、地芬诺酯、洛哌丁胺、乳糖酶、美沙拉嗪、铋、抗酸药和药物可接受的盐、酯、异构体和它们的混合物。
在另一个实施方案中,活性制剂可选自止痛药、抗炎剂和退热药,如非甾体类抗炎药(NSAIDs),包括丙酸衍生物,如布洛芬、萘普生、酮洛芬等等;醋酸衍生物,如吲哚美辛、双氯芬酸、舒林酸、托美汀等等;芬那酸衍生物,如甲芬那酸,甲氧芬那酸、氟芬那酸等等;二苯基羧酸衍化物,如二氟尼柳,氟苯柳,等等;和昔康类制剂,如吡罗昔康,舒多昔良,伊索昔康,美洛昔康等等。在一个较佳实施方案中,在本发明的一个较佳实施例中,活性制剂可选自丙酸衍生物NSAID,如布洛芬、萘普生、氟比洛芬、芬布芬、非诺洛芬、吲哚咯芬、酮洛芬、氟洛芬、吡洛芬、卡洛芬、奥沙普嗪、普拉洛芬、舒洛芬和药学上可接受的盐、衍生物和它们的组合物。在本发明的另一实施方案中,活性制剂可选自对乙酰氨基酚、乙酰水杨酸、布洛芬、萘普生、酮洛芬、氟比洛芬、双氯芬酸、环苯扎林、美洛昔康、罗非昔布、塞来昔布和药学上可接受的盐、酯、异构体和它们的混合物。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,活性成分制剂可选自伪麻黄碱、苯丙醇胺、氯苯那明、右美沙芬、苯海拉明、多西接敏、阿司咪唑、去甲阿司咪唑、特非那定、非索非那定、氯雷他定、地氯雷他定、西替利嗪、和药学上可接受的盐、酯、异构体和它们的混合物。
合适的聚二甲基硅氧烷的例子,包括但不限于聚二甲基硅氧烷和二甲基硅油,在美国专利4,906,478;5,275,822;和6,103,260中公开,每篇文件的内容在本文中纳入作为参考。本文中使用的术语“二甲基硅油”指的是聚二甲基硅氧烷的大类,包括但不限于二甲硅油和聚二甲基硅氧烷。
治疗有效量的剂型中存在活性成分或成分,该量通过口服获得需要的治疗反应,且易被本领域熟练技术人员确定。如本领域所知,为确定该量,必须考虑使用的特定活性成分,该活性成分的生物利用度特征,剂量方案,病人的年龄和重量和其他因素。在一个较佳实施方案中,剂型包含一种或多种活性成分或成分,其结合水平超过约20重量百分比,例如至少占剂型的25重量百分比,或至少占剂型的约30重量百分比,或至少占剂型的约50%重量百分比。
活性成分或成分可以以任何形式出现存在于剂型中。例如,活性成分可以在在分子水平上分散,如熔化或溶解在剂型中,或以微粒形式存在,也可以是包衣或不包衣的。如果活性成分以微粒形式存在,该微粒(无论是包衣或不包衣的)通常有平均粒径约1-2000微米。在一个较佳实施方案中,该微粒是平均粒径约1-300微米的晶体。在另一个较佳实施方案中,该微粒是平均粒径约50-2000微米的颗粒或小丸,更佳约50-100微米,最佳约100-800。
本发明的模制基质是通过模塑获得,优选使用无溶剂步骤。在一个较佳实施方案中,该基质包含可流动物质。该可流动物质可以是任何可食用物质,该可食用物质在约37℃和约250℃之间是可流动的,在约-10℃和约80℃之间是固体、半固体或能形成凝胶。在一个较佳实施方案中,可流动物质包括占重量10-100%的热可逆性载体,该热可逆性载体的熔点低于约100℃,较佳约20到约100℃;和任选的可达约占重量30%的各种辅助剂,例如本领域中知晓的增塑剂、胶凝剂、着色剂、稳定剂、防腐剂等。可任选的是该基质还包含占重量约55%的一种或多种如下所述的释放改进赋形剂。
本发明的实施方案中基质包括占重量10-100%的热可逆性载体,该热可逆性载体的熔点低于约100℃,该低熔点物质可以包括例如热塑性聚亚烷基氧化物、低熔化疏水物质、热塑性聚合物、热塑性淀粉等。低熔点物质较佳选自热塑性聚合物、热塑性聚亚烷基氧化物、低熔化疏水物质和它们的组合物。
制备模制基质的合适的热可逆性载体包括热塑性物质,该热塑性物质熔点通常低于约110℃,较佳在约20到约100℃之间。合适的用于无溶剂的模塑的热可逆性载体包括热塑性聚二醇、热塑性聚亚烷基氧化物、低熔化疏水物质、热塑性聚合物、热塑性淀粉等。较佳的热可逆性载体包括聚乙二醇和聚环氧乙烷。用作热可逆性载体的合适的热塑性聚二醇包括分子量约100到约20,000的聚乙二醇,例如在约100到约8,000,在约100到约8,000道尔顿。合适的热塑性聚亚烷基氧化物包括分子量约100,000到约900,000道尔顿的聚环氧乙烷。用作热可逆性载体的合适的低熔化疏水物质包括在室温下是固体的脂肪、脂肪酸酯、磷脂和蜡,含脂肪的混合物如巧克力,等等。例如合适的脂肪包括氢化植物油,例如可可油、氢化棕榈仁油、氢化棉籽油、氢化向日葵油,和氢化大豆油;和游离脂肪酸和它们的盐。合适的脂肪酸酯的例子包括蔗糖脂肪酸酯、甘油一酸酯、甘油二酸酯、甘油三酸酯、甘油山嵛酸盐、甘油棕榈硬脂酸盐、甘油单硬脂酸盐、甘油三硬脂酸盐、甘油三月桂醇盐、甘油豆蔻酸盐、GlycoWax-932,月桂酰聚乙二醇-32甘油酯和硬脂酰聚乙二醇-32甘油酯。合适的磷脂的例子包括磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰丝氨酸、磷脂酰肌醇和磷脂酸。在室温下是固体的蜡的合适的例子包括巴西棕榈蜡、鲸蜡、蜂蜡、小烛树蜡、虫胶蜡、微晶蜡和石蜡。
在一个较佳的实施方案中,基质包括低熔点热可逆性载体,该低熔点热可逆性载体选自聚己内酯、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚二醇和它们的组合物,该热可逆性载体的水平占该基质重量的约30%到约70%,例如占该基质重量的约35%到约50%。该低熔点热可逆聚合物的熔点在约100℃以下。在该实施方案中,基质还包括作为增强聚合物在约15%到约25%水平的热塑性聚环氧乙烷。用于本发明的具有合适的热塑性特性的聚环氧乙烷的分子量在约100,000到约900,000。在另一个实施方案中,基质完全不含聚环氧乙烷,如含有少于占重量1%,或含有少于占重量的0.1%聚环氧乙烷。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,没有要求含有熔点在100℃以下的物质的基质,该基质组合物可以包含上述熔点在100℃以下的任何物质,该基质组合物还可以包含其他物质如释放改进制剂,不同的辅助剂例如本领域知晓的增塑剂,胶凝剂、着色剂、稳定剂、防腐剂等。
用于制备模制基质或其一部分的合适的释放改进的可模制赋形剂,包括但不限于膨胀性可侵蚀的亲水物质、PH依赖性聚合物、不溶性可食用物质和孔形成剂。
为了制备模制基质或其一部分,作为释放改进的赋形剂的合适的膨胀性可侵蚀的亲水物质包括水性可溶胀的纤维素衍生物、聚二醇、热塑性聚亚烷基氧化物、丙烯酸聚合物、水胶体、粘土、胶化淀粉和溶胀交联聚合物,和它们的衍生物、共聚物和组合物。合适的水溶胀的纤维素衍生物包括羧甲基纤维素钠、交链羟丙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素(HPC)、羟丙甲基纤维素(HPMC)、羟异丙基纤维素、羟丁基纤维素、羟苯基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素(HEC)、羟戊基纤维素、羟丙乙基纤维素、羟丙丁基纤维素、羟丙乙基纤维素。合适的聚乙二醇的例子包括聚环氧乙烷。合适的热塑性聚亚烷氧化物的例子包括聚环氧乙烷。合适的丙烯酸聚合物的例子包括甲基丙烯酸二苯乙烯钾共聚物、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、CARBOPOL(高分子量交联丙烯酸均聚物和共聚物等。)合适的胶体的例子包括例如藻酸盐、琼脂、瓜尔胶、刺槐豆胶、卡帕角叉菜聚糖、伊奥角叉菜聚糖、他拉胶、阿拉伯树胶、黄芪胶、果胶、黄原胶、吉兰糖胶、麦芽糊精、半乳甘露聚糖、pusstulan、海带多糖、硬葡聚糖、阿拉伯树胶、菊粉、果胶、明胶、whelan、rhamsan、zooglan、methylan、壳多糖、环糊精、脱乙酰壳多糖。合适的粘土的例子包括蒙脱石如斑脱土、高岭土、和laponite;三硅酸镁、硅酸铝镁等,及它们的衍生物和混合物。合适的胶化淀粉的例子包括酸性水解淀粉、溶胀淀粉如羟基乙酸淀粉钠,和它们的衍生物。合适的溶胀交链聚合物的例子包括交链聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、交链琼脂和交链羧甲基纤维素钠。
