CN113264925A - 一种杂环化合物及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents
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Classifications
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种杂环化合物及其制备方法和用途。本发明提供了一种如式I所示的杂环化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。该化合物具有抑制PU.1活性,可抑制基于肝细胞的PU.1依赖的转录活性以及抑制纤维化发展。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种杂环化合物及其制备方法和用途。
背景技术
PU.1(Spleen focus forming virus(SFFV)proviral integration oncogene,SPI-1)转录因子是保守的DNA结合蛋白ETS(E26 transformation-specific)转录调控因子家族成员,因其DNA结合区识别共有序列GAGGAA,故该区又称ETS结合区或PU.1box。PU.1作为转录因子目前已经确认110多个直接靶基因,研究发现这些基因表达的蛋白中有20%位于细胞核内,19%位于细胞质,61%位于细胞膜表面及细胞之间(Arch Immunol Ther Exp(Warsz).,2011,59(6),431-440)。进一步分析证明PU.1的作用主要是参与细胞间信号的调节,同时也参与血浆膜蛋白下游信号的传导,而受PU.1调控的许多核内蛋白本身就是重要的转录因子。PU.1能够通过多个层面调控下游基因网络,其功能大致分为3类:I.调节抗体、受体及补体的表达;II.调节免疫细胞增殖及分化;III.调节炎症相关细胞因子及效应酶类的表达。近年来的研究表明,PU.1在多个病理过程中起着重要的作用。
PU.1对纤维化的形成和发展起着重要的调控作用。在诸如系统性硬化病之类的纤维化疾病中,结缔组织细胞的过度激活导致组织硬化和受影响器官内的瘢痕形成。机制上,这些疾病可以影响体内所有器官系统,并且经常导致器官功能的破坏和损伤。结缔组织细胞在健康个体的正常伤口愈合中起关键作用;然而如果结缔组织细胞的激活不能被关闭或者过度激活,纤维化疾病就会发生。在纤维化疾病的发展过程中,大量的基质出现沉积,从而导致受影响组织和器官形成瘢痕并进一步遭受功能损伤。研究发现,病理过程中PU.1在多种结缔组织中被激活,然后PU.1结合到结缔组织细胞中的DNA上,对它们进行重编程,从而导致瘢痕组织成分长时间沉积。在该过程中,有多种作用因子参与瘢痕组织的沉积,而PU.1在控制该过程的因子网络中起着核心作用。小鼠的体内实验表明,抑制PU.1不仅可以阻止小鼠多种组织和器官包括皮肤、肺部、肝脏的纤维化发展,还可以诱导已有的纤维化发生消退。在该实验中,小鼠的体重、疼痛和痛苦水平指标并没有明显的变化;而且在细胞水平上也没有发现造血障碍、造血干细胞和间充质干细胞改变、骨髓B细胞发育缺陷或胸腺内T细胞的变异等。这表明了通过抑制PU.1可能成为治疗纤维化疾病的有效方法(Nature,2019,566,344–349)。
PU.1参与调控淋巴系及髓系细胞的相关细胞因子及受体水平,使免疫细胞能够正常增殖及分化而维持免疫稳态。急性髓细胞性白血病(Acute myeloid leukemia,AML)是多能干细胞或已轻度分化的前体细胞核型发生突变所形成的一类疾病。这类疾病以骨髓与外周血中原始和幼稚髓性细胞异常增生为主要特征,临床表现为贫血、出血、感染和发热、脏器浸润、代谢异常等。除急性早幼粒细胞白血病外,多数病例病情急重并常危及生命。目前对于该类疾病的治疗仍以联合化疗为主,患者总的完全缓解率为50%~70%,而长期无病生存率仅为25%~30%。研究表明在AML中,FLT3-内部串联复制(FLT3-ITD、占总AML的24%)、RUNX1-ETO(占总AML的7%)和早幼粒细胞白血病(占总AML的13%)中的PU.1水平的表达水平显著下降;此外,在大约10%的MLL(Mixed Lineage Leukemia)重排AML中出现PU.1功能缺失的杂合突变或者PU.1缺失。在具有复杂核型的AML中,纯合性的PU.1的上游调控元件(Upstream regulatory elements,URE)中的单核苷酸点变体后,PU.1的表达水平降低。在对AML患者高纯化的干细胞的分析显示,至少40%的受检病例中PU.1水平降低(JClin Invest.,2017,127(12),4297-4313)。PU.1基因在人和小鼠中是高度保守的,科学家们可以通过基因工程小鼠分析PU.1在疾病发生的作用机制,实验显示,PU.1血液系统肿瘤的发生发展过程中,小鼠造血干细胞中PU.1表达缺失可导致造血干细胞同时向淋系造血祖细胞(Common lymphoid progenitor,CLP)和髓系造血祖细胞(Common myeloidprogenitor,CMP)向及其下游粒细胞巨噬细胞祖细胞(Granulocyte-macrophageprogenitors,GMP)分化障碍。利用基因敲除技术在小鼠体内把PU.1的上游重要调控元件URE删除可以使得的PU.1表达下调,导致AML发生。研究表明,PU.1在急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)也起着重要的作用,ALL属于儿童常见的恶性肿瘤,是一种起源于淋巴细胞系B系或者T系细胞的恶性肿瘤性疾病,其中T细胞型占ALL的15-25%(Nat Genet.,2017,49(8),1274-1281).
PU.1在炎症性疾病中起着重要的作用。科学家们通过等位基因敲除证实了PU.1在调节髓系细胞,尤其是巨噬细胞及中性粒细胞的分化中有关键的作用;认为PU.1在炎症反应的中心环节,对免疫功能的调节非常重要(Genes Dev,2011,25(2),101-106)。PU.1可以活化许多重要的炎症相关细胞因子及部分受体;例如参与IL-1b基因的启动,当细胞表面模式识别受体(Pattern recognition receptor,PPR)被病原体及危险信号激活后进一步活化下游炎症通路,最后激活NF-κB通路使得IL-1b前体最终成熟为IL-1b。PU.1还可以促进T淋巴细胞分泌IL-9;IL-9不但是重要的淋巴细胞生长因子,还与机体的过敏性炎症反应相关。除此之外,PU.1还参与调节其他重要炎症因子的表达包括TNF-α、IL-18及IL-12等(Biochem Biophys Res Commun.,2009,388(1),102-106;Blood,2011,118(19),5255-5266)。PU.1可以通过调控相关细胞因子、受体及结合素,而直接影响细胞的迁移及归巢。此类细胞因子包括趋化因子CCL3、CCL5、CXCL9及相关受体例如CXCR1。PU.1作为一个重要的转录因子也参与调控了阿兹海默症(Alzheimer disease,AD)的发病过程。染色质免疫共沉淀分析实验证明PU.1大量出现在中枢神经系统小神经胶质细胞以及血液骨髓细胞中,而且随着PU.1表达量的改变,与AD相关的致病基因的表达量也显著改变(Nat Neurosci.,2017,20(8):1052-1061)。
PPR参与了对病原微生物的识别、免疫功能活化及杀菌作用,是机体抗菌免疫的始动环节。PU.1参与了多种PPR的表达调控,包括dectin-1受体、甘露糖受体(MannoseReceptor,MR)、Toll样受体(Toll-like receptor,TLR)4、TLR9及TLR4共刺激因子MD-2(LY96)的表达调控等(J Biol Chem.,2009,284(39),26261-26272)。体外研究证实,沉默PU.1后dectin-1的mRNA水平下降63%,蛋白水平下降40%(Infect Immun.,2010,78,(3),1058-1065)。PU.1对dectin-1的调控是通过粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子(Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor,GM-CSF)/PU.1轴实现的。原有的或受dectin-1活化后产生的白三烯B4与其受体BLT1结合后引起Gai基因活化,使得GM-CSF表达增强,进而上调PU.1的表达水平。PU.1水平的上调使dectin-1基因的转录活性增强,从而上调了dectin-1受体的表达量及其反应性,表现为细胞对病原体识别吞噬、细胞因子分泌、中性粒细胞募集等能力增强,同时还产生白三烯B4,对这一过程形成正反馈调节(J Immunol.,2012,189(2),906-915)。在PU.1不足的情况下,髓系前体细胞内某些颗粒酶也处于低水平甚至不表达状态,如髓过氧化物酶(myeloperoxidase,MPO)、嗜中性粒细胞弹性酶(neutrophil elastase,NE)、蛋白水解酶3(proteinase3,PR3)和溶菌酶,这使得细胞吞噬杀灭病原体的能力明显下降。MPO参与攻击病原体细胞膜;NE、PR3则可以直接杀灭被吞噬的病原体;溶菌酶可以破坏病原体胞壁的完整性。已有研究发现,PU.1不但可以与其他转录因子共同作用于NE的启动子序列,促进NE的合成,还是调控PR3合成的主要因素(Oncogene,2002,21(21),3377-3390)。这表明了PU.1可能成为治疗这些传染类疾病的潜在作用靶点。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是为了克服现有的PU.1抑制剂不足的缺陷,而提供了一种杂环化合物及其制备方法和用途。本发明的化合物具有抑制PU.1活性,可抑制基于肝细胞的PU.1依赖的转录活性以及抑制纤维化发展。
本发明提供了一种如式I所示的杂环化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,
其中,R1a、R1b、R1c、R1d、R1e和R1f独立地为H、卤素或C1-C4烷基;
R2a、R2b、R2c和R2d独立地为H、OH、C1-C4烷基或C3-C6环烷基;
环A为苯基或6元杂芳基;所述的6元杂芳基中,杂原子选自N、O和S中的一种或多种,杂原子数为1~3个;所述的苯基和所述的6元杂芳基任选被一个或多个取代基R3a取代,所述的R3a独立地选自如下取代基:卤素或C1-C4烷基;当取代基为多个时,相同或不同;
环B为5-6元杂芳基、5-6元杂环烯基、C4-C6环烷基或5-6元杂环烷基;所述的5-6元杂芳基、所述的5-6元杂环烯基、所述的5-6元环烷基及所述的5-6元杂环烷基中,杂原子选自N、O、S、Se和Te中的一种或多种,杂原子数为1~3个;所述的5-6元杂芳基任选被一个或多个取代基R3b取代,所述的R3b独立地选自如下取代基:卤素或C1-C4烷基;所述的5-6元杂环烯基、所述的5-6元环烷基及所述的5-6元杂环烷基任选被一个或多个取代基R3c取代,所述的R3c独立地选自如下取代基:卤素、C1-C4烷基或O=(当为谐氢时);当取代基为多个时,相同或不同;
环C为苯基、5-6元杂芳基、5-10元环烷基、5-10元环烯基或5-10元杂环烷基;所述的5-6元杂芳基及所述的5-19元杂环烷基中,杂原子选自N、O和S中的一种或多种,杂原子数为1~3个;所述的苯基及所述的5-6元杂芳基任选被一个或多个取代基R3d取代,所述的R3d独立地选自如下取代基:卤素或C1-C4烷基;所述的5-10元环烷基、5-10元环烯基及5-10元杂环烷基任选被一个或多个取代基R3e取代,所述的R3e独立地选自如下取代基:卤素、C1-C4烷基或O=(当为谐氢时);当取代基为多个时,相同或不同;
