CN112375005A - 一种氯胺酮、其衍生物或其盐的消旋化方法 - Google Patents
一种氯胺酮、其衍生物或其盐的消旋化方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN112375005A CN112375005A CN202010377152.9A CN202010377152A CN112375005A CN 112375005 A CN112375005 A CN 112375005A CN 202010377152 A CN202010377152 A CN 202010377152A CN 112375005 A CN112375005 A CN 112375005A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- solvent
- ketamine
- acetate
- racemization
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- 230000006340 racemization Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- YQEZLKZALYSWHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ketamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(Cl)C=1C1(NC)CCCCC1=O YQEZLKZALYSWHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 229960003299 ketamine Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- YQEZLKZALYSWHR-CYBMUJFWSA-N (R)-(+)-ketamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=C(Cl)C=1[C@]1(NC)CCCCC1=O YQEZLKZALYSWHR-CYBMUJFWSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 56
- MTZQAGJQAFMTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl benzoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 MTZQAGJQAFMTAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 48
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 29
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 18
- WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron trifluoride Chemical compound FB(F)F WTEOIRVLGSZEPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl sulfoxide Natural products CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical group CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N decalin Chemical compound C1CCCC2CCCCC21 NNBZCPXTIHJBJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- KZMGYPLQYOPHEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron trifluoride etherate Chemical compound FB(F)F.CCOCC KZMGYPLQYOPHEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910015900 BF3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1 WVDDGKGOMKODPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QUKGYYKBILRGFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OCC1=CC=CC=C1 QUKGYYKBILRGFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acetate Chemical compound CCCCOC(C)=O DKPFZGUDAPQIHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XUPYJHCZDLZNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl butanoate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)CCC XUPYJHCZDLZNFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)O LZCLXQDLBQLTDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- MLFHJEHSLIIPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoamyl acetate Chemical compound CC(C)CCOC(C)=O MLFHJEHSLIIPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QPJVMBTYPHYUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl benzoate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 QPJVMBTYPHYUOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl acetate Chemical compound CCCOC(C)=O YKYONYBAUNKHLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical group CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1 HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- GWHJZXXIDMPWGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C)C(C)=C1 GWHJZXXIDMPWGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dichlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1Cl RFFLAFLAYFXFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- AUHZEENZYGFFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1 AUHZEENZYGFFBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC=CC2=C1 YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical compound CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical compound CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Para-Xylene Chemical group CC1=CC=C(C)C=C1 URLKBWYHVLBVBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- ILAHWRKJUDSMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron tribromide Chemical compound BrB(Br)Br ILAHWRKJUDSMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OCKPCBLVNKHBMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N butylbenzene Chemical compound CCCCC1=CC=CC=C1 OCKPCBLVNKHBMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N caprylic alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- RWGFKTVRMDUZSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N cumene Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWGFKTVRMDUZSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen cyanide Chemical compound N#C LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PHTQWCKDNZKARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoamylol Chemical compound CC(C)CCO PHTQWCKDNZKARW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoquinoline Chemical compound C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-LWMBPPNESA-N levotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-LWMBPPNESA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- IVSZLXZYQVIEFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N