CN113105165A - Ecological slope protection material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Ecological slope protection material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN113105165A CN113105165A CN202110230283.9A CN202110230283A CN113105165A CN 113105165 A CN113105165 A CN 113105165A CN 202110230283 A CN202110230283 A CN 202110230283A CN 113105165 A CN113105165 A CN 113105165A
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 106
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 15
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000004088 foaming agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
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- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 12
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- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 11
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- 238000012851 eutrophication Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
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- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 29
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- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
- C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B18/00—Use of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of agglomerated or waste materials or refuse, specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
- C04B18/04—Waste materials; Refuse
- C04B18/0409—Waste from the purification of bauxite, e.g. red mud
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B20/00—Use of materials as fillers for mortars, concrete or artificial stone according to more than one of groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 and characterised by shape or grain distribution; Treatment of materials according to more than one of the groups C04B14/00 - C04B18/00 specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Expanding or defibrillating materials
- C04B20/02—Treatment
- C04B20/023—Chemical treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/02—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by adding chemical blowing agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/10—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by using foaming agents or by using mechanical means, e.g. adding preformed foam
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
- E02D17/205—Securing of slopes or inclines with modular blocks, e.g. pre-fabricated
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/40—Porous or lightweight materials
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
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Abstract
The invention provides an ecological slope protection material which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-40 parts of acid-activated red mud, 50-80 parts of cement, 0.5-2 parts of foaming agent and 1-3 parts of polyaluminium chloride. The invention uses acidified solid particles by acidifying red mudThe specific surface area of the particles is increased (the specific surface area of the particles which are not activated before acidification is 5.3177 m)2Per g, and the specific surface area of the particles prepared by acid activation was 33.2132m2And/g) and because the increase of solid particle specific surface area for its adsorption effect to water pollutant is better, when placing it on the river course domatic through fixing device such as gabion net, the pollutant in river water can be stayed in the hole in ecological slope protection material, can effectively reduce the pollutant content in river water, thereby promote quality of water, reduce water eutrophication degree.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of building materials, in particular to an ecological slope protection material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Nowadays, water eutrophication has become an important water environmental problem of surface water bodies such as rivers, lakes, reservoirs and the like all over the world. The eutrophication of water is caused by the pollution of water by the nutrient characteristics of phosphorus and the like in the water, and is mostly caused by domestic sewage, and the pollution is the root cause of red tide and water bloom. Meanwhile, along with the increase of the construction strength of sewage treatment plants in China, the discharge amount of tail water will be increased day by day, and more rivers inevitably become water bodies for receiving tail water pollutants. How to treat the river polluted by the tail water becomes a common problem. On the premise of not influencing the original functions of flood control, waterlogging drainage, irrigation, shipping, ecology and the like of the river channel, how to purify water by utilizing the river channel and the surrounding conditions is a relatively complex problem. On one hand, the river cannot be regarded as a sewage treatment facility because the original social function and ecological service function of the river are influenced; on the other hand, the polluted river cannot be ignored to lose the original social function and ecological function. How to skillfully utilize the original conditions, the tail water treatment and pollution reduction are achieved by improving the purification capacity of the river channel, the original functions of the river channel are not influenced as much as possible, and the key point for treating the river channel polluted by the tail water is realized.
As a new technology, the ecological slope protection plays a good role in river management engineering, has good functions of water and soil conservation and water purification, and can ensure the stability of the ecological environment around the engineering. Compared with other ecological slope protection technologies, the gabion net and vegetation structure has great advantages in the aspect of water flow erosion resistance. Although the gabion mesh structure is widely applied to the bank protection engineering, most researches are focused on the gabion mesh retaining wall technology, the thickness of the gabion mesh structure, the wave erosion resistance, the design of slope toe and the like, and the effect of gabion fillers on water purification and water purification of different aquatic vegetation configurations is relatively small.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an ecological slope protection material which has the advantages of good water purification effect and capability of ensuring the stability of ecological environment around a project.
The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the ecological slope protection material, so as to prepare the ecological slope protection material which has good water purification effect and can ensure the stability of the ecological environment around the engineering.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme.