为了制备模制基质或其一部分,作为释放改进赋形剂的合适的PH依赖性聚合物包括肠纤维素衍生物,如邻苯二甲酸羟丙甲基纤维素、琥珀酸乙酸羟丙甲基纤维素、邻苯二甲酸乙酸纤维素;天然树脂如虫胶和玉米蛋白;肠乙酸衍生物例如邻苯二甲酸聚乙酸乙烯酯、邻苯二甲酸乙酸纤维素、乙醛乙酸二甲基纤维酸;和肠丙烯酸衍生物例如基于聚甲基丙烯酸酯的聚合物如由Rohm Phama GmbH以商品名EUDRAGITS提供的聚(甲基丙烯酸,甲基丙烯酸甲酯)1∶2,和由Rohm Phama GmbH以商品名EUDRAGITL提供的聚(甲基丙烯酸,甲基丙烯酸甲酯)1∶1,等,及它们的衍生物、盐、共聚物和组合物。
为了制备模制基质或其一部分,用作释放改进赋形剂的合适的不溶性可食用物质包括不溶于水的聚合物,和低熔点疏水物质。合适的不溶于水的聚合物的例子包括乙基纤维素、聚乙烯乙醇、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚己内酯、乙酸纤维素及其衍生物、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸共聚物;等;和它们的衍生物、共聚物和组合物。合适的低熔点疏水物质包括脂肪、脂肪酸酯、磷脂和蜡。合适的脂肪的例子包括氢化植物油,例如可可油、氢化棕榈仁油、氢化棉籽油、氢化向日葵油,和氢化大豆油;和游离脂肪酸和它们的盐。合适的脂肪酸酯的例子包括蔗糖脂肪酸酯、甘油一酸酯、甘油二酸酯、甘油三酸酯、甘油山嵛酸盐、甘油棕榈硬脂酸盐、甘油单硬脂酸盐、甘油三硬脂酸盐、甘油三月桂醇盐、甘油豆蔻酸盐、GlycoWax-932,月桂酰聚乙二醇-32甘油酯和硬脂酰聚乙二醇-32甘油酯。合适的磷脂的例子包括磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰丝氨酸、磷脂酰肌醇和磷脂酸。合适的蜡的例子包括巴西棕榈蜡、鲸蜡、蜂蜡、小烛树蜡、虫胶蜡、微晶蜡和石蜡;含脂肪的混合物如巧克力;等等。
为了制备模制基质或其一部分,作为释放改进赋形剂的合适的孔形成剂包括水溶性的有机和无机物质。在一个实施方案中,孔形成剂是羟丙甲基纤维素。合适的水溶性的有机物质包括水溶性聚合物包括水溶性纤维素衍生物如羟丙甲基纤维素,和羟丙基纤维素;水溶性碳水化合物如糖和淀粉;水溶性聚合物如聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和聚乙二醇,和不溶性溶胀聚合物如微晶纤维素。合适的水溶性无机物质包括盐,如氯化钠和氯化钾等,和/或它们的混合物。
为了制备模制基质或其一部分,合适的增塑剂包括三醋精、乙酰化的单酸甘油酯、菜油、橄榄油、芝麻油、乙酰三丁酯柠檬酸、甘油山梨醇、二乙基草酸盐、二乙基苹果酸盐、二乙基延胡索酸盐、二丁基琥珀酸盐、二乙基丙二酸、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、二丁基琥珀酸、三乙基柠檬酸、三丁基柠檬酸、甘油三丁酸、丙二醇、聚乙二醇、氢化蓖麻油、脂肪酸、替代的甘油三酯和甘油酯,等等。
基质可以是各种不同的形状。例如,基质的形状可以是多面体,如立方体、棱锥体、棱柱体等等;可以有一些非平直表面的几何空间图形,如圆锥形、平截的圆锥形、圆柱体、球体、圆环等等。在某些实施方案中,基质有一个或多个主面。例如在某些实施方案中,基质表面可以有相对的主面,该主面是与上下模具表面接触形成的。在该实施方案中,片心表面还可以包含位于两个主面间的“腹带”,它是与模子的侧壁接触形成的。
在一个实施方案中,基质是通过热定位模塑制备的,使用的方法和设备是如待批的美国专利申请序列号09/966,450,第57-63页所述的内容,本文引入作为参考。在该实施方案中,通过把流动形式的始料注入模腔中来形成基质。该始料包含活性成分和热固定物质,温度在热固定物质的熔点以上但在活性成分的分解温度以下较佳。该始料在模腔中冷却和凝固,形成有形状的形式(即有模具的形状)。
在另一个实施方案中,基质是通过热循环模塑制备的,使用的方法和设备是如待批的美国专利申请序列号09/966,497,第27-51页所述的内容,本文引入作为参考。在该实施方案中,通过把流动形式的始料注入加热的模腔中来形成基质。该始料包含活性成分和热塑性物质,温度在热塑性物质的设定温度以上但在活性成分的分解温度以下较佳。该始料在模腔中冷却和凝固,形成有形状的形式(即有模具的形状)。
根据这些方法,始料必须是可流动形式的。例如,它可以包含悬浮在熔化的基质(如聚合物基质)中的固体微粒。始料可以是完全熔化或是糊状的形式。始料可以包含溶解在熔化的物质中的活性成分。另一方面,始料可以通过在溶剂中溶解和/或悬浮固体获得,在始料被模塑后溶剂从始料中蒸发。
如果基质中含有微粒,该微粒(不论包衣或不包衣)一般平均粒径约1-2000微米。在一个较佳实施方案中,微粒是活性成分或成分的晶体,平均粒径约1-300微米。在另一个较佳实施方案中,该微粒是平均粒径50-2000微米的颗粒或小丸,约50-100微米更佳,约100-800最佳。
在本发明的使用无包衣微粒的特定实施方案中,该微粒可包含如本文所述的活性成分,或可以是用来在剂型的外观上提供视觉区分的非活性微粒。
在本发明的使用有包衣微粒的特定实施方案中,该微粒可如本文所述的,微粒包衣可以包含占重量约10-100%(基于包衣重量)的膜形成剂;任选的是,基于包衣重量可达约50%的孔形成剂;任选的是,可达重量约30%的各种辅助剂或赋形剂如增塑剂等。该微粒可以用本领域的熟练技术人员所熟知的常规包衣技术进行包衣,包括微囊技术如凝聚、喷干、和液化床包衣包括切线喷雾转子包衣法和底喷沃斯特包衣浊。合适的微粒包衣方法和材料可见美国专利5,286,497;4,863,742;4,173,626;4,980,170;4,984,240;5,912,013;6,270,805;和6,322,819。在某些实施方案中,该包衣微粒可以提供对某些实施方案中所包含的活性成分的控制释放。
用于微粒包衣的合适的膜形成剂包括,但不限于膜形成水溶性聚合物、膜形成蛋白、膜形成不溶于水的聚合物,和膜形成PH依赖性聚合物。在一个实施方案中,用于微粒包衣的薄膜形成剂选自乙酸纤维素、B型甲基丁烯酸铵共聚物、虫胶、羟丙甲基纤维素、聚环氧乙烷和它们的组合物。
用于微粒包衣的合适的膜形成水溶性聚合物包括水溶性乙烯聚合物如聚乙烯乙醇;水溶性聚碳水化合物如羟丙基淀粉、羟乙基淀粉、支链淀粉、甲乙基淀粉、羧甲基淀粉、预胶质化淀粉、和膜形成改性淀粉;水溶胀纤维素衍生物如羟丙基纤维素(HPC)、羟丙甲基纤维素(HPMC)、甲基纤维素(MC)、羟乙甲基纤维素(HMEC)、羟丁甲基纤维素(HBMC)、羟乙乙基纤维素(HEEC)和羟乙羟丙甲基纤维素(HEMPMC);水溶性共聚物如甲基丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物,聚乙烯乙醇和聚乙二醇共聚物、聚环氧乙烷和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮共聚物,及它们的衍生物和组合物。
合适的膜形成蛋白可以是天然的或化学修饰的,和包括明胶、乳清蛋白、肌原纤维蛋白、可凝固蛋白质如白蛋白、酪蛋白、酪蛋白酸和酪蛋白分离物、大豆蛋白和大豆蛋白分离物、玉米蛋白,及它们的聚合物衍化物和混合物。
在实施方案中,微粒包衣对微粒中包含的一种或多种活性成分进行改进的释放,合适的膜形成剂选自膜形成不溶于水的聚合物、膜形成PH依赖性聚合物、和它们的共聚物和组合物。在某些实施方案中,微粒包衣的功能是扩散膜,释放改进的微粒包衣包含孔形成剂较佳。
用于释放改进的微粒包衣的合适的膜形成不溶于水的聚合物包括例如乙基纤维素、聚乙烯乙醇、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚己内酯、乙酸纤维素及其衍生物、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸共聚物;等等;和它们的衍生物、共聚物和组合物。
用于释放改进的微粒包衣的合适的膜形成PH依赖性聚合物包括例如肠纤维素衍生物,如邻苯二甲酸羟丙甲基纤维素、琥珀酸乙醇羟丙甲基纤维素、邻苯二甲酸乙酸纤维素;天然树脂如虫胶和玉米蛋白;肠乙酸衍生物例如邻苯二甲酸聚乙酸乙烯酯、邻苯二甲酸乙酸纤维素、乙醛乙酸二甲基纤维素;和肠丙烯酸衍生物例如基于聚甲基丙烯酸酯的聚合物如由Rohm Phama GmbH以商品名EUDRAGITS提供的聚(甲基丙烯酸,甲基丙烯酸甲酯)1∶2,和由Rohm Phama GmbH以商品名EUDRAGITL提供的聚(甲基丙烯酸,甲基丙烯酸甲酯)1∶1,等,及它们的衍生物、盐、共聚物和组合物。