m-xylene Chemical group CC1=CC=CC(C)=C1 IVSZLXZYQVIEFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZWRUINPWMLAQRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCO ZWRUINPWMLAQRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC BKIMMITUMNQMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical compound OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003880 polar aprotic solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ODLMAHJVESYWTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylbenzene Chemical compound CCCC1=CC=CC=C1 ODLMAHJVESYWTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- YTZKOQUCBOVLHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butylbenzene Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 YTZKOQUCBOVLHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- BGHCVCJVXZWKCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecane Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC BGHCVCJVXZWKCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M triflate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- VNDYJBBGRKZCSX-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc bromide Chemical compound Br[Zn]Br VNDYJBBGRKZCSX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- HNAGHMKIPMKKBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzylpyrrolidine-3-carboxamide Chemical compound C1C(C(=O)N)CCN1CC1=CC=CC=C1 HNAGHMKIPMKKBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-sulfanylethyl)isoindole-1,3-dione Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)N(CCS)C(=O)C2=C1 UHOPWFKONJYLCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- CPIVYSAVIPTCCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylpentan-2-yl acetate Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)OC(C)=O CPIVYSAVIPTCCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- LPEKGGXMPWTOCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8beta-(2,3-epoxy-2-methylbutyryloxy)-14-acetoxytithifolin Natural products COC(=O)C(C)O LPEKGGXMPWTOCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- GYCKQBWUSACYIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl salicylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O GYCKQBWUSACYIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FEXQDZTYJVXMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropyl benzoate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 FEXQDZTYJVXMOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229940005667 ethyl salicylate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-M heptanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCC([O-])=O MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