Z1为连接键、亚甲基、C(=O)、N(Rf)、-N=、O或S;Z2为亚甲基、N(Rg)、-N=、O、S、Se或Te;Z3为N(Rh)、O、S、Se或Te;
Rf、Rg和Rh独立地为H或C1-C4烷基;
在本发明某些优选实施方案中,所述的如式I所示化合物中的某些基团如下定义(未定义的基团同本申请任一方案所述),
R1a、R1b、R1c、R1d、R1e和R1f独立地为H;
R2a、R2b、R2c和R2d独立地为H、OH、C1-C4烷基或C3-C6环烷基;
环A为苯基或6元杂芳基;
环B为5-6元杂芳基、5-6元杂环烯基、C4-C6环烷基或5-6元杂环烷基;所述的5-6元杂环烯基任选被一个或多个取代基R3c取代;
环C为苯基、5-10元环烷基、5-10元环烯基或5-10元杂环烷基;所述的苯基任选被一个或多个取代基R3d取代;所述的5-10元环烷基、5-10元环烯基及5-10元杂环烷基任选被一个或多个取代基R3e取代;
Z1为连接键、亚甲基、C(=O)、N(Rf)、-N=、O或S;Z2为N(Rg)、-N=、O、S或Se;Z3为NH、O、S或Se。
在本发明某些优选实施方案中,所述的如式I所示化合物中的某些基团如下定义(未定义的基团同本申请任一方案所述),
R1a、R1b、R1c、R1d、R1e和R1f独立地为H;
R2a、R2b、R2c和R2d独立地为H;
环A为苯基或6元杂芳基;
环B为5-6元杂芳基或5-6元杂环烯基;所述的5-6元杂环烯基任选被一个或多个取代基R3c取代;
环C为苯基、5-10元环烷基、5-10元环烯基或5-10元杂环烷基;所述的苯基任选被一个或多个取代基R3d取代;所述的5-10元环烷基、5-10元环烯基及5-10元杂环烷基任选被取代基R3e取代;
Z1为N(Rf)、O或S;Z2为O、S或Se;Z3为N(Rh)、O、S或Se。
在本发明某些优选实施方案中,所述的如式I所示化合物中的某些基团如下定义(未定义的基团同本申请任一方案所述),当R2a、R2b、R2c和R2d独立地为C1-C4烷基时,所述的C1-C4烷基为甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基或叔丁基;例如异丙基。
在本发明某些优选实施方案中,所述的如式I所示化合物中的某些基团如下定义(未定义的基团同本申请任一方案所述),当R2a、R2b、R2c和R2d独立地为C3-C6环烷基时,所述的C3-C6环烷基为环丙基、环丁基、环戊基及环己基;例如环丙基。
在本发明某些优选实施方案中,所述的如式I所示化合物中的某些基团如下定义(未定义的基团同本申请任一方案所述),当R2a和R2b、R2c和R2d独立地分别相连,并与其相连的共同形成5-6元杂环烯基时,所述的5-6元杂环烯基为
在本发明某些优选实施方案中,所述的如式I所示化合物中的某些基团如下定义(未定义的基团同本申请任一方案所述),当环A为6元杂芳基时,所述的6元杂芳基中,杂原子选自N,杂原子数为1~2个;例如(例如)、(例如)或(例如)。
在本发明某些优选实施方案中,所述的如式I所示化合物中的某些基团如下定义(未定义的基团同本申请任一方案所述),当B为5-6元杂芳基时,所述的5-6元杂芳基为(例如)、(例如)、(例如)、(例如)、(例如)、(例如)、(例如)、(例如)、(例如)、(例如)、(例如)或(例如)。
在本发明某些优选实施方案中,所述的如式I所示化合物中的某些基团如下定义(未定义的基团同本申请任一方案所述),当B为5-6元杂环烯基时,所述的5-6元杂环烯基中,杂原子选自N、O、和S中的一种或多种,杂原子数为1~2个;例如(例如)、(例如)、(例如)。
在本发明某些优选实施方案中,所述的如式I所示化合物中的某些基团如下定义(未定义的基团同本申请任一方案所述),当B为C4-C6环烷基时,所述的C4-C6环烷基为环丁基、环戊基或环己基,例如环己基。
在本发明某些优选实施方案中,所述的如式I所示化合物中的某些基团如下定义(未定义的基团同本申请任一方案所述),当B为5-6元杂环烷基时,所述的5-6元杂环烷基中,杂原子选自N、O、S和Se中的一种或多种,杂原子数为1~2个;例如(例如)、(例如)、(例如)、(例如)、(例如)、(例如)或(例如)。
在本发明某些优选实施方案中,所述的如式I所示化合物中的某些基团如下定义(未定义的基团同本申请任一方案所述),当环C为5-10元环烷基时,所述的5-10元环烷基为环丁基、环戊基或环己基,例如环己基。
在本发明某些优选实施方案中,所述的如式I所示化合物中的某些基团如下定义(未定义的基团同本申请任一方案所述),当环C为5-10元环烯基时,所述的5-10元环烯基为5-10元桥环环烯基,例如(a侧与并环连接)
在本发明某些优选实施方案中,所述的如式I所示化合物中的某些基团如下定义(未定义的基团同本申请任一方案所述),当环C为5-10元杂环烷基时,所述的5-10元杂环烷基为5-6元杂环烷基,其中,杂原子选自N、O和S中的一种或多种,杂原子数为1~2个;例如(a侧与并环连接)
在本发明某些优选实施方案中,所述的如式I所示化合物中的某些基团如下定义(未定义的基团同本申请任一方案所述),当R3d为卤素时,所述的卤素为氟、氯、溴或碘,例如氟或氯。
在本发明某些优选实施方案中,所述的如式I所示化合物中的某些基团如下定义(未定义的基团同本申请任一方案所述),当R3e为C1-C4烷基时,所述的C1-C4烷基为甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基或叔丁基;例如甲基。
在本发明某些优选实施方案中,所述的如式I所示化合物中的某些基团如下定义(未定义的基团同本申请任一方案所述),当Rf、Rg和Rh独立地为C1-C4烷基时,所述的C1-C4烷基为甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基或叔丁基;例如甲基。
在本发明某些优选实施方案中,所述的如式I所示化合物中的某些基团如下定义(未定义的基团同本申请任一方案所述),R1a、R1b、R1c、R1d、R1e和R1f独立地为H。
在本发明某些优选实施方案中,所述的如式I所示化合物中的某些基团如下定义(未定义的基团同本申请任一方案所述),X为环A为苯基或6元杂芳基;环B为5-6元杂芳基、5-6元杂环烯基、C4-C6环烷基或5-6元杂环烷基;
较佳地,环B为5-6元杂芳基或5-6元杂环烯基;所述的5-6元杂环烯基任选被一个或多个取代基R3c取代。
在本发明某些优选实施方案中,所述的如式I所示化合物中的某些基团如下定义(未定义的基团同本申请任一方案所述),R3c独立地选自如下取代基:C1-C4烷基或O=(当为谐氢时)。
在本发明某些优选实施方案中,所述的如式I所示化合物中的某些基团如下定义(未定义的基团同本申请任一方案所述),Z1为连接键、-CH2-、-C(=O)-、-N(Rf)-、-N=、O或S;较佳地,Z1为N(Rf)、O或S。
在本发明某些优选实施方案中,所述的如式I所示化合物中的某些基团如下定义(未定义的基团同本申请任一方案所述),Z2为-CH2-、-N(Rg)-、-N=、O、S、Se或Te;较佳地,Z2为O、S或Se。
在本发明某些优选实施方案中,所述的如式I所示化合物中的某些基团如下定义(未定义的基团同本申请任一方案所述),Z1为连接键、-CH2-、-C(=O)-、-N(Rf)-、-N=、O或S;Z2为-CH2-、-N(Rg)-、-N=、O、S、Se或Te;较佳地,Z1为N(Rf)、O或S;和/或,Z2为O、S或Se。
在本发明某些优选实施方案中,所述的如式I所示化合物中的某些基团如下定义(未定义的基团同本申请任一方案所述),Rf为H或C1-C4烷基。
在本发明某些优选实施方案中,所述的如式I所示化合物中的某些基团如下定义(未定义的基团同本申请任一方案所述),Rg为H。
在本发明某些优选实施方案中,所述的如式I所示化合物中的某些基团如下定义(未定义的基团同本申请任一方案所述),Z3为N(Rh)、O、S或Se;环C为苯基、5-10元环烷基、5-10元环烯基或5-10元杂环烷基;所述的苯基任选被一个或多个取代基R3d取代;所述的5-10元环烷基、5-10元环烯基及5-10元杂环烷基任选被一个或多个取代基R3e取代。
在本发明某些优选实施方案中,所述的如式I所示化合物中的某些基团如下定义(未定义的基团同本申请任一方案所述),Z3为N(Rh)、O、S或Se。
在本发明某些优选实施方案中,所述的如式I所示化合物中的某些基团如下定义(未定义的基团同本申请任一方案所述),环C为苯基、5-10元环烷基、5-10元环烯基或5-10元杂环烷基。
在本发明某些优选实施方案中,所述的如式I所示化合物中的某些基团如下定义(未定义的基团同本申请任一方案所述),Rh为H。
在本发明某些优选实施方案中,所述的如式I所示化合物中的某些基团如下定义(未定义的基团同本申请任一方案所述),R3d为卤素。
在本发明某些优选实施方案中,所述的如式I所示化合物中的某些基团如下定义(未定义的基团同本申请任一方案所述),R3e为C1-C4烷基。
在本发明某些优选实施方案中,所述的如式I所示的杂环化合物选自如下化合物:
在本发明的某一方案中,所述的如式I所示的杂环化合物的药学上可接受的盐选自如下化合物:
本发明中,所述的如式I所示的杂环化合物或其药学上可接受的盐可能具有一个或多个手性碳原子,因此可以分离得到光学纯度异构体,例如纯的对映异构体,或者外消旋体,或者混合异构体。可以通过本领域的分离方法来获得纯的单一异构体,如手性结晶成盐,或者手性制备柱分离得到。
本发明中,所述的如式I所示的杂环化合物或其药学上可接受的盐可以以晶型或无定型的形式存在。术语“晶型”是指其中的离子或分子是按照一种确定的方式在三维空间作严格周期性排列,并具有间隔一定距离周期重复出现规律;因上述周期性排列的不同,可存在多种晶型,也即多晶型现象。术语“无定型”是指其中的离子或分子呈现杂乱无章的分布状态,即离子、分子间不具有周期性排列规律。
本发明中,所述的如式I所示的杂环化合物或其药学上可接受的盐如存在立体异构体,则可以以单一的立体异构体或它们的混合物(例如外消旋体)的形式存在。术语“立体异构体”是指顺反异构体或旋光异构体。这些立体异构体可以通过不对称合成方法或手性分离法(包括但不限于薄层色谱、旋转色谱、柱色谱、气相色谱、高压液相色谱等)分离、纯化及富集,还可以通过与其它手性化合物成键(化学结合等)或成盐(物理结合等)等方式进行手性拆分获得。术语“单一的立体异构体”是指本发明化合物的一种立体异构体相对于该化合物的所有立体异构体的质量含量不低于95%。
本发明中,所述的如式I所示的杂环化合物或其药学上可接受的盐如存在互变异构体,则可以以单一的互变异构体或它们的混合物的形式存在,较佳地以较稳定的互变异构体为主的形式存在。
本发明还包括同位素标记的本发明所述的如式I所示的杂环化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其中一个或多个原子被一个或多个具有特定原子质量或质量数的原子取代。可以掺入本发明化合物中的同位素的实例包括但不限于氢,碳,氮,氧,氟,硫和氯的同位素(例如2H,3H,13C,14C,15N,18O,17O,18F,35S和36Cl)。同位素标记的本发明化合物可用于化合物及其前药和代谢物的组织分布的测定;用于此类测定的优选同位素包括3H和14C。此外,在某些情况下,用较重的同位素(例如氘(2H或D))取代可以提供增加的代谢稳定性,这提供了治疗优势,例如增加的体内半衰期或减少的剂量需求。