用于释放改进的微粒包衣的合适的孔形成剂包括水溶性有机和无机物质。在一个实施方案中,孔形成剂选自羟丙基纤维素和羟丙甲基纤维素。合适的水溶性有机物质的例子包括水溶性纤维素衍生物如羟丙甲基纤维素,和羟丙基纤维素;水溶性碳水化合物如糖和淀粉;水溶性聚合物如聚乙烯吡咯烷酮和聚乙二醇,和不溶性溶胀聚合物如微晶纤维素。合适的水溶性无机物质的例子包括盐,如氯化钠和氯化钾等等,和/或它们的混合物。
用于微粒包衣的合适的辅助剂或赋形剂的例子包括增塑剂、防粘剂、湿润剂、表面活性剂、消泡剂、着色剂、遮光剂、等等。通过模塑制备片心、壳、或它们的一部分的合适的增塑剂包括,但不限于聚乙二醇、丙二醇、甘油、山梨醇、柠檬酸三乙酯、柠檬酸三丁酯、癸二酸二丁酯;植物油如蓖麻油、菜油、橄榄油、芝麻油;表面活性剂如聚山梨醇酯、十二烷基硫酸钠、和硫代琥珀酸二辛酯钠;甘油单乙酸盐、甘油二乙酸盐、甘油三乙酸盐、天然树胶、三醋精、柠檬酸乙酰三丁酯、二乙基草酸盐、二乙基苹果酸盐、二乙基延胡索酸盐、二乙基丙二酸、邻苯二甲酸盐二辛基、琥珀酸二丁酯、甘油三丁酸盐、氢化蓖麻油、脂肪酸、取代的甘油三酸酯和甘油酯,等等;和/或它们的混合物。在一个实施方案中,增塑剂是柠檬酸三乙酯。在某些实施方案中,壳完全不含增塑剂,即含有少于约1%,估计少于约0.01%增塑剂。
在本发明的某些较佳实施方案中,剂型以持续、延续、延长、或延迟的形式释放包含的一种或多种活性成分,当剂型接触液体介质时以持续恒定的速度释放更佳。在该实施方案中,模制基质可有扩散基质或侵蚀基质的功能。在模制基质有侵蚀基质的功能的实施方案中,分散的活性成分以持续、延续、延长、或延迟的形式释放,该模制基质包含释放改进的可模塑的赋形剂较佳,该赋形剂选自膨胀性可侵蚀的亲水物质、PH依赖性聚合物、不溶性可食用物质及它们的组合物。在模制基质有扩散基质的功能的实施方案中,其中所含的活性成分以持续、延续、延长、或延迟的形式释放,该模制基质包含释放改进的赋形剂较佳,该赋形剂选自不溶性可食用物质和孔形成剂的组合物。另一方面,在基质是通过无溶剂模塑的实施方案中,热可逆性载体可以通过溶解和形成释放活性成分的孔或通道来起作用。
在本发明的某些较佳实施方案中,剂型以持续、延续、延长、或延迟的形式释放其中包含的至少第一和第二活性成分。在该实施方案中,虽然该剂型对第一和第二活性成分有利地提供不同类型的改进,第一和第二活性成分有不同的未改进的释放特性;所以第一和第二活性成分从剂型中的溶出度分布是相似的。在某些其他实施方案中,该剂型对第一和第二活性成分有利地提供不同类型的改进,所以第一和第二活性成分从剂型中的溶出度分布是完全不同的,例如,当剂型与液体介质接触时,第一和第二活性成分以不同的速度或时间从剂量中释放。在一个较佳实施方案中,当剂型与液体介质接触时,第一和第二活性成分都以完全恒定的速度从剂量中释放。
在本发明的某些其他实施方案中,当剂型与液体介质接触时,在至少一种或多种活性成分的一部分被释放后有一时间延迟,接着出现一种或多种延迟释放活性成分的持续释放。在该实施方案中,时间延迟是通过全部或一部分模制基质的溶出来提供的,随后的持续释放是通过活性成分的微粒上一种或多种包衣来提供的。在该实施方案中,模制基质包含选自PH依赖性聚合物的释放改进的赋形剂较佳。在该实施方案中,微粒包衣包含释放改进的赋形剂较佳,该赋形剂可以选自孔形成剂和不溶性可食物质的组合物、膨胀性侵蚀的亲水性物质、PH依赖性聚合物和它们的组合物。
在本发明的另一个特定的实施方案中,剂型包含可以是相同或不同的第一和第二活性成分,当剂型与液体介质接触时,发生第一活性成分的持续释放,继以第二活性成分的持续释放。在该实施方案中,第一活性成分的持续释放是通过全部或一部分模制基质的控制溶出来提供的,随后的第二活性成分的持续释放是通过活性成分的微粒上一种或多种包衣来提供的。在该实施方案中,该模制基质包含释放改进的赋形剂较佳,该赋形剂选自膨胀性侵蚀的亲水性物质、PH依赖性聚合物、不溶性可食物质和它们的组合物。在该实施方案中,微粒包衣含释放改进的赋形剂较佳,该赋形剂可以选自孔形成剂和不溶性可食的物质的组合物、膨胀性侵蚀的亲水性物质、PH依赖性聚合物和它们的组合物。
在本发明的另一个较佳的实施方案中,基质包括活性成分的第一剂量和其中所含的微粒包含活性成分的第二剂量,该第二剂量可以与第一活性成分相同或不同,当剂型与液体介质接触时,发生第一活性成分的即时释放,继以一延迟时间,接着是第二剂量活性成分的延迟释放。在该实施方案中,基质包括在胃肠液中显示快速溶解的物质较佳。例如即时释放壳的一部分或几部分可以包括选自水溶性或水膨胀性热塑性膜形成剂、水溶性或水膨胀性增厚剂,可结晶和非结晶的碳水化合物的易溶物质。在某些该实施方案中,合适的水溶性或水膨胀性热塑性膜形成剂可选自水膨胀性纤维素衍生物、热塑性淀粉、聚二醇、聚亚烷氧化物、无定形糖玻璃和它们的组合物。在某些其他该实施方案中,合适的膜形成剂可选自膜形成水溶性聚合物例如水溶性乙烯聚合物、水溶性多聚碳水化合物、水膨胀性纤维素衍生物,和水溶性共聚物、膜形成蛋白和它们的组合物。在某些其他该实施方案中,合适的增厚剂可选自胶凝聚合物或水胶体、胶凝淀粉、和可结晶的碳水化合物及它们的组合物。在某些其他该实施方案中,合适的非结晶的碳水化合物可选自多聚葡萄糖、淀粉水解物,和非结晶的糖乙醇,和它们的组合物。在该实施方案中,即时释放基质较佳地释放延迟释放活性成分的包衣微粒,是通过在30分钟内,在900ml水或0.1NHCL,或磷酸缓冲溶液,在37℃,用USP 2型(桨划法)以50或100rpm搅动进行的。在这些实施方案中,时间延迟是通过包含第二剂量活性成分的微粒的包衣来提供的。延迟释放微粒包衣包含释放改进的赋形剂较佳,该赋形剂选自膨胀性侵蚀的亲水性物质、PH依赖性聚合物和它们的组合物。
在本发明的另一个较佳实施方案中,基质包括活性成分的第一剂量和其中所含的微粒包含活性成分的第二剂量,该第二剂量可以与第一活性成分相同或不同,当剂型与液体介质接触时,发生第一剂量活性成分的即时释放,继以是第二剂量活性成分的持续释放。在该实施方案中,基质包括在胃肠液中显示快速溶解的物质较佳。例如即时释放壳的一部分或几部分可以包括选自水溶性或水膨胀性热塑性膜形成剂、水溶性或水膨胀性增厚剂,可结晶和非结晶的碳水化合物的易溶物质。在某些该实施方案中,合适的水溶性或水膨胀性热塑性膜形成剂可选自水膨胀性纤维素衍生物、热塑性淀粉、聚二醇、聚亚烷氧化物、无定形糖玻璃和它们的组合物。在某些其他该实施方案中,合适的膜形成剂可选自膜形成水溶性聚合物例如水溶性乙烯聚合物、水溶性多聚碳水化合物、水膨胀性纤维素衍生物,和水溶性共聚物、膜形成蛋白和它们的组合物。在某些其他该实施方案中,合适的增厚剂可选自胶凝聚合物或水胶体、胶凝淀粉、可结晶的碳水化合物。在某些其他该实施方案中,合适的非结晶的碳水化合物可选自多聚葡萄糖、淀粉水解物,和非结晶的糖乙醇。在该实施方案中,即时释放基质较佳地释放延迟释放活性成分的包衣微粒,是通过在30分钟内,在900ml水或0.1N HCL,或磷酸缓冲溶液,在37℃,用USP 2型(桨划法)以50或100rpm搅动进行破裂或溶解的佳。在这些实施方案中,持续释放是通过包含第二剂量活性成分的微粒的包衣来提供的。持续释放微粒包衣包含释放改进的赋形剂较佳,该赋形剂选自孔形成剂和不溶性可食物质的组合物、膨胀性侵蚀的亲水性物质、PH依赖性聚合物。
本发明的模制基质是将流动性物质通过一个孔注射入模腔,然后将流动性物凝固较佳,根据本文所述的方法,本文引入作为参考。在剂型包含微粒的实施方案中,该孔的直径大于微粒的直径,例如约1000微米到约4000微米,估计约2000微米到约3000微米。在某些该实施方案中,该微粒是以在基质物质中的流动性浆或悬液的形式被导入模腔中。该流动性浆或悬液可以在压力下通过该孔导入。在一个实施方案中,模具装配在注射点上没有阀。在另一个实施方案中,模具装配可包含弹性旋塞型阀,该阀在关闭时不压碎微粒。
有利的是,本方法提供了用于制备本发明的改进的释放模制基质系统的多功能的和有成本效益的加工方法。有利的是,本发明的方法可以在相对低的加工温度下进行,可以在模制基质剂型中使用低熔点活性成分、热不稳定活性成分,和包衣的微粒。有利的是,方法与本发明的材料的组合能够在模制基质剂型中导入相对高水平的活性成分,能够生产具有透明、半透明、或半透彻基质的独特的、精致的剂型。
在本发明的某些实施方案中,壳包含当剂型摄取时基本上立即释放活性成分。在这些实施方案中,壳包括在胃肠液中显示快速溶解的物质较佳。