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- TXUICONDJPYNPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N (1,10,13-trimethyl-3-oxo-4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl) heptanoate Chemical compound C1CC2CC(=O)C=C(C)C2(C)C2C1C1CCC(OC(=O)CCCCCC)C1(C)CC2 TXUICONDJPYNPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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- XDVOLDOITVSJGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,7-dihydroxy-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3,5,7-tetraborabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Chemical compound O1B(O)OB2OB(O)OB1O2 XDVOLDOITVSJGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-azaniumyl-2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound NCC(O)C(O)=O BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
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Abstract
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种氯胺酮、其衍生物或其盐的消旋化方法。
背景技术
盐酸氯胺酮(相应的(S)-对映体和(R)-对映体的外消旋混合物,其结构如下的化合物1所示),是NMDA受体拮抗剂,自1962年开始在临床应用至今,因其作为唯一具有镇痛、镇静作用的静脉麻醉药,既可用于麻醉诱导又可进行麻醉维持,广泛应用于小儿手术、心包填塞患者手术、休克患者等手术中,同时也是中国人民解放军总后勤部战备药材储备品种。重症监护中的镇静作用,镇痛以及治疗支气管痉挛。
因氯胺酮用药后苏醒时间长、存在精神系统和循环系统副作用,一定程度上限制了其临床应用,但其对小儿患者(小儿创伤、心脏病的麻醉诱导以及恶性高热高危患儿首选的麻醉方法)、血流不稳定患者、休克患者(有较强的拟肾上腺作用,可以安全地用于休克病人的诱导)等弱势群体具有显著的临床优势。
(S)-氯胺酮(或艾司氯胺酮)对NMDA受体具有更高的效能和亲和力,因此所需剂量更少,而且研究表明(S)-氯胺酮的活性要大于(R)-氯胺酮,(S)-氯胺酮所产生的镇痛和安眠作用强度分别是(R)-氯胺酮的3倍和1.5倍,麻醉作用强度是(R)-氯胺酮的3.4倍,是外消旋混合物的1.9倍,而产生幻觉的副作用则主要归因于(R)-氯胺酮。2019年3月5日,美国FDA批准了强生旗下杨森制药的(S)-氯胺酮鼻腔喷雾制剂Spravato与其它口服抗抑郁药物联用用于对标准疗法耐药成人的重度抑郁治疗。与传统抗抑郁药不同,(S)-氯胺酮的作用机制是通过调节谷氨酸受体达到增强大脑突触连接的作用,可帮助修复抑郁症患者大脑细胞的神经连接。
目前,科学界对艾司氯胺酮的合成进行了深入的研究,主要存在问题是成本高,工业化生产困难。因此,开发艾司氯胺具有重要的经济和社会效益。
根据文献报道,艾司氯胺酮的合成主要分为两类方法:
(1)手性不对称合成其唯一的手性中心,该法使用昂贵的手性催化剂或者手性辅剂,总收率低,成本较高,无法工业化生产。
例如,文献Tetrahedron,2009,65(27),p5181-5191;报道了的合成艾司氯胺酮的方法主要是使用了Noyori手性催化剂(S)-BINAL-H来构建手性中心,具体地,亲核取代、关环反应构建环己基环,再通过格式反应引入甲基酮,再经Noyori手性催化剂(S)-BINAL-H不对称催化还原酮,建立手性中心。该关键使用到昂贵的手性催化剂,反应在超低温度-100℃,该路线用到NaH、LiAlH4、CH3I等危险试剂,反应步骤冗长需要9步才能制得艾司氯胺酮,且总收率仅为21%,难以规模化生产,具体合成参考路线一。
文献Journal of the American Chemical Society,2015,137(9),p3205-3208;报道的方法为:以邻氯苯基环己基酮为起始原料,与二叔丁基偶氮二甲酸酯不对称胺化反应构建手性中心,再经脱Boc、还原制得(S)-去甲氯胺酮,然后经还原胺化反应制得艾司氯胺酮。该路线关键步骤使用尚未商业化的手性催化剂,价格昂贵;最后一步还原胺化反应收率仅为52%,而且很难控制过度甲基化的杂质的含量。因此,该路线总收率30%,反应试剂成本较高,产品杂质多,很难实现工业化大规模生产。
(2)手性拆分,即对消旋氯胺酮用L-(+)-酒石酸进行拆分,获得艾司氯胺酮,如文献WO 2001098265 A2中报道,见以下路线三。