本发明的同位素标记的化合物通常可以根据本文所述的方法通过用同位素标记的试剂取代非同位素标记的试剂来制备。
本发明中,所述的如式I所示的杂环化合物或其药学上可接受的盐可通过包括与化学领域公知方法相似的方法合成,其步骤和条件可参考本领域类似反应的步骤和条件,特别是根据本文说明进行合成。起始原料通常是来自商业来源,例如Aldrich或可使用本领域技术人员公知的方法(通过SciFinder、Reaxys联机数据库得到)容易地制备。
本发明中,所述的如式I所示的杂环化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,也可以通过已制备得到的所述的如式I所示的杂环化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,采用本领域常规方法,经外周修饰进而得到其他所述的如式I所示的杂环化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
用于制备如式I所示的杂环化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的必要原料或试剂可以商购获得,或者通过本领域已知的合成方法制备。如下实验部分所描述的方法,可以制备游离碱或者其加酸所成盐的本发明的化合物。术语药学上可接受的盐指的是本文所定义的药学上可接受的盐,并且具有母体化合物所有的药学活性。药学上可接受的盐可以通过在有机碱的合适的有机溶剂中加入相应的酸,根据常规方法处理来制备药学上可接受的盐。
成盐实例包括:与无机酸成盐,如盐酸、氢溴酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸;和有机酸所形成的盐,如醋酸、苯磺酸、苯甲酸、樟脑磺酸、柃檬酸、乙磺酸、富马酸、葡庚糖酸、谷氨酸、乙醇酸、羟基萘甲酸、2-羟基乙磺酸、乳酸、马来酸、苹果酸、草酸、丙酮酸、丙二酸、扁桃酸、甲磺酸、黏糠酸、2-萘磺酸、丙酸、水杨酸、琥铂酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、肉桂酸、对甲苯磺酸或三甲基乙酸。
本发明还提供了一种如上所述的如式I所示的杂环化合物的制备方法,当R1a和R1d、R1b和R1e相同、R1c和R1f相同、R2a和R2c相同、R2b和R2d相同时,其包括如下步骤:
在溶剂中,在苯醌存在下,将如式II所示的化合物与如式III所示的化合物进行如下所示的加成反应,得到如式I所示的杂环化合物即可;
其中,R1a、R1b、R1c、R2a、R2b和X的定义如前所述。
所述的如式I所示的杂环化合物的制备方法中,所示的加成反应的条件和操作可为本领域该类反应中常规的条件和操作;本发明中优选如下:
其中,所述的溶剂可为醇类溶剂(例如乙醇)。所述的溶剂的用量以不影响反应即可,例如所示的如式II所示的化合物与所述的溶剂的摩尔体积比为0.01-0.1mol/L(例如0.05 mol/L)。
所述的如式II所示的化合物与所述的如式III所示的化合物的摩尔比值为2-2.2(例如2-2.1)。
所述的苯醌与所述的如式II所示的化合物的摩尔比值为1-1.2(例如1-1.1)。
所述的加成反应较佳地在气体保护下进行;所述的气体可为氩气和/或氮气。
所述的加成反应的温度可为60℃-90℃(例如78℃-80℃)。
所述加成反应的进程可采用本领域中的常规监测方法(例如TLC、HPLC或NMR)进行检测,一般以所述的如式II所示的化合物消失或不再反应时作为反应终点。所述的反应时间可为1-48小时,例如12-30小时。
所述的制备方法还可包括后处理;所述的后处理可包括如下步骤:所述的加成反应结束后,加入有机溶剂,析出固体,得到所述的如式I所示的杂环化合物即可。
本发明还提供了一种药物组合物,其包含上述如式I所示的杂环化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,和药学上可接受的载体。所述的如式I所示杂环化合物或其药学上可接受的盐可为治疗有效量。
本发明还提供了一种上述如式I所示杂环化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、上述的药物组合物或者如下所示的化合物80或其盐在制备PU.1抑制剂中的应用;
本发明还提供了一种上述如式I所示杂环化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、上述的药物组合物或者如下所示的化合物80或其盐在制备预防和/或治疗与PU.1相关疾病的药物中的应用。所述的与PU.1相关疾病优选肿瘤、纤维化疾病、炎性疾病及自身免疫性疾病、传染性疾病,肠源性内毒素血症和神经退行性疾病中的一种或多种;
本发明还提供了一种上述如式I所示杂环化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、上述的药物组合物或者如下所示的化合物80或其盐在制备药物中的应用。所述的药物优选预防和/或治疗肿瘤、纤维化疾病、炎性疾病及自身免疫性疾病、传染性疾病,肠源性内毒素血症和神经退行性疾病中的一种或多种的药物;
本发明还提供了一种治疗肿瘤、纤维化疾病、炎性疾病及自身免疫性疾病、传染性疾病,肠源性内毒素血症和神经退行性疾病中的一种或多种的方法,其包括向患者施用治疗有效量的上述如式I所示杂环化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、上述的药物组合物或者如下所示的化合物80或其盐;
上述的肿瘤包括但不限于:肺癌、结肠癌、直肠癌、乳腺癌、前列腺癌、肝癌、胰腺癌、脑癌、肾癌、卵巢癌、胃癌、皮肤癌、骨癌、神经胶质瘤、胶质母细胞瘤、肝细胞癌、乳头状肾癌、头颈癌、白血病、淋巴瘤、骨髓瘤、多发性骨髓瘤等实体肿瘤和血液肿瘤;特别是急性淋巴细胞白血病和急性髓细胞白血病和骨癌。
上述的纤维化疾病包括但不限于:系统性硬化症(皮肤硬皮病和扩散性皮肤硬皮病){systemic sclerosis(Iímíted cutaneous scleroderma and díffuse cutaneousscleroderma)},肺纤维化(pulmonary fibrosis),肾纤维化,肝硬化(hepaticcirrhosis),非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(non-alcoholic steatohepatitis,NASH),酒精性脂肪性肝炎(alcoholic steatohepatitis),非酒精性脂肪性肝病(non-alcoholic fattyliver disease,NAFLO),肾纤维化(renal fibrosis),肾小管间质纤维化(tubulointerstitial fibrosis),肾小球硬化(glomerulosclerosis),血管硬化(vascular sclerosis),慢性移植物抗宿主病(chronic graft-versus host disease),克罗恩病(Crohn's disease),溃疡性结肠炎(colitis ulcerosa),胶原性结肠炎(collagenous colitis),关节炎(arthrofibrosis),骨髓纤维化(myelofibrosis),输尿管病(Oupuytren's disease),肾源性系统性纤维化(nephrogenic systemic fibrosis),动脉粥样硬化(atherosclerosis),再狭窄(restenosis),心脏纤维化(cardiac fibrosis),肺动脉高压(pulmonary hypertension),肌肉纤维化(muscle fibrosis),骨质疏松症(osteoporosis),瘢痕过多(excessive scarring),瘢痕和肥厚性瘢痕形成(keloid andhypertrophic scar development),硬斑病或局限性硬皮病(morphea),黄斑变性(maculardegeneration),视网膜和玻璃体视网膜病(retinal and vitreal retinopathy)以及眼部瘢痕形成(ocular scarring),特别是特发性肺纤维化。
上述的自身免疫性疾病及炎性疾病包括但不限于:类风湿性关节炎、骨关节炎、类风湿性脊椎炎、牛皮癣、缺血后灌注损伤、接触性皮炎(contact dermatitis),炎性肠病(inflammatory bowel disease),巨细胞性动脉炎(giant cell arteritis),慢性炎性肺病(rheumatoid arthritis)、湿疹、哮喘(asthma)、银屑病、溃疡性结肠炎、急性呼吸窘迫综合症、银屑病关节炎、感染性关节炎、进行性慢性关节炎、变形性关节炎、股性关节炎、创伤性关节炎、痛风性关节炎、赖特尔氏综合征、多软骨炎、急性滑膜炎和脊柱炎、血管球性肾炎、溶血性贫血、再生障碍性贫血、特发性血小板减少症、嗜中性粒细胞减少症、溃疡性结肠炎、克罗恩病、移植物抗宿主症、同种异体移植物排斥反应、慢性甲状腺炎、格雷夫斯病、硬皮病、活动性肝炎、原发性胆汁性肝硬化、重症肌无力、多发性硬化症、系统性红斑狼疮(systemic lupus)、过敏性皮炎、接触性皮炎、慢性肾功能不全、史-约综合症、特发性脂肪泻、肉状瘤病、格林-巴利综合症、急性髓细胞性白血病(acute myeloid leukemia),小儿麻痹(pediatric atropy),阿尔茨海默氏病(Alzheimer's disease)。
术语定义
本发明所述的“化合物”,可不包括所有立体异构体、几何异构体、互变异构体和同位素。
本发明所述的“化合物”,可包括所有立体异构体、几何异构体、互变异构体和同位素。
本发明所述的“化合物”如存在立体异构体,则可以以单一的立体异构体或它们的混合物(例如外消旋体)的形式存在。术语“立体异构体”是指顺反异构体或旋光异构体。这些立体异构体可以通过不对称合成方法或手性分离法(包括但不限于薄层色谱、旋转色谱、柱色谱、气相色谱、高压液相色谱等)分离、纯化及富集,还可以通过与其它手性化合物成键(化学结合等)或成盐(物理结合等)等方式进行手性拆分获得。术语“单一的立体异构体”是指本发明化合物的一种立体异构体相对于该化合物的所有立体异构体的质量含量不低于95%。
本发明所述的“化合物”如存在互变异构体,则可以以单一的互变异构体或它们的混合物的形式存在,较佳地以较稳定的互变异构体为主的形式存在,互变异构体形式来源于一个单键与相邻的双键交换并一起伴随一个质子的迁移。
本发明所述的“化合物”中的原子可以以其天然丰度或非天然丰度的形式存在。以氢原子为例,其天然丰度的形式是指其中约99.985%为氕、约0.015%为氘;其非天然丰度的形式是指其中约95%为氘。也即,术语“化合物”、“药学上可接受的盐”、“溶剂合物”和“药学上可接受的盐的溶剂合物”中的一个或多个原子可为以非天然丰度的形式存在的原子。
术语“药学上可接受的”是指盐、溶剂、辅料等一般无毒、安全,并且适合于患者使用。所述的“患者”优选哺乳动物,更优选为人类。