On one hand, the embodiment of the application provides an ecological slope protection material, by weight, including the following components: 20-40 parts of acid-activated red mud, 50-80 parts of cement, 0.5-2 parts of foaming agent and 1-3 parts of polyaluminium chloride.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the acid-activated red mud is prepared by: grinding 20-40 parts by weight of red mud; washing the ground red mud with water and drying; mixing the dried red mud with an HCl solution, stirring for 1-3h, and performing centrifugal separation to obtain an acid-activated red mud primary finished product; and washing the primary acid-activated red mud finished product with water, and drying to obtain the acid-activated red mud finished product.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the red mud is ground to 100-300 mesh.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the ground red mud is washed with water to neutrality and then dried at 50-70 ℃.
In some embodiments of the invention, the concentration of the HCl solution is in the range of 0.10 to 0.5 mol/L.
In some embodiments of the invention, the liquid-to-solid ratio of the HCl solution to the dried red mud is 10-30 mL/g.
In some embodiments of the invention, the centrifugation is specifically to centrifuge the dried mixed solution of the red mud and the HCl solution at 5000r/min for 10-30 min.
In some embodiments of the invention, the acid-activated red mud primary product is washed with deionized water and then dried, specifically, the acid-activated red mud primary product is washed with deionized water to be neutral and then dried at 50-70 ℃.
On the other hand, the embodiment of the application provides a preparation method of ecological slope protection material, including the following steps: drying the acid activated red mud and cement, crushing and sieving to obtain a material 1; uniformly mixing the material 1 with a foaming agent and polyaluminium chloride to obtain a material 2, adding water in a weight ratio of 1 (2-4) to the material 2, and stirring and mixing to obtain a mixed solution; and (3) introducing the mixed solution into a mold for molding, cutting into particles, and drying to obtain the finished ecological slope protection material.
In some embodiments of the invention, the size of material 1 is 100-300 mesh, the size of the particles is 10-20mm, and the drying treatment is air drying the particles for 5-9 days.
Compared with the prior art, the embodiment of the invention has at least the following advantages or beneficial effects:
(1) the red mud is acidified by the method, because the acidified solid particles have more pores and larger specific surface area (the specific surface area of the particles which are not activated before acidification is 5.3177 m)2Per g, and the specific surface area of the particles prepared by acid activation was 33.2132m2The specific surface area of the solid particles is increased, so that the adsorption effect of the solid particles on water pollutants is good, when the solid particles are placed on the slope surface of a river channel through fixing devices such as gabion nets, the pollutants in the river water can be left in pores in the ecological slope protection material, the content of the pollutants in the river water can be effectively reduced, the water quality is improved, the eutrophication degree of the water body is reduced, and in addition, the residual space filled by the ecological slope protection material can leave a growth space for soil aquatic plants, so that the water quality can be effectively purified; simultaneously fully treats the red mudUtilizing OH on the surface of ecological slope protection material-Removing phosphorus in river water in a ligand exchange mode, and removing metal element Ca in red mud under certain conditions2+、Al3+、Fe3+Dissolving out, removing phosphorus (FeAl) (PO) to a certain extent3)3And Ca3(PO4)2The removal of the precipitate forms ensures that the surface calcium element after the dephosphorization is obviously higher than that before the dephosphorization, further indicates that the ion exchange and the precipitation are the important mechanisms of acid activated particles for adsorbing phosphate, realizes the purification of the water body, and simultaneously, OH-Reacting with acidic substances in river water to further purify the water body.
(2) The raw materials adopted by the invention are acid-activated red mud, cement, polyaluminium chloride and foaming agent, the materials are low in price, and the raw materials used as the raw materials of the ecological slope protection material can well reduce the slope protection cost, play a good role in slope protection, purify water and ensure the stability of the ecological environment around the engineering.
(3) According to the invention, cement is used as an adhesive, the matrix strength can be well enhanced, and the cement and the acid-activated red mud are added, so that the acid-activated red mud is fine in particle, and after the acid-activated red mud is mixed with the cement, the viscosity of the mixed red mud can be effectively enhanced, and meanwhile, the prepared ecological slope protection material has good physical properties and mechanical properties and environmental safety, so that on one hand, the water impact load resistance of the ecological slope protection material can be improved, on the other hand, the possibility is provided for the ecological slope protection material to be used as a building material of a water treatment structure, and the application area of the ecological slope protection material prepared by the method is wider.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
Fig. 1 is an XRD spectrum of the ecological slope protection material prepared in example 6 of the present invention;
fig. 2 is an XRD pattern of the ecological slope protection material prepared in example 6 of the present invention after removing phosphorus from a water body.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments in the present application may be combined with each other without conflict. The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples.
