CN112476057A - Numerical control machine tool screw rod thermal error measuring device and method - Google Patents
Numerical control machine tool screw rod thermal error measuring device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112476057A CN112476057A CN202011337965.1A CN202011337965A CN112476057A CN 112476057 A CN112476057 A CN 112476057A CN 202011337965 A CN202011337965 A CN 202011337965A CN 112476057 A CN112476057 A CN 112476057A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field related to numerical control measurement, and particularly discloses a device and a method for measuring thermal error of a screw rod of a numerical control machine tool. The device comprises a base and a measuring marker post, wherein a plurality of mounting holes are formed in the base and are used for being connected with the measuring marker post, and the mounting position of the measuring marker post on the base is adjusted by replacing different mounting holes; the measuring marker post comprises a columnar body and a measuring plane arranged in the middle of the columnar body, the diameter of the measuring plane is larger than that of the columnar body, the measuring head of the numerical control machine tool measures the actual movement distance moving from the initial position to the measuring plane, and the actual movement distance is compared with a preset instruction distance to obtain the thermal error deformation of the screw rod. The invention also discloses a measuring method of the measuring device. The invention has the advantages of simple measuring process, high measuring precision, shortened measuring time and reduced cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field related to numerical control measurement, and particularly relates to a device and a method for measuring thermal error of a screw rod of a numerical control machine tool.
Background
The thermal error of the screw rod of the numerical control machine tool is an important factor influencing the machining precision, researches show that the thermal error of the machine tool accounts for 40% -70% of the comprehensive error, and methods for reducing the thermal error comprise an error prevention method and an error compensation method. Among other things, thermal error compensation methods have many advantages, such as low cost relative to active thermal control, accounting for thermal errors that cannot be eliminated by structural design, etc. Usually, the thermal error compensation cannot be separated from the modeling process, and modeling not only needs to collect thermal error data, but also needs data such as temperature, current, rotating speed and the like related to the thermal error data, so that synchronous data collection is necessary.
The thermal error measurement of the machine tool lead screw usually adopts instruments such as a plane grating, a laser interferometer and the like. Besides the above instruments, other methods can be adopted to measure the spatial thermal error of the machine tool. In a measurement device and a measurement method for spatial thermal errors disclosed in patent CN105817953A, a measurement component made of indium steel and a displacement sensor are used to measure spatial thermal errors, wherein the displacement sensor is used to measure thermal errors; in a geometric/thermal error on-line measurement and compensation system of a numerical control machine tool in a patent CN109623499A, an acceleration sensor is adopted to carry out rapid measurement on thermal errors; in the system and the method for automatically measuring the thermal error of the numerical control machine tool in the actual cutting state of the patent CN104999342A, a measuring head is adopted to measure the thermal error of the machine tool; the thermal error of the screw rod of the numerical control machine tool can also be measured by adopting a laser interferometer; the laser interferometer needs to be installed, operated to light and the like, and the operation is complex. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the complexity of the operation.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above defects or improvement requirements of the prior art, the present invention provides a device and a method for measuring thermal error of a screw rod of a numerically controlled machine tool, wherein the structure of the measuring device is integrally constructed, the structure of the measuring device is simplified, the measuring time is shortened, and the complexity of the thermal error collection of the screw rod is reduced.
To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a numerically controlled machine tool screw thermal error measuring device, comprising a base and a measuring post, wherein:
the base is provided with a plurality of mounting holes, the mounting holes are used for being connected with the measuring marker post, and the mounting position of the measuring marker post on the base is adjusted by replacing different mounting holes;
the measuring marker post comprises a columnar body and a measuring plane arranged in the middle of the columnar body, the diameter of the measuring plane is larger than that of the columnar body, the measuring head of the numerical control machine tool measures the actual movement distance moving from the initial position to the measuring plane, and the actual movement distance is compared with a preset instruction distance to obtain the thermal error deformation of the screw rod.
Further preferably, the side surface of the measuring mark post is provided with a cutting plane, and the cutting plane is used for increasing the stress surface of the measuring mark post.
Further preferably, both ends of the measuring marker post are provided with connecting ports, and the measuring marker posts are connected through the connecting ports, so that the length of the measuring marker post is changed.
