CN113783637B - Radio astronomical signal receiving device with separated sidebands - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a radio astronomical signal receiving device with a sideband separation framework, which comprises a feed source, an amplifier, an electric bridge, a first intermediate frequency mixer, a second intermediate frequency mixer, a first intermediate frequency amplifier, a second intermediate frequency amplifier, a first intermediate frequency filter, a local oscillator, a first intermediate frequency analog-to-digital converter, a second intermediate frequency analog-to-digital converter and a digital signal processing unit based on an FPGA, wherein radio astronomical signals are converged to the feed source through the radio astronomical telescope and are divided into two orthogonal signals through the amplifier and the electric bridge, and the two orthogonal signals are respectively output into an upper sideband signal and a lower sideband signal through the intermediate frequency mixer, the intermediate frequency amplifier and the intermediate frequency filter, and then through the analog-to-digital converter and the signal processing unit based on the FPGA. The device compensates unbalance of the phase and amplitude of the analog circuit part through the calibration of the signal processing unit based on the FPGA, improves the sideband suppression rate of the signal receiving device, and optimizes the performance of the receiving device. The method can solve the defects of low sideband suppression rate, complexity and huge faced by the traditional receiver system of the analog sideband separation architecture.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a sideband separated radio astronomical signal receiving device, which is specially used in the field of radio astronomical.
Background
Improving the sensitivity of radio telescope has been the focus and hot spot of research in the field of radio astronomy. The signal receiving device is an important component of the radio telescope, and its performance is an important factor affecting its sensitivity. The preferred architecture of the radioastronomical heterodyne receiver is a sideband split architecture as opposed to a single sideband and double sideband architecture configuration. Sideband-separated receivers are well suited for complex astronomical observations over a wide frequency range, and therefore they are widely used in the field of radioastronomical observations. Their main advantages over double sideband receivers are the avoidance of spectrum aliasing and the ability to reduce system temperature. With the development of the related art, the noise temperature index of the low-temperature heterodyne receiver is approaching the basic limit rapidly, but one of the important indexes, namely, the sideband suppression rate, still has room for improvement. Because it is extremely difficult to keep the amplitude and phase imbalance low at large radio and intermediate frequency bandwidths, the traditional simulation method can only achieve low sideband suppression ratio, which can not meet the requirement of astronomical observation.
In addition, the wideband and ultra wideband receivers need to be subjected to multiple frequency mixing tuning to obtain signals with expected observation frequencies, and each frequency conversion needs to be subjected to filtering amplification to eliminate signal aliasing and level compensation, so that the receivers are huge and complex. In a receiver device with a sideband separation architecture implemented in a traditional analog manner, a bridge is connected after mixing to separate upper and lower sideband signals. The invention designs a radio astronomical signal receiving device with separated sidebands, which realizes the separation of upper and lower sideband signals by compensating and calibrating the unbalance of the phase and the amplitude generated by a front-end analog circuit in a digital domain. Meanwhile, the design reduces the use of hardware devices of a front-end analog circuit part in the device by realizing the separation of upper and lower sidebands in a digital domain, and has very important significance for reducing the volumes of the multi-beam and phased array feed source receivers.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a radio astronomical signal receiving device with separated sidebands, which comprises a feed source, an amplifier, an electric bridge, a first intermediate frequency mixer, a second intermediate frequency mixer, a first intermediate frequency amplifier, a second intermediate frequency amplifier, a first intermediate frequency filter, a second intermediate frequency filter, a local oscillator, a first intermediate frequency analog-to-digital converter and a second intermediate frequency analog-to-digital converter, wherein the radio astronomical signal is converged to the feed source through a digital signal processing unit based on an FPGA, is divided into two orthogonal paths of signals through the amplifier and the electric bridge, and the two paths of signals are subjected to primary frequency mixing, amplification and filtering respectively and then are subjected to an analog-to-digital converter and a digital signal processing unit based on the FPGA to output two paths of signals with separated upper sidebands and lower sidebands. The device compensates unbalance of the phase and amplitude of the analog circuit part through the calibration of the signal processing unit based on the FPGA, improves the sideband suppression rate of the signal receiving device, and optimizes the performance of the receiving device. The system can solve the defects of low sideband suppression rate, complex and huge system faced by the traditional receiver system with the analog sideband separation architecture.