在某些其他实施方案中,壳起扩散膜的作用,它包含液体能进入剂型的孔,溶解的活性成分可以持续、延续、延长、或延迟的形式释放。在这些实施方案中,活性成分从下面的片心释放的速度取决于壳上孔的总体面积、孔的路径长度、和活性成分的溶解性和扩散性(除从片心部分本身释放的速度以外)。在壳起扩散膜的作用的较佳实施方案中,活性成分从剂型中释放被描述为控制的、延长的、持续的或延续的。在这些实施方案中,促使活性成分从壳中溶解可遵从零阶、一阶、或时间平方根动力学。在某些该实施方案中,扩散膜壳部分优选地包含释放改进的赋形剂如孔形成剂和不溶性可食物质的组合物,不溶性可食物质如膜形成不溶于水的聚合物。另一方面,在壳是通过无溶剂模塑制备的实施方案中,热可逆性载体可通过溶解和形成活性成分可被释放通过的孔或通道来起作用。
在另外某些实施方案中,壳起侵蚀基质的作用,分散在壳中的活性成分通过壳表面连续层的溶解而释放。在这些实施方案中,活性成分释放的速度取决于壳中基质物质的溶解速度。用于提供表面侵蚀的有用基质物质包括那些首先吸收液体,然后在溶解前膨胀和/或凝胶的物质。在某些该实施方案中,侵蚀的基质壳优选地包括膨胀的可侵蚀的亲水物质。
在某些其他实施方案中,壳起屏障作用以防止包含在下面的片心或片心部分的活性成分的释放。在该实施方案中,活性成分通常从未被屏障壳部分的片心部分释放。有利的是,该实施方案允许控制释放活性成分的表面积。在某些特定的实施方案中,例如,用于释放活性成分的表面积可以随时间保持完全不变。在一个较佳实施方案中,至少一种活性成分的释放完全遵从零阶动力学。在某些该实施方案中,屏障壳部分包含不溶水的物质例如不溶水的聚合物较佳。
在某些其他实施方案中,壳起延迟释放包衣的作用,对包含在片心或其一部分的活性成分延迟释放。在这些实施方案中,对活性成分释放开始的延迟时间可以受到壳的被侵蚀或通过壳扩散,或它们的联合的控制。在某些该实施方案中,侵蚀的基质壳优先地包括膨胀性可侵蚀的亲水物质。
在壳起改进活性成分释放的作用的实施方案中,该活性成分包含在片心或壳部分中,壳部分的厚度对剂型的释放特性是重要的。有利的是,本发明的剂型可以对壳厚度有精确的控制。在一个较佳的实施方案中,壳起改进活性成分释放的作用,该活性成分包含在片心或壳中,壳是使用本文所述的热循环或热固定注射模塑方法和设备来制备的。
本发明的壳可以通过模塑制备,使用无溶剂加工,或基于溶剂的加工,取决于使用的方法,通常包含许多对壳有所需特性的有用的赋形剂。可任选的是,壳还可以包含一种或多种活性成分。
在壳是通过使用无溶剂模塑加工制备的实施方案中,壳通常包含至少占重量约30%,如至少占重量约45%的热可逆性载体。可任选的是,壳还可以包含占重量达约55%的释放改进的赋形剂。可任选的是,壳还可以包含占重量达约30%的各种增塑剂、辅助剂和赋形剂。在某些实施方案中,壳是通过无溶剂模塑制备的和壳起延迟一种或多种活性成分从下面的片心部分释放的作用,释放改进的赋形剂优先选自膨胀性可侵蚀的亲水性物质。
在壳是通过无溶剂模塑加工制备的实施方案中,壳的厚度通常约200到约4000微米,如约300到约2000微米。
在壳是通过无溶剂模塑加工制备的实施方案中,流动性始料可以是完全熔化的或以糊的形式。始料可以包括溶解在熔化物质中的活性成分。包含始料的成分最好混合在一起,加热到热可逆性载体的熔化温度以上以产生流动性始料。
在壳是通过基于溶剂的模塑加工制备的实施方案中,壳通常包含至少占重量约10%,如至少占重量约12%或至少占重量约15%或至少占重量约20%或至少占重量约25%的膜形成剂。在此,可任选的是,溶剂模塑的壳还可以包含占重量达约55%的释放改进的赋形剂。可任选的是,溶剂模塑的壳还可以包含占重量达约30%的增塑剂、辅助剂和赋形剂。在壳是通过基于溶剂的模塑加工制备的实施方案中,壳的厚度通常小于约800微米,如约100到约600微米,如约150到约400微米。
在壳是通过基于溶剂的模塑加工制备的实施方案中,流动性始料可以通过在溶剂中溶解和/或悬浮固体来制备。溶剂在始料被模塑以后从始料中蒸发。包含始料的成分最好混合在一起,可任选的是,加热以分散膜形成剂,和产生流动性始料的其他可任选的成分。
壳的一部分或几部分的总重量是片心重量的约20%到约400%较佳。在壳的一部分或几部分是通过使用无溶剂模塑加工制备的实施方案中,壳的一部分或几部分的总重量通常是片心重量的约50%到约400%,如约75%到约400%,如约100%到约200%。在壳的一部分或几部分是通过基于溶剂的模塑加工制备的实施方案中,壳的一部分或几部分的总重量通常是片心重量的约20%到约100%。
用无溶剂模塑制备壳的合适的热可逆性载体的熔点一般低于约110℃,如约20到约100℃。用无溶剂模塑制备壳的合适的热可逆性载体选自本文所列的热可逆性载体,该热可逆性载体用于无溶剂模塑制备片心。用无溶剂模塑制备壳的较佳热可逆性载体选自聚乙二醇、热塑性聚环氧乙烷、虫胶和它们的组合物。
用无溶剂模塑或基于溶剂的模塑制备壳部分的合适的释放改进制剂包括但不限于膨胀性可侵蚀的亲水物质、PH依赖性聚合物、和孔形成剂。
用无溶剂模塑和基于溶剂的模塑的制备壳的合适的增塑剂包括,但不限于聚乙二醇、丙二醇、甘油、山梨醇、柠檬酸三乙酯、柠檬酸三丁酯、癸二酸二丁酯;植物油如蓖麻油、菜油、橄榄油、芝麻油;表面活性剂如聚山梨醇酯、十二烷基硫酸钠、和硫代琥珀酸二辛酯钠;甘油单乙酸盐、甘油二乙酸盐、甘油三乙酸盐、天然树胶、三醋精、柠檬酸乙酰三丁酯、二乙基草酸盐、二乙基苹果酸盐、二乙基延胡索酸盐、二乙基丙二酸盐、邻苯二甲酸盐二辛基、琥珀酸二丁酯、甘油三丁酸盐、氢化蓖麻油、脂肪酸、取代的甘油三酸酯和甘油酯,等等;和/或它们的混合物。在一个实施方案中,增塑剂是柠檬酸三乙酯。在特定的实施方案中,壳完全不含增塑剂,即含有少于约1%,估计少于约0.01%增塑剂。
用于无溶剂模塑或基于溶剂的模塑制备壳的合适的辅助剂和赋形剂包括二级膜形成剂如虫胶、二级胶凝剂如交链羧甲基纤维素、交链聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、羟基乙酸淀粉钠,等等,和防腐剂,高强度甜味剂如阿斯巴坦、乙酰舒广钾、三氯半乳蔗糖和糖精;香料、抗氧化剂、表面活化剂和着色剂,和本领域熟知的许多例子。
用基于溶剂的模塑制备壳的合适的膜形成剂包括,但不限于膜形成水溶性聚合物、膜形成蛋白、膜形成不溶于水聚合物、和膜形成PH依赖性聚合物。在一个实施方案中,用模塑制备壳或其部分的膜形成剂可选自乙酸纤维素、B型甲基丁烯酸铵共聚物、虫胶、羟丙甲基纤维素、聚环氧乙烷和它们的组合物。
合适的膜形成水溶性聚合物包括包括水溶性乙烯聚合物如聚乙烯乙醇(PVA);水溶性聚碳水化合物如羟丙基淀粉、羟乙基淀粉、支链淀粉、甲乙基淀粉、羧甲基淀粉、预胶质化淀粉、和膜形成改性淀粉;水溶胀纤维素衍生物如羟丙基纤维素(HPC)、羟丙甲基纤维素(HPMC)、甲基纤维素(MC)、羟乙甲基纤维素(HMEC)、羟丁甲基纤维素(HBMC)、羟乙乙基纤维素(HEEC)和羟乙羟丙甲基纤维素(HEMPMC);水溶性共聚物如甲基丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物,聚乙烯乙醇和聚乙烯乙二醇共聚物、聚环氧乙烷和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮共聚物,及它们的衍生物和组合物。
合适的膜形成蛋白可以是天然的或化学修饰的,和包括明胶、乳清蛋白、肌原纤维蛋白、可凝固蛋白质如白蛋白、酪蛋白、酪蛋白酸和酪蛋白分离物、大豆蛋白和大豆蛋白分离物、玉米蛋白,及它们的聚合物衍生物和混合物。
合适的膜形成不溶于水的聚合物包括例如乙基纤维素、聚乙烯乙醇、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚己内酯、乙酸纤维素及其衍生物、丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸共聚物;等等;和它们的衍生物、共聚物和组合物。
合适的膜形成PH依赖性聚合物包括例如肠纤维素衍生物,如邻苯二甲酸羟丙甲基纤维素、琥珀酸乙酸羟丙甲基纤维素、邻苯二甲酸乙酸纤维素;天然树脂如虫胶和玉米蛋白;肠乙酸衍生物例如邻苯二甲酸聚乙烯醋酸、邻苯二甲酸乙酸纤维素、乙醛乙酸二甲基纤维素;和肠丙烯酸衍生物例如基于聚甲基丙烯酸酯的聚合物如由Rohm Phama GmbH以商品名EUDRAGITS提供的聚(甲基丙烯酸,甲基丙烯酸)1∶2,和由Rohm Phama GmbH以商品名EUDRAGITL提供的聚(甲基丙烯酸,甲基丙烯酸甲酯)1∶1,等,及它们的衍生物、盐、共聚物和组合物。