The ecological slope protection material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-40 parts of acid-activated red mud, 50-80 parts of cement, 0.5-2 parts of foaming agent and 1-3 parts of polyaluminium chloride.
By acidifying red mud, the specific surface area is increased by utilizing the large number of pores of solid particles after acidification (the specific surface area of particles which are not activated before acidification is 5.3177m2Per g, and the specific surface area of the particles prepared by acid activation was 33.2132m2/g), and because solid particle specific surface area's increase, make its adsorption effect to water pollutant better, place it on the river course domatic through fixing device such as gabion net when, pollutant in the river water can be stayed in mixing the hole in the ecological slope protection material, can effectively reduce the pollutant content in the river water, thereby promote quality of water, reduce water eutrophication degree, also to red mud make full use of simultaneously, the OH that ecological slope protection material surface had-Removing phosphorus in river water in a ligand exchange mode, and removing metal element Ca in red mud under certain conditions2+、Al3+、Fe3+Dissolving out, removing phosphorus (FeAl) (PO) to a certain extent3)3And Ca3(PO4)2Removing in an equal precipitation form to remove calcium element on the surface after phosphorus removalThe element is obviously higher than that before phosphorus removal, further illustrates that ion exchange and precipitation are important mechanisms for adsorbing phosphate by acid activated particles, realizes the purification of water, and simultaneously, OH-Reacting with acidic substances in river water to further purify the water body.
In some embodiments of the invention, the acid-activated red mud is prepared by a process comprising: grinding 20-40 parts by weight of red mud; washing the ground red mud with water and drying; mixing the dried red mud with an HCl solution, stirring for 1-3h, and performing centrifugal separation to obtain an acid-activated red mud primary finished product; and washing the primary acid-activated red mud finished product with water, and drying to obtain the acid-activated red mud finished product.
By acidifying red mud, the specific surface area is increased by utilizing the large number of pores of solid particles after acidification (the specific surface area of particles which are not activated before acidification is 5.3177m2Per g, and the specific surface area of the particles prepared by acid activation was 33.2132m2/g) and has better adsorption effect on water body pollutants due to the increase of the specific surface area of the solid particles.
In some embodiments of the present invention, the red mud is ground to 100-300 mesh.
In some embodiments of the invention, the ground red mud is washed with water to neutrality and then dried at a temperature of 50-70 ℃.
In some embodiments of the invention, the concentration of the HCl solution is in the range of 0.10 to 0.5 mol/L.
The HCl solution with the concentration of 0.10-0.5mol/L is added, so that the red mud has the best acidification effect.
In some embodiments of the invention, the liquid-to-solid ratio of the HCl solution to the dried red mud is 10-30 mL/g.
Under the liquid-solid ratio of 10-30mL/g, the acidification effect of the red mud can be the best.
In some embodiments of the invention, the centrifugation is specifically to centrifuge the dried mixed solution of the red mud and the HCl solution at 5000r/min for 10-30 min.
In some embodiments of the invention, the acid-activated red mud primary product is washed with deionized water and then dried, specifically, the acid-activated red mud primary product is washed with deionized water to be neutral and then dried at 50-70 ℃.
A preparation method of an ecological slope protection material comprises the following steps: drying the acid activated red mud and cement, crushing and sieving to obtain a material 1; uniformly mixing the material 1 with a foaming agent and polyaluminium chloride to obtain a material 2, adding water in a weight ratio of 1 (2-4) to the material 2, and stirring and mixing to obtain a mixed solution; and (4) introducing the mixed solution into a mold for molding, cutting into particles, and drying to obtain a cement finished product.
