CN113586185A - Coal-fired boiler flue gas and steam combined heat storage deep peak regulation system and operation method - Google Patents
Coal-fired boiler flue gas and steam combined heat storage deep peak regulation system and operation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113586185A CN113586185A CN202111066086.4A CN202111066086A CN113586185A CN 113586185 A CN113586185 A CN 113586185A CN 202111066086 A CN202111066086 A CN 202111066086A CN 113586185 A CN113586185 A CN 113586185A
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K11/00—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers
- F01K11/02—Plants characterised by the engines being structurally combined with boilers or condensers the engines being turbines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K7/00—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/34—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating
- F01K7/38—Steam engine plants characterised by the use of specific types of engine; Plants or engines characterised by their use of special steam systems, cycles or processes; Control means specially adapted for such systems, cycles or processes; Use of withdrawn or exhaust steam for feed-water heating the engines being of extraction or non-condensing type; Use of steam for feed-water heating the engines being of turbine type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B33/00—Steam-generation plants, e.g. comprising steam boilers of different types in mutual association
- F22B33/18—Combinations of steam boilers with other apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES
- F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
- F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D21/0001—Recuperative heat exchangers
- F28D21/0003—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from exhaust gases
- F28D21/001—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from exhaust gases for thermal power plants or industrial processes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/30—Technologies for a more efficient combustion or heat usage
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Abstract
The invention discloses a coal-fired boiler flue gas and steam combined heat storage deep peak regulation system and an operation method, wherein the system comprises a coal-fired generator set thermal system and a heat storage system coupled with the coal-fired generator set thermal system, wherein the heat storage system comprises a cold and hot heat storage medium tank, a cold and hot heat storage medium tank outlet regulating valve, a cold and hot heat storage medium pump, a heat storage medium heater, a feed water preheater and the like; heat storage medium heaters are arranged in the boiler flue and on the side of the steam turbine, the flow of the heat storage medium entering the heat storage medium heaters is adjusted through a heat storage medium pump, and meanwhile, the heat of boiler flue gas and steam of the steam turbine is absorbed, so that the unit can stably run under extremely low load, and the smoke exhaust temperature of the boiler is reduced, and the economical efficiency of the unit is improved; the flow rates of the water supply and the heat storage medium entering the heat storage medium and the water supply heat exchanger are respectively adjusted through the high-pressure and low-pressure heater bypass adjusting valve group and the inlet adjusting valve of the heat storage medium and the water supply heat exchanger, so that the system meets the requirement of the unit on the rapid variable load rate; the invention can enlarge the working load range of the unit and improve the flexibility and the economy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of coal-fired power generation, in particular to a coal-fired boiler flue gas and steam combined heat storage deep peak regulation system and an operation method.
Background
With the global rapid increase of the utilization of renewable energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy and the like, the characteristics of volatility, intermittency, unpredictability and the like bring great challenges to the stable and safe operation of a power grid. In order to maintain stable and safe power grid and adapt to the increasing use of renewable energy sources, the improvement of the operation flexibility of the coal-fired power generating set plays an important role in the transition process of the current power system. In this case, the coal-fired power plant is required to increase the variable load rate while extending its operating load range, particularly to reduce the minimum power generation power, i.e., the minimum load. The strong coupling between current thermodynamic system unit boiler and the steam turbine has restricted coal-fired generating set's minimum power output, and there is not reasonable solution at present to make thermal generator set can satisfy the requirement that the electric wire netting becomes load and low-load running performance to the unit, and simultaneously, the exhaust temperature of boiler often is more than 120 ℃, has caused a large amount of energy losses, and often will add comparatively expensive indirect heating equipment to the recycle of flue gas waste heat, will consider investment cost, consequently the problem that needs to solve includes:
1) when the unit requires low-load working condition operation, the limitation of the minimum stable combustion load of the boiler is received, the decoupling of the boiler is needed in an effective mode, and the stable operation of the unit with extremely low load is ensured.