一种用作热塑性膜形成水溶性聚合物的合适的羟丙甲基纤维素化合物是“HPMC2910”,其纤维素醚的置换度约1.9,羟丙基的摩尔置换度为0.23,按照化合物的总重量,该化合物含有约29%到约30%甲氧基团和约7%到12%的羟丙基团。HPMC2910的商品化产品由Dow Chemical公司提供,其商品名METHOCEL E。METHOCELE5是适用于本发明的HPMC2910的一个级别,在20℃,2%的水溶液中用Ubbelohde粘度计确定其粘度约4到6cps(4到6豪帕斯卡秒)。类似地,METHOCEL E6适用于本发明的HPMC2910的另一个级别,在20℃,2%水溶液中用Ubbelohde粘度计确定其粘度约5到7cps(5到7豪帕斯卡秒)。METHOCEL E15是适用于本发明的HPMC2910的另一个级别,在20℃,2%水溶液中用Ubbelohde粘度计确定其粘度约15000cps(15豪帕斯卡秒)。本文中使用的“置换度”指附在无水葡萄糖环上的取代基的平均数目,而“羟丙基的摩尔置换度”指每摩尔无水葡萄糖环上的羟丙基的摩尔数。
一种合适的聚乙烯乙醇和聚乙二醇共聚物是由BASF公司以商品名KOLLICOATIR提供的产品。
本文中使用的“改性淀粉”包括为改进稳定性或优化性能而交联、化学改性的淀粉,或为改进溶解特性或优化性能而物理改性的淀粉。
化学改性的淀粉的例子是本领域熟知的,和通常包括那些用酯基或醚基取代一些羟基的化学处理的淀粉。本文使用的交联是发生在相邻淀粉分子的两个羟基进行化学连接的改性淀粉中。本文中使用的“预胶质化淀粉”或“预配制淀粉”指已经预先浸湿,然后干燥以增加冷水溶解度的改性淀粉。合适的改性淀粉可以从许多供应商购得,例如,A.E.Staley Manufacturing公司,和National Starch &Chemical公司。一种合适的膜形成改性淀粉包括预胶质化的蜡状玉米衍生淀粉,该淀粉购自National Starch & Chemical公司,商品名PURITY GUM和FILMSET,和它的衍生物、共聚物和混合物。这种蜡状玉米淀粉通常包含,基于该淀粉总重量约0%到约18%的直链淀粉和约100%到约82%的支链淀粉。
另一种膜形成改性淀粉包括羟丙基化淀粉,该淀粉中的一些羟基通常通过用氧化丙烯处理,被羟丙基醚化。合适的具有膜形成特性的羟丙基淀粉的例子是由Grain Processing公司以商品名PURE-COTE B790提供。
合适的用作膜形成剂的木薯糊精包括National Starch & Chemical公司以商品名CRYSTAL GUM或K-4484提供的产品,和该物质的衍生物如来源于木薯粉的改性食物淀粉,该淀粉由National Starch & Chemical以商品名PURITY GUM 40提供,及其共聚物和混合物。
在一个较佳实施方案中,壳的制备是使用待批的美国专利申请序列号09/966,939,第27-51页和57-63页所述的模塑方法和设备,本文引入作为参考。壳本身可以包含至少一种活性成分。
在本发明一个较佳实施例中,壳是以流动物质的形式应用到片心上的,该流动物质使用如待批的美国专利申请系列号09/966,497,第27-51页所述的热循环方法和设备制备,本文引入作为参考。在该实施例中,使用具有图3所示的一般外形的热循环成型模件来涂壳。热循环成形模件200包含转子202,围绕转子202安置了许多模具单元204。热循环成型模件包括用于放置壳流动物质的贮主206(见图4)。另外,热循环成型模件配备有快速加热和冷却模具单元的温度控制系统。图55和56显示该温度控制系统600。
较佳的热循环成型模件是待批的美国专利申请系列号09/966,497的图28A所示的包含一系列模具单元204的类型。模具单元204又包含如图28C所示的上模具组合件214、可旋转中心模具组合件212和下模具组合件210。片心被不断转移至模具组合件,然后模具组合件关闭。在贮存器206中加热到流动状态的壳流动物质被注入到由关闭的模具组合件形成的模腔中。然后壳流动物质的温度被降低,硬化。模具组合件打开,且弹出包被的片心。在一个特定实施方案中,包衣是通过两个步骤进行的,片心的每一半分别通过中心模具组合件的旋转进行包衣,如待批的美国专利申请系列号09/966,497的图28B的流程图所示。
在本发明的一个较佳实施方案中,壳完全包围片心。
在本发明的一个特别实施方案中,显示延迟爆发释放曲线的剂型包含至少一种活性成分。“延迟爆发释放曲线”是指剂型中特定活性成分的释放在患者摄入后有一预定时间的延迟,该延迟期(“迟延时间”)后有活性成分的瞬时(即时)释放。本发明中至少一个壳部分提供延迟期,完全没有以延迟爆发形式释放活性成分较佳。在该实施方案中,延迟爆发活性成分通常包含在相应的下面的片心部分内。在这些实施方案中,片心部分可以用压制或模塑制备,和配制用于即时释放,这是本领域已知的,所以在接触溶解介质时片心部分易于溶解。在该实施方案中,片心部分包含崩解剂较佳,任选的是,可包含附加的赋形剂如充填剂或选自水溶性或低熔点物质的热塑性物质,和表面活性剂或湿润剂。在这些实施方案中,在延迟期后爆发释放活性成分的溶出度符合USP对包含活性成分的即时释放片剂的要求。例如,对于对乙酰氨基酚片剂,USP24要求在pH5.8磷酸缓冲液中,使用USP设备2(浆)式以50rpm搅动,在用药后30分钟内,剂型中包含的至少80%的对乙酰氨基酚从中释放,对于布洛芬片剂,USP24要求在pH7.2磷酸缓冲液中,使用USP设备2(浆式)以50rpm搅动,在用药后60分钟内,剂型中包含的至少80%的布洛芬从中释放。见USP 24,2000版本,19-20和856(1999)。
在本发明的另一个特别实施方案中,显示延迟和持续释放曲线的剂型包含至少一种活性成分。“延迟然后持续释放曲线”是指剂型中特定活性成分的释放在患者摄入后有一预定时间的延迟,该延迟期(“迟延时间”)后有活性成分的持续(延长、延续或延迟)释放。本发明中至少一个壳部分提供延迟期,完全没有以延迟然后持续释放形式释放活性成分较佳。在该实施方案中,延迟然后持续释放活性成分优先包含在相应的下面的片心部分内。在该实施方案中,片心部分可起例如侵蚀基质或扩散基质,或渗透泵的作用。在片心部分起扩散基质作用的实施方案中,活性成分通过扩散基质以持续、延续、延长或延迟的形式释放,片心部分优先包含选自不溶性可食物质和孔形成剂的组合物的释放改进赋形剂。另一方面,在片心部分是通过模塑来制备的实施方案中,热可逆性载体可通过溶解和形成活性成分可被释放的孔或通道来起作用。在片心部分起侵蚀基质作用的实施方案中,活性成分以持续、延续、延长或延迟的形式释放,片心部分优先包含选自膨胀性可侵蚀的亲水物质、PH依赖性聚合物和它们的组合物的可压制的或模塑的释放改进赋形剂。
在本发明的另一个较佳的实施方案中,剂型包含可以是相同或不同的第一和第二活性成分,当剂型与液体介质接触时,发生第一活性成分的延迟释放,继以第二活性成分的持续释放。
在本发明的另一个较佳的实施方案中,壳包含第一活性成分,片心包含第二活性成分,(例如,在基质或包衣的或不包衣的微粒或它们的组合物)第一和第二活性成分可以相同或不同,当剂型与液体介质接触时,发生第一活性成分的即时释放,继以第二活性成分的延迟释放。
在本发明的另一个较佳的实施方案中,壳包含第一活性成分,片心包含第二活性成分,(例如,在基质或包衣的或不包衣的微粒或它们的组合物)第一和第二活性成分可以相同或不同,当剂型与液体介质接触时,发生第一活性成分的即时释放,继以第二活性成分的持续释放。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,本发明的片心或基质或壳,无论是以无溶剂模塑加工或以基于溶剂的模塑加工,大体上不含有直径0.5到5.0微米的小孔。本文中使用的“大体上不含”指该壳的一部分或几部分具有在小孔直径范围为0.5到5.0微米时,孔体积小于约0.02cc/g,小于约0.01cc/g较佳,小于约0.005cc/g更佳。相反,在此直径范围中,典型的压制物质的小孔体积大于约0.02cc/g。在本发明的另一个实施方案中,片心是模塑片心,片心或片心部分完全不含有直径0.5到5.0微米的小孔。
小孔体积,小孔直径和密度可用Quantachrome Instruments PoreMaster 60汞侵入孔度计和相关的计算机软件程序称为“Porowin”来测定。该步骤由Quantachrome Instruments PoreMaster操作手册记载。PoreMaster确定固体或粉剂的小孔体积和小孔直径,通过使用非湿性液体(汞)加压侵入,包括抽主样品管(穿透计)中的样品,向舱内注入汞使样品被汞包围,向样品管施用压力,用:(I)压缩空气(最高至50psi);和(ii)水压(油压)压力发生器(最高至60000psi)。通过在施用的压力下汞从样品外面移入小孔中的电容变化来测量挤入体积。挤入中发生的相应的小孔大小直径通过所谓的“Washburn等式”直接计算:d=-(4γ(cosθ))/P,其中γ是液体汞的表面张力,θ是汞与样品表面间的接触角度,P是施用的压力。
