CN113773135A - 一种表面固定化腐植酸的碳酸钙类固体化合物 - Google Patents
一种表面固定化腐植酸的碳酸钙类固体化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract
本发明目的在于提供一种表面固定化腐植酸的碳酸钙类固体化合物,是将碳酸钙类材料进行粉碎,然后进行脱水、干燥;将干燥好的碳酸钙类固体材料与活化剂混合进行活化;其中活化剂占碳酸钙类固体材料的质量比例为0.5%‑20%之间,通过活化反应将活化剂均匀覆盖到碳酸钙类固体表面,将活化处理的碳酸钙类固体材料与腐植酸、引发剂进行配料,在温度30‑70℃下进行反应,使腐殖酸固定在碳酸钙类固体材料的表面。本发明将碳酸钙类固体材料进行活化后,使其对腐植酸类化合物进行固定化处理。固定化腐植酸是集合了碳酸钙类材料和腐植酸两者利用的优势,并且固定后的腐植酸不容易脱落流失、可多次循环利用,充分增强了碳酸钙类材料的应用功能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于碳酸钙类固体化合物技术领域,具体涉及一种表面固定化腐植酸的碳酸钙类固体化合物及其应用。
背景技术
碳酸钙(CaCO)是一种无机化合物,俗称灰石、石灰石、石粉、大理石等,是地球上常见物质之一,存在于霰石、方解石、白垩、石灰岩、大理石、石灰华等岩石内,亦为动物骨骼或外壳的主要成分。碳酸钙用途极广,下游应用十分广泛,其主要应用于造纸、塑料、涂料、动物饲料、橡胶等领域。从下游应用占比来看,碳酸钙在造纸和塑料领域应用较多,各占据了下游应用市场的1/3左右的份额。但目前仍有较多的碳酸钙类固体废弃物没有得到充分的利用,比如海产品外壳类高值化利用效率低、在某些塑料、建材等领域与其他的天然矿物相比没有明显的成本优势等等。这些问题都迫切需要开拓关于碳酸钙高值化利用的新途径、新方法。
碳酸钙固体应用的方式多种多样,但由于本身的特性限制,大部分情况下都需要进行表面改性,以达到广泛使用或者高值化利用的目的。碳酸钙的表面改性方法主要是化学包覆,使用的表面改性剂包括硬脂酸(盐),钛酸酯偶联剂,铝酸酯偶联剂等。例如可以用偶联剂对碳酸钙进行表面改性,即利用偶联剂一端的基团与碳酸钙的表面反应,形成强有力的化学键合。但偶联剂需要在干燥无水的状态下使用,且某些偶联剂需要特种的溶剂分布,这在一定程度上限制了使用范围。而某些湿法改性又掺杂了大量的额外溶剂,无疑提高了成本。
腐植酸是自然界中广泛存在的大分子有机物质,广泛应用于农、林、牧、石油、化工、建材、医药卫生、环保等各个领域。尤其是现在提倡生态农业建设、无公害农业生产、绿色食品、无污染环保等,更使"腐植酸"备受推崇。事实证明,人类的生活和生存离不开腐植酸。腐植酸中含有许多以氧为主要元素的活性基团如羧基、甲氧基、醇羟基、酚羟基、醌基等。但活性基团的存在也决定了腐植酸的利用环境往往受到非目标性因素的影响,例如希望利用腐植酸本身的离子交换功能,但同时受到某些金属离子的胁迫产生络合作用等等。另一方面腐植酸容易流失,特别是对于肥料的使用场合而言,因此如何固定化腐植酸成为其有效利用的途径之一。
因此,充分认识并结合碳酸钙类材料和腐植酸两者的优点,将腐植酸牢牢固定在碳酸钙表面上,扩展其应用领域,或者将某些固废材料变废为宝,定能实现良好的社会、经济和环境效益。
发明内容
本发明目的在于提供一种制备成本低廉、工艺流程简单的表面固定化腐植酸的碳酸钙类固体化合物,及其高值化利用的方法,从而弥补现有技术的不足。
本发明所提供的表面固定化腐植酸的碳酸钙类固体化合物,其制备方法包括如下的步骤:
1)碳酸钙类固体原料粉碎处理:
将碳酸钙类材料进行粉碎,然后进行脱水、干燥;
作为实施例的一种具体记载,粉碎后的碳酸钙类材料粒度为10-200目;
所述的碳酸钙类材料包括海洋类天然碳酸钙类材料,一般是指海洋贝壳类外壳,例如牡蛎壳、扇贝壳、海螺、蛤蜊等;天然矿物材料一般是指方解石、大理石、钟乳石、石灰石、冰洲石等自然界天然存在的碳酸钙类矿物;人工合成的碳酸钙材料,一般是指通过物理、化学手段得到的碳酸钙类材料;
2)活化处理:将干燥好的碳酸钙类固体材料与活化剂混合进行活化;其中活化剂占碳酸钙类固体材料的质量比例为0.5%-20%之间,通过活化反应将活化剂均匀覆盖到碳酸钙类固体表面,其中活化处理的温度在20-60℃,活化剂为油酸盐、烯类酸酐、烯氧基硅烷等的固体或者液体有机物;
所述的活化反应,是通过球磨机或者高速搅拌混合机来完成;
3)固定化腐植酸:
将活化处理的碳酸钙类固体材料与腐植酸、引发剂进行配料,在温度30-70℃下进行反应,使腐殖酸固定在碳酸钙类固体材料的表面
反应时间为1-5小时;
其中碳酸钙类固体材料与腐植酸、引发剂的质量份数比如下:碳酸钙类固体材料60-95份、腐植酸3-10份,引发剂0.01-1份;
所述的引发剂为水溶性过氧化剂。
作为实施例具体记载,所述的引发剂为过氧化氢、过硫酸盐或氢过氧化物。
本发明所提供的表面固定化腐植酸的碳酸钙类固体化合物在吸附重金属、土壤调理、污水处理、肥料保水缓释中的应用。
本发明充分利用了碳酸钙类固体材料具有表面丰富的羟基官能团、有较强的吸附能力、弱碱性成为天然的酸性土壤改良剂、成本低和固废资源化利用等优点,使其对腐植酸类化合物进行固定化处理。固定化腐植酸是集合了碳酸钙类材料和腐植酸两者利用的优势,并且固定后的腐植酸不容易脱落流失、可多次循环利用,充分增强了碳酸钙类材料的应用功能。
附图说明
图1:制备的碳酸钙表面固定化腐植酸的材料的红外分析图,其中1为原始碳酸钙,2为油酸钠改性的碳酸钙,3为腐植酸钠接枝聚合后的碳酸钙;
图2:制备的碳酸钙表面固定化腐植酸的材料的XRD分析图,其中1为原始碳酸钙,2为油酸钠改性的碳酸钙,3为腐植酸钠接枝聚合后的碳酸钙。
具体实施方式
本发明所使用的碳酸钙类固体原料,包括海洋类天然原料或者是天然矿物原料粉碎以及人工合成的各类碳酸钙材料,粉碎后进行表面活化处理,获得的改性材料与腐植酸等和其他辅料在引发剂的作用下进行反应,形成表面固定化腐植酸的新型材料,可应用于吸附重金属、土壤调理、污水处理、肥料保水缓释等。腐植酸在碳酸钙表面的固定采用化学反应的方式进行,由于之前的活化作用,碳酸钙表面已经有了可供聚合反应的不饱和键,再加之腐植酸本身的羧基、羟基、酚羟基丰富,因此反应可以顺利进行。腐植酸一般是指从土壤或者腐败类生物质如树叶、枝干、秸秆等中,或者从低热值煤炭如泥煤、褐煤、风化煤等煤中,采用化学或者生物方法提取的天然高分子物质,也可以是可溶性的腐植酸盐;
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步详细的描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例1:将腐殖酸固定在方解石表面
一)方解石的粉碎与活化:
1)粉碎处理:将原料方解石用高速磨粉机粉碎至50目以下。具体过程为:用清水冲洗掉方解石表面泥土沙粒等杂物,充分干燥后经过磨粉机进行磨碎,固体颗粒通过50目的筛网,收集备用;
2)活化处理:将上述粉碎后碳酸钙颗粒取100g与活化剂油酸钠固体混合,活化剂的用量为碳酸钙质量的10%即为10g,两者均匀混合后加入到球磨机内,加入氧化锆磨球后开始球磨操作,操作时间为2小时,球磨结束后取出固体混合物,即得到活化的碳酸钙颗粒。