2) When the power grid requires a unit to change load quickly, the load change rate of the traditional coal-fired unit is limited, and the load change capacity of the system needs to be further improved by coupling an efficient heat storage system and the traditional coal-fired power generation system. 3) The boiler exhaust temperature is high, which causes a large amount of energy loss, and the exhaust temperature needs to be reduced in an effective and cheap manner, so that the economic efficiency of the unit is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a coal-fired boiler flue gas and steam combined heat storage deep peak shaving system and an operation method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a coal-fired boiler flue gas and steam combined heat storage deep peak regulation system comprises a coal-fired generator set thermal system and a heat storage system coupled with the coal-fired generator set thermal system,
the thermodynamic system of the coal-fired power generating set comprises a boiler 1, a turbine high-pressure cylinder 2, a turbine intermediate-pressure cylinder 3, a turbine low-pressure cylinder 4, a condenser 5, a condensate pump 6, a low-pressure heater 7, a deaerator 8, a water feed pump 9, a high-pressure heater 10, a high-pressure heater outlet regulating valve 11 and a main steam flow dividing valve 12, wherein a second heat storage medium heater (18) is arranged in a flue of the boiler (1); the superheated steam outlet of the boiler 1 is communicated with the steam inlet of the steam turbine high-pressure cylinder 2 through a pipeline; the water working medium inlet of the boiler 1 is communicated with the water working medium outlet of the high-pressure heater 10 through a high-pressure heater outlet regulating valve 11; the steam extraction outlet of the steam turbine high-pressure cylinder 2 is connected with the steam inlet of the high-pressure heater 10 through a pipeline, and the steam outlet of the steam turbine high-pressure cylinder 2 is communicated with the steam inlet of the steam turbine intermediate-pressure cylinder 3 through a boiler 1; a first-stage steam extraction outlet of the steam turbine intermediate pressure cylinder 3 is communicated with a steam inlet of the high-pressure heater 10 through a pipeline, and a second-stage steam extraction outlet is connected with a steam inlet of the deaerator 8 through a pipeline; the steam outlet of the turbine intermediate pressure cylinder 3 is communicated with the steam inlet of the turbine low pressure cylinder 4 through a pipeline; the steam extraction outlet of the steam turbine low-pressure cylinder 4 is communicated with the steam inlet of the low-pressure heater 7 through a pipeline, and the steam outlet of the steam turbine low-pressure cylinder 4 is communicated with the air inlet of the condenser 5 through a pipeline; a water working medium outlet of the condenser 5 is communicated with a water working medium inlet of a low-pressure heater 7 through a condensate pump 6; the water working medium outlet of the low-pressure heater 7 is communicated with the water working medium inlet of the deaerator 8; the water working medium outlet of the deaerator 8 is communicated with the water working medium inlet of the high-pressure heater 10 through a water feeding pump 9;
the heat storage system comprises a cold heat storage medium tank 13, a cold heat storage medium tank outlet regulating valve 14, a cold heat storage medium pump 15, a first heat storage medium heater inlet regulating valve 16, a first heat storage medium heater 17, a second heat storage medium heater 18, a water supply preheater 19, a heat storage medium tank 20, a heat storage medium tank outlet regulating valve 21, a heat storage medium pump 22, a heat storage medium and high-feed water heat exchanger 23, a heat storage medium and feed water heat exchanger inlet regulating valve 24, a high-feed water bypass regulating valve 25, a heat storage medium and low-feed water heat exchanger 26 and a low-feed water bypass regulating valve 27; a heat storage medium inlet of the first heat storage medium heater 17 is communicated with a heat storage medium outlet of the cold heat storage medium tank 13 through a first heat storage medium heater inlet regulating valve 16, a cold heat storage medium pump 15 and a cold heat storage medium regulating valve 14, and a steam inlet of the first heat storage medium heater 17 is communicated with a superheated steam outlet of the boiler 1 through a main steam flow dividing valve 12; the heat storage medium outlet of the first heat storage medium heater 17 is communicated with the heat storage medium tank 20 through a pipeline; the steam outlet of the first heat storage medium heater 17 is communicated with the steam inlet of the feed water preheater 19 through a pipeline; the steam outlet of the feed water preheater 19 is communicated with the steam inlet of the condenser 5 through a pipeline; the water working medium inlet of the feed water preheater 19 is connected with the water working medium outlet of the high pressure heater 10 through the high pressure heater outlet regulating valve 11; the water medium outlet of the feed water preheater 19 is connected with the water medium inlet of the boiler 1 through a pipeline; the heat storage medium inlet of the second heat storage medium heater 18 is communicated with the cold heat storage medium tank 13 through the cold heat storage medium pump 15 and the cold heat storage medium regulating valve 14; the heat storage medium outlet of the second heat storage medium heater 18 is communicated with the heat storage medium tank 20 through a pipeline; the heat storage medium inlet of the heat storage medium and high pressure feed water heat exchanger 23 is communicated with the heat storage medium tank 20 through a heat storage medium pump 22 and a heat storage medium tank outlet regulating valve 21; the heat storage medium outlet of the heat storage medium and high-pressure feed water heat exchanger 23 is communicated with the heat storage medium inlet of the cold heat storage medium tank 13 through a pipeline; the heat storage medium and the water medium inlet of the high-pressure feed water heat exchanger 23 are connected with the water medium outlet of the feed water