The invention mixes the acid activated red mud and cement, then mixes with foaming agent and polyaluminium chloride, finally adds water to form mixed liquid, forms the mixed liquid, cuts and dries the mixed liquid to obtain finished product, when the finished product is filled into fixing devices such as gabion net and the like and then is placed on the river slope, the pollutant in river can be left in the hole in the mixed ecological slope protection material, the pollutant content in river can be effectively reduced, thereby improving water quality, reducing water eutrophication degree, simultaneously fully utilizing red mud, and OH on the surface of the ecological slope protection material-Removing phosphorus in river water in a ligand exchange mode, and removing metal element Ca in red mud under certain conditions2+、Al3+、Fe3+Dissolving out, removing phosphorus (FeAl) (PO) to a certain extent3)3And Ca3(PO4)2The removal of the precipitate forms ensures that the surface calcium element after the dephosphorization is obviously higher than that before the dephosphorization, further indicates that the ion exchange and the precipitation are the important mechanisms of acid activated particles for adsorbing phosphate, realizes the purification of the water body, and simultaneously, OH-Reacting with acidic substances in river water to further purify the water body.
In some embodiments of the invention, the size of material 1 is 100-300 mesh, the size of the particles is 10-20mm, and the drying treatment is air drying the particles for 5-9 days.
The features and properties of the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to examples.
Example 1
A preparation method of acid activated red mud comprises the following steps:
grinding 40g of red mud, and sieving the ground red mud with a 100-mesh sieve;
washing the ground red mud to be neutral, and drying at the temperature of 50 ℃;
mixing and stirring the dried red mud with 0.1mol/L and 400mL of HCl solution for 2 hours at normal temperature and normal pressure, and centrifuging at the rotating speed of 4000r/min for 10 minutes to obtain an acid activated red mud primary finished product;
and washing the primary acid-activated red mud finished product with water to be neutral, and drying at 50 ℃ to obtain the acid-activated red mud finished product.
Example 2
A preparation method of acid activated red mud comprises the following steps:
grinding 40g of red mud, and sieving the ground red mud with a 100-mesh sieve;
washing the ground red mud to be neutral, and drying at the temperature of 60 ℃;
mixing the dried red mud with 0.25mol/L and 800mL of HCl solution at normal temperature and normal pressure, stirring for 2h, and centrifuging at the rotating speed of 5000r/min for 15min to obtain an acid activated red mud primary finished product;
and washing the primary acid-activated red mud finished product with water to be neutral, and drying at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain the acid-activated red mud finished product.
Example 3
A preparation method of acid activated red mud comprises the following steps:
grinding 40g of red mud, and screening the ground red mud through a 300-mesh sieve;
washing the ground red mud to be neutral, and drying at the temperature of 60 ℃;
mixing the dried red mud with 0.5mol/L and 1200mL of HCl solution at normal temperature and normal pressure, stirring for 3h, and centrifuging at the rotating speed of 5000r/min for 30min to obtain an acid activated red mud primary finished product;
and washing the primary acid-activated red mud finished product with water to be neutral, and drying at the temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain the acid-activated red mud finished product.
Example 4
A preparation method of an ecological slope protection material comprises the following steps:
after 20g of the acid-activated red mud prepared in example 2 and 50g of cement were dried, they were pulverized and sieved with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain a material 1;
uniformly mixing the material 1 with 0.5g of foaming agent and 1g of polyaluminium chloride to obtain a material 2, adding 71.5g of water, and stirring and mixing to obtain a mixed solution;
and (3) introducing the mixed solution into a mold for molding, cutting into particles with the size of 10-20mm, and air-drying for 5 days to obtain a finished product of the ecological slope protection material.
Example 5
A preparation method of an ecological slope protection material comprises the following steps:
drying 25g of the acid-activated red mud prepared in example 2 and 60g of cement, crushing, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain a material 1;
uniformly mixing the material 1 with 0.5g of foaming agent and 1g of polyaluminium chloride to obtain a material 2, adding 173g of water, and stirring and mixing to obtain a mixed solution;
and (3) introducing the mixed solution into a mold for molding, cutting into particles with the size of 10-20mm, and air-drying for 6 days to obtain a finished product of the ecological slope protection material.
Example 6
A preparation method of an ecological slope protection material comprises the following steps:
taking 29g of the acid-activated red mud prepared in example 2 and 68g of cement, drying, crushing, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain a material 1;
uniformly mixing the material 1 with 1g of foaming agent and 2g of polyaluminium chloride to obtain a material 2, adding 300g of water, and stirring and mixing to obtain a mixed solution;
and (3) introducing the mixed solution into a mold for molding, cutting into particles with the size of 10-20mm, and air-drying for 7 days to obtain a finished product of the ecological slope protection material.