The invention relates to a sideband separated radio astronomical signal receiving device, which consists of a feed source, a radio frequency filter, a radio frequency amplifier, an electric bridge, a first intermediate frequency mixer, a second intermediate frequency mixer, a first intermediate frequency amplifier, a second intermediate frequency amplifier, a first intermediate frequency filter, a second intermediate frequency filter, a local oscillator, a power divider, a first analog-to-digital converter, a second analog-to-digital converter and a digital signal processing unit based on FPGA, wherein the feed source (1), the radio frequency filter (2), the radio frequency amplifier (3) and the electric bridge (4) are sequentially connected in series, a first output end of the electric bridge (4) is connected with an input end of the first intermediate frequency mixer (5), and a second output end of the electric bridge (4) is connected with an input end of the second intermediate frequency mixer (51); the output end of the first intermediate frequency mixer (5) is sequentially connected with the input ends of the first intermediate frequency amplifier (6), the first intermediate frequency filter (7) and the first analog-to-digital converter (8) in series and is connected with the signal processing unit (9) based on the FPGA; the output end of the second intermediate frequency mixer (51) is sequentially connected with the input ends of the second intermediate frequency amplifier (61), the second intermediate frequency filter (71) and the second analog-to-digital converter (81) in series and is connected with the signal processing unit (9) based on the FPGA; the input end of the harmonic suppression power divider (10) is connected with the local oscillator (11), the first output end of the harmonic suppression power divider (10) is connected with the comparison signal input end of the first intermediate frequency mixer (5), and the second output end of the harmonic suppression power divider (10) is connected with the comparison signal input end of the second intermediate frequency mixer (51); the signal processing unit (9) based on the FPGA comprises a first multi-term filtering module (12), a second multi-term filtering module (121), a memory (13) and a calibration processing module (14), wherein the first multi-term filtering module (12) and the second multi-term filtering module (121) are respectively formed by an FIR filter and FFT conversion; the specific operation is carried out according to the following steps:
a. radio astronomical signals are converged by a telescope and then enter a feed source (1), and then are divided into two paths of orthogonal signals after passing through a radio frequency filter (2), a radio frequency amplifier (3) and an electric bridge (4);
b. d, respectively carrying out frequency reduction on the two paths of orthogonal signals in the step a through a first frequency mixer (5) and a second frequency mixer (51) to obtain two paths of orthogonal intermediate frequency signals;
c. b, respectively passing the two paths of orthogonal intermediate frequency signals in the step b through a first intermediate frequency amplifier (6), a second intermediate frequency amplifier (61), a first intermediate frequency filter (7) and a second intermediate frequency filter (71), and then entering a first analog-to-digital converter (8) and a second analog-to-digital converter (81) to be converted into two paths of orthogonal digital signals;
d. and c, processing the two paths of orthogonal digital signals in the step (c) through a signal processing unit (9) based on an FPGA, respectively dividing the two paths of orthogonal digital signals into n frequency channel signals by a first multi-phase filtering module (12) and a second multi-phase filtering module (121) in the signal processing unit (9) based on the FPGA, performing fast Fourier transform, and performing amplitude and phase calibration processing on the multi-channel signals subjected to the fast Fourier transform by a calibration processing module (14), and respectively calculating an upper sideband signal and a lower sideband signal with separated output sidebands.
In the step d, the calibration processing module (14) reads the calibration coefficients of each frequency channel in the memory module (13) and respectively performs calibration calculation on the corresponding channel signals to obtain calibrated multi-channel signals;
the calibration coefficient is that test signals of n frequency channels are injected into the input end of the radio frequency filter (2) in sequence in advance, after the test signals are processed by the first multi-term filtering module (12) and the second multi-term filtering module (121), signal complex values of two paths of orthogonal signals in each frequency channel are obtained, and then the calibration coefficient of each frequency channel is obtained through calculation, and a calibration coefficient file is generated.