pump 9 through a high-pressure feed water bypass regulating valve 25; the water medium outlet of the heat storage medium and high-pressure feed water heat exchanger 23 is communicated with the water medium inlet of the feed water preheater 19 through a pipeline; the heat storage medium inlet of the heat storage medium and low feed water heat exchanger 26 is communicated with the heat storage medium inlet of the heat storage medium and high feed water heat exchanger 23 through a heat storage medium and feed water heat exchanger inlet adjusting valve 24; the heat storage medium outlet of the heat storage medium and low-feed water heat exchanger 26 is communicated with the heat storage medium inlet of the cold heat storage medium tank 13 through a pipeline; the water working medium inlet of the heat storage medium and low feed water heat exchanger 26 is connected with the water working medium outlet of the condensate pump 6 through a low feed water bypass regulating valve 27; the water medium outlet of the heat storage medium and low feed water heat exchanger 26 is communicated with the water medium inlet of the deaerator 8 through a pipeline.
The second heat storage medium heater 18 is disposed inside the boiler 1, and a three-flue configuration may be adopted such that the superheater, the reheater, and the second heat storage medium heater 18 are disposed in parallel, or the second heat storage medium heater 18 and the superheater or the reheater are disposed in series.
The heat storage medium used by the heat storage system is a single-phase flowing medium such as molten salt.
The temperature of the flue gas at the flue of the boiler (1) where the second heat storage medium heater (18) is located is more than 400 ℃; the steam temperature at the steam inlet of the first heat storage medium heater 17 is greater than 400 ℃.
When the coal-fired power generating unit operates at a low load, the outlet regulating valve 14 of the cold heat storage medium tank is opened, the cold heat storage medium pump 15 is started, the flow of the heat storage medium flowing out of the cold heat storage medium tank 13 is regulated by the cold heat storage medium pump 15, the inlet regulating valve 16 of the first heat storage medium heater is used for regulating the inlet flow of the heat storage medium entering the first heat storage medium heater 17 and the second heat storage medium heater 18, the main steam flow dividing valve 12 is opened, the flow of the steam flowing into the first heat storage medium heater 17 is regulated by the main steam flow dividing valve 12, and the regulating target is as follows: under the condition of ensuring stable combustion of the boiler, the extremely low load operation of the coal-fired generator set is realized, and the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the boiler is reduced; the heat storage medium enters a first heat storage medium heater 17 to exchange heat with high-temperature steam, the heat storage medium enters a second heat storage medium heater 18 to exchange heat with high-temperature flue gas, the heated heat storage medium flows into a heat storage medium tank 20, the steam flowing into the first heat storage medium heater 17 releases heat and then enters a feed water preheater 19 through a pipeline, and the steam further exchanges heat with hydraulic medium flowing out of a high-pressure heater 10 and then flows into a steam inlet of a condenser 5 through a pipeline; when the coal-fired power generating set needs to rapidly increase the load to operate, the outlet regulating valve 21 of the heat storage medium tank is opened, the heat storage medium pump 22 is started, the flow of the heat storage medium flowing out of the heat storage medium tank 20 is regulated through the heat storage medium pump 22, the high pressure water supply bypass regulating valve 25 is opened, the low pressure water supply bypass regulating valve 27 is opened, the heat storage medium enters the heat storage medium and exchanges heat with the high pressure water supply heat exchanger 23 and the water medium and then flows into the cold heat storage medium tank 13, the heated water medium flows into the boiler 1, the inlet regulating valve 24 of the heat storage medium and water supply heat exchanger is opened, so that the heat storage medium enters the heat storage medium and low pressure water supply heat exchanger 26 to exchange heat with the water medium and then flows into the cold heat storage medium tank 13, the heated water medium flows into the deaerator 8, the flow of the water medium entering the heat storage medium and high pressure water supply heat exchanger 23 is regulated through the opening of the outlet regulating valve 11 of the high pressure heater and the opening of the high pressure water supply bypass regulating valve 25, the flow of the water working medium entering the heat storage medium and low feed water heat exchanger 26 is adjusted by the opening degree of the low feed water bypass adjusting valve 27, and the adjusting targets are as follows: the steam amount flowing into the turbine is rapidly increased, and the load change rate of the coal-fired generator set is improved.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the heat storage system is coupled with the traditional coal-fired unit, and the problem that the lowest load of a boiler steam turbine is not matched is solved by absorbing the energy of flue gas and steam through the heat storage medium under the low-load working condition, so that the decoupling of the unit and the boiler is realized, and the lowest load can be reduced to be below 15% of the rated load;
(2) the invention can adjust the flow of the heat storage medium leaving the heat storage medium tank through the heat storage heat medium pump and adjust the flow of the water working medium in the high-pressure water supply bypass and the low-pressure water supply bypass through the water supply bypass adjusting valve to reduce the steam extraction flow of the high-pressure cylinder, the medium-pressure cylinder and the low-pressure cylinder of the steam turbine, so that the increased steam is used for acting, thereby greatly increasing the variable load capacity of the unit and breaking the variable load rate limit of the traditional unit.