Further preferably, the number of the measurement planes is one or more.
Further preferably, the diameter of the columnar body above the measuring plane is gradually reduced to prevent interference during the measuring process.
Further preferably, the measuring marker post is made of indium steel with a small thermal expansion coefficient, so that deformation caused by small thermal stress is avoided.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a measuring method of the above measuring apparatus, characterized in that the method comprises the steps of:
s1, the measuring device is placed on a workbench of a numerical control machine tool, a measuring head moves to a measuring plane of the measuring device from the initial position, the movement distance of the measuring head is recorded, the movement distance is a calibration distance, and the current position of the measuring device is a calibration position;
s2, the screw rod deforms under the action of thermal stress, the measuring device is kept unchanged at the calibration position, the measuring head moves to the measuring plane from the initial position again, and the actual distance of the movement of the measuring head at the moment is recorded;
s3, subtracting the actual distance obtained in the step S2 from the calibrated distance obtained in the step S1 to obtain the thermal error deformation of the screw rod.
Generally, compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the measuring device provided by the invention has a simple structure, the diameter of the measuring plane is larger than that of the measuring plane, so that the measuring plane protrudes out of the columnar body, the measuring head is more easily contacted with the measuring plane in the measuring process, the contact probability with other planes is reduced, the measuring time is shortened, and the measuring accuracy is improved;
2. the measuring device provided by the invention has the advantages that the number of the measuring marker posts is adjustable, the height of the measuring marker posts can be adjusted by connecting one or more measuring marker posts, the measuring device is suitable for measuring requirements of different numerical control machines, meanwhile, diversified selection of the measuring planes is further realized by arranging one or more measuring planes, the application range and the measuring requirements are further improved, the universality of the measuring device is improved, and the measuring process is simplified;
3. compared with the existing measuring mode adopting other instruments such as a laser interferometer and a plane grating, the measuring method provided by the invention has the advantages that the structure of the device is simple, the measuring cost is low, and the measuring cost is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a measurement device constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a survey pole constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a base constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic plan view of a stylus touch measurement constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged partial view of a stylus touch measurement plane constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a numerically controlled measuring system constructed in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
The same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like elements or structures, wherein:
1-measuring plane, 2-columnar body, 3-connecting port, 4-mounting hole and 5-cutting plane.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
As shown in figure 1, the measuring device is divided into a measuring marker post and a base which are directly connected with the base, the measuring marker post which is directly connected with the base can be assembled for use so as to meet actual measuring requirements, and connecting ports are arranged at two ends of the measuring marker post and are used for connecting the connecting portions of the measuring marker post and the base into a whole and connecting portions of other measuring marker posts upwards. The measuring marker post is provided with one or more measuring planes for measurement, and the measuring planes need to be finely processed to ensure sufficient precision; the measuring plane needs to be as small as possible to reduce the processing difficulty and improve the measuring precision, but at the same time, enough safety margin should be left to facilitate the operation. When in measurement, the measuring head measuring needle is used for touching the plane, and then a trigger signal is generated.
As shown in fig. 2, a plurality of measuring benchmarks can be sequentially installed, the measuring range is determined according to actual needs, the number of the measuring benchmarks required for measurement is determined, the measuring planes are arranged at different heights, and the measurement of different positions of the screw rod is realized; the measuring benchmarks can be connected with each other quickly, can be connected by threads and can also be connected by other modes.
As shown in fig. 3, the base is fixed on the machine tool workbench, and a plurality of mounting positions are arranged on the base, so that the proper mounting positions are selected on the basis of avoiding the machine tool and the measuring device from touching according to the characteristics of different machine tools.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the measuring method of the measuring apparatus specifically includes the following steps:
s1, the measuring device is placed on a workbench of a numerical control machine tool, a measuring head moves to a measuring plane of the measuring device from the initial position, the movement distance of the measuring head is recorded, the movement distance is a calibration distance, and the current position of the measuring device is a calibration position;
s2, the screw rod deforms under the action of thermal stress, the measuring device is kept unchanged at the calibration position, the measuring head moves to the measuring plane from the initial position again, and the actual distance of the movement of the measuring head at the moment is recorded;
s3, subtracting the actual distance obtained in the step S2 from the calibrated distance obtained in the step S1 to obtain the thermal error deformation of the screw rod.