用于测量小孔体积的设备:
1.Quantachrome Instruments PoreMaster 60
2.能称0.0001g的分析天平
3.干燥器
用于测量的试剂:
1.高纯度氮
2.三重蒸馏汞
3.高压液体(Dila AX,蒸得自Shell Chemical公司)
4.液氮(用于汞蒸汽冷阱)
5.用于清洗样本管的异丙醇或甲醇
6.用于管清洗的液体清洁剂
7.
步骤:
样品在分析前被密封包装或置于干燥器中。接通真空泵,汞蒸汽冷阱注满液氮,提供的压缩气体调节在55psi,开启设备,预热时间至少30分钟。空的穿透计管按照设备手册的描述安装并记录其重量。该管安装在低压站,从分析菜单上选择“只可排定和充注”,并使用下列设定值:
精细排定时间:1分钟
精细排定率:10
粗排定时间:5分钟
该管(已充注汞)被移出和称重。然后在汞储存器中该管被清空,每个样本的两小片被置于该管内,该管被重新装配。记录该管和样品的重量。该舱被安装在低压站,从菜单中选择低压选项,并设定下列参数:
模式:低压
精细排空率:10
精细排空直到:200μHg
粗排空时间:10分钟
充注压力:接触+0.1
最大压力:50
方向:挤入和挤出
重复:0
汞接触角度:140
汞表面张力;480
然后开始获取数据。关于压力与累计挤入体积的图显示在屏幕上。在低压分析结束后,该管从低压站移出并重新称重。汞以上的空间被充注液压油,该管被安装配和安置在高压腔。使用下列设定值:
模式;固定速率
发动机速度:5
起始压力:20
结束压力:60,000
方向:挤入和挤出
重复:0
油充注长度:5
汞接触角度:140
汞表面张力;480
然后开始获取数据,关于压力与挤入体积的图显示在屏幕上。在高压运行结束后,同一样品的低压和高压数据文件被合并。
本发明将通过下列实施例进一步阐明,这些实施例并不意味着以任何形式限制本发明。
实施例1
本发明的剂型,包含模塑的片心及其上面的壳,制备如下。
模塑片心(实施例1A)用下列成分制备:
片剂 | 商品名 | 制造商 | 重量% | Mg/片 |
盐酸伪麻黄碱晶体 | BASF PharmaChemikalien公司,Ludwigshafen/Rhein | 22.0 | 130 | |
聚乙二醇3350 | Carbowax | Union Carbide公司,Danbury,CT | 45.0 | 267 |
虫胶粉 | 常规漂白的虫胶 | Mantrose-Haeuser公司,Atteboro,MA | 7.0 | 42 |
交联羧甲基纤维素钠 | Ac-Di-Sol | FINE MUSCLE COORDINATION公司,Newark,DE | 26.0 | 154 |
加工步骤:一个烧杯浸没在水温设定为70℃的水浴中(Ret didi-visc;Antal-Direct,Wayne,PA)。聚乙二醇(PEG)3350加入到烧杯中,并用刮刀搅拌直到所有的PEG熔化。虫胶粉用#40孔筛筛选后,加入到熔化的PEG,搅拌混合成分直至所有的粉剂被分散。然后加入交联羧甲基纤维素钠,接着搅拌2分钟。加入盐酸伪麻黄碱晶体,搅拌5分钟。570到610mg熔化的混合物被加到一个圆形、凹的下冲床中,模具单位(直径0.4375英寸)用手工与上冲床连接,以形成模塑的片剂片心。该模塑的片剂片心从模具中弹出。
壳(实施例1B)用下列成分制备:
壳 | 商品名 | 制造商 | 重量% | Mg/片 |
聚乙二醇3350 | Carbowax | Union Carbide公司,Danbury,CT | 45.0 | 849 |
聚环氧乙烷(MW200,00) | PolyoxWSR N-80 | Union Carbide公司,Danbury,CT | 15.0 | 283 |
虫胶粉 | 常规漂白的虫胶 | Mantrose-Haeuser公司,Atteboro,MA | 20.0 | 377 |
交联羧甲基纤维素钠 | Ac-Di-Sol | FMC公司,Newark,DE | 10.0 | 188 |
柠檬酸三丁酯 | Morflex有限公司,Greensboro,NC | 10.0 | 188 |
加工步骤:一个烧杯浸没在水温设定为70℃的水浴中(Ret didi-visc;Antal-Direct,Wayne,PA)。聚乙二醇(PEG)3350加入到烧杯中,并用刮刀搅拌直到所有的PEG熔化。虫胶粉用#40孔筛筛选后,加入到熔化的PEG,搅拌成分直至所有的粉剂被分散。然后将柠檬酸三丁酯加入熔化的PEG混合物,搅拌1分钟。加入聚环氧乙烷(MW200,00),搅拌10分钟。然后加入交联羧甲基纤维素钠,搅拌2分钟。
使用实验室规模的热循环模塑模件将壳以二个部分加到片心上。第一部分模具装配包括能循环到加热阶段在85℃、30秒的腔。流动形式的壳物质(实施例1B)的第一部分被加到腔中。模塑片心(实施例1A)然后被插入腔中。有一半遮挡的片心的空白模具装配被拧入第一模具装配。连接的模具装配被循环到冷却阶段在5℃、6秒以使一半暴露片心上的壳变硬。移开空白模具装配,包被第一壳部分的模塑片心从腔中弹出。
第二部分模具装配包括能循环到加热阶段在85℃、30秒的第二腔。流动形式的壳物质(实施例1B)的第二部分被加到腔中。包含第一壳部分的模塑片心被插入到第二模具装配,以这样的方式即一半无包衣的片心(没有第一壳部分)被插入到第二模腔中。保持在5℃冷却循环的第一部分模具装配被拧入第二模具装配。第二模子装配被循环到冷却阶段在5℃、60秒以使片心上的第二壳部分变硬。第一部分模具装配被移去,剂型,包被第一和第二壳部分的模塑片心(实施例1C)从模具装配中弹出。由于第一和第二壳部分而使剂型的增重被记录下来。
流动形式的壳物质(实施例1B)被加到平面的、0.6875英寸橡胶模具中,有包衣的片心被插入到模具中。加入另外的壳物质来充填模具。圆形的模塑片剂片心在模具中冷却5分钟后被移出模具。由于壳而使核的增重被记录下来。
图2显示了实施例1的剂型和其他剂型的活性成分与时间比较的释放百分比。更特别地,该图显示了本发明的不同壳增重的三个不同样品的溶出速度。曲线(a)显示盐酸伪麻黄碱从本发明的壳增重314%基质中释放的速度。曲线(b)显示盐酸伪麻黄碱从本发明的壳增重118%基质中释放的速度。曲线(c)显示盐酸伪麻黄碱从本发明的壳增重55%基质中释放的速度。所有的曲线都使用以下的溶出度分析获得:
USP 2型设备(桨式,50 RPM)在37℃的0.1N HCL和PH5.6的磷酸缓冲溶液中,在1、2、3、4、8、12、16和20小时测试样品中的盐酸伪麻黄碱。将盐酸伪麻黄碱与每种化合物100%释放的理论浓度制备的标准的对比来分析样品溶出度。样本用HPLC分析,该HPLC装备有Waters717 Autoinjector和Waters486 UV探测器,波长设定在214nm。用55%乙腈和45%18mM磷酸钾缓冲液制备移动相。注射体积是50μL,运行时间约8分钟,泵流量2.0ml/分钟。使用的柱是Zorbax300-SCX(4.6mm×25cm)。
实施例2
本发明的剂型是以连续加工制备的,使用的设备包括由传递装置连接成系列的两个热循环成型模件,如待批的美国专利申请系列号09/966,939,14-16页所述,本文引入作为参考。剂型包括模塑片心及壳。片心包含实施例1A的成分,以实施例1所述的流动形式提供。壳包含实施例1B的成分,以实施例1所述的流动形式提供。
热循环成型模件有待批的美国专利申请系列号09/966,497的图3所示的一般外形,该图显示热循环成型模件200包含转子202,围绕转子202安置了许多模具单元204。每个热循环成形舱包括它自己的分别用于放置片心流动物质和壳流动物质的贮主206(见待批的美国专利申请系列号09/966,497的图4)。另外,每个热循环成型模件配备有快速加热和冷却模具单元的温度控制系统。待批的美国专利申请系列号09/966,497的图55和56显示温度控制系统600。
片心在第一热循环成型模件中制备,该模件由传递装置连接到第二热循环成型模件。第一热循环成型模件有如待批的美国专利申请系列号09/966,497的图26A所示的特殊外形。第一热循环成型模件包含如图26C所示的中心模具组合件212和上模具组合件214,二者相配以形成有片心形状的模腔。当转子202旋转时,相对的中心和上模具组合件关闭。片心流动物质,在贮主206中被加热到流动状态,被注入到所得模腔中。然后片心流动物质的温度被降低,使片心流动物质硬化成片心。模具组合件打开,弹出片心,被传递装置接收。