对消旋氯胺酮1的合成,在先前的文献中已有报道,例如:
文献J Label Compd Radiopharm.2018;61:p864-868报道的路线:以邻氯苯腈为起始原料,与环戊基溴化镁经格式反应制得环戊基酮中间体,再依次经溴化铜溴代,甲胺化反应得关键中间体羟亚胺,再经高温重排制得消旋氯胺酮;见以下路线四。该方法工艺成熟,原料易得,成本较低。该方法是国内外广泛采用的氯胺酮的制备方法。
为了降低生产成本,消旋体拆分后不需要的另一半废弃物一般都会研究其消旋的方式,尽可能的转化为消旋体进而拆分出目标构型,以此达到节约成本的目的。目前常规的拆分方法一般有高温诱导消旋、碱催化消旋以及酸催化消旋等消旋方式。高温诱导消旋的方式较为常用,如本课题组在Org.Process Res.Dev.2018,22,p1200-1207中报道的安立生坦的消旋,如路线五所示,以乙腈为溶剂,安立生坦在高温下羰基与α位氢发生烯醇互变,进而发生消旋化。
碱催化的消旋也有很多成功的案例,其消旋机理一般通过两种方式,一种是碱拔掉手性中心的氢,生成碳负离子,而且碳负离子会因为邻位的吸电子基团而稳定(如硝基,氰基,羰基等)。如路线六所示化合物,文献J.Chem.Soc.1927,p1276报道在甲醇和甲醇钠作用下只有羰基α位的手性碳可发生消旋。
另外一种是碱催化下的可逆的消除反应,如路线七中氯噻酮的消旋,文献Chirality,1992,4,p22中报道手性中心上的羟基会在碱性条件下发生消除,生成的烯烃为一个平面结构,又会与烯烃发生加成反应得到消旋体。
相比于碱催化的消旋,酸催化的消旋多少受到些限制,我们最常见的酸催化诱导的消旋其反应机制是质子化C=N或者C=O,增大其邻位手性中心上氢的酸性使其变得容易拔掉,即经历烯醇或者烯胺的相互转化,这与碱催化的历程有些相似。如JP 59021679中报道的以下化合物在4N盐酸及140℃下经过12h可发生几乎定量的消旋化。
Tilivalline是在氯化锌的酸催化作用下,在55℃,24h进行消旋化。是通过其中七元环的开环关环实现的,但是该化合物的手性中心含有氢原子,并不是季碳中心,而且在该条件的温度下,(R)-氯胺酮不能实现消旋化。
但是以上常规的高温、碱、酸催化的消旋大都需要在手性中心的碳上有氢存在,从而能够发生消除或者异构化,然而(R)-氯胺酮的手性中心为季碳,并没有氢的存在。文献J.Org.Chem.1992,57,p1568报道如下所示的手性中心为季碳的化合物在10%盐酸催化下,于90℃温度下反应24h,可通过开环关环的过程实现消旋化,但该条件应用于(R)-氯胺酮的消旋并没有检测到消旋的迹象。
这也是(R)-氯胺酮难以消旋的回收利用的原因,目前没有任何关于(R)-氯胺酮或其盐消旋的报道,但为了降低艾司氯胺酮的生产成本,亟需对(R)-氯胺酮或其盐的消旋进行详细的研究和探索。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术中(R)-氯胺酮难以消旋进行回收利用等缺陷,而提供了一种对映体富集的氯胺酮、其衍生物或其盐的消旋化方法。本发明的消旋化方法可以将不需要的构型(R)-氯胺酮或其盐高效率、操作便捷地、充分回收利用得到消旋体化合物1,再通过拆分法制备艾司氯胺酮,从而能够变废为宝,极大地节省艾司氯胺酮的生产成本。
本发明是通过以下方案来解决上述技术问题的。
本发明提供了一种氯胺酮、其衍生物或其盐的消旋化方法,其包括如下步骤:在溶剂中,在110-200℃的反应温度和催化剂的作用下,将如下所示的底物A进行如下所示的反应得到化合物B即可;所述的催化剂为路易斯酸;所述的底物A为对映体富集的氯胺酮、其衍生物或其盐;用*标注的碳为S构型和/或R构型手性碳;
其中,R1和R2各自独立地选自H、CH3和CH2CH3。
所述的R1和R2优选各自独立地选自H和CH3。
所述的溶剂可为本领域进行此类反应的常规溶剂,优选为烷烃类溶剂、环烷烃类溶剂、芳烃类溶剂、醇类溶剂和极性非质子溶剂中的一种或多种。所述的烷烃类溶剂可为正戊烷、正己烷、正庚烷、正辛烷、异辛烷、正壬烷、正葵烷、正十二烷和正十四烷中的一种或多种。所述的环烷烃类溶剂可为环戊烷和/或环己烷。所述的芳烃类溶剂可为甲苯、乙苯、正丙苯、异丙苯、正丁苯、仲丁苯、异丁苯、叔丁苯、邻二甲苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯、1,2,4-三甲苯、1,3,5,-三甲苯、茚、联苯、萘、四氢化萘、十氢萘、异丙基甲苯、氯苯、邻二氯苯、间二氯苯、对二氯苯、邻氯甲苯、硝基苯、硝基甲苯、喹啉和异喹啉中的一种或多种。所述的醇类溶剂可为甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、正戊醇、异戊醇、正己醇、环己醇、正辛醇、正壬醇、苯甲醇和乙二醇中的一种或多种。所述的极性非质子溶剂可为酯类溶剂、砜类溶剂、酰胺类溶剂和吡咯烷酮类溶剂中的一种或多种。所述的酯类溶剂可为苯甲酸乙酯、苯甲酸甲酯、苯甲酸异丙酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸正丙酯、乙酸异丙酯、乙酸正丁酯、乙酸异丁酯、乙酸仲丁酯、乙酸戊酯、乙酸异戊酯、乙酸甲基戊酯、乙酸苄酯、丙酸丙酯、丙酸正丁酯、丙酸戊酯、丁酸乙酯、丁酸正丁酯、草酸二乙酯、乳酸甲酯、乳酸乙酯和水杨酸乙酯中的一种或多种。所述的砜类溶剂优选为二甲亚砜。所述的酰胺类溶剂优选为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和/或N,N-二甲基乙酰胺。所述的吡咯烷酮类溶剂优选为N-甲基吡咯烷酮。
所述的溶剂的用量可为本领域进行此类反应的常规用量,优选其与底物A的体积质量比为1~100mL/g,更优选为5~20mL/g,例如,10mL/g。