The invention relates to a sideband separated radio astronomical signal receiving device, wherein a signal processing unit (9) based on an FPGA (field programmable gate array) comprises a first multiphase filter module (12), a second multiphase filter module (121), a memory module (13) and a calibration processing module (14), and the processing process steps are as follows:
the first multiphase filter module (12) and the second multiphase filter module (121) divide two paths of orthogonal signals from the first analog-to-digital converter (8) and the second analog-to-digital converter (81) into n frequency channel signals respectively, and output complex number X through fast Fourier transform 1 (i) And X 2 (i) Wherein i=0, 1,2, n-1;
the calibration processing module (14) reads the calibration coefficients C of the n frequency channels from the memory (13) 1 (i)，C 2 (i)，C 3 (i) And C 4 (i) And outputs the separated upper and lower sideband signal data via a calculated calibration, respectively: upper sideband signal data = X 1 (i)c 1 (i)+X 2 (i)C 2 (i) Lower sideband signal data = X 1 (i)C 3 (i)+X 2 (i)C 4 (i)；
And (3) obtaining the calibration coefficients: the method comprises the steps that test signals of n frequency channels are sequentially injected into the input end of a radio frequency filter (2) of a radio astronomical signal receiving device of the sideband separation architecture; the signal complex value X of two orthogonal signals in each frequency channel is obtained at the output ends of the first multiple filter (12) and the second multiple filter (121) 1 (i)＝A 1 (i)+jB 1 (i) And X 2 (i)＝A 2 (i)+jB 2 (i) Where i=0, 1,2,..n-1, calculated by the following formula，
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the remarkable advantages that: the side band rejection ratio of the signal receiving apparatus is greatly improved by compensating for the imbalance of amplitude and phase generated by the front-end analog circuit section in the digital domain, and at the same time, the design size of the receiving apparatus can be reduced due to the reduction of the use of the front-end analog section devices.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the signal processing unit based on the FPGA of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention relates to a sideband separated radio astronomical signal receiving device, which consists of a feed source, a radio frequency filter, a radio frequency amplifier, an electric bridge, a first intermediate frequency mixer, a second intermediate frequency mixer, a first intermediate frequency amplifier, a second intermediate frequency amplifier, a first intermediate frequency filter, a second intermediate frequency filter, a local oscillator, a power divider, a first analog-to-digital converter, a second analog-to-digital converter and a digital signal processing unit based on FPGA, wherein the feed source 1, the radio frequency filter 2, the radio frequency amplifier 3 and the electric bridge 4 are sequentially connected in series, a first output end of the electric bridge 4 is connected with an input end of the first intermediate frequency mixer 5, and a second output end of the electric bridge 4 is connected with an input end of the second intermediate frequency mixer 51; the output end of the first intermediate frequency mixer 5 is sequentially connected with the input ends of the intermediate first intermediate frequency amplifier 6, the first intermediate frequency filter 7 and the first analog-to-digital converter 8 in series and is connected with the signal processing unit 9 based on the FPGA; the output end of the second intermediate frequency mixer 51 is connected with the input ends of the second intermediate frequency amplifier 61, the second intermediate frequency filter 71 and the second analog-to-digital converter 81 in series in sequence, and is connected with the signal processing unit 9 based on the FPGA; the input end of the harmonic suppression power divider 10 is connected with the local oscillator 11, the first output end of the harmonic suppression power divider 10 is connected with the comparison signal input end of the first intermediate frequency mixer 5, and the second output end of the harmonic suppression power divider 10 is connected with the comparison signal input end of the second intermediate frequency mixer 51; the signal processing unit 9 based on the FPGA comprises a first multi-term filtering module 12, a second multi-term filtering module 121, a memory 13 and a calibration processing module 14, wherein the first multi-term filtering module 12 and the second multi-term filtering module 121 are respectively formed by an FIR filter and an FFT; the specific operation is carried out according to the following steps:
a. radio astronomical signals are converged by a telescope and then enter a feed source 1, and then are divided into two paths of orthogonal signals after passing through a radio frequency filter 2, a radio frequency amplifier 3 and an electric bridge 4;
b. the two paths of orthogonal signals in the step a are respectively subjected to frequency reduction into two paths of orthogonal intermediate frequency signals through a first frequency mixer 5 and a second frequency mixer 51;