传递装置的结构如待批的美国专利申请系列号09/966,414的图3的300显示和51-57页所述,本文引入作为参考。传递装置包含许多以悬臂形式连接到带子312上的传递单元304,如待批的美国专利申请系列号09/966,414的图68和69所示。传递装置与相连接的热循环成型模件同步旋转和运行。传递单元304包含固定器330,该固定器用以放置围绕传递装置移动的片心。
传递装置将片心传递到第二热循环成型模件,该模件将壳涂到片心上。第二热循环成型模件是待批的美国专利申请系列号09/966,497的图28A所示的类型。第二热循环成型模件的模具单元204包含如图28C所示的上模具组合件214、旋转中心模具组合件212和下模具组合件210。片心被连续传递到模具组合件,然后该模具组合件封盖片心。壳物质,在贮主206中加热到流动状态,被注入到由关闭的模具组合件形成的模腔中。然后壳流动物质的温度被降低,硬化。模具组合件打开,弹出包衣的片心。包衣是通过两个步骤进行的,片心的每一半分别通过中心模具组合件的旋转进行包衣,如美国专利申请系列号09/966,939的图28B的流程图所示。
虽然本发明通过特定的实施方案来阐明,本领域的熟练技术人员显然知道进行的多种改变和改进无疑地属于本发明的范围内。
Claims (49)
1.一种剂型,其特征在于,所述剂型包括:
a)至少一种活性成分;
b)一种在室温下是固体的模塑片心;
c)与至少部分模塑片心接触的壳,其中,当所述剂型与液体介质接触时该剂型提供活性成分的改进的释放。
2.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其特征在于,模塑片心包括分散在模制基质中的一种或多种活性成分。
3.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其特征在于,当剂型与液体介质接触时,壳能提供至少一种活性成分的改进的释放。
4.如权利要求3所述的剂型,其特征在于,当剂型与液体介质接触时,在至少一种活性成分释放前,壳能提供时间延迟。
5.如权利要求4所述的剂型,其特征在于,该时间延迟不依赖于液体介质的PH。
6.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其特征在于,当剂型与液体介质接触时,壳包含能提供至少一种活性成分的改进的释放的方法。
7.如权利要求3所述的剂型,其特征在于,当剂型与液体介质接触时,壳包含能提供以持续方式释放至少一种活性成分的方法。
8.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其特征在于,壳包含至少占重量约30%的热可逆性载体。
9.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其特征在于,壳包含至少一种活性成分。
10.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其特征在于,片心包含模制基质。
11.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其特征在于,片心包含至少一种活性成分。
12.如权利要求11所述的剂型,其特征在于,当剂型与液体介质接触时,片心能提供至少一种活性成分的改进的释放。
13.如权利要求11所述的剂型,其特征在于,当剂型与液体介质接触时,片心包含提供至少一种活性成分的改进释放的方法。
14.如权利要求11所述的剂型,其特征在于,片心包含一种或多种释放改进赋形剂。
15.如权利要求14所述的剂型,其特征在于,释放改进赋形剂选自膨胀性可侵蚀的亲水物质、PH依赖性聚合物、不溶性可食用物质和孔形成剂,及它们的衍生物、共聚物和组合物。
16.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其特征在于,片心包含至少30%的热可逆性载体。
17.如权利要求16所述的剂型,其特征在于,热可逆性载体选自聚乙二醇、热塑性聚环氧乙烷、虫胶和它们的衍生物、共聚物和组合物。
18.如权利要求16所述的剂型,其特征在于,热可逆性载体的熔化点约20℃到约110℃。
19.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其特征在于,片心包含许多有至少一种活性成分的微粒。
20.如权利要求19所述的剂型,其特征在于,至少一部分微粒有包衣,当包衣微粒与液体介质接触时,该包衣能提供所包含的活性成分的改进的释放。
21.如权利要求19所述的剂型,其特征在于,至少一部分微粒有包衣,当包衣微粒与液体介质接触时,该包衣能提供所包含的活性成分的改进释放的方法。
22.如权利要求19所述的剂型,其特征在于,至少一部分微粒有包衣,该包衣包含10-100wt.%的释放改进聚合物,该释放改进聚合物选自PH依赖性聚合物、水溶性聚合物、不溶于水的聚合物,和它们的共聚物和衍生物及混合物。
23.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其特征在于,当剂型与液体介质接触时,在至少一部分活性成分释放前,有时间延迟。
24.如权利要求23所述的剂型,其特征在于,在时间延迟后释放的活性成分部分是以持续方式释放的。
25.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其特征在于,剂型包含相同或不同的第一和第二活性成分,当剂型与液体介质接触时,第一活性成分是以持续方式释放的,在第二活性成分释放前有时间延迟。
26.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其特征在于,壳包含第一活性成分,核包含第二活性成分,第一和第二活性成分可以相同或不同,当剂型与液体介质接触时,第一活性成分即时释放,接着有时间延迟,继以第二活性成分释放。
27.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其特征在于,壳包含第一活性成分,片心包含第二活性成分,第一和第二活性成分可以相同或不同,当剂型与液体介质接触时,第一活性成分即时释放,继以第二活性成分持续释放。
28.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其特征在于,壳包含第一活性成分,片心包含第二活性成分,第一和第二活性成分可以相同或不同,当剂型与液体介质接触时,第一活性成分即时释放,继以第二活性成分延迟释放。
29.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其特征在于,壳包含第一活性成分,片心包含有第二活性成分的微粒,第一和第二活性成分可以相同或不同,当剂型与液体介质接触时,第一活性成分即时释放,继以第二活性成分持续释放。
30.如权利要求2所述的剂型,其特征在于,活性成分的水平至少是片心重量的约25%。
31.如权利要求2所述的剂型,其特征在于,模制基质包含热可逆性载体,该热可逆性载体的熔化点约20℃到约100℃。
32.如权利要求2所述的剂型,其特征在于,模制基质包含热可逆性载体,该热可逆性载体选自热塑性聚亚烷氧化物、低熔化疏水物质、热塑性聚合物、热塑性淀粉和它们的组合物。
33.如权利要求2所述的剂型,其特征在于,模制基质包含低熔化热可逆性载体,该热可逆性载体选自聚己内酯、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚二醇和它们的组合物,该热可逆性载体的水平占该基质重量的约30%到约70%。
34.如权利要求2所述的剂型,其特征在于,模制基质包含低熔化热可逆性载体,该热可逆性载体选自聚乙二醇或聚环氧乙烷,该热可逆性载体的水平占该基质重量的约10%到约100%。
35.如权利要求33所述的剂型,其特征在于,模制基质还包含约15%到约25%的热塑性聚环氧乙烷。
36.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其特征在于,壳的厚度约300微米到约2000微米。
37.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其特征在于,壳的厚度约150微米到约400微米。