Example 7
A preparation method of an ecological slope protection material comprises the following steps:
drying 30g of the acid-activated red mud prepared in example 2 and 75g of cement, crushing, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain a material 1;
uniformly mixing the material 1 with 1.5g of foaming agent and 2.5g of polyaluminium chloride to obtain a material 2, adding 327g of water, and stirring and mixing to obtain a mixed solution;
and (3) introducing the mixed solution into a mold for molding, cutting into particles with the size of 10-20mm, and air-drying for 8 days to obtain a finished product of the ecological slope protection material.
Example 8
A preparation method of an ecological slope protection material comprises the following steps:
drying 40g of the acid-activated red mud prepared in example 2 and 80g of cement, crushing, and sieving with a 100-mesh sieve to obtain a material 1;
uniformly mixing the material 1 with 2g of foaming agent and 3g of polyaluminium chloride to obtain a material 2, adding 500g of water, and stirring and mixing to obtain a mixed solution;
and (3) introducing the mixed solution into a mold for molding, cutting into particles with the size of 10-20mm, and air-drying for 8 days to obtain a finished product of the ecological slope protection material.
Comparative example
The difference from example 6 is that the red mud used without activation comprises the following steps:
drying 29g of dried red mud which is not subjected to acid activation and 68g of cement, crushing and sieving by a 100-mesh sieve to obtain a material 1;
uniformly mixing the material 1 with 1g of foaming agent and 2g of polyaluminium chloride to obtain a material 2, adding 300g of water, and stirring and mixing to obtain a mixed solution;
and (3) introducing the mixed solution into a mold for molding, cutting into particles with the size of 10-20mm, and air-drying for 7 days to obtain a finished product of the ecological slope protection material.
Examples of the experiments
Firstly, XRD analysis is carried out on the ecological slope protection material prepared in the example 6, and the result is shown in figure 1; the ecological slope protection material prepared in example 6 was put into the sewage to be treated and with high phosphorus content, and after waiting for 1 to 3 days, the used ecological slope protection material was taken out and subjected to XRD analysis, and the results are shown in fig. 2.
As shown in FIG. 1, which is an XRD analysis pattern of the ecological slope protection material prepared in example 6, Fe can be clearly seen on the pattern2O3、Fe3O4、AlSiO5And Ca2+The phase of (a); and as shown in fig. 2, which is an XRD analysis pattern of the used ecological slope protection material prepared in example 6, Fe is shown in the pattern2O3、Fe3O4、AlSiO5Has significantly reduced phase and increased (FeAl) (PO)3)3、Ca3(PO4)2And (FeAl) (PO)3) The phase of the organic phosphate shows that the phosphate in the sewage is effectively absorbed, in particular because the ecological slope protection material has OH on the surface-Removing phosphorus in a ligand exchange mode, and removing a metal element Ca in the red mud under certain conditions2+、Al3+、Fe3+Dissolving out, removing phosphorus (FeAl) (PO) to a certain extent3)3And Ca3(PO4)2The sediment forms are got rid of for surface calcium element is obviously higher than before using after using, has also proved that the ecological bank protection material of this application preparation can effectual absorption river water pollutant, water purification when using in the river course.
And (II) measuring the specific surface area of the ecological slope protection material prepared in the comparative example and the specific surface area of the ecological slope protection material prepared in the example 6, wherein the red mud used in the comparative example is the red mud which is not subjected to acid activation treatment, and the red mud used in the ecological slope protection material prepared in the example 6 is the red mud which is subjected to acid activation treatment. According to the analysis of the specific surface area, the specific surface area of the ecological slope protection material prepared in proportion is 5.3177m2(g) and the specific surface area of the ecological slope protection material prepared in example 6 is 33.2132m2In comparison, the specific surface area of the ecological slope protection material prepared in example 6 is much larger than that of the ecological slope protection material prepared in the comparative example, so that it can be presumed that the adsorption effect of the ecological slope protection material on phosphorus is far better than that of the ecological slope protection material prepared in the comparative example, and when the ecological slope protection material prepared in example 6 is placed in sewage, the phosphorus content in the sewage can be effectively reduced, so that the water quality is improved, the eutrophication degree of the water body is reduced, and the red mud is fully utilized.