As shown in fig. 6, the overall working process of the numerical control measuring system using the measuring device of the present invention for measurement is as follows:
(a) triggering the connection of the measuring head receiver and the numerical control machine tool:
the hardware is connected with the receiver and the numerical control machine tool, and the receiver is arranged at a fixed position of the machine tool and is convenient for receiving signals.
And normal connection among the measuring head, the receiver and the numerical control machine tool is ensured under the condition that no fault exists in the measuring head, the receiver and the numerical control machine tool. The receiver is connected with the numerical control device through a wiring. The measuring head and the receiver transmit information through optical signals, and the operation of the measuring head is ensured to be within an effective receiving range of the receiver during installation, so that accidents are prevented.
It is important to determine that the machine tool supports the positioning measurement function, otherwise, the measurement process cannot be completed. And the PLC logic is changed, so that the measuring head can be opened and closed by the numerical control device, and when a trigger signal is generated, the movement in the current direction is stopped in time by the measuring and positioning function. Meanwhile, the current position information can be read by the numerical control system and used for converting the thermal error.
(b) Mounting of probes
The measuring heads with different sizes and specifications are adopted according to actual conditions, the measuring heads are clamped on the main shaft through the tool shank, and the configuration of the measuring heads is adjusted according to the actual conditions.
(c) Combined measuring part
The parts are assembled, the assembled parts are composed of planes with different heights, different planes are used for measuring thermal errors of different positions of the screw rod, each plane is sequentially measured in one actual measurement process according to the sequence, and different planes correspond to different machine tool coordinate positions.
The measuring device provided by the invention has a small thermal expansion coefficient, and simultaneously ensures the processing precision, wherein the material is indium steel but is not limited to indium steel. According to the measurement requirement and range, the position of the Z axis to be measured is added, and the measurement assembly is required to be simple and reliable and can be connected through threads. Meanwhile, when the measuring parts are installed, firm installation is ensured. If the mounting is not sufficiently secure, the stylus may be knocked off if the part position shifts during operation of the machine tool.
(d) Compiling measurement code
The functions to be completed by the measuring code comprise the opening and closing of a measuring head and positioning measurement. The data of positioning measurement is related to the measurement part, the self-made measurement part has known size and meets the requirement of part precision, the single-stage operation is carried out at a lower feeding speed during the initial test, the measurement code is ensured to be correct, and the feeding speed is changed to carry out rapid measurement after the completion.
The measuring code needs to be written according to the size of the assembled body after assembly, the measuring code needs to have accurate data enough to support the measuring process, the measurement of each plane is guaranteed to be carried out strictly according to the sequence, the moving process needs to be carried out quickly to the position close to the position needing to be measured, and then the moving speed is changed to finish the measurement slowly. And a touch signal is generated during measurement and used for locking the machine tool, the coordinate value at the moment is recorded and used for converting the thermal error, and after the touch is finished, the machine tool needs to be moved away from the touch position, then the machine tool is quickly removed from the measurement plane, moved to the height of the next measurement plane, then moved to the position right above the measurement plane and slowly finished the measurement process. For the measurement process requiring a large measurement range, a lateral measurement mode is required to complete the measurement of the lowest plane. The actual measurement needs to be manually moved to the tool setting position, the actual position is input in the measurement code, and all subsequent measurement processes are determined by the position, so that the programming is facilitated, and the occurrence of a tool bumping event is avoided.
For the first measuring plane of the measuring code, the measuring code ensures that the measuring head can move to the upper part of the plane from any position, and then the measuring head is quickly positioned in other directions, so that the measuring head is strictly prevented from being damaged. Before measurement, the feeding data is ensured to be correct, the measurement is carried out for the first time, the operation is carried out in an idle mode, the determined size is normal, a machine tool receives signals in time when a measuring head is triggered, the current position is locked, the measuring head can be touched by hands if necessary, and the measuring head is prevented from being broken.