(3) The invention can utilize the heat reducing and storing medium heater to absorb the heat energy of the flue gas in the boiler, so that the exhaust temperature of the flue gas is reduced to below 95 ℃, and the energy utilization efficiency of the boiler and the economy of the unit are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a coal-fired boiler flue gas and steam combined heat storage deep peak shaving system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the invention relates to a coal-fired boiler flue gas and steam combined heat storage deep peak shaving system, which comprises a coal-fired power generating unit thermal system and a heat storage system coupled with the coal-fired power generating unit thermal system, wherein:
the thermodynamic system of the coal-fired power generating set comprises a boiler 1, a turbine high-pressure cylinder 2, a turbine intermediate-pressure cylinder 3, a turbine low-pressure cylinder 4, a condenser 5, a condensate pump 6, a low-pressure heater 7, a deaerator 8, a water feed pump 9, a high-pressure heater 10, a high-pressure heater outlet regulating valve 11 and a main steam flow dividing valve 12, wherein a second heat storage medium heater (18) is arranged in a flue of the boiler (1); the superheated steam outlet of the boiler 1 is communicated with the steam inlet of the steam turbine high-pressure cylinder 2 through a pipeline; the water working medium inlet of the boiler 1 is communicated with the water working medium outlet of the high-pressure heater 10 through a high-pressure heater outlet regulating valve 11; the steam extraction outlet of the steam turbine high-pressure cylinder 2 is connected with the steam inlet of the high-pressure heater 10 through a pipeline, and the steam outlet of the steam turbine high-pressure cylinder 2 is communicated with the steam inlet of the steam turbine intermediate-pressure cylinder 3 through a boiler 1; a first-stage steam extraction outlet of the steam turbine intermediate pressure cylinder 3 is communicated with a steam inlet of the high-pressure heater 10 through a pipeline, and a second-stage steam extraction outlet is connected with a steam inlet of the deaerator 8 through a pipeline; the steam outlet of the turbine intermediate pressure cylinder 3 is communicated with the steam inlet of the turbine low pressure cylinder 4 through a pipeline; the steam extraction outlet of the steam turbine low-pressure cylinder 4 is communicated with the steam inlet of the low-pressure heater 7 through a pipeline, and the steam outlet of the steam turbine low-pressure cylinder 4 is communicated with the air inlet of the condenser 5 through a pipeline; a water working medium outlet of the condenser 5 is communicated with a water working medium inlet of a low-pressure heater 7 through a condensate pump 6; the water working medium outlet of the low-pressure heater 7 is communicated with the water working medium inlet of the deaerator 8; the water working medium outlet of the deaerator 8 is communicated with the water working medium inlet of the high-pressure heater 10 through a water feeding pump 9;
the heat storage system comprises a cold heat storage medium tank 13, a cold heat storage medium tank outlet regulating valve 14, a cold heat storage medium pump 15, a first heat storage medium heater inlet regulating valve 16, a first heat storage medium heater 17, a second heat storage medium heater 18, a water supply preheater 19, a heat storage medium tank 20, a heat storage medium tank outlet regulating valve 21, a heat storage medium pump 22, a heat storage medium and high-feed water heat exchanger 23, a heat storage medium and feed water heat exchanger inlet regulating valve 24, a high-feed water bypass regulating valve 25, a heat storage medium and low-feed water heat exchanger 26 and a low-feed water bypass regulating valve 27; a heat storage medium inlet of the first heat storage medium heater 17 is communicated with a heat storage medium outlet of the cold heat storage medium tank 13 through a first heat storage medium heater inlet regulating valve 16, a cold heat storage medium pump 15 and a cold heat storage medium regulating valve 14, and a steam inlet of the first heat storage medium heater 17 is