CN113640258B - 一种薄膜型荧光传感器及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种薄膜型荧光传感器及其制备方法和应用,所述薄膜型荧光传感器由包括N,S共掺杂碳量子点、基质和共混改性剂的原料制备,所述基质为明胶,所述共混改性剂为nafion溶液。本发明提供的薄膜型荧光传感器通过在贮藏期间的荧光强度变化,判断鱼肉的新鲜度,实现快速无损检测,具有高灵敏度与准确度。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及食品检测领域,尤其涉及一种薄膜型荧光传感器及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
水产品由于其高营养、高水分活度、大量的微生物附着和接近中性的pH值等条件,使其在储运过程中极易腐败变质。水产品的腐败不仅提高了销售成本,也增加了消费者食源性疾病的风险。新鲜度检测是防范水产品腐败的重要手段之一。水产品中的氨基酸以及蛋白质在酶和细菌的作用下分解后产生可挥发的碱性含氮物质称为挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N),TVB-N的含量与水产品中酶与微生物的含量密切相关,因此TVB-N作为一种衡量动物性食品的新鲜度的重要指标。但传统的实验室化学检测方法需要使用碱液吸收挥发性的含胺物质,并用标准酸溶液进行滴定,操作繁琐,费时费力。新鲜度无损检测方法,如近红外光谱技术、机器视觉技术和气敏传感技术等相比传统方法有一定的优势,但仍然存在数据处理复杂、无法实现在线检测、准确性低、稳定性差等问题,无法完全实现理想的快速无损检测。因此,亟需开发一种简便易行、成本低廉、安全高效的新鲜度快速检测方法。
碳点(CDs)由于其荧光特性、生物低毒性以及易于合成等优点被广泛应用在细胞成像,可见光催化等领域。Zhao Li等通过溶剂热解柠檬酸和组氨酸,合成了用于Cu2+测定的高选择性氮掺杂碳量子点(N-CQDs)荧光传感器,并实现了对环境水样品和果汁样品中的Cu2+检测。Li Yingping等采用水热合成法,以硝酸硫胺素(TN)作为单一原料,制备了荧光最大激发波长为368nm的N,S-CDs,并基于荧光猝灭原理实现了对两种能量饮料和苏打饮料中柠檬黄的测定。CDs已经作为荧光传感器被应用于食品安全检测。尽管有关新鲜度无损检测的报道较多,但是以CDs作为荧光传感器对新鲜度进行无损检测的研究报道较少。发明专利“一种可见光/荧光双信号指示剂”(溴百里酚蓝-碳量子点指示剂),该指示剂通过与肉类腐败产生的挥发性成分反应而产生可见光颜色和荧光颜色的变化,利用可见光颜色的和荧光颜色的变化可实现监测肉类制品新鲜度。该指示膜基于溴百里酚蓝-碳量子点之间的荧光猝灭原理,而肉类腐败产生的挥发性成分使碳量子点荧光恢复。然而,溴百里酚蓝颜色变化受二氧化碳影响较大,限制了该指示膜在气调包装中的应用,且溴百里酚蓝具有刺激性,用于食品包装中难以避免与肉品接触,这是否复合食品安全等级,是否会造成溴百里酚蓝毒性在肉品中的富集等有待明确研究。目前本领域亟待解决鱼肉储运过程中新鲜度难以快速无损检测的问题,从而为鱼肉进行品质监控和追踪提供更有效的技术手段。
发明内容
本发明提供一种薄膜型荧光传感器及其制备方法和应用。本发明提供的薄膜型荧光传感器在贮藏期间的荧光强度变化,判断鱼肉的新鲜度,实现快速无损检测,定量检测鱼肉的TVB-N含量,具有高灵敏度与准确度。
本发明提供一种薄膜型荧光传感器,所述薄膜型荧光传感器由包括N,S共掺杂碳量子点、基质和共混改性剂的原料制备,所述基质为明胶,所述共混改性剂为nafion溶液。本发明中,采用的(N,S-CDs-nafion/明胶)薄膜型荧光传感器更好的通过荧光强度与鱼肉TV B-N的拟合关系来反应鱼肉新鲜度,可以定量检测鱼肉的TVB-N含量,具有更高的灵敏度与准确度,为鱼肉进行品质监控和追踪提供更有效的技术手段。尤其是,本发明以柠檬酸或果酸为碳源,以甲硫氨酸为氮源和硫源制备N,S共掺杂碳量子点(N,S-CDs),以明胶作为基质,以nafion作为共混改性剂,制作(N,S-CDs-nafion/明胶)薄膜型荧光传感器,在nafion的作用下,N,S-CDs更好地分散在明胶基质中,提高了N,S-CDs-nafion/明胶薄膜型荧光传感器的灵敏度。