c. the two paths of orthogonal intermediate frequency signals in the step b are respectively converted into two paths of orthogonal digital signals by a first intermediate frequency amplifier 6, a second intermediate frequency amplifier 61, a first intermediate frequency filter 7 and a second intermediate frequency filter 71 and then enter a first analog-to-digital converter 8 and a second analog-to-digital converter 81;
d. the two orthogonal digital signals in the step c are processed by an FPGA-based signal processing unit 9, a first multi-phase filtering module 12 and a second multi-phase filtering module 121 in the FPGA-based signal processing unit 9 divide the two orthogonal signals from a first analog-to-digital converter 8 and a second analog-to-digital converter 81 into n frequency channel signals respectively, fast Fourier transform is carried out, a calibration processing module 14 carries out amplitude and phase calibration processing on the multi-channel signals after the fast Fourier transform, and an upper sideband signal and a lower sideband signal with separated sidebands are output through calculation and calibration respectively;
in step d, the calibration processing module 14 reads the calibration coefficients of each frequency channel in the memory module 13, and performs calibration calculation on the corresponding channel signals to obtain calibrated multi-channel signals;
the calibration coefficients are the signal complex values of two paths of orthogonal signals in each frequency channel, which are obtained by sequentially injecting test signals of n frequency channels into the input end of the radio frequency filter 2 in advance, processing the test signals by the first multi-term filtering module 12 and the second multi-term filtering module 121, and calculating the calibration coefficients of each frequency channel;
as shown in fig. 1, radio astronomical signals are converged by a telescope and then enter a feed source 1, and are divided into two paths of orthogonal signals after passing through a radio frequency filter 2, a radio frequency amplifier 3 and a bridge 4;
the two paths of orthogonal signals are respectively subjected to frequency reduction into two paths of orthogonal intermediate frequency signals through a first intermediate frequency mixer 5 and a second intermediate frequency mixer 51;
the two paths of orthogonal intermediate frequency signals respectively pass through a first intermediate frequency amplifier 6 and a second intermediate frequency amplifier 61, a first intermediate frequency filter 7 and a second intermediate frequency amplifier 71, and then enter a first analog-to-digital converter 8 and a second analog-to-digital converter 81 to be converted into two paths of orthogonal digital signals;
the two orthogonal digital signals are processed by an FPGA-based signal processing unit 9, a first multi-phase filtering module 12 and a second multi-phase filtering module 121 in the FPGA-based signal processing unit 9 divide the two orthogonal signals from a first analog-to-digital converter 8 and a second analog-to-digital converter 81 into n frequency channel signals respectively, fast Fourier transform is carried out, a calibration processing module 14 carries out amplitude and phase calibration processing on the multi-channel signals after the fast Fourier transform, and an upper sideband signal and a lower sideband signal with separated sidebands are output through calculation and calibration respectively;
referring to fig. 2, the FPGA-based signal processing unit 9 includes a first polyphase filtering module 12, a second polyphase filtering module 121, a memory module 13, and a calibration processing module 14; the first polyphase filtering module 12 and the second polyphase filtering module 121 are respectively composed of an FIR filter and an FFT, and the FIR filter divides two paths of orthogonal signals from the analog-to-digital converter into n channels respectively; the complex signals of each channel signal of the two orthogonal signals after FFT conversion are respectively used with X 1 (i) And X 2 (i) Represents, wherein i=0, 1,2, n-1; the calibration processing module 14 reads the calibration coefficients of the frequency channels in the memory 13 for the complex signal X 1 (i) And X 2 (i) Performing calculation calibration processing, wherein the calculation formulas are shown as formulas (1) and (2):
upper sideband channel signals = X 1 (i)×C 1 (i)+X 2 (i)×C 2 (i) (1)
Lower sideband channel signals = X 1 (i)×C 3 (i)+X 2 (i)×C 4 (i) (2)
The acquisition of calibration coefficients requires the sequential injection of test signals of n frequency channels at the input end of the rf filter 2 shown in fig. 1; the complex value X of the two orthogonal signals on each frequency channel is obtained at the output ends of the first and second multiple filtering modules 12 and 121 1 (i)＝A 1 (i)+jB 1 (i) And X 2 (i)＝A 2 (i)+jB 2 (i) I=0, 1,2, n-1; calculating by formulas (3) and (4) to obtain a calibration coefficient C 1 (i)，C 2 (i)，C 3 (i) And C 4 (i)：
Wherein C is 1 (i)＝C 4 (i)＝1+0j，
When the frequency and power of the local oscillator 11 of the receiving device change, new calibration coefficients need to be retrieved.