术语“药学上可接受的盐”是指本发明化合物与相对无毒的、药学上可接受的酸制备得到的盐。当本发明的化合物中含有相对碱性的官能团时,可以通过在纯的溶液或合适的惰性溶剂中用足够量的药学上可接受的酸与这类化合物的中性形式接触的方式获得酸加成盐。所述的药学上可接受的酸包括无机酸,所述无机酸包括但不限于:盐酸、氢溴酸、氢碘酸、硝酸、碳酸、碳酸氢根、磷酸、磷酸一氢根、磷酸二氢根、亚磷酸、硫酸、硫酸氢根等。所述的药学上可接受的酸包括有机酸,所述有机酸包括但不限于:乙酸、丙酸、草酸、异丁酸、马来酸、丙二酸、苯甲酸、琥珀酸、辛二酸、反丁烯二酸、乳酸、扁桃酸、邻苯二甲酸、苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、柠檬酸、水杨酸、酒石酸、甲磺酸、异烟酸、酸式柠檬酸、油酸、单宁酸、泛酸、酒石酸氢、抗坏血酸、龙胆酸、富马酸、葡糖酸、糖酸、甲酸、乙磺酸、双羟萘酸(即4,4’-亚甲基-双(3-羟基-2-萘甲酸))、氨基酸(例如谷氨酸、精氨酸)等。当本发明的化合物中含有相对碱性的官能团时,可以被转换成酸加成盐。具体可参见Berge et al.,"PharmaceuticalSalts",Journal of Pharmaceutical Science 66:1-19(1977)、或、Handbook ofPharmaceutical Salts:Properties,Selection,and Use(P.Heinrich Stahl andCamille G.Wermuth,ed.,Wiley-VCH,2002)。
“治疗”意味着对哺乳动物体内疾病的任何治疗,包括:(1)防止疾病,即造成临床疾病的症状不发展;(2)抑制疾病,即阻止临床症状的发展;(3)减轻疾病,即造成临床症状的消退。
“有效量”是指当向需要治疗的患者给予化合物时,其量足以(i)治疗相关疾病,(ii)减弱、改善或消除特定疾病或病症的一种或多种症状,或(iii)延迟本文所述的特定疾病或病症的一种或多种症状的发作。对应于该量的所述的如式I所示的杂环化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或者如上所述的药物组合物的量将根据例如特定化合物、疾病状况及其严重性、需要治疗的患者的特征(例如体重)等因素而变化,但是尽管如此仍然可以由本领域技术人员常规地确定。
本发明所述的“预防”是指获得或发生疾病或障碍的风险降低。
本发明所述的“药物组合物”,指一种或多种本发明的化合物或其盐与在本领域中通常接受的用于将生物活性化合物输送至有机体(例如人)的载体的制剂。药物组合物的目的是有利于对有机体给药输送。
术语“药学上可接受的载体”,指与活性成份共同给药的、且有利于活性成份给药的物质,包括但不限于国家食品药品监督管理局许可的可接受的用于人或动物(例如家畜)的任何助流剂、增甜剂、稀释剂、防腐剂、染料/着色剂、矫味增强剂、表面活性剂、润湿剂、分散剂、崩解剂、助悬剂、稳定剂、等渗剂、溶剂或乳化剂。例如包括但不限于碳酸钙、磷酸钙、各种糖和各类淀粉、纤维素衍生物、明胶、植物油和聚乙二醇。
本发明所述的药物组合物,可配制成固态、半固态、液态或气态制剂,如片剂、丸剂、胶囊剂、粉剂、颗粒剂、膏剂、乳剂、悬浮剂、溶液剂、栓剂、注射剂、吸入剂、凝胶剂、微球及气溶胶等等。
本发明所述的药物组合物,可以采用本领域熟知的方法制造,如常规的混合法、溶解法、制粒法、制糖衣药丸法、磨细法、乳化法、冷冻干燥法等。
本发明所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐或其药物组合物的给药途径,包括但不限于口服、直肠、透黏膜、经肠给药,或者局部、经皮、吸入、肠胃外、舌下、阴道内、鼻内、眼内、腹膜内、肌内、皮下、静脉内给药。优选的给药途径是口服给药。
对于口服给药,可以通过将活性化合物与本领域熟知的药学上可接受的载体混合,来配制该药物组合物。这些载体能使本发明的化合物被配制成片剂、丸剂、锭剂、糖衣剂、胶囊剂、液体、凝胶剂、浆剂、悬浮剂等,以用于对患者的口服给药。例如,用于口服给药的药物组合物,可采用如下方式获得片剂:将活性成分与一种或多种固体载体合并,如果需要将所得混合物制粒,并且如果需要加入少量的赋形剂加工成混合物或颗粒,以形成片剂或片芯。片芯可与任选适合肠溶的包衣材料结合,加工成更有利于有机体(例如人)吸收的包衣制剂形式。
除非另外说明,应当应用本文所使用的下列定义。出于本发明的目的,化学元素与元素周期表CAS版,和《化学和物理手册》,第75版,1994一致。此外,有机化学一般原理可参考"Organic Chemistry",Thomas Sorrell,University Science Books,Sausalito:1999,和"March's Advanced Organic Chemistry”by Michael B.Smith and Jerry March,JohnWiley&Sons,New York:2007中的描述,其全部内容通过引用并入本文。
在本说明书中,可由本领域技术人员选择基团及其取代基以提供稳定的结构部分和化合物。当通过从左向右书写的常规化学式描述取代基时,该取代基也同样包括从右向左书写结构式时所得到的在化学上等同的取代基。
在本文中定义的某些化学基团前面通过简化符号来表示该基团中存在的碳原子总数。例如,C1-C6烷基是指具有总共1、2、3、4、5或6个碳原子的如下文所定义的烷基。简化符号中的碳原子总数不包括可能存在于所述基团的取代基中的碳。
在本文中,取代基中定义的数值范围如0至4、1-4、1至3等表明该范围内的整数,如1-6为1、2、3、4、5、6。
除前述以外,当用于本申请的说明书及权利要求书中时,除非另外特别指明,否则以下术语具有如下所示的含义。
术语“包括”为开放式表达,即包括本发明所指明的内容,但并不排除其他方面的内容。
术语“被取代的”是指特定原子上的任意一个或多个氢原子被取代基取代,包括重氢和氢的变体,只要特定原子的价态是正常的并且取代后的化合物是稳定的。
一般而言,术语“取代的”表示所给结构中的一个或多个氢原子被具体取代基所取代。进一步地,当该基团被1个以上所述取代基取代时,所述取代基之间是相互独立,即,所述的1个以上的取代基可以是互不相同的,也可以是相同的。除非其他方面表明,一个取代基团可以在被取代基团的各个可取代的位置进行取代。当所给出的结构式中不只一个位置能被选自具体基团的一个或多个取代基所取代,那么取代基可以相同或不同地在各个位置取代。
在本说明书的各部分,本发明公开化合物的取代基按照基团种类或范围公开。特别指出,本发明包括这些基团种类和范围的各个成员的每一个独立的次级组合。例如,术语“C1~C6烷基”或“C1~C6烷基”特别指独立公开的甲基、乙基、C3烷基、C4烷基、C5烷基和C6烷基;“C1-4烷基”特指独立公开的甲基、乙基、C3烷基(即丙基,包括正丙基和异丙基)、C4烷基(即丁基,包括正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基和叔丁基)。
术语“卤素”是指氟、氯、溴或碘,优选氟或氯。
术语“烷基”,指由碳原子和氢原子组成的直链或支链的饱和的脂族烃基。例如C1-C20烷基,优选为C1-C6烷基,例如甲基、乙基、丙基(包括正丙基和异丙基)、丁基(包括正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基或叔丁基)、戊基(包括正戊基、异戊基、新戊基)、正己基、2-甲基己基等。
术语“环烷基”,指仅由碳原子和氢原子组成的饱和的单环或者多环碳环取代基,且其可经由任何适宜的碳原子通过单键与分子的其余部分连接;当为多环时,可为并环连接、桥环连接或螺环连接(即,碳原子上的两个偕氢被亚烷基取代)的并环体系、桥环体系或螺环体系。在某一方案中,典型的单环环烷基,如环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、或环己基。
术语“环烯基”,指含不饱和双键的单环或者多环碳环取代基,且其可经由任何适宜的碳原子通过单键与分子的其余部分连接;当为多环时,可为并环连接、桥环连接或螺环连接(即,碳原子上的两个偕氢被亚烷基取代)的并环体系、桥环体系或螺环体系。在某一方案中,典型的桥环环烯基,例如。
术语“杂环烷基”,指具有杂原子的饱和的环状基团,含1个或多个独立选自N、O、S、Se和Te的杂原子,其余为碳组成的稳定的3-10元饱和杂环系统的基团。除非本说明书中另外特别指明,否则杂环烷基基团可以是单环的(“单环的杂环烷基”),或者是双环、三环或更多环的环体系,其可包括并环的(稠合的)、桥联的(桥环的)或螺的环系统(例如二环系统(“二环的杂环烷基”)。杂环烷基二环的环系统可以在一个或两个环中包括一个或多个杂原子;并且是饱和的。示例性3-元杂环基基团包括但不限于,氮杂环丙基、环氧乙烷基以及硫杂环丙烷基,或者其立体异构体;示例性4-元杂环基基团包括但不限于,氮杂环丁烷基,环氧丙烷基,硫杂环丁烷基,或者其同分异构体和立体异构体;示例性5-元杂环基基团包括但不限于,四氢呋喃基,四氢噻吩基,吡咯烷基,噻唑烷基,异噻唑烷基,噁唑烷基,异噁唑烷基,咪唑烷基,吡唑烷基,二氧戊环基,氧杂硫呋喃基,二硫呋喃基,或者其同分异构体和立体异构体。示例性6-元杂环基基团包括但不限于,哌啶基,四氢吡喃基,硫化环戊烷基,吗啉基,硫代吗啉基,二噻烷基,二噁烷基,哌嗪基,三嗪烷基,或者其同分异构体和立体异构体;示例性7-元杂环基基团包括但不限于,氮杂环庚烷基,氧杂环庚烷基,硫杂环庚烷基,以及二氮杂环庚基,或者其同分异构体和立体异构体。在某一方案中,典型的含1个或多个独立选自N、O、S、Se和Te的杂原子的5-6元单环杂环基,例如 在某一方案中,“杂环烷基”为5-6元杂环烷基,其中杂原子选自N、O和S中的一种或多种,杂原子数为1、2或3个。
术语“杂环烯基”,指具有杂原子、不饱和双键的环状基团,含1个或多个独立选自N、O、S、Se和Te的杂原子,,其余为碳组成的稳定的3-10元不饱和杂环系统的基团。除非本说明书中另外特别指明,否则杂环烯基基团可以是单环的(“单环的杂环烯基”),或者是双环、三环或更多环的环体系,其可包括并环的(稠合的)、桥联的(桥环的)或螺的环系统(例如二环系统(“二环的杂环烯基”)。杂环烯基二环的环系统可以在一个或两个环中包括一个或多个杂原子;并且至少一个环是含不饱和双键的。在某一方案中,典型地含1个或多个独立选自N、O、S、Se和Te的杂原子的5-6元单环杂环基,例如在某一方案中,“杂环烯基”为5-6元杂环烯基,其中杂原子选自N、O和S中的一种或多种,杂原子数为1、2或3个。
术语“芳基”,指具有完全共轭的π电子体系的全碳芳香基团,可为单环或稠合环,通常具有6-14个碳原子,优选具有6-12个碳原子,最优选具有6个碳原子。芳基的实例包括但不限于苯基、萘基和蒽基。
术语“杂芳基”是指含有杂原子的芳香基团,可为单环或稠合环,优选含有1-4个独立选自N、O、S、Se和Te的5-12元杂芳基,包括但不限于吡咯基、呋喃基、噻吩基、咪唑基、噁唑基、异噁唑基、吡唑基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、吡嗪基、哒嗪基、喹啉基、异喹啉基、三唑基、四氢吡咯基、硒吩基(selenophene,例如)碲吩基(tellurophene,例如)。在某一方案中,典型地含1个或多个独立选自N、O、S、Se和Te的杂原子的5-6元单环杂芳基,例如(例如)、(例如)、(例如)、(例如)、(例如)、(例如)、(例如)、(例如)、(例如)、(例如)、(例如)、(例如)或(例如)。在某一方案中,“杂芳基”为5-6元杂芳基,其中杂原子选自N、O和S中的一种或多种,杂原子数为1、2或3个。
本文所用术语“谐氢”是指连接于同一C上的两个H。
本文所用术语“部分”、“结构部分”、“化学部分”、“基团”、“化学基团”是指分子中的特定片段或官能团。化学部分通常被认为是嵌入或附加到分子上的化学实体。
当所列举的取代基中没有指明其通过哪一个原子连接到化学结构通式中包括但未具体提及的化合物时,这种取代基可以通过其任何原子相键合。取代基和/或其变体的组合只有在这样的组合会产生稳定的化合物的情况下才是被允许的。
当所列举的基团中没有明确指明其具有取代基时,这种基团仅指未被取代。例如当“C1~C4烷基”前没有“取代或未取代的”的限定时,仅指“C1~C4烷基”本身或“未取代的C1~C4烷基”。