根据本发明提供的薄膜型荧光传感器,所述N,S共掺杂碳量子点的原料中,碳源为果酸,所述果酸优选为柠檬酸或苹果酸,氮源和硫源为甲硫氨酸;优选的,所述果酸与甲硫氨酸的摩尔比为1~4:1~2,优选为2:1。本发明中,通过采用上述特定碳源、氮源和硫源及在上述用量比例下,是氮元素和硫元素一步掺杂到CDs中,具有成本低,操作简便的优点,且N,S-CDs表面具有丰富的官能团,提高了对氨的选择性与敏感性。
根据本发明提供的薄膜型荧光传感器,所述N,S共掺杂碳量子点、所述明胶和所述nafion溶液的质量体积比为2~2000mg:1~5g:1~10ml,所述nafion溶液浓度为20~40%。本发明中,通过采用上述明胶和nafion溶液,尤其在上述用量比例下,能够提高N,S-CDs在明胶基质中分散程度,从而提高薄膜型荧光传感器的荧光强度以及对氨的响应特性。
本发明还提供所述薄膜型荧光传感器的制备方法,包括:
1)将明胶水溶液与nafion溶液混合,得到共混溶液;
2)将N,S共掺杂碳量子点与所述共混溶液进行混合,溶解后超声脱气,得到N,S-CDs的混合溶液;
3)将所述混合溶液制备薄膜,再将所述薄膜进行裁剪。本发明合成的(N,S共掺杂碳量子点)薄膜型荧光传感器作为的检测新鲜度的传感器,用于鱼肉的储运环境中,能够达到对鱼肉品质的快速无损检测。
根据本发明提供的薄膜型荧光传感器的制备方法,步骤1)中,所述明胶水溶液与所述nafion溶液的体积比为100ml:1~10ml;优选的,所述明胶水溶液中明胶与水的质量体积比为1~5g:100ml,所述nafion溶液浓度为20~40%优选30%。
根据本发明提供的薄膜型荧光传感器的制备方法,步骤2)中,所述N,S共掺杂碳量子点与所述共混溶液的质量体积比为2~2000mg:101~110ml;和/或,步骤3)中,所述薄膜的厚度为0.1~3.0mm,裁剪尺寸为1×2cm。
根据本发明提供的薄膜型荧光传感器的制备方法,所述N,S共掺杂碳量子点的制备步骤包括:将果酸水溶液与甲硫氨酸水溶液混合进行反应,然后冷却、过滤和干燥,得到N,S-CDs。
根据本发明提供的薄膜型荧光传感器的制备方法,所述制备N,S共掺杂碳量子点的步骤中,反应温度为130~180℃优选150℃,反应时间为18~30h优选24h;和/或,干燥温度为50~70℃优选60℃,干燥时间为10~15h优选12h。本发明中,采用上述制备N,S共掺杂碳量子点的反应方法及条件,尤其通过控制反应温度和反应时间,在上述优选条件范围下,合成的N,S-CDs具备更好的荧光特性与水溶性。
本发明还提供所述的薄膜型荧光传感器或所述的薄膜型荧光传感器的制备方法制得的薄膜型荧光传感器在鱼肉新鲜度检测中的应用。
根据本发明提供的薄膜型荧光传感器在鱼肉新鲜度检测中的应用,包括以下步骤:将鱼样品和所述薄膜型荧光传感器放置于测试容器中;获取所述薄膜型荧光传感器的荧光发射光谱强度;通过薄膜型荧光传感器的荧光强度变化判断鱼样品的新鲜度。
根据本发明提供的薄膜型荧光传感器在鱼肉新鲜度检测中的应用,所述薄膜型荧光探针的标定包括:
1.鱼样品购买于具有正规的质量保障的新鲜的三文鱼。
2.将三文鱼切取30~50g,分别和薄膜型荧光传感器(N,S-CDs-nafion/明胶薄膜)放入密封容器中,贮藏在10℃下的冰箱内;
3.每隔8小时测量一次荧光发射光谱强度变化ΔI;
优选操作如下:1)紫外-可见光光谱分析:采用紫外-可见光分光光度计在扫描波长为200~600nm,采样间隔2nm,光度模式为Abs的条件下对样品进行紫外光谱分析,最强吸收峰值处的波长即为N,S-CDs的最佳激发波长λex;2)荧光发射光谱强度ΔI的测定:采用荧光分光光度计记录薄膜样品在激发光波长为λex下的荧光发射光谱图,在最佳发射光谱λem处,荧光强度达到峰值Imax;记录λem处的荧光强度Imax;
4.对薄膜型荧光传感器的荧光发射光谱的峰值强度Imax与三文鱼的TVB-N进行拟合,得到薄膜型荧光传感器的荧光(发射光谱)强度I与新鲜度的标定曲线。