And (iii) the ecological slope protection material prepared in example 6 is subjected to a compression resistance test, and the obtained result is 400.19KN, so that the ecological slope protection material prepared in the application has stronger compression resistance, and the ecological slope protection material prepared in the application has better physical property and mechanical property and better water impact resistance load capacity.
By integrating the results of the first and second analyses, the increase of the specific surface area of the ecological slope protection material prepared in example 6 is mainly due to the formation of amorphous semi-shaped Fe and Al compounds (Fe and Al are main components of red mud) in the acidified ecological slope protection material, while the amorphous semi-shaped Fe and Al compounds have large pores and outstanding phosphorus adsorption effect.
In summary, the ecological slope protection material according to the embodiment of the present invention acidifies the red mud, and utilizes the large number of pores and the large specific surface area of the acidified solid particles (the specific surface area of the particles that are not activated before acidification is 5.3177 m)2Per g, and the specific surface area of the particles prepared by acid activation was 33.2132m2/g), and because solid particle specific surface area's increase, make its adsorption effect to water pollutant better, place it on the river course domatic through fixing device such as gabion net when, pollutant in the river water can be stayed in mixing the hole in the ecological slope protection material, can effectively reduce the pollutant content in the river water, thereby promote quality of water, reduce water eutrophication degree, also to red mud make full use of simultaneously, the OH that ecological slope protection material surface had-Removing phosphorus in river water in a ligand exchange mode, and removing metal element Ca in red mud under certain conditions2+、Al3+、Fe3+Dissolving out, removing phosphorus (FeAl) (PO) to a certain extent3)3And Ca3(PO4)2The removal of the precipitate forms ensures that the surface calcium element after the dephosphorization is obviously higher than that before the dephosphorization, further indicates that the ion exchange and the precipitation are the important mechanisms of acid activated particles for adsorbing phosphate, realizes the purification of the water body, and simultaneously, OH-Reacting with acidic substances in river water to further purify the water body.
The embodiments described above are some, but not all embodiments of the invention. The detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The ecological slope protection material is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 20-40 parts of acid-activated red mud, 50-80 parts of cement, 0.5-2 parts of foaming agent and 1-3 parts of polyaluminium chloride.
2. The ecological slope protection material of claim 1, wherein the acid-activated red mud is prepared by the following method:
grinding 20-40 parts by weight of red mud;
washing the ground red mud with water and drying;
mixing the dried red mud with an HCl solution, stirring for 1-3h, and performing centrifugal separation to obtain an acid-activated red mud primary finished product;
and washing the primary acid-activated red mud finished product with water, and drying to obtain the acid-activated red mud finished product.
3. The ecological slope protection material as claimed in claim 2, wherein the red mud is ground to 100-300 mesh.
4. The ecological slope protection material of claim 2, wherein the ground red mud is washed with water to neutrality and then dried at a temperature of 50-70 ℃.
5. The ecological slope protection material of claim 2, wherein the concentration of the HCl solution is 0.1-0.5 mol/L.
6. The ecological slope protection material of claim 2, wherein the liquid-solid ratio of the HCl solution to the dried red mud is 10-30 mL/g.
7. The ecological slope protection material of claim 2, wherein the centrifugation is specifically to centrifuge the dried mixed solution of red mud and HCl solution at 5000r/min for 10-30 min.
8. The ecological slope protection material of claim 2, wherein the step of washing and drying the primary acid-activated red mud product with deionized water is to wash the primary acid-activated red mud product with deionized water to neutrality and then dry the primary acid-activated red mud product at a temperature of 50-70 ℃.
9. A method for preparing the ecological slope protection material as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, which comprises the following steps:
drying, crushing and sieving the acid activated red mud and cement to obtain a material 1;
uniformly mixing the material 1 with a foaming agent and polyaluminium chloride to obtain a material 2, adding water in a weight ratio of 1 (2-4) to the material 2, and stirring and mixing to obtain a mixed solution;
and (3) introducing the mixed solution into a mold for molding, cutting into particles, and drying to obtain the finished ecological slope protection material.
10. The ecological slope protection material as claimed in claim 9, wherein the size of the material 1 is 100-300 mesh, the size of the particles is 10-20mm, and the drying treatment is air drying the particles for 5-9 days.
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