在本发明的各部分,描述了连接取代基。当该结构清楚地需要连接基团时,针对该基团所列举的马库什变量应理解为连接基团。例如,如果该结构需要连接基团并且针对该变量的马库什基团定义列举了“烷基”或“芳基”,则应该理解,该“烷基”或“芳基”分别代表连接的亚烷基基团或亚芳基基团。
在一些具体的结构中,当烷基基团清楚地表示为连接基团时,则该烷基基团代表连接的亚烷基基团,例如,基团“卤代-C1-C6烷基”中的C1-C6烷基应当理解为C1-C6亚烷基。
除非另有规定,本文使用的所有技术术语和科学术语具有要求保护主题所属领域的标准含义。倘若对于某术语存在多个定义,则以本文定义为准。
应该理解,在本发明中使用的单数形式,如“一种”,包括复数指代,除非另有规定。此外,术语“包括”是开放性限定并非封闭式,即包括本发明所指明的内容,但并不排除其他方面的内容。
除非另有说明,本发明采用质谱、元素分析的传统方法,各步骤和条件可参照本领域常规的操作步骤和条件。
除非另有指明,本发明采用分析化学、有机合成化学和光学的标准命名及标准实验室步骤和技术。在某些情况下,标准技术被用于化学合成、化学分析、发光器件性能检测。
另外,需要说明的是,除非以其他方式明确指出,在本发明中所采用的描述方式“…独立地为”应做广义理解,是指所描述的各个个体之间是相互独立的,可以独立地为相同或不同的具体基团。更详细地,描述方式“…独立地为”既可以是指在不同基团中,相同符号之间所表达的具体选项之间互相不影响;也可以表示在相同的基团中,相同符号之间所表达的具体选项之间互相不影响。
在不违背本领域常识的基础上,上述各优选条件,可任意组合,即得本发明各较佳实例。
本发明所用试剂和原料均市售可得。
本发明的积极进步效果在于:本发明提供的化合物具有抑制PU.1活性,可抑制基于肝细胞的PU.1依赖的转录活性以及抑制纤维化发展。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例的方式进一步说明本发明,但并不因此将本发明限制在所述的实施例范围之中。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,按照常规方法和条件,或按照商品说明书选择。
实施例1:化合物DB1976的合成
中间体1:
把原料4-腈基-2-硝基苯胺(5.0g,31.0mmol)加入到无水二氧六环(75mL)和无水甲醇(25mL)中;将体系温度降至0℃,在此温度下向体系中充入盐酸气直至体系饱和。然后盐酸气停止充入,将反应自然升到室温并在室温下搅拌5天。反应结束后,将反应体系温度降到0-5℃,在干燥的氮气保护下过滤,滤饼用少量无水乙醚多次洗涤,然后收集获得黄色的固体。将此固体加入到饱和氨气的的无水乙醇中(125mL),反应在80℃下进行8小时。反应结束后,降温到0-5℃并过滤,滤饼用少量无水乙醚多次洗涤后收集得到中间体1的盐酸盐(4.3g,产率:55%)黄色固体。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ/ppm:9.13(br s,4H),8.63(d,1H,J=2.30Hz),8.12(br s,2H),7.84(dd,1H,JA=9.05Hz,JB=2.31Hz),7.17(d,1H,J=9.05Hz)。HRMS(ESI)m/z:计算值C7H8N4O2[M+H]+=181.06,实测值181.07。
中间体2:
中间体1(1g,5.0mmol)溶于100mL的无水乙醇中,体系中加入钯碳(100mg,10%)进行氢化反应大约24小时,反应结束后将反应液过滤,滤液浓缩得到中间体2的盐酸盐(670mg,产率:80%)为黄色固体。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ/ppm:9.13(br s,4H),8.63(d,1H,J=2.30Hz),8.12(br s,2H),7.84(dd,1H,JA=9.05Hz,JB=2.31Hz),7.17(d,1H,J=9.05Hz)。HRMS(ESI)m/z:计算值C7H10N4[M+H]+=151.09,实测值151.10。
中间体3:
将硒酚(670mg,5.10mmol)和四甲基乙二胺(711mg,6.12mmol)溶于1.6mL的无水正己烷中,将体系使用氩气完全置换后,将氩气通入反应液中7分钟,用冰盐浴将反应体系降温至-5℃,将叔丁基锂的正戊烷溶液(8.5mL,1.3M)逐滴缓慢加入到反应体系中,加完后反应体系缓慢升温至室温并回流30分钟。加入6.3mL新蒸四氢呋喃,并将反应体系降温至-40℃,将无水氮,氮-二甲基甲酰胺(1.49g,20.4mmol)缓慢滴加进入反应体系中。加完后反应体系缓慢升温至室温,并在室温搅拌1.5小时。随后反应液缓慢倒入8.7mL的浓盐酸溶液中,加入饱和碳酸氢钠溶液调节PH值至6-7。随后用30mL乙醚萃取3次,有机相使用无水硫酸钠干燥。粗产品使用乙醇(4mL)重结晶,最后得到橙红色中间体3(626mg,产率:66%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.89(s,2H),8.10(s,2H)。HRMS(ESI)m/z:计算值C6H4O2Se[M+H]+=188.93,实测值188.93。
产物:
将中间体2(56mg,0.30mmol),中间体3(28mg,0.15mmol)和苯醌(32mg,0.30mmol)溶于6mL无水乙醇中,将反应体系充分用氩气置换后,回流8至10小时后,将反应体系冷却至室温加入丙酮/乙醇(7.5mL/0.75mL)的混合溶液,充分搅拌后过滤,用无水乙醚洗涤滤出物,干燥得到黑色固体。再将固体溶于1:1混合的热甲醇/乙醇(13mL/13mL)混合液中,再次过滤滤除不溶物。将滤液浓缩至总体积9mL,随后加入0.9mL的氯化氢饱和的乙醇溶液,室温搅拌过夜。随后加入50mL的无水乙醚稀释反应体系,过滤分离得到固体,50℃真空干燥12小时,最终得到墨绿色盐酸盐固体5(57.4mg,产率:74%)(2分子HCl,0.11mmol)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.32(s,4H),9.06(s,4H),8.41(s,2H),8.18(d,J=1.5Hz,2H),7.76(d,J=8.7Hz,2H),7.75-7.71(m,2H);HRMS(ESI)m/z:计算值C20H16N8Se[M+H]+=449.07,实测值449.11。
实施例2:
中间体1:
在氮气的保护下,将原料甲基-3-羟基-4-碘-苯甲酸(10g,35.9mmol),原料1(5.7ml,40.0mmol),三苯基膦醋酸钯(538mg,0.72mmol),碘化亚铜(273mg,1.4mmol)和哌啶(3.94ml,40.0mmol)加入到二甲基甲酰胺(50mL)中,反应加热到45℃并进行6个小时,然后将反应温度降至室温并反应过夜。反应结束后,反应液用250mL的乙酸乙酯进行稀释,用50%饱和的1:1氯化钠/碳酸氢钠(4x 100mL)洗涤。有机项用无水硫酸钠干燥、过滤后浓缩粗品中间体3。粗品3通过硅胶柱进行分离纯化(乙酸乙酯/石油醚=0/5-1/5)获得无色油状中间体1(3.22g,产率:32%)。RMS(ESI)m/z:计算值C15H18O5[M+H]+=279.12,实测值279.22。
中间体2:
将中间体1(2.5g,8.98mmol)溶到无水四氢呋喃(20mL)中,然后将溶液体系缓慢滴加到零度的四氢铝锂(0.5g,13.47mmol)的无水四氢呋喃(20mL)溶液中,整个滴加过程大约10分钟。滴加结束后将反应自然升温到室温并继续进行0.5-1小时;反应结束后,在零度下分别加入0.5mL的水,0.6mL的氢氧化钠水溶液(1N)。反应在室温继续搅拌0.5小时后过滤,滤饼用乙酸乙酯(5mL)多次洗涤,滤液浓缩后加入60mL的乙酸乙酯,用少量饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤后浓缩得到无色油状中间体2(1.6g,产率:71%)。HRMS(ESI)m/z:计算值C14H18O4[M+H]+=251.12,实测值251.07。
中间体3:
将戴斯-马丁试剂(1.1g,2.7mmol)分批加入到中间体2(450mg,1.80mmol)的二氯甲烷(20mL)溶液中,反应在室温下进行大约6小时后,用2mL饱和碳酸氢钠和2mL饱和硫代硫酸钠洗涤,有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥、过滤、滤液浓缩后得到浅黄色固体中间体3(360mg,产率:按100%计算)。HRMS(ESI)m/z:计算值C14H16O4[M+H]+=249.10,实测值249.18。
中间体4:
室温下,将中间体3(320mg,1.29mmol)缓慢加入到甲酸(3mL)和水(0.3mL)的混合溶液中,反应在室温下过夜。反应结束后,体系中加入6mL的水并剧烈搅拌,然后过滤,滤饼用少量的水多次洗涤后,收集并用冷冻干燥机进行干燥,得到白色固体中间体4(165mg,产率:74%)。1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ9.96(s,1H),9.63(s,1H),8.18(s,1H),7.94–7.89(m,1H),7.77–7.72(m,1H),7.68(s,1H);HRMS(ESI)m/z:计算值C10H6O3[M+H]+=175.03,实测值175.02。
产物:
将3,4-二氨苯氨基亚氨(48mg,0.32mmol)(实施例1中的中间体1),化合物4(25mg,0.14mmol)和苯醌(35mg,0.32mmol)溶于7.0mL无水乙醇中,将反应体系充分用氩气置换后,回流8至10小时。反应结束后,将反应体系冷却至室温加入丙酮/乙醇(7.5mL/0.75mL)的混合溶液,充分搅拌后过滤,用无水乙醚洗涤滤出物,干燥得到黑色固体。再将固体溶于1:1混合的热甲醇/乙醇(13mL/13mL)混合液中,再次过滤滤除不溶物。将滤液浓缩至总体积9mL,随后加入1mL的氯化氢饱和的乙醇溶液,室温搅拌过夜。随后加入50mL的无水乙醚稀释反应体系,过滤分离得到固体,50℃真空干燥12小时,最终得到墨绿色盐酸盐固体产品(43mg,产率:59%)(其中2分子HCl,0.085mmol)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.30(s,4H),9.01(s,4H),8.13–8.08(m,2H),7.93–7.90(m,1H),7.89(d,J=1.3Hz,1H),7.88–7.84(m,2H),7.80(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),7.79–7.77(m,2H),7.77–7.74(m,1H);HRMS(ESI)m/z:计算值C24H18N8O[M+H]+=435.16,实测值435.17。
实施例3:
中间体1:
将原料6-溴-2-甲基-苯基[b]噻吩(691mg,3.05mmol)溶于无水四氢呋喃(2mL),在-25℃下,将该溶液然后缓慢滴加到异丙基溴化镁的四氢呋喃溶液(1M,3.35mL)中。滴加结束后,反应在-25℃下继续搅拌30分钟,然后将无水氮,氮-二甲基甲酰胺(0.3mL,3.91mmol)滴加到反应中。反应自然升温到室温,大约1小时后反应结束,加入1mL饱和氯化铵水溶液将反应淬灭,加入10mL的乙酸乙酯,分离有机相,水相用乙酸乙酯(2mL)萃取两次,并用无水硫酸钠干燥、过滤和减压浓缩得到粗品中间体1。粗品中间体1用硅胶柱层析(乙酸乙酯/石油醚=0/5-1/5)纯化得到白色固体中间体1(296mg,产率:55%)。1HNMR(CD3OD,400MHz):δ7.94(s,1H),7.42-7.39(m,1H),7.20-7.14(m,1H),3.39(s,1H),3.18-3.19(m,2H),1.55(s,9H);HRMS(ESI)m/z:计算值C10H8OS[M+H]+=177.03,实测值177.11。