communicated with a superheated steam outlet of the boiler 1 through a main steam flow dividing valve 12; the heat storage medium outlet of the first heat storage medium heater 17 is communicated with the heat storage medium tank 20 through a pipeline; the steam outlet of the first heat storage medium heater 17 is communicated with the steam inlet of the feed water preheater 19 through a pipeline; the steam outlet of the feed water preheater 19 is communicated with the steam inlet of the condenser 5 through a pipeline; the water working medium inlet of the feed water preheater 19 is connected with the water working medium outlet of the high pressure heater 10 through the high pressure heater outlet regulating valve 11; the water medium outlet of the feed water preheater 19 is connected with the water medium inlet of the boiler 1 through a pipeline; the heat storage medium inlet of the second heat storage medium heater 18 is communicated with the cold heat storage medium tank 13 through the cold heat storage medium pump 15 and the cold heat storage medium regulating valve 14; the heat storage medium outlet of the second heat storage medium heater 18 is communicated with the heat storage medium tank 20 through a pipeline; the heat storage medium inlet of the heat storage medium and high pressure feed water heat exchanger 23 is communicated with the heat storage medium tank 20 through a heat storage medium pump 22 and a heat storage medium tank outlet regulating valve 21; the heat storage medium outlet of the heat storage medium and high-pressure feed water heat exchanger 23 is communicated with the heat storage medium inlet of the cold heat storage medium tank 13 through a pipeline; the heat storage medium and the water medium inlet of the high-pressure feed water heat exchanger 23 are connected with the water medium outlet of the feed water pump 9 through a high-pressure feed water bypass regulating valve 25; the water medium outlet of the heat storage medium and high-pressure feed water heat exchanger 23 is communicated with the water medium inlet of the feed water preheater 19 through a pipeline; the heat storage medium inlet of the heat storage medium and low feed water heat exchanger 26 is communicated with the heat storage medium inlet of the heat storage medium and high feed water heat exchanger 23 through a heat storage medium and feed water heat exchanger inlet adjusting valve 24; the heat storage medium outlet of the heat storage medium and low-feed water heat exchanger 26 is communicated with the heat storage medium inlet of the cold heat storage medium tank 13 through a pipeline; the water working medium inlet of the heat storage medium and low feed water heat exchanger 26 is connected with the water working medium outlet of the condensate pump 6 through a low feed water bypass regulating valve 27; the water medium outlet of the heat storage medium and low feed water heat exchanger 26 is communicated with the water medium inlet of the deaerator 8 through a pipeline.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second heat storage medium heater 18 is disposed inside the boiler 1, a triple flue configuration is adopted to arrange the superheater, the reheater and the second heat storage medium heater 18 in parallel, and the outlet flue gas of the three is mixed and then enters the air preheater. Has the advantages that: the temperature of the flue gas leaving the heat storage medium heater can be controlled by adjusting the flow of the heat storage medium, so that the temperature of the flue gas can be accurately adjusted.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the heat storage medium used in the heat storage system is a single-phase flowing medium such as molten salt, so that single-phase flow in the heat exchanger is ensured, and system safety and stability are improved.
As a preferred embodiment of the invention, the flue gas temperature of the flue of the boiler (1) where the second heat storage medium heater (18) is located is between 550 ℃ and 700 ℃; the steam temperature of the steam inlet of the first heat storage medium heater 17 is between 525 ℃ and 650 ℃, and the advantages are as follows: ensuring that the heat storage medium can absorb enough high-grade energy.