本发明中,随着三文鱼储藏时间的增加,N,S-CDs-nafion/明胶薄膜型荧光传感器的荧光强度会出现变化,根据检测的TVB-N与国标规定的鱼类新鲜度最大限值(根据GB2733-2015《鲜、冻动物性水产品安全标准》的规定,海水鱼的TVB-N值不得大于30mg/100g),明确水产品货架期终点。海水鱼TVB-N≥30mg/100g为变质,随着储藏时间的增加,N,S-CDs-nafion/明胶薄膜的荧光发射光峰值越低;每隔一定时间测定三文鱼片的TVB-N,并记录N,S-CDs-nafion/明胶薄膜的荧光强度变化。最终根据N,S-CDs-nafion/明胶薄膜型传感器的荧光发射光强度变化判断肉类食品的新鲜度,实现快速无损检测。
本发明的有益效果至少在于:
1)本发明制备了N,S共掺杂碳量子点作为荧光传感器,该荧光传感器通过与鱼肉腐败产生的挥发性成分反应而发生荧光强度变化,利用该荧光强度的变化来监测鱼肉制品新鲜度;与现有可见光指示剂相比,该N,S-CDs荧光性能稳定,对目标检测物荧光指示信号变化灵敏,检测限低,能通过与TVB-N的拟合实现鱼肉新鲜度的定量检测。
2)本发明制备的N,S-CDs-nafion/明胶薄膜由nafion和明胶合成,通过nafion溶液对明胶的共混改性极大地降低了明胶膜的脆性,同时naifion提供了大量的阳离子通道,提高了复合膜对腐败气体的吸附,降低了阴离子对检测结果的干扰;同时,nafion溶液极大地提高了N,S-CDs在明胶中的分散度,使N,S-CDs-nafion/明胶薄膜对鱼肉腐败产生的挥发性气体具有更高的灵敏度响应。
3)本发明建立的基于荧光传感器检测鱼肉新鲜度的方法在鱼肉储运过程中可以根据薄膜探针的荧光强度色变化有效检测当前鱼肉的TVB-N值,准确地评估鱼肉的新鲜度,可实现鱼肉新鲜度的快速无损检测;不需要昂贵的检测仪器,且检测成本低、操作简便;且该薄膜型荧光传感器无毒、成本低、稳定性高,利于商业化应用。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中需要使用的附图作简单介绍,显而易见,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明实施例N,S-CDs的X射线衍射(XRD)图谱;
图2为本发明实施例N,S-CDs的紫外-可见光吸收光谱,荧光激发光谱和发射光谱图,其中(1)为日光下N,S-CDs照片,(2)为紫外灯(365nm)下的N,S-CDs照片;
图3为本发明实施例激发光350nm,发射光445nm下,不同浓度氨气的N,S-CDs-nafion/明胶薄膜荧光强度变化示意图,氨浓度:a.0;b.2;c10;d.20;e.30;f.50;g.65.0;h.80,单位:mmol/L;
图4为本发明实施例氨气浓度与荧光强度的标定曲线图;
图5为本发明实施例N,S-CDs-nafion/明胶薄膜的抗干扰曲线图;
图6为本发明实施例N,S-CDs-nafion/明胶薄膜的稳定性结果,其中,图(a)是在紫外灯照射下(365nm)荧光强度随时间的变化曲线图;图(b)是在日光下荧光强度随时间的变化曲线图;
图7为本发明实施例N,S-CDs-nafion/明胶薄膜的重复性曲线图;
图8为本发明实施例N,S-CDs-nafion/明胶薄膜与三文鱼贮藏在10℃下,荧光强度变化与三文鱼的TVB-N含量变化曲线图;
图9为本发明实施例中荧光强度变化与三文鱼的TVB-N含量标定曲线图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,以下实施例用于说明本发明,但不用来限制本发明的范围。实施例中未注明具体技术或条件者,按照本领域内的文献所描述的技术或条件,或者按照产品说明书进行。
本发明中,所用仪器等未注明生产厂商者,均为可通过正规渠道商购买得到的常规产品。所述方法如无特别说明均为常规方法,所述原材料如无特别说明均能从公开商业途径而得。实施例中未注明具体技术或条件者,按照本领域内的文献所描述的技术或条件,或者按照产品说明书进行。
本发明实施例中,N,S-CDs-nafion/明胶薄膜、N,S-CDs-nafi on/明胶型荧光传感器等表述均指代所述薄膜型荧光传感器。