According to the device provided by the invention, in actual measurement, a numerical control machine tool is used for completing the measurement process, so that the automatic measurement process is improved. By means of quick positioning of the machine tool, slow measurement is started after the positioning is finished so as to ensure the precision; if the measurement position of the lead screw needs to be added or reduced in the measurement process, only the measurement plane needs to be added or reduced and the G code needs to be modified, so that the implementation process is simple, and the measurement process of the thermal error of the lead screw is greatly simplified; the measuring marker post of the invention adopts the material with extremely small thermal expansion coefficient, reduces the part deformation caused by temperature factors, and ensures the measuring effectiveness.
After the existing laser interferometer is used for measurement, the existing laser interferometer needs to be taken down and stored properly, and needs to be reinstalled when the existing laser interferometer is used for next measurement, and for skilled operators, the measurement time depends on the proficiency level. For repeated experiments, the measuring device provided by the invention replaces codes for measurement, and the only need to ensure that the first position measurement is error-free, and the codes for the subsequent measurement are not required to be changed; the method is more convenient to install, the final measurement result depends on the repeated precision of the measuring head and the real-time performance of the numerical control machine tool on external signal processing, and the actual thermal deformation is reflected in an incremental mode; the installation of the parts only needs to be ensured within a certain range so as to ensure that the measurement program can normally run; according to the invention, the measuring head is adopted to touch the measuring plane, and the measuring head is convenient to use and low in cost relative to the laser interferometer, so that the measuring cost is greatly reduced.
According to the screw thermal error measurement scheme provided by the invention, the position of the numerical control system in touch is read, the thermal deformation of the screw is indirectly obtained, the thermal deformation is read together with other data, the unified acquisition of the data is realized, and the desynchrony of the thermal error data acquired by the laser interferometer and the data of the numerical control system such as current and rotating speed is avoided.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a digit control machine tool lead screw thermal error measuring device, its characterized in that, the device include base and measurement sighting rod, wherein:
the base is provided with a plurality of mounting holes, the mounting holes are used for being connected with the measuring marker post, and the mounting position of the measuring marker post on the base is adjusted by replacing different mounting holes;
the measuring marker post comprises a columnar body (2) and a measuring plane (1) arranged in the middle of the columnar body, the diameter of the measuring plane (1) is larger than that of the columnar body (2), a measuring head of the numerical control machine tool measures the actual movement distance from the initial position to the measuring plane, and the actual movement distance is compared with a preset instruction distance to obtain the thermal error deformation of the screw rod.
2. The numerical control machine tool screw thermal error measuring device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the side surface of the measuring standard is provided with a cutting plane (5) for enlarging the stress surface of the measuring standard.
3. The numerical control machine tool screw thermal error measuring device as claimed in claim 1, wherein both ends of the measuring target are provided with connecting ports (3), and a plurality of measuring targets are connected through the connecting ports, so as to change the length of the measuring target.
4. A numerically controlled machine tool screw thermal error measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of said measuring planes (1) is one or more.
5. The numerical control machine tool screw thermal error measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that the diameter of the columnar body (2) above the measuring plane is gradually reduced to prevent interference in the measuring process.
6. The numerical control machine tool screw rod thermal error measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the measuring benchmarks are made of indium steel with a small thermal expansion coefficient, so that deformation caused by small thermal stress is avoided.
7. A measuring method of a measuring device according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:
s1, the measuring device is placed on a workbench of a numerical control machine tool, a measuring head moves to a measuring plane of the measuring device from the initial position, the movement distance of the measuring head is recorded, the movement distance is a calibration distance, and the current position of the measuring device is a calibration position;
s2, the screw rod deforms under the action of thermal stress, the measuring device is kept unchanged at the calibration position, the measuring head moves to the measuring plane from the initial position again, and the actual distance of the movement of the measuring head at the moment is recorded;
s3, subtracting the actual distance obtained in the step S2 from the calibrated distance obtained in the step S1 to obtain the thermal error deformation of the screw rod.
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| CN202011337965.1A CN112476057A (en) | 2020-11-25 | 2020-11-25 | Numerical control machine tool screw rod thermal error measuring device and method |
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Application publication date: 20210312 |