As shown in fig. 1, when a coal-fired power generating unit operates at a low load, an outlet regulating valve 14 of a cold heat storage medium tank is opened, a cold heat storage medium pump 15 is started, the flow of a heat storage medium flowing out of the cold heat storage medium tank 13 is regulated by the cold heat storage medium pump 15, the flow of heat storage media entering a first heat storage medium heater 17 and a second heat storage medium heater 18 is regulated by an inlet regulating valve 16 of the first heat storage medium heater, a main steam flow dividing valve 12 is opened, the flow of steam flowing into the first heat storage medium heater 17 is regulated by the main steam flow dividing valve 12, and the regulation targets are as follows: under the condition of ensuring stable combustion of the boiler, the extremely-low load operation of the coal-fired generator set is realized, and the temperature of flue gas at the outlet of the boiler is reduced; the heat storage medium enters a first heat storage medium heater 17 to exchange heat with high-temperature steam, the heat storage medium enters a second heat storage medium heater 18 to exchange heat with high-temperature flue gas, the heated heat storage medium flows into a heat storage medium tank 20, the steam flowing into the first heat storage medium heater 17 releases heat and then enters a feed water preheater 19 through a pipeline, and the steam further exchanges heat with hydraulic medium flowing out of a high-pressure heater 10 and then flows into a steam inlet of a condenser 5 through a pipeline; when the coal-fired power generating set needs to rapidly increase the load to operate, the outlet regulating valve 21 of the heat storage medium tank is opened, the heat storage medium pump 22 is started, the flow of the heat storage medium flowing out of the heat storage medium tank 20 is regulated through the heat storage medium pump 22, the high pressure water supply bypass regulating valve 25 is opened, the low pressure water supply bypass regulating valve 27 is opened, the heat storage medium enters the heat storage medium and exchanges heat with the high pressure water supply heat exchanger 23 and the water medium and then flows into the cold heat storage medium tank 13, the heated water medium flows into the boiler 1, the inlet regulating valve 24 of the heat storage medium and water supply heat exchanger is opened, so that the heat storage medium enters the heat storage medium and low pressure water supply heat exchanger 26 to exchange heat with the water medium and then flows into the cold heat storage medium tank 13, the heated water medium flows into the deaerator 8, the flow of the water medium entering the heat storage medium and high pressure water supply heat exchanger 23 is regulated through the opening of the outlet regulating valve 11 of the high pressure heater and the opening of the high pressure water supply bypass regulating valve 25, the flow of the water working medium entering the heat storage medium and low feed water heat exchanger 26 is adjusted by the opening degree of the low feed water bypass adjusting valve 27, and the adjusting targets are as follows: the steam amount flowing into the turbine is rapidly increased, and the load change rate of the coal-fired generator set is improved.
The invention arranges heat storage medium heaters in the boiler flue and at the side of the steam turbine, adjusts the flow of the heat storage medium entering the heat storage medium heaters through a heat storage medium pump, and absorbs the heat of the boiler flue gas and the steam of the steam turbine; the invention adopts the heat storage system additionally arranged in the coal-fired power generating set, the lowest load of the boiler and the steam turbine is matched through the adjustment of the heat storage medium, the strong coupling between the boiler and the generator is broken, when the coal-fired power generating set requires extremely low load operation, the flow of the heat storage medium, the flow of high-temperature flue gas and the flow of high-temperature steam entering the heat storage medium heater are adjusted, the heat of the boiler flue gas and the steam of the steam turbine is synchronously absorbed, the decoupling of the generator and the generator is realized, the low-load operation capacity of the power generating set is greatly improved, the exhaust temperature of the boiler is reduced, the energy loss of the boiler is reduced, and the economy of the coal-fired power generating set is improved. In addition, the flow of the water working medium entering the heat storage medium and the water supply heat exchanger is adjusted through the high-feeding water bypass adjusting valve and the low-feeding water bypass adjusting valve, and the heat is exchanged with the heat storage medium outside the unit, so that the steam extraction amount of the steam turbine is reduced, and the variable load performance of the coal-fired generator unit is improved. The invention can solve the problems of insufficient low-load operation capacity, low boiler energy efficiency and poor load-changing capacity of the coal-fired generator set when the coal-fired generator set participates in peak shaving and frequency modulation of a power grid.