实施例1
本实施例提供N,S-CDs的制备,包括如下步骤:分别配置200ml 0.2mol/L的苹果酸水溶液,200ml 0.1mol/L的甲硫氨酸水溶液;将上述的苹果酸水溶液与甲硫氨酸水溶液按照体积比1:1混合后,在150℃油浴下反应24h后,待反应液冷却至室温,过滤得到上清液;将所述的上清液置于真空干燥箱中60℃干燥12h后,得到黄色产物,即N,S-CDs,避光保存。如图1所示,本实施例合成的N,S-CDs出现在20.9°和27°的峰分别是石墨碳(100)面0.21nm和石墨碳(020)面0.26nm晶格间距的特征,证明合成的N,S-CD具有良好的结晶度。
实施例2
本实施例提供一种N,S-CDs-nafion/明胶薄膜型荧光传感器,其制备具体过程如下:将1g明胶溶于100ml超纯水中,加入1ml市售30%nafion溶液,充分搅拌溶解,得到nafion改性的明胶共混溶液;将20mg实施例1制备的N,S-CDs加入到所述的共混溶液中,充分搅拌溶解后超声脱气;将所述的N,S-CDs的混合溶液倒入载玻片,使用旋涂仪制作N,S-CDs-nafion/明胶薄膜,薄膜厚度为1~1.5mm;将成品膜裁剪为1×2cm,以便后续的新鲜度荧光检测应用。
实施例3
将实施例2制备的N,S-CDs-nafion/明胶薄膜型荧光传感器对NH3的检测,具体过程如下:
1.取1×2cm大小的N,S-CDs-nafion/明胶薄膜置于气室内,向气室内通途氨气与空气的混合气体1min后,检测薄膜的荧光强度变化,其中氨气的浓度分别为0,2,10,20,30,50,65,80,单位:mmol/L,具体操作过程如下:
(1)紫外-可见光光谱分析:采用HACH紫外-可见光分光光度计在扫描波长为200~600nm,采样间隔2nm,光度模式为Abs的条件下对薄膜样品进行紫外光谱分析,最强吸收峰值处的波长即为N,S-CDs的最佳激发波长,如图2所示,本发明合成的N,S-CDs最佳激发波长为350nm。
(2)荧光发射光谱强度I的测定:采用爱丁堡FS5型荧光分光光度计在激发狭缝宽度为5.0nm,发射狭缝宽度为5.0nm,薄膜样品最佳激发波长(Ex)350nm下,最佳发射波长(Em)为445nm。激发波长为350nm,记录薄膜样品的在不同浓度的氨气下的荧光发射光谱图以及在发射光谱445nm处的荧光强度峰值Imax,如图3所示。
2.对N,S-CDs-nafion/明胶薄膜的荧光发射光谱的峰值强度I与氨气浓度进行拟合,如图4所示,本实施例的N,S-CDs-nafion/明胶薄膜对氨气具有良好的线性响应。图5可以看出N,S-CDs-nafion/明胶薄膜型荧光传感器对挥发性胺类气体具有较高的选择性,具有良好的抗干扰性能。图6可以看出N,S-CDs-nafion/明胶薄膜型荧光传感器具有良好的抗光漂白性和稳定性。图7可以看出N,S-CDs-naf ion/明胶薄膜型荧光传感器具有较好的重复性。
实施例4
将实施例2制备的N,S-CDs-nafion/明胶薄膜用于鱼肉新鲜度的快速无损检测,具体过程如下:
(1)鱼样品购买于具有正规的质量保障的新鲜的三文鱼。本发明实施例中,鱼肉TVB-N检测:按GB 5009.228-2016《食品安全国家标准食品中挥发性盐基氮的测定》中的微量扩散法进行测定;
(2)将三文鱼每个样品切取30g,分别和N,S-CDs-nafion/明胶薄膜放入塑料培养皿中并用保鲜膜密封好,并贮藏于10℃高精度低温培养箱中;
(3)每隔8小时测量一次膜贮藏过程中N,S-CDs-nafion/明胶薄膜的荧光发射光谱强度Imax,具体操作如下:采用爱丁堡FS5型荧光分光光度计在激发狭缝宽度为5.0nm,发射狭缝宽度为5.0nm,激发波长为λex=350nm,记录样品的荧光发射光谱图,在发射光谱λem=445nm处,荧光强度峰值Imax,如图8和9所示。通过荧光强度变化判断三文鱼的新鲜度。当荧光强度降低约20%时,三文鱼的TVB-N含量超过30mg/100g,表明三文鱼腐败。