中间体2:
将4mL的无水二氧六环加入到封管中,并依次加入二氧化硒(123mg,1.11mmol)和中间体1(65mg,0.37mmol),反应在100℃下进行6个小时。反应结束后,加入30mL的二氯甲烷并过滤,滤饼用少量二氯甲烷冲洗,将滤液和冲洗液合并,浓缩后得到中间体3,有机相合并后通过无水硫酸钠上干燥、过滤并浓缩,然后通过硅胶柱(乙酸乙酯/石油醚=0/5-1/5)得到产物橘色的油状物3(37mg,产率:53%)。HRMS(ESI)m/z:计算值C10H6O2S[M+H]+=191.01,实测值191.07。
产物:
将中间体2(30mg,0.16mmol),3,4-二氨苯氨基亚氨(52mg,0.35mmol)(实施例1中的中间体1)和苯醌(38mg,0.35mmol)溶于7.0mL无水乙醇中,将反应体系充分用氩气置换后,回流8至10小时。反应结束后,将反应体系冷却至室温加入丙酮/乙醇(7.5mL/0.75mL)的混合溶液,充分搅拌后过滤,用无水乙醚洗涤滤出物,干燥得到黑色固体。再将固体溶于1:1混合的热甲醇/乙醇(13.2mL/13.2mL)混合液中,再次过滤滤除不溶物。将滤液浓缩至总体积9.0mL,随后加入0.9mL的氯化氢饱和的乙醇溶液,室温搅拌过夜。随后加入50.0mL的无水乙醚稀释反应体系,过滤分离得到固体,50℃真空干燥12小时,最终得到墨绿色盐酸盐固体产品(46mg,产率:56%)(其中2分子HCl)。HRMS(ESI)m/z:计算值C24H18N8S[M+H]+=451.14,实测值451.21。
实施例4:
中间体1:
将叔丁醇钾(9.9g,88.07mmol)、2-氯吡啶(5g,44.04mmol)和18-冠-6(0.58g,2.20mmol)依次加入无水甲苯(100mL)中。将反应混合物在110℃下加热15h。冷却至室温后,用乙酸乙酯(200mL)稀释反应混合物,然后用分别用水和饱和盐水洗涤。有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥并浓缩获得粗品中间体1,粗品1通过硅胶柱(乙酸乙酯/石油醚=0/5–1/5)进行分离纯化得到产物无色的油状物中间体1(3.59g,产率:54%)。(方法参考:Tetrahedron 74(2018)3748-3754)。HRMS(ESI)m/z:计算值C9H13NO[M+H]+=152.10,实测值152.03。
中间体2:
0℃下,将三氟化硼乙醚(2.1g,0.74mmol)加入到3-氯-4-甲醛-苯甲酸(2.0g,10.8mmol)和叔丁氧吡啶(2.29g,15.17mmol)的无水甲苯(15mL)中。反应自然升到室温并在室温进行45分钟;反应结束后,用饱和NaHCO3调节反应体系的PH值直至接近中性;将反应液用乙酸乙酯(150mL)稀释后分相,有机相用饱和食盐水(5mL)洗涤两次,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤后浓缩然后通过硅胶柱(乙酸乙酯/石油醚=0/5-1/5)得到无色的油状物产物2(2.3g,产率:84%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ10.33(s,1H),8.14(d,J=1.2Hz,1H),7.93–7.85(m,2H),1.49(s,9H).HRMS(ESI)m/z:计算值C12H13ClO3[M+H]+=241.06,实测值241.12。
中间体3:
-78℃下,正丁基硒锂(9.2mL,1.05mmol)(正丁基硒锂的制备方法参考:Tetrahedron 74(2018)3748-3754)缓慢滴加到中间体2(2.1g,8.73mmol)的无水四氢呋喃(30mL)溶液中,反应在该温度下进行0.5小时。反应结束后,在低温下用水(2mL)淬灭;反应液浓缩后加入50mL的乙酸乙酯并分相,有机相用少量的饱和食盐水洗涤、无水硫酸钠干燥、过滤并浓缩,然后通过硅胶柱(乙酸乙酯/石油醚=0/8-1/8)得到产物灰色固体3(2.6g,产率:87%)。HRMS(ESI)m/z:计算值C16H22O3Se[M+H]+=343.07,实测值343.06。
中间体4:
-78℃下,乙炔基锂(288mg,2.26mmol,25%的甲苯溶浆)(缓慢加入到中间体3(700mg,2.05mmol)的无水四氢呋喃(20mL)溶液中,反应在该温度下进行1小时。反应结束后,低温下用水淬灭;反应液浓缩后加入50mL的乙酸乙酯并分相,有机相用少量的饱和食盐水洗涤、无水硫酸钠上干燥、过滤并浓缩得到粗品中间体4,粗品4通过硅胶柱(乙酸乙酯/石油醚=0/2-1/2)得到产物灰色的油状物中间体4(513mg,产率:68%)。HRMS(ESI)m/z:计算值C18H24O3Se[M+H]+=369.09,实测值369.11。
中间体5:
将碘单质(608mg,2.4mmol)溶解于室温下的无水乙醇(20mL)中,室温下,加入到中间体4(800mg,2.18mmol)的无水乙醇(30mL)中的溶液中。将反应混合物在室温下搅拌5h。反应结束后,用饱和Na2S2O3水溶液使反应猝灭,用乙酸乙酯(3×30mL)萃取。将合并的有机层用无水Na2SO4上干燥、过滤、浓缩,得到粗品中间体5,粗品5通过硅胶柱(乙酸乙酯/石油醚=0/10-1/10)进行分离纯化得到灰色固体中间体5(323mg,产率:48%)。HRMS(ESI)m/z:计算值C14H14O3Se[M+H]+=311.01,实测值311.00。
中间体6:
向中间体5(1.2g,3.88mmol)的二氯甲烷(8mL)溶液中加入三氟乙酸(6mL),并在室温下搅拌2小时。将反应溶液直接浓缩,然后加入二氯甲烷(6mL)溶剂至溶解后浓缩(重复两次)。室温下,将获得的中间体加入到30mL乙腈中,然后依次加入碳酸钾(2.1g,15.51mmol),碘乙烷(1.2g,7.8mmol),室温下反应过夜。反应结束后直接将反应液浓缩,在乙酸乙酯(40mL)和水(5mL)进行分相,水相用乙酸乙酯(5mL)萃取两次后有机项合并,用饱和盐水(4mL)洗涤、干燥、过滤后减压浓缩得到粗品中间体6。粗品6通过硅胶柱(乙酸乙酯/石油醚=0/10-1/10)进行分离纯化得到浅黄色中间体6(1g,产率:92%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.90(s,1H),7.95–7.90(m,2H),7.78–7.73(m,1H),7.68–7.64(m,1H),4.33(q,J=7.9Hz,2H),1.37(t,J=7.9Hz,3H);HRMS(ESI)m/z:计算值C12H10O3Se[M+H]+=282.98,实测值282.90。
中间体7:
将中间体6(2.4g,8.54mmol)、2,2-二甲基-1,3-丙二醇(1.1g,10.67mmol)和对甲基苯磺酸(0.18g,1.02mmol)依次加入到含有甲苯(50mL)的双口反应瓶中;然后加上Dean-Stark蒸馏器和冷凝循环装置,反应在氩气环境下回流大约4个小时。Dean-Stark蒸馏器收集的水被分离后。反应液用和碳酸氢钠水溶液中和至中性,有机项分离,无水硫酸钠干燥后过滤,滤液浓缩得到粗品中间体7,粗品中间体7用硅胶柱层析(乙酸乙酯/石油醚=0/5-1/5)纯化得到白色固体中间体7(2.7g,产率:86%)。HRMS(ESI)m/z:计算值C17H20O4Se[M+H]+=369.05,实测值369.03。
中间体8:
将中间体7(430mg,1.17mmol)溶到无水四氢呋喃(2mL)中,然后将溶液体系缓慢滴加到零度的四氢铝锂(0.067g,1.76mmol)的无水四氢呋喃(4mL)中,。滴加结束后将反应自然升温到室温并继续进行0.5-1小时;反应结束后,在零度下分别加入0.5mL的水,0.5mL的氢氧化钠水溶液(1N)。反应在室温继续搅拌0.5小时后过滤,滤饼用乙酸乙酯(5mL)多次洗涤,滤液浓缩后加入10mL的乙酸乙酯,用少量饱和食盐水洗涤,无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤后浓缩;然后用二氯甲烷(10mL)将其溶解。把戴斯-马丁试剂(0.7g,1.8mmol)分批加入到二氯甲烷溶液中,反应在室温下进行大约6小时后,用2mL饱和碳酸氢钠和2mL饱和硫代硫酸钠洗涤,浓缩后得到桔色泡沫状粗品中间体8。粗品8用硅胶柱层析(乙酸乙酯/石油醚=0/5-1/5)进行分离纯化得到白色固体中间体8(265mg,产率:70%)。HRMS(ESI)m/z:计算值C15H16O3Se[M+H]+=325.03,实测值325.01。
中间体9:
将中间体9(120mg,0.37mmol)溶于二氯甲烷(2mL)中,用三氟乙酸(0.5mL)和水(0.2mL)在室温下搅拌过夜。反应结束后,用饱和碳酸氢钠水溶液加入反应混合物中,分离有机相,水相用二氯甲烷(2mL)萃取两次,并用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩得到灰色固体中间体9(54mg,产率:61%)。HRMS(ESI)m/z:计算值C10H6O2Se[M+H]+=238.95,实测值238.88。
产物:
将中间体9(33mg,0.14mmol),3,4-二氨苯氨基亚氨(48mg,0.32mmol)(实施例1中的中间体1)和苯醌(35mg,0.32mmol)溶于7.0mL无水乙醇中,将反应体系充分用氩气置换后,回流8至10小时。反应结束后,将反应体系冷却至室温加入丙酮/乙醇(7.5mL/0.75mL)的混合溶液,充分搅拌后过滤,用无水乙醚洗涤滤出物,干燥得到黑色固体。再将固体溶于1:1混合的热甲醇/乙醇(13.2mL/13.2mL)混合液中,再次过滤滤除不溶物。将滤液浓缩至总体积9.0mL,随后加入0.9mL的氯化氢饱和的乙醇溶液,室温搅拌过夜。随后加入50mL的无水乙醚稀释反应体系,过滤分离得到固体,50℃真空干燥12小时,最终得到墨绿色盐酸盐产品(23mg,产率:29%)(其中2分子HCl)。HRMS(ESI)m/z:计算值C24H18N8Se[M+H]+=499.08,实测值499.13。
实施例5:
中间体1:
将原料6-溴-2-甲基苯[d]噁唑(538mg,2.54mmol)溶于无水四氢呋喃(1mL),在-25℃下,将该溶液然后缓慢滴加到异丙基溴化镁的四氢呋喃溶液(1M,2.79mL)中。滴加结束后,反应在-25℃下继续搅拌30分钟,无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(0.24mL,3.05mmol)滴加到反应中。反应自然升温到室温,大约1小时后反应结束,加入1mL饱和氯化铵水溶液将反应淬灭。反应液加入10mL的乙酸乙酯,分离有机相,水相用乙酸乙酯(2mL)萃取两次;有机相合并,用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩得到粗品中间体2。粗品2用硅胶柱层析(乙酸乙酯/石油醚=0/5–1/5)纯化得到白色固体中间体1(318mg,产率:78%)。HRMS(ESI)m/z:计算值C9H7NO2[M+H]+=162.05,实测值162.10。