Claims (5)
1. A coal-fired boiler flue gas and steam combined heat storage deep peak regulation system is characterized by comprising a coal-fired generator set thermal system and a heat storage system coupled with the coal-fired generator set thermal system,
the thermodynamic system of the coal-fired power generating set comprises a boiler (1), a steam turbine high-pressure cylinder (2), a steam turbine intermediate-pressure cylinder (3), a steam turbine low-pressure cylinder (4), a condenser (5), a condensate pump (6), a low-pressure heater (7), a deaerator (8), a water feed pump (9), a high-pressure heater (10), a high-pressure heater outlet regulating valve (11) and a main steam flow dividing valve (12), wherein a second heat storage medium heater (18) is arranged in a flue of the boiler (1); the superheated steam outlet of the boiler (1) is communicated with the steam inlet of the steam turbine high-pressure cylinder (2) through a pipeline; the water medium inlet of the boiler (1) is communicated with the water medium outlet of the high-pressure heater (10) through a high-pressure heater outlet regulating valve (11); the steam extraction outlet of the steam turbine high-pressure cylinder (2) is connected with the steam inlet of the high-pressure heater (10) through a pipeline, and the steam outlet of the steam turbine high-pressure cylinder (2) is communicated with the steam inlet of the steam turbine intermediate-pressure cylinder (3) through a boiler (1); a first-stage steam extraction outlet of the turbine intermediate pressure cylinder (3) is communicated with a steam inlet of the high-pressure heater (10) through a pipeline, and a second-stage steam extraction outlet is connected with a steam inlet of the deaerator (8) through a pipeline; the steam outlet of the turbine intermediate pressure cylinder (3) is communicated with the steam inlet of the turbine low pressure cylinder (4) through a pipeline; the steam extraction outlet of the steam turbine low-pressure cylinder (4) is communicated with the steam inlet of the low-pressure heater (7) through a pipeline, and the steam outlet of the steam turbine low-pressure cylinder (4) is communicated with the air inlet of the condenser (5) through a pipeline; a water medium outlet of the condenser (5) is communicated with a water medium inlet of the low-pressure heater (7) through a condensate pump (6); the water medium outlet of the low-pressure heater (7) is communicated with the water medium inlet of the deaerator (8); the water medium outlet of the deaerator (8) is communicated with the water medium inlet of the high-pressure heater (10) through a water feeding pump (9);
the heat storage system comprises a cold heat storage medium tank (13), a cold heat storage medium tank outlet regulating valve (14), a cold heat storage medium pump (15), a first heat storage medium heater inlet regulating valve (16), a first heat storage medium heater (17), a second heat storage medium heater (18), a water supply preheater (19), a heat storage medium tank (20), a heat storage medium tank outlet regulating valve (21), a heat storage medium pump (22), a heat storage medium and high-pressure water supply heat exchanger (23), a heat storage medium and water supply heat exchanger inlet regulating valve (24), a high-pressure water supply bypass regulating valve (25), a heat storage medium and low-pressure water supply heat exchanger (26) and a low-pressure water supply bypass regulating valve (27); a heat storage medium inlet of the first heat storage medium heater (17) is communicated with a heat storage medium outlet of the cold heat storage medium tank (13) through a first heat storage medium heater inlet adjusting valve (16), a cold heat storage medium pump (15) and a cold heat storage medium adjusting valve (14), and a steam inlet of the first heat storage medium heater (17) is communicated with a superheated steam outlet of the boiler (1) through a main steam flow dividing valve (12); the heat storage medium outlet of the first heat storage medium heater (17) is communicated with the heat storage medium tank (20) through a pipeline; the steam outlet of the first heat storage medium heater (17) is communicated with the steam inlet of the feed water preheater (19) through a pipeline; a steam outlet of the feed water preheater (19) is communicated with a steam inlet of the condenser (5) through a pipeline; a water working medium inlet of the feed water preheater (19) is connected with a water working medium outlet of the high pressure heater heat exchanger (10) through a high pressure heater outlet regulating valve (11); the water medium outlet of the feed water preheater (19) is connected with the water medium inlet of the boiler (1) through a pipeline; the heat storage medium inlet of the second heat storage medium heater (18) is communicated with the cold heat storage medium tank (13) through a cold heat storage medium pump (15) and a cold heat storage medium regulating valve (14); the heat storage medium outlet of the second heat storage medium heater (18) is communicated with the heat storage medium tank (20) through a pipeline; the heat storage medium inlet of the heat storage medium and high-pressure feed water heat exchanger (23) is communicated with the heat storage medium tank (20) through a heat storage medium pump (22) and a heat storage medium tank outlet regulating valve (21); the heat storage medium outlet of the heat storage medium and high-pressure feed water heat exchanger (23) is communicated with the heat storage medium inlet of the cold heat storage medium tank (13) through a pipeline; the heat storage medium and a water working medium inlet of the high-pressure feed water heat exchanger (23) are connected with a water working medium outlet of a feed water pump (9) through a high-pressure feed water bypass regulating valve (25); the water medium outlet of the heat storage medium and high-pressure feed water heat exchanger (23) is communicated with the water medium inlet of the feed water preheater (19) through a pipeline; the heat storage medium inlet of the heat storage medium and low-feed water heat exchanger (26) is communicated with the heat storage medium inlet of the heat storage medium and high-feed water heat exchanger (23) through a heat storage medium and feed water heat exchanger inlet regulating valve (24); the heat storage medium outlet of the heat storage medium and low-feed water heat exchanger (26) is communicated with the heat storage medium inlet of the cold heat storage medium tank (13) through a pipeline; the heat storage medium and the water medium inlet of the low feed water heat exchanger (26) are connected with the water medium outlet of the condensate pump (6) through a low feed water bypass regulating valve (27); the water medium outlet of the heat storage medium and low-feed water heat exchanger (26) is communicated with the water medium inlet of the deaerator (8) through a pipeline.