38.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其特征在于,壳的重量是片心重量的约50%到约400%。
39.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其特征在于,壳的重量是片心重量的约20%到约100%。
40.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其特征在于,片心大体上没有直径0.5微米到5.0微米的孔。
41.如权利要求32或33所述的剂型,其特征在于,热可逆性载体是分子量约100到约8000道尔顿的聚乙二醇。
42.如权利要求2所述的剂型,其特征在于,模制基质包含释放改进赋形剂。
43.如权利要求42所述的剂型,其特征在于,释放改进聚合物是虫胶。
44.如权利要求42所述的剂型,其特征在于,释放改进赋形剂是交联羧甲基纤维素钠。
45.如权利要求2所述的剂型,其特征在于,还包括作为增塑剂的柠檬酸三丁酯。
46.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其特征在于,壳包括膜形成剂,该膜形成剂选自乙酸纤维素、B型甲基丁烯酸铵共聚物、虫胶、羟丙甲基纤维素、聚环氧乙烷和它们的组合物。
47.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其特征在于,壳包括选自膨胀性可侵蚀的亲水物质的释放改进赋形剂。
48.如权利要求47所述的剂型,其特征在于,释放改进赋形剂是交联羧甲基纤维素钠。
49.如权利要求1所述的剂型,其特征在于,壳包括作为增塑剂的柠檬酸三乙酯。
Applications Claiming Priority (10)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US09/966,939 | 2001-09-28 | ||
US09/967,414 US6742646B2 (en) | 2001-09-28 | 2001-09-28 | Systems, methods and apparatuses for manufacturing dosage forms |
US09/966,450 US6982094B2 (en) | 2001-09-28 | 2001-09-28 | Systems, methods and apparatuses for manufacturing dosage forms |
US09/966,509 | 2001-09-28 | ||
US09/966,509 US6767200B2 (en) | 2001-09-28 | 2001-09-28 | Systems, methods and apparatuses for manufacturing dosage forms |
US09/966,497 | 2001-09-28 | ||
US09/967,414 | 2001-09-28 | ||
US09/966,497 US7122143B2 (en) | 2001-09-28 | 2001-09-28 | Methods for manufacturing dosage forms |
US09/966,450 | 2001-09-28 | ||
US09/966,939 US6837696B2 (en) | 2001-09-28 | 2001-09-28 | Apparatus for manufacturing dosage forms |
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CNA028236416A Pending CN1596104A (zh) | 2001-09-28 | 2002-09-28 | 改进的释放剂型 |
CNB028233727A Expired - Fee Related CN100364515C (zh) | 2001-09-28 | 2002-09-28 | 具有不同形状内核和外壳的剂型 |
CNA028233476A Pending CN1592610A (zh) | 2001-09-28 | 2002-09-28 | 改良的释放剂型 |
CNA028233441A Pending CN1592611A (zh) | 2001-09-28 | 2002-09-28 | 改良释放的剂型 |
CNA028235401A Pending CN1596102A (zh) | 2001-09-28 | 2002-09-28 | 调节释放剂型 |
CNA028236386A Pending CN1596100A (zh) | 2001-09-28 | 2002-09-28 | 可食用组合物及含可食用外壳的制剂 |
CNA028233549A Pending CN1592612A (zh) | 2001-09-28 | 2002-09-28 | 有内核和外壳的剂型 |
CNA028233611A Pending CN1638740A (zh) | 2001-09-28 | 2002-09-28 | 释出得到修饰的剂型 |
CNB028234308A Expired - Fee Related CN100408029C (zh) | 2001-09-28 | 2002-09-28 | 有镶嵌部分的组合剂型 |
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CNB028233727A Expired - Fee Related CN100364515C (zh) | 2001-09-28 | 2002-09-28 | 具有不同形状内核和外壳的剂型 |
CNA028233476A Pending CN1592610A (zh) | 2001-09-28 | 2002-09-28 | 改良的释放剂型 |
CNA028233441A Pending CN1592611A (zh) | 2001-09-28 | 2002-09-28 | 改良释放的剂型 |
CNA028235401A Pending CN1596102A (zh) | 2001-09-28 | 2002-09-28 | 调节释放剂型 |
CNA028236386A Pending CN1596100A (zh) | 2001-09-28 | 2002-09-28 | 可食用组合物及含可食用外壳的制剂 |
CNA028233549A Pending CN1592612A (zh) | 2001-09-28 | 2002-09-28 | 有内核和外壳的剂型 |
CNA028233611A Pending CN1638740A (zh) | 2001-09-28 | 2002-09-28 | 释出得到修饰的剂型 |
CNB028234308A Expired - Fee Related CN100408029C (zh) | 2001-09-28 | 2002-09-28 | 有镶嵌部分的组合剂型 |
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- 2002-09-28 CN CNA028236416A patent/CN1596104A/zh active Pending
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2003
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2004
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- 2004-04-28 CO CO04038884A patent/CO5570655A2/es unknown
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2005
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2008
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2009
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