While the foregoing is directed to embodiments of the present invention, other and further details of the invention may be had by the present invention, it should be understood that the foregoing description is merely illustrative of the present invention and that no limitations are intended to the scope of the invention, except insofar as modifications, equivalents, improvements or modifications are within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (3)
1. The radio astronomical signal receiving device with separated sidebands is characterized by comprising a feed source, a radio frequency filter, a radio frequency amplifier, an electric bridge, a first intermediate frequency mixer, a second intermediate frequency mixer, a first intermediate frequency amplifier, a second intermediate frequency amplifier, a first intermediate frequency filter, a second intermediate frequency filter, a local oscillator, a power divider, a first analog-to-digital converter, a second analog-to-digital converter and a digital signal processing unit based on FPGA, wherein the feed source (1), the radio frequency filter (2), the radio frequency amplifier (3) and the electric bridge (4) are sequentially connected in series, a first output end of the electric bridge (4) is connected with an input end of the first intermediate frequency mixer (5), and a second output end of the electric bridge (4) is connected with an input end of the second intermediate frequency mixer (51); the output end of the first intermediate frequency mixer (5) is sequentially connected with the input ends of the first intermediate frequency amplifier (6), the first intermediate frequency filter (7) and the first analog-to-digital converter (8) in series and is connected with the signal processing unit (9) based on the FPGA; the output end of the second intermediate frequency mixer (51) is sequentially connected with the input ends of the second intermediate frequency amplifier (61), the second intermediate frequency filter (71) and the second analog-to-digital converter (81) in series and is connected with the signal processing unit (9) based on the FPGA; the input end of the harmonic suppression power divider (10) is connected with the local oscillator (11), the first output end of the harmonic suppression power divider (10) is connected with the comparison signal input end of the first intermediate frequency mixer (5), and the second output end of the harmonic suppression power divider (10) is connected with the comparison signal input end of the second intermediate frequency mixer (51); the signal processing unit (9) based on the FPGA comprises a first multi-term filtering module (12), a second multi-term filtering module (121), a memory (13) and a calibration processing module (14), wherein the first multi-term filtering module (12) and the second multi-term filtering module (121) are respectively formed by an FIR filter and FFT conversion; the specific operation is carried out according to the following steps:
a. radio astronomical signals are converged by a telescope and then enter a feed source (1), and then are divided into two paths of orthogonal signals after passing through a radio frequency filter (2), a radio frequency amplifier (3) and an electric bridge (4);
b. d, respectively carrying out frequency reduction on the two paths of orthogonal signals in the step a through a first frequency mixer (5) and a second frequency mixer (51) to obtain two paths of orthogonal intermediate frequency signals;
c. b, respectively passing the two paths of orthogonal intermediate frequency signals in the step b through a first intermediate frequency amplifier (6), a second intermediate frequency amplifier (61), a first intermediate frequency filter (7) and a second intermediate frequency filter (71), and then entering a first analog-to-digital converter (8) and a second analog-to-digital converter (81) to be converted into two paths of orthogonal digital signals;
d. and c, processing the two paths of orthogonal digital signals in the step (c) through a signal processing unit (9) based on an FPGA, respectively dividing the two paths of orthogonal digital signals into n frequency channel signals by a first multi-phase filtering module (12) and a second multi-phase filtering module (121) in the signal processing unit (9) based on the FPGA, performing fast Fourier transform, and performing amplitude and phase calibration processing on the multi-channel signals subjected to the fast Fourier transform by a calibration processing module (14), and respectively calculating an upper sideband signal and a lower sideband signal with separated output sidebands.
2. The radioastronomical signal receiving device according to claim 1, wherein in step d, the calibration processing module (14) reads the calibration coefficients of each frequency channel in the memory module (13) and performs a calibration calculation on the corresponding channel signals to obtain calibrated multi-channel signals.
3. The radio astronomical signal receiving device according to claim 2, characterized in that the calibration coefficient is a signal complex value of two orthogonal signals in each frequency channel obtained after the test signals of n frequency channels are sequentially injected into the input end of the radio frequency filter (2) in advance and processed by the first multi-term filtering module (12) and the second multi-term filtering module (121), and the calibration coefficient of each frequency channel is obtained by calculation, and a calibration coefficient file is generated.
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