虽然,上文中已经用一般性说明及具体实施方案对本发明作了详尽的描述,但在本发明基础上,可以对之作一些修改或改进,这对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此,在不偏离本发明精神的基础上所做的这些修改或改进,均属于本发明要求保护的范围。
Claims (14)
1.一种薄膜型荧光传感器的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:
1)将明胶水溶液与nafion溶液混合,得到共混溶液;
2)将N,S共掺杂碳量子点与所述共混溶液进行混合,溶解后超声脱气,得到N,S共掺杂碳量子点的混合溶液;
3)将所述混合溶液制备薄膜,再将所述薄膜进行裁剪;
所述N,S共掺杂碳量子点的原料中,碳源为果酸,氮源和硫源为甲硫氨酸;所述果酸为柠檬酸或苹果酸,所述果酸与甲硫氨酸的摩尔比为1~4:1~2。
2.根据权利要求1所述的薄膜型荧光传感器的制备方法,其特征在于,所述果酸与甲硫氨酸的摩尔比为2:1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的薄膜型荧光传感器的制备方法,其特征在于,所述N,S共掺杂碳量子点、明胶和所述nafion溶液的质量体积比为2~2000mg:1~5g:1~10ml,所述nafion溶液浓度为20~40%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的薄膜型荧光传感器的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1)中,所述明胶水溶液与所述nafion溶液的体积比为100ml:1~10ml。
5.根据权利要求4所述的薄膜型荧光传感器的制备方法,其特征在于,所述明胶水溶液中明胶与水的质量体积比为1~5g:100ml。
6.根据权利要求5所述的薄膜型荧光传感器的制备方法,其特征在于,所述nafion溶液浓度为30%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的薄膜型荧光传感器的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2)中,所述N,S共掺杂碳量子点与所述共混溶液的质量体积比为2~2000mg:101~110ml。
8.根据权利要求1所述的薄膜型荧光传感器的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤3)中,所述薄膜的厚度为0.1~3.0mm,裁剪尺寸为1×2cm。
9.根据权利要求1~8任一项所述的薄膜型荧光传感器的制备方法,其特征在于,所述N,S共掺杂碳量子点的制备步骤包括:将果酸水溶液与甲硫氨酸水溶液混合后在油浴下进行反应,然后冷却、过滤和干燥,得到N,S共掺杂碳量子点。
10.根据权利要求9所述的薄膜型荧光传感器的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备N,S共掺杂碳量子点的步骤中,反应温度为130~180℃,反应时间为18~30h。
11.根据权利要求10所述的薄膜型荧光传感器的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备N,S共掺杂碳量子点的步骤中,干燥温度为50~70℃,干燥时间为10~15h。
12.根据权利要求11所述的薄膜型荧光传感器的制备方法,其特征在于,所述制备N,S共掺杂碳量子点的步骤中,反应温度为150℃,反应时间为24h;干燥温度为60℃,干燥时间为12h。
13.权利要求1~12任一项所述的薄膜型荧光传感器的制备方法制得的薄膜型荧光传感器在鱼肉新鲜度检测中的应用。
14.根据权利要求13所述的应用,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:将鱼样品和所述薄膜型荧光传感器放置于测试容器中;获取所述薄膜型荧光传感器的荧光发射光谱强度;通过薄膜型荧光传感器的荧光强度变化判断鱼样品的新鲜度。
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