中间体2:
将4mL的无水二氧六环加入到封管中,并依次加入二氧化硒(165mg,1.49mmol)和中间体2(80mg,0.50mmol),反应在100℃下进行6个小时。反应结束后,加入30mL的二氯甲烷并过滤,滤饼用少量二氯甲烷冲洗,将滤液和冲洗液合并,浓缩后得到中间体2(91mg,~100%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.97(s,1H),9.61(s,1H),8.03(d,J=1.4Hz,1H),7.95(dd,J=7.5,1.9Hz,1H),7.76(dd,J=7.5,0.6Hz,1H);HRMS(ESI)m/z:计算值C9H5NO3[M+H]+=176.03,实测值175.98。
产物:
将中间体2(25mg,0.14mmol),3,4-二氨苯氨基亚氨(48mg,0.32mmol)(实施例1中的中间体1)和苯醌(35mg,0.32mmol)溶于7.0mL无水乙醇中,将反应体系充分用氩气置换后,回流8至10小时。然后,将反应体系冷却至室温加入丙酮/乙醇(7.5mL/0.75mL)的混合溶液,充分搅拌后过滤,用无水乙醚洗涤滤出物,干燥得到黑色固体。再将固体溶于1:1混合的热甲醇/乙醇(13.2mL/13.2mL)混合液中,再次过滤滤除不溶物。将滤液浓缩至总体积9mL,随后加入0.9mL的氯化氢饱和的乙醇溶液,室温搅拌过夜。随后加入50mL的无水乙醚稀释反应体系,过滤分离得到固体,50℃真空干燥12小时,最终得到墨绿色盐酸盐产品(31mg,产率:43%)(其中2分子HCl)。HRMS(ESI)m/z:计算值C23H17N9O[M+H]+=436.16,实测值436.21。
实施例6:
将喹啉-2,7-二甲醛(45mg,0.24mmol),3,4-二氨苯氨基亚氨(80mg,0.53mmol)(实施例1中的中间体1)和苯醌(58mg,0.53mmol)溶于12.0mL无水乙醇中,将反应体系充分用氩气置换后,回流8至10小时。反应结束后,将反应体系冷却至室温加入丙酮/乙醇(12mL/1.2mL)的混合溶液,充分搅拌后过滤,用无水乙醚洗涤滤出物,干燥得到黑色固体。再将固体溶于1:1混合的热甲醇/乙醇(19mL/19mL)混合液中,再次过滤滤除不溶物。将滤液浓缩至总体积14mL,随后加入1.8mL的氯化氢饱和的乙醇溶液,室温搅拌过夜。随后加入50.0mL的无水乙醚稀释反应体系,过滤分离得到固体,50℃真空干燥12小时,最终得到墨绿色盐酸盐产品(86mg,产率:68%)(其中2分子HCl)。HRMS(ESI)m/z:计算值C25H19N9[M+H]+=446.18,实测值446.10。
实施例7:
将原料1,8-二氮杂萘-2,7-二甲醛(35mg,0.19mmol),3,4-二氨苯氨基亚氨(62mg,0.42mmol)和苯醌(45mg,0.42mmol)溶于10mL无水乙醇中,将反应体系充分用氩气置换后,回流8至10小时。反应结束后,将反应体系冷却至室温加入丙酮/乙醇(9mL/9mL)的混合溶液,充分搅拌后过滤,用无水乙醚洗涤滤出物,干燥得到黑色固体。再将固体溶于1:1混合的热甲醇/乙醇(17mL/17mL)混合液中,再次过滤滤除不溶物。将滤液浓缩至总体积12mL,随后加入1.4mL的氯化氢饱和的乙醇溶液,室温搅拌过夜。随后加入50mL的无水乙醚稀释反应体系,过滤分离得到固体,50℃真空干燥12小时,最终得到墨绿色盐酸盐固体产品(71mg,产率:73%)(其中2分子HCl)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.33(s,4H),9.09(s,4H),δ8.75–8.70(m,3H),8.51(s,2H),7.95-7.90(m,1H),7.71(dd,J=7.5,0.6Hz,3H),7.67–7.62(m,3H),7.49(d,J=1.9Hz,2H);HRMS(ESI)m/z:计算值C24H18N10[M+H]+=447.17,实测值447.21。
实施例8:
中间体1:
将2,8-二溴-4a,10a-二氢二苯并[b,e][1,4]二恶英(2,8-dibromo-4a,10a-dihydrodibenzo[b,e][1,4]dioxine)(694mg,2.03mmol)溶于无水四氢呋喃(1mL),在-25℃下,将该溶液然后缓慢滴加到异丙基溴化镁的四氢呋喃溶液(1M,4.47mL)中。滴加结束后,反应在-25℃下继续搅拌30分钟,无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(0.38mL,4.87mmol)滴加到反应中。反应自然升温到室温,大约1.5小时后反应结束,加入1mL饱和氯化铵水溶液将反应淬灭,加入10mL的乙酸乙酯,分离有机相,水相用乙酸乙酯(2mL)萃取两次,并用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩得到粗品中间体1。粗品中间体1用硅胶柱层析(乙酸乙酯/石油醚=0/6–1/6)纯化得到白色固体中间体1(331mg,产率:68%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.86(s,2H),7.55(dd,J=7.7,1.6Hz,1H),7.35(d,J=1.5Hz,1H),7.10(d,J=7.8Hz,1H);HRMS(ESI)m/z:计算值C14H8O4[M+H]+=241.04,实测值241.09。
产品:
将中间体1(36mg,0.15mmol),3,4-二氨苯氨基亚氨(50mg,0.33mmol)(实施例1中的中间体1)和苯醌(27mg,0.42mmol)溶于9.0mL无水乙醇中,将反应体系充分用氩气置换后,回流8至10小时。反应结束后,将反应体系冷却至室温加入丙酮/乙醇(9mL/9mL)的混合溶液,充分搅拌后过滤,用无水乙醚洗涤滤出物,干燥得到黑色固体。再将固体溶于1:1混合的热甲醇/乙醇(15mL/15mL)混合液中,再次过滤滤除不溶物。将滤液浓缩至总体积10mL,随后加入1.4mL的氯化氢饱和的乙醇溶液,室温搅拌过夜。随后加入45mL的无水乙醚稀释反应体系,过滤分离得到固体,50℃真空干燥12小时,最终得到墨绿色盐酸盐产品(43mg,产率:50%)(其中2分子HCl)。HRMS(ESI)m/z:计算值C28H22N8O2[M+H]+=503.19,实测值503.13。
实施例9:
中间体1:
在0℃下,将4-二甲氨基吡啶(203mg,1.66mmol)缓慢加入到原料3,7-二溴-10H-吩噻嗪(360mg,1.00mmol)和BOC-酸酐768mg,3.52mmol)的乙腈(5mL)溶液中,反应温度自然升到室温并在室温下过夜。反应结束后,反应用乙醚(50mL)稀释,用饱和的氯化铵水溶液调节反应液的PH值接近中性;分相、有机相用无水硫酸钠干燥、过滤、减压浓缩得到粗品中间体1。粗品1用硅胶柱层析法(乙酸乙酯/石油醚=0/8–1/8)进行分离纯化得到白色固体中间体1(360mg,产率:78%)。HRMS(ESI)m/z:计算值C17H17Br2NO2S[M+H]+=457.93,实测值457.91。
中间体2:
将中间体1(260mg,0.57mmol)溶于无水四氢呋喃(1mL),在-25℃下,将该溶液然后缓慢滴加到异丙基溴化镁的四氢呋喃溶液(1M,1.25mL)中。滴加结束后,反应在-25℃下继续搅拌30分钟,然后将无水N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(0.11mL,1.36mmol)滴加到反应中。反应自然升温到室温,反应进行大约1.5小时。反应结束后,加入1mL饱和氯化铵水溶液将反应淬灭,加入6mL的乙酸乙酯,分离有机相,水相用乙酸乙酯(2mL)萃取两次;有机相合并并用无水硫酸钠干燥,减压浓缩得到粗品中间体2。粗品2用硅胶柱层析(乙酸乙酯/石油醚=0/8-1/8)分离纯化得到白色固体中间体2(115mg,产率:57%)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ9.85(s,2H),7.65(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),7.58(s,2H),6.96(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),1.49(s,9H);HRMS(ESI)m/z:计算值C19H19NO4S[M+H]+=358.10,实测值358.01。
产物:
将中间体2(30mg,0.08mmol),3,4-二氨苯氨基亚氨(28mg,0.18mmol)(实施例1中的中间体1)和苯醌(20mg,0.18mmol)溶于6.0mL无水乙醇中,将反应体系充分用氩气置换后并回流8至10小时。反应结束后,将反应体系冷却至室温加入丙酮/乙醇(6mL/6mL)的混合溶液,充分搅拌后过滤,用无水乙醚洗涤滤出物,干燥得到黑色固体。再将固体溶于1:1混合的热甲醇/乙醇(7mL/7mL)混合液中,再次过滤滤除不溶物。将滤液浓缩至总体积6mL,随后加入1mL的氯化氢饱和的乙醇溶液,室温搅拌过夜。随后加入45mL的无水乙醚稀释反应体系,过滤分离得到固体,50℃真空干燥12小时,最终得到墨绿色盐酸盐(其中2分子HCl)产品(13mg,产率:26%)。1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ9.32(s,4H),9.06(s,4H),8.08(s,2H),7.95–7.89(m,2H),7.65–7.59(2,3H),7.57(d,J=7.5Hz,2H),7.25–7.21(m,2H),7.06(d,J=7.6Hz,2H);RMS(ESI)m/z:计算值C28H21N9S[M+H]+=516.16,实测值516.18。
实施例10:
将化合物6(46mg,0.23mmol),3,4-二氨苯氨基亚氨(75mg,0.50mmol)(实施例1中的中间体1)和苯醌(54mg,0.50mmol)溶于12.0mL无水乙醇中,将反应体系充分用氩气置换后并回流8至10小时。反应结束后,将反应体系冷却至室温加入丙酮/乙醇(10mL/10mL)的混合溶液,充分搅拌后过滤,用无水乙醚洗涤滤出物,干燥得到黑色固体。再将固体溶于1:1混合的热甲醇/乙醇(19mL/19mL)混合液中,再次过滤滤除不溶物。将滤液浓缩至总体积12mL,随后加入1.8mL的氯化氢饱和的乙醇溶液,室温搅拌过夜。随后加入50.0mL的无水乙醚稀释反应体系,过滤分离得到固体,50℃真空干燥12小时,最终得到墨绿色盐酸盐产品(其中2分子HCl)(71mg,产率:58%)。HRMS(ESI)m/z:计算值C26H22N8O[M+H]+=463.19,实测值463.17。
其它化合物及质谱数据(制备方法参考实施例1到实施例10):
生物学试验:
1.光学表面等离子共振(SPR)结合力试验
SPR检测采用4通道Biacore T200光学生物传感系统(GE)。首先,5’端生物素标记的发卡结构DNA固定于CM4芯片。对于化合物抑制试验测试,先以PU.1蛋白溶液以100nM的恒定浓度注射进入,以饱和DNA结合位点,其次采用不同浓度的化合物加入蛋白溶液中,实验用Na2HPO4(PH7.4,含有0.05%P20,400mM的氯化钠和1mM的乙二胺四乙酸)在25℃下抽滤,稳态结合状态下的分析采用不同浓度化合物作为流动相注入并通过固化的DNA表面,流速为30uL/min。以蛋白信号的改变对应化合物浓度进行作图,蛋白信号抑制50%对应的化合物浓度作为IC50。
λB位点发卡结构如下:
5’-CCAAATAAAAGGAAGTGAAACCAAGCT
3’-GGTTTATTTTCCTTCACTTTGGTTCTC
通过体外光学表面等离子共振(SPR)结合力实验测定,本发明化合物抑制PU.1的生物数据如下:
其中:*指的是IC50在101nM-10uM;**指的是IC50在11nM-100nM;***指的是IC50在10nM及以下。
可见,本发明化合物在体外10uM以下的浓度下均能有效地和发卡结构DNA结合,进而抑制PU.1,其中多数化合物的IC50低于100nM,部分化合物的IC50低于10nM。
2.基于肝细胞的PU.1依赖的转录活性抑制试验
全长表达PU.1的质粒,克隆于pcNDA3.1(+)的NheI/BamHI位点。商业化的绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)报告基因质粒的CMV启动子被肝串联重复λB位点的合成增强元素组合子替代,隔开螺旋形的部分,以最小TATA盒启动子接连。PU.1表达和EGFR报告质粒被分别命名为pcDNA-FL-PU.1和pλB 5-EGFP,HEK293细胞采用含10%胎牛血清的RPM1 1680培养基培养,培养条件为为5%CO2,37℃,以每孔20万细胞铺板于24孔板,24小时后以500ng pcDNA-FL-PU.1质粒进行转染,24小时后,以500ng pλB 5-EGFP质粒再次进行转染,同时伴随或不伴随受试化合物孵育。细胞荧光信号采用流式细胞仪进行定量检测(激发光/发色光=488/510nm),每份样品计数大于20000,CV<5%,同时,与化合物孵育24小时后的细胞存活率被检测。通过实验分析在肝细胞中,本发明化合物3、4、12、25、26和31在10uM以下的浓度下能有效地抑制基于PU.1依赖的转录活性。
3.纤维化模型试验
6-8周龄雄性C57小鼠,空白组,模型组(给药溶媒组),和给药组。每组各6只动物,以开始给造模剂博来霉素为第一天,空白组不给造模剂,造模剂按4mg/kg,1mg/ml浓度每天给与小鼠,持续3周,造模同时给与受试化合物。空白组和模型组(溶媒组)不给与受试化合物。在第22天处死小鼠,并取肺部组织,采用多聚甲醛固定。经酒精梯度脱水,二甲苯透明后进行石蜡包埋,0.1%天狼星红染色后,100倍光学显微镜观察。
Claims (11)
1.一种如式I所示的杂环化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,
其中,R1a、R1b、R1c、R1d、R1e和R1f独立地为H、卤素或C1-C4烷基;
R2a、R2b、R2c和R2d独立地为H、OH、C1-C4烷基或C3-C6环烷基;
环A为苯基或6元杂芳基;所述的6元杂芳基中,杂原子选自N、O和S中的一种或多种,杂原子数为1~3个;所述的苯基和所述的6元杂芳基任选被一个或多个取代基R3a取代,所述的R3a独立地选自如下取代基:卤素或C1-C4烷基;当取代基为多个时,相同或不同;
环B为5-6元杂芳基、5-6元杂环烯基、C4-C6环烷基或5-6元杂环烷基;所述的5-6元杂芳基、所述的5-6元杂环烯基、所述的5-6元环烷基及所述的5-6元杂环烷基中,杂原子选自N、O、S、Se和Te中的一种或多种,杂原子数为1~3个;所述的5-6元杂芳基任选被一个或多个取代基R3b取代,所述的R3b独立地选自如下取代基:卤素、OH、或C1-C4烷基;所述的5-6元杂环烯基、所述的5-6元环烷基及所述的5-6元杂环烷基任选被一个或多个取代基R3c取代,所述的R3c独立地选自如下取代基:卤素、C1-C4烷基或O=;当取代基为多个时,相同或不同;
环C为苯基、5-6元杂芳基、5-10元环烷基、5-10元环烯基或5-10元杂环烷基;所述的5-6元杂芳基及所述的5-19元杂环烷基中,杂原子选自N、O和S中的一种或多种,杂原子数为1~3个;所述的苯基及所述的5-6元杂芳基任选被一个或多个取代基R3d取代,所述的R3d独立地选自如下取代基:卤素或C1-C4烷基;所述的5-10元环烷基、5-10元环烯基及5-10元杂环烷基任选被一个或多个取代基R3e取代,所述的R3e独立地选自如下取代基:卤素、C1-C4烷基或O=;当取代基为多个时,相同或不同;
Z1为连接键、亚甲基、C(=O)、N(Rf)、-N=、O或S;Z2为亚甲基、N(Rg)、-N=、O、S、Se或Te;Z3为N(Rh)、O、S、Se或Te;
Rf、Rg和Rh独立地为H或C1-C4烷基;
2.如权利要求1所述的如式I所示的杂环化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,
当R2a、R2b、R2c和R2d独立地为C1-C4烷基时,所述的C1-C4烷基为甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基或叔丁基;
和/或,当R2a、R2b、R2c和R2d独立地为C3-C6环烷基时,所述的C3-C6环烷基为环丙基、环丁基、环戊基及环己基;
和/或,当B为C4-C6环烷基时,所述的C4-C6环烷基为环丁基、环戊基或环己基;
和/或,当环C为5-10元环烷基时,所述的5-10元环烷基为环丁基、环戊基或环己基;
和/或,当R3d为卤素时,所述的卤素为氟、氯、溴或碘,例如氟或氯;
和/或,当R3e为C1-C4烷基时,所述的C1-C4烷基为甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基或叔丁基;
和/或,当Rf、Rg和Rh独立地为C1-C4烷基时,所述的C1-C4烷基为甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基或叔丁基。
3.如权利要求2所述的如式I所示的杂环化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,
R1a、R1b、R1c、R1d、R1e和R1f独立地为H;
和/或,环B为5-6元杂芳基或5-6元杂环烯基;
和/或,R3c独立地选自如下取代基:C1-C4烷基或O=;
和/或,Z1为连接键、-CH2-、-C(=O)-、-N(Rf)-、-N=、O或S;
和/或,Z2为-CH2-、-N(Rg)-、-N=、O、S、Se或Te;
和/或,Rf为H或C1-C4烷基;
和/或,Rg为H;
和/或,Z3为N(Rh)、O、S或Se;
和/或,环C为苯基、5-10元环烷基、5-10元环烯基或5-10元杂环烷基;
和/或,Rh为H;
和/或,R3d为卤素;
和/或,R3e为C1-C4烷基。
6.如权利要求1所述的如式I所示的杂环化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,其特征在于,所述的如式I所示的杂环化合物为如下方案一或方案二;
方案一:
R1a、R1b、R1c、R1d、R1e和R1f独立地为H;
R2a、R2b、R2c和R2d独立地为H、OH、C1-C4烷基或C3-C6环烷基;
环A为苯基或6元杂芳基;
环B为5-6元杂芳基、5-6元杂环烯基、C4-C6环烷基或5-6元杂环烷基;所述的5-6元杂环烯基任选被一个或多个取代基R3c取代;
环C为苯基、5-10元环烷基、5-10元环烯基或5-10元杂环烷基;所述的苯基任选被一个或多个取代基R3d取代;所述的5-10元环烷基、5-10元环烯基及5-10元杂环烷基任选被一个或多个取代基R3e取代;
Z1为连接键、亚甲基、C(=O)、N(Rf)、-N=、O或S;Z2为N(Rg)、-N=、O、S或Se;Z3为NH、O、S或Se;
方案二:
R1a、R1b、R1c、R1d、R1e和R1f独立地为H;
R2a、R2b、R2c和R2d独立地为H;
环A为苯基或6元杂芳基;
环B为5-6元杂芳基或5-6元杂环烯基;所述的5-6元杂环烯基任选被一个或多个取代基R3c取代;
环C为苯基、5-10元环烷基、5-10元环烯基或5-10元杂环烷基;所述的苯基任选被一个或多个取代基R3d取代;所述的5-10元环烷基、5-10元环烯基及5-10元杂环烷基任选被取代基R3e取代;
Z1为N(Rf)、O或S;Z2为O、S或Se;Z3为N(Rh)、O、S或Se。
9.如权利要求8所述的如式I所示的杂环化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的制备方法,其特征在于,
所述的溶剂为醇类溶剂;例如乙醇;
和/或,所示的如式II所示的化合物与所述的溶剂的摩尔体积比为0.01-0.1mol/L;例如0.05mol/L;
和/或,所述的如式II所示的化合物与所述的如式III所示的化合物的摩尔比值为2-2.2;例如2-2.1;
和/或,所述的苯醌与所述的如式II所示的化合物的摩尔比值为1-1.2;例如1-1.1;
和/或,所述的加成反应在气体保护下进行;所述的气体可为氩气和/或氮气;
和/或,所述的加成反应的温度为60℃-90℃;例如78℃-80℃;
和/或,所述的制备方法还包括后处理;所述的后处理包括如下步骤:所述的加成反应结束后,加入有机溶剂,析出固体,得到所述的如式I所示的杂环化合物即可。
10.一种药物组合物,其包含如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的如式I所示的杂环化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,和药学上可接受的载体。
11.一种如权利要求1-7中任一项所述的如式I所示的杂环化合物或其药学上可接受的盐、如权利要求10所述的药物组合物或者如下所示的化合物80或其盐在制备PU.1抑制剂、或者在制备预防和/或治疗与PU.1相关疾病的药物中的应用;
所述的与PU.1相关疾病优选肿瘤、纤维化疾病、炎性疾病及自身免疫性疾病、传染性疾病,肠源性内毒素血症和神经退行性疾病中的一种或多种;
其中,所述的肿瘤可为:肺癌、结肠癌、直肠癌、乳腺癌、前列腺癌、肝癌、胰腺癌、脑癌、肾癌、卵巢癌、胃癌、皮肤癌、骨癌、神经胶质瘤、胶质母细胞瘤、肝细胞癌、乳头状肾癌、头颈癌、白血病、淋巴瘤、骨髓瘤、多发性骨髓瘤等实体肿瘤和血液肿瘤;特别是急性淋巴细胞白血病和急性髓细胞白血病和骨癌;
所述的纤维化疾病可为:系统性硬化症,肺纤维化,肾纤维化,肝硬化,非酒精性脂肪性肝炎,酒精性脂肪性肝炎,非酒精性脂肪性肝病,肾纤维化,肾小管间质纤维化,肾小球硬化,血管硬化,慢性移植物抗宿主病,克罗恩病,溃疡性结肠炎,胶原性结肠炎,关节炎,骨髓纤维化,输尿管病,肾源性系统性纤维化,动脉粥样硬化,再狭窄,心脏纤维化,肺动脉高压,肌肉纤维化,骨质疏松症,瘢痕过多,瘢痕和肥厚性瘢痕形成,硬斑病或局限性硬皮病,黄斑变性,视网膜和玻璃体视网膜病以及眼部瘢痕形成,特别是特发性肺纤维化;
所述的自身免疫性疾病及炎性疾病可为:类风湿性关节炎、骨关节炎、类风湿性脊椎炎、牛皮癣、缺血后灌注损伤、接触性皮炎,炎性肠病,巨细胞性动脉炎,慢性炎性肺病、湿疹、哮喘、银屑病、溃疡性结肠炎、急性呼吸窘迫综合症、银屑病关节炎、感染性关节炎、进行性慢性关节炎、变形性关节炎、股性关节炎、创伤性关节炎、痛风性关节炎、赖特尔氏综合征、多软骨炎、急性滑膜炎和脊柱炎、血管球性肾炎、溶血性贫血、再生障碍性贫血、特发性血小板减少症、嗜中性粒细胞减少症、溃疡性结肠炎、克罗恩病、移植物抗宿主症、同种异体移植物排斥反应、慢性甲状腺炎、格雷夫斯病、硬皮病、活动性肝炎、原发性胆汁性肝硬化、重症肌无力、多发性硬化症、系统性红斑狼疮、过敏性皮炎、接触性皮炎、慢性肾功能不全、史-约综合症、特发性脂肪泻、肉状瘤病、格林-巴利综合症、急性髓细胞性白血病,小儿麻痹,阿尔茨海默氏病。
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