所述的路易斯酸优选为氯化铝、溴化铝、氯化镁、溴化镁、氯化锌、溴化锌、氯化钙、三氟化硼、三氯化硼、三溴化硼、三氯化铁、五氟化锑、四氯化钛、四氯化锡、氯化亚锡、四氯化硒、五氯化铌和三氟甲磺酸盐中的一种或多种,更优选为氯化铝、氯化镁、三氟化硼和氯化锌中的一种或多种,最优选为氯化铝。所述的三氟化硼优选为以三氟化硼乙醚的形式参与反应,例如,质量46%的三氟化硼乙醚。所述的三氟甲磺酸盐可为三氟甲磺酸钠、三氟甲磺酸锌、三氟甲磺酸铜和三氟甲磺酸银中的一种或多种。所述的路易斯酸优选为无水路易斯酸。所述的路易斯酸的用量可为本领域进行此类反应的常规用量,优选其与底物A的摩尔比值为0.05~2.0,更优选为0.2~0.6,例如,0.1、0.2、0.3或0.4。
所述的对映体富集的氯胺酮盐可为对映体富集的氯胺酮的酸式盐,所述的酸可为有机酸或无机酸。所述的有机酸包括但不限于:甲磺酸、乙磺酸、甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、草酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、富马酸、乳酸、苹果酸、柠檬酸、L-酒石酸、D-酒石酸、二乙酰酒石酸、二苯甲酰酒石酸、乙二胺四乙酸、樟脑磺酸、苦味酸、马来酸或谷氨酸。所述的无机酸包括但不限于:盐酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸、硼酸、四硼酸、过硼酸、焦磷酸、亚磷酸、次磷酸、氢溴酸、次溴酸、碳酸、亚硫酸、氢氰酸、焦硫酸、过一硫酸、过二硫酸、硫代硫酸、次氯酸、氯酸、高氯酸、铬酸、重铬酸、氢氟酸或氢碘酸。所述的无机酸优选盐酸、硫酸或磷酸。
所述的反应的温度优选为140-160℃,例如,145℃、150℃或160℃。
所述的反应优选在保护气体的氛围下进行。所述的保护气体优选为氮气和/或惰性气体。
在一优选实施方案中,所述的底物A为(R)-氯胺酮或其盐,所述的溶剂为苯甲酸乙酯,所述的路易斯酸为氯化铝,所述的反应温度为140~160℃,所述的反应在氮气氛围下进行。
所述的反应的进程可采用本领域中的常规监测方法(例如HPLC)进行检测。所述的反应时间优选4~80小时,例如,4~24小时。
所述的反应还可包括后处理,所述的后处理方法可为此类反应的常规后处理方法,本发明优选包含以下步骤:反应完成后,冷却,过滤,洗涤固体得化合物1。所述的洗涤优选采用正己烷洗涤。
一种艾司氯胺酮的制备方法,其包括如下步骤:a)将R构型富集的氯胺酮或其盐的消旋化得到化合物1即可;b)将化合物1进行拆分得到艾司氯胺酮即可;其中,步骤a)中的消旋化包括如下步骤:在溶剂中,在110-200℃的反应温度和催化剂的作用下,将如下所示的R-1进行如下所示的反应得到化合物1即可;所述的催化剂为路易斯酸;所述的R-1为对映体富集的(R)-氯胺酮、其衍生物或其盐;
所述的步骤b)的拆分的方法可参考WO 2001098265 A2。
在符合本领域常识的基础上,上述各优选条件,可任意组合,即得本发明各较佳实例。
本发明中,R-1代表(R)-氯胺酮,S-1代表(S)-氯胺酮。
本发明中,S-构型的盐酸盐的制备方法参考文献WO 2001098265 A2,所用其它试剂和原料均市售可得。
本发明的积极进步效果在于:
采用本发明的消旋化方法将不需要的构型(R)-氯胺酮或其盐高效率、操作便捷地、充分回收利用得到消旋体化合物1,再通过拆分法制备艾司氯胺酮,从而能够变废为宝,极大地节省艾司氯胺酮的生产成本。
附图说明
图1为采用背景技术的路线四制备的消旋氯胺酮盐酸盐的手性HPLC图。
图2为背景技术的路线三的手性拆分法得到的母液经碱化后所得固体的手性HPLC图。
图3为实施例1制备得到消旋氯胺酮1盐酸盐的手性HPLC图。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例的方式进一步说明本发明,但并不因此将本发明限制在所述的实施例范围之中。上述本发明的方案均为可实现本发明目的之技术方案。下列实施例所辖用温度和试剂,均可以用上述相应温度和试剂替代以实现本发明之目的。
实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,按照常规方法和条件,或按照商品说明书选择。
对于消旋的氯胺酮1,S构型氯胺酮(S-1),R构型氯胺酮(R-1)的构型含量检测通过以下手性HPLC方法,其中HPLC图谱中,横坐标为时间(单位min),纵坐标为mAU峰高度。
采用手性HPLC分析方法:
色谱柱:250mm×4.6mm×3.0μm,CHIRALPAK OD-3;
紫外检测器波长:210nm;
流速:0.8mL/min;
柱温:30℃;
流动相:正己烷:异丙醇=95:5。
采用背景技术的路线四制备的消旋氯胺酮盐酸盐的手性HPLC如图1所示。从图1中得出,S-1盐酸盐保留时间8.090min,含量50.15%;R-1盐酸盐保留时间7.098min,含量49.85%。
本发明实施例采用通过背景技术的路线三的手性拆分法制备S氯胺酮后,母液的成分为R构型氯胺酮以及少量的S氯胺酮,作为本发明起始原料,其手性HPLC如图2所示。从图2中得出,S-1保留时间9.875min,含量8.59%;R-1保留时间8.880min,含量91.41%。
实施例1-21的原料来自图2所示的原料。
实施例1-21中制备得到的消旋化氯胺酮产物-1,测试了消旋体的化学HPLC纯度。测试方法如下:
消旋体的化学HPLC纯度由普通的C18柱测试,分析方法如下:
色谱柱:150mm×4.6mm×3.5μm,X-Bridge C18;
紫外检测器波长:210nm;
流速:1.0mL/min;
柱温:35℃;
流动相:A相为10mmol/L磷酸二氢钾水溶液(pH=7.0)/乙腈=9:1;B相为乙腈。
采用的梯度洗脱方式,详细见下表:
时间(min) | 10mmol/L磷酸二氢钾水溶液/乙腈=9:1(%) | 乙腈(%) |
0 | 85.0 | 15.0 |
15.0 | 60.0 | 40.0 |
20.0 | 25.0 | 75.0 |
35.0 | 25.0 | 75.0 |
35.1 | 85.0 | 15.0 |
40.0 | 85.0 | 15.0 |
实施例1
1g(R)-氯胺酮盐酸盐,无水氯化镁0.07g(0.1eq)和10mL苯甲酸乙酯混合,氮气保护下150℃加热反应10h,冷却,过滤,正己烷洗涤得目标产物,为灰白色固体0.98g,收率98%,化学HPLC纯度99.2%,手性HPLC如图3所示。从图3可以看出,S-1盐酸盐保留时间9.795min,含量50.1%;R-1盐酸盐保留时间9.008min,含量49.9%。mp 262.9-263.8℃。1HNMR(400MHz,DMSO)δ10.29(s,1H),9.23(s,1H),7.96(dd,J=7.0,2.4Hz,1H),7.66–7.56(m,3H),3.34(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),2.48(dd,J=8.6,4.3Hz,1H),2.46–2.38(m,1H),2.21(s,3H),2.06–1.91(m,2H),1.78(d,J=13.9Hz,1H),1.71–1.57(m,1H),1.47(dt,J=16.4,8.5Hz,1H).13C NMR(101MHz,DMSO)δ206.78,134.07,132.36,131.67,128.38,128.33,71.64,40.15,36.52,29.42,27.51,21.12.HRMS:C13H17ClNO,238.0996[M+H]+。
实施例2-21制备得到消旋氯胺酮1产物,经上述手性HPLC图谱测试,表明,产物的消旋化程度与实施例1制备得到的产物的消旋化程度也一致;因此,本文中不一一列出手性HPLC测试图谱。
实施例2
1g(R)-氯胺酮盐酸盐,无水氯化镁0.14g(0.2eq)和10mL苯甲酸乙酯混合,氮气保护下150℃加热反应4h,冷却,过滤,正己烷洗涤得目标产物,为灰白色固体1g,收率99%,化学HPLC纯度99.1%。S-1盐酸盐含量49.6%;R-1盐酸盐含量50.4%。
实施例3
1g(R)-氯胺酮盐酸盐,无水氯化铝0.097g(0.2eq)和10mL苯甲酸乙酯混合,氮气保护下150℃加热反应10h,冷却,过滤,正己烷洗涤得目标产物,为灰白色固体0.97g,收率97%,化学HPLC纯度97.5%。S-1含量50.3%;R-1含量49.7%。
实施例4
1g(R)-氯胺酮盐酸盐,无水氯化锌0.01g(0.2eq)和10mL苯甲酸乙酯混合,氮气保护下150℃加热反应24h,冷却,过滤,正己烷洗涤得目标产物,为灰白色固体0.9g,收率90%,化学HPLC纯度93.6%。S-1含量48.5%;R-1含量51.5%。
实施例5
1g(R)-氯胺酮盐酸盐,无水氯化镁0.14g(0.2eq)和10mL十氢萘混合,氮气保护下150℃加热反应5h,冷却,过滤,正己烷洗涤得目标产物,为灰白色固体0.98g,收率98%,化学HPLC纯度98.3%。S-1含量50.0%;R-1含量50.0%。
实施例6
1g(R)-氯胺酮盐酸盐,无水氯化镁0.14g(0.2eq)和10mL二甲苯混合,氮气保护下145℃加热反应10h,冷却,过滤,正己烷洗涤得目标产物,为灰白色固体1g,收率99%,化学HPLC纯度95.2%。S-1含量48.9%;R-1含量51.1%。
实施例7
1g(R)-氯胺酮盐酸盐,无水氯化镁0.14g(0.2eq)和10mL苯甲酸乙酯混合,氮气保护下145℃加热反应10h,冷却,过滤,正己烷洗涤得目标产物,为灰白色固体1g,收率99%,化学HPLC纯度99.6%。S-1含量50.1%;R-1含量49.9%。
实施例8
1g(R)-氯胺酮盐酸盐,无水氯化镁0.14g(0.2eq)和10mL苯甲酸乙酯混合,氮气保护下160℃加热反应4h,冷却,过滤,正己烷洗涤得目标产物,为灰白色固体1g,收率99%,化学HPLC纯度97.1%。S-1含量49.4%;R-1含量50.6%。
实施例9
1g(R)-氯胺酮盐酸盐,无水氯化铝0.097g(0.2eq)和10mL十氢萘混合,氮气保护下150℃加热反应10h,冷却,过滤,正己烷洗涤得目标产物,为灰白色固体1g,收率99%,化学HPLC纯度97.8%。S-1含量49.6%;R-1含量50.4%。
实施例10
1g(R)-氯胺酮盐酸盐,无水氯化铝0.097g(0.2eq)和10mL苯甲酸乙酯混合,氮气保护下160℃加热反应8h,冷却,过滤,正己烷洗涤得目标产物,为灰白色固体1g,收率99%,化学HPLC纯度95.8%。S-1含量50.5%;R-1含量49.5%。
实施例11
1g(R)-氯胺酮盐酸盐,无水氯化铝0.048g(0.1eq)和10mL苯甲酸乙酯混合,氮气保护下150℃加热反应24h,冷却,过滤,正己烷洗涤得目标产物,为灰白色固体0.96g,收率96%,化学HPLC纯度97.2%。S-1含量47.9%;R-1含量52.1%。
实施例12
1g(R)-氯胺酮盐酸盐,无水氯化镁0.07g(0.1eq)和10mL苯甲酸乙酯混合,氮气保护下160℃加热反应10h,冷却,过滤,正己烷洗涤得目标产物,为灰白色固体1g,收率99%,化学HPLC纯度95.8%。S-1含量48.3%;R-1含量51.7%。
实施例13
1g(R)-氯胺酮硫酸盐(R-1),无水氯化铝0.083g和10mL苯甲酸乙酯混合,氮气保护下150℃加热反应10h,冷却,过滤,正己烷洗涤得目标产物,为灰白色固体0.91g,收率91%,化学HPLC纯度95.2%。S-1含量47.1%;R-1含量52.9%。
实施例14
1g(R)-氯胺酮磷酸盐(R-1),无水氯化铝0.083g和10mL苯甲酸乙酯混合,氮气保护下150℃加热反应15h,冷却,过滤,正己烷洗涤得目标产物,为灰白