二)腐植酸在牡蛎壳表面的固定:
1)将腐植酸钠3g配成10mL的水溶液,充分超声后备用;
2)将配好的腐植酸钠溶液转移到烧杯中,加入100g已活化的碳酸钙颗粒,加入0.05g的叔丁基过氧化氢,开启搅拌充分混合。温度升高到50℃,反应2小时;
3)反应结束后,停止加热和搅拌,熟化1小时;
4)将物料取出,经过反复的纯水洗涤和离心操作,直到离心上清液的pH无明显的变化,烘干后制成成品材料。
三)碳酸钙表面固定化腐植酸的材料表征:
图1为红外分析图,其中1为原始碳酸钙,2为油酸钠改性的碳酸钙,3为腐植酸钠接枝聚合后的碳酸钙。由分析可知:在2线中2900cm-1附近有着较为明显的特征峰,这表明油酸钠通过机械化学作用成功与碳酸钙结合,在碳酸钙表面形成较为稳定的包覆层;在3线中3300-3500cm-1附近有着更宽的特征峰,这表明羟基等亲水性基团丰富,并且2800-3000附近的特征峰明显弱于2中的特征峰,这说明经过腐植酸钠接枝聚合反应后腐植酸又成功得接枝到碳酸钙颗粒表面。
图2为XRD分析图,其中1为原始碳酸钙,2为油酸钠改性的碳酸钙,3为腐植酸钠接枝聚合后的碳酸钙。由图2的X射线衍射分析可知:碳酸钙颗粒在经过油酸钠包覆和腐植酸钠接枝后,表面出现明显的腐植酸钠主峰,这说明腐植酸已经成功接枝到牡蛎壳表面。
由上述可见这些分析都说明了包裹和聚合反应真实得发生了,固定化处理后腐植酸由于扎根于固体材料表面不易流失、材料表面官能团成分增强,在很大程度上提高了腐植酸的利用效率。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于表面固定化腐植酸的碳酸钙类固体化合物,其特征在于,所述的碳酸钙类固体化合物的制备方法包括如下的步骤:
1)碳酸钙类固体原料粉碎处理:
将碳酸钙类材料进行粉碎,然后进行脱水、干燥;
2)活化处理:将干燥好的碳酸钙类固体材料与活化剂混合进行活化获得碳酸钙类固体化合物;所述的活化剂为油酸盐、烯类酸酐、烯氧基硅烷的固体或者液体有机物。
2.如权利要求1所述的碳酸钙类固体化合物,其特征在于,所述的1)中粉碎后的碳酸钙类材料粒度为10-200目。
3.如权利要求1所述的碳酸钙类固体化合物,其特征在于,所述的2)中活化剂占碳酸钙类固体材料的质量比例为0.5%-20%。
4.如权利要求1所述的碳酸钙类固体化合物,其特征在于,所述的2)中活化处理的温度为20-60℃。
5.如权利要求1所述的碳酸钙类固体化合物,其特征在于,所述的2)中所述的活化反应是通过球磨机或者高速搅拌混合机来完成的。
6.如权利要求1所述碳酸钙类固体化合物,其特征在于,所述碳酸钙类材料包括海洋类天然碳酸钙类材料、天然矿物材料或人工合成的碳酸钙材料。
7.一种表面固定化腐植酸的碳酸钙类固体化合物,其特征在于,所述的化合物是在权利要求1-6任一项所述碳酸钙类固体化合物的表面固定有腐殖酸。
8.如权利要求7所述的表面固定化腐植酸的碳酸钙类固体化合物,其特征在于,所述的化合物,其制备方法如下:
将活化处理的碳酸钙类固体材料与腐植酸、引发剂进行配料,在温度30-70℃下进行反应,使腐殖酸固定在碳酸钙类固体材料的表面;所述的引发剂为水溶性过氧化剂。
9.如权利要求8所述的表面固定化腐植酸的碳酸钙类固体化合物,其特征在于,所述的碳酸钙类固体材料与腐植酸、引发剂的质量份数比如下:碳酸钙类固体材料60-95份、腐植酸3-10份,引发剂0.01-1份;反应时间为1-5小时。
10.权利要求7所述的表面固定化腐植酸的碳酸钙类固体化合物在吸附重金属、土壤调理、污水处理、肥料保水缓释中的应用。
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