2. The coal-fired boiler flue gas and steam combined heat storage deep peak shaving system of claim 1, characterized in that: the second heat storage medium heater (18) is arranged in the boiler (1), and a superheater, a reheater and the second heat storage medium heater (18) are arranged in parallel by adopting a three-flue configuration, or the second heat storage medium heater (18) and the superheater or the reheater are arranged in series.
3. The coal-fired boiler flue gas and steam combined heat storage deep peak shaving system of claim 1, characterized in that: the heat storage medium used by the heat storage system is a molten salt single-phase flowing medium.
4. The coal-fired boiler high-temperature flue gas and steam combined heat storage deep peak shaving system as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: the temperature of the flue gas at the flue of the boiler (1) where the second heat storage medium heater (18) is located is more than 400 ℃; the steam temperature of the steam inlet of the first heat storage medium heater (17) is greater than 400 ℃.
5. The operation method of the coal-fired boiler flue gas and steam combined heat storage deep peak shaving system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: when the coal-fired generating set runs with the low-load, open cold heat-storage medium jar export governing valve (14), start cold heat-storage medium pump (15), adjust the heat-storage medium flow of flowing out cold heat-storage medium jar (13) through cold heat-storage medium pump (15), adjust the heat-storage medium inlet flow who gets into first heat-storage medium heater (17) and second heat-storage medium heater (18) through first heat-storage medium heater inlet governing valve (16), open main steam flow divider valve (12), adjust the steam flow who flows into first heat-storage medium heater (17) through main steam flow divider valve (12), the regulation target is: under the condition of ensuring stable combustion of the boiler, the extremely low load operation of the coal-fired generator set is realized, and the temperature of the flue gas at the outlet of the boiler is reduced; the heat storage medium enters a first heat storage medium heater (17) to exchange heat with high-temperature steam, the heat storage medium enters a second heat storage medium heater (18) to exchange heat with high-temperature flue gas, the heated heat storage medium flows into a heat storage medium tank (20), the steam flowing into the first heat storage medium heater (17) releases heat and then enters a feed water preheater (19) through a pipeline, and the steam further exchanges heat with hydraulic medium flowing out of a high-pressure heater (10) and then flows into a steam inlet of a condenser (5) through a pipeline; when the coal-fired generator set needs to rapidly increase the load to operate, an outlet adjusting valve (21) of a heat storage medium tank is opened, a heat storage medium pump (22) is started, the flow of a heat storage medium flowing out of a heat storage medium tank (20) is adjusted through the heat storage medium pump (22), a high-pressure water supply bypass adjusting valve (25) is opened, a low-pressure water supply bypass adjusting valve (27) is opened, the heat storage medium enters a heat storage medium and high-pressure water supply heat exchanger (23) to exchange heat with a water medium and then flows into a cold heat storage medium tank (13), the heated water medium flows into a boiler (1), an inlet adjusting valve (24) of the heat storage medium and water supply heat exchanger is opened to enable the heat storage medium to enter a heat storage medium and low-pressure water supply heat exchanger (26) to exchange heat with the heat storage medium and then flows into a cold heat storage medium tank (13), the heated water medium flows into a deaerator (8), and the heat storage medium and the medium and high-pressure water supply bypass adjusting valve (25) are adjusted through the opening of an outlet adjusting valve (11) of a high-pressure heater and the opening of the high-pressure water supply bypass adjusting valve (25) The flow of the water working medium of the high feed water heat exchanger (23) is adjusted by the opening of the low feed water bypass adjusting valve (27) to enter the heat storage medium and the low feed water heat exchanger (26), and the adjusting target is as follows: the steam amount flowing into the turbine is rapidly increased, and the load change rate of the coal-fired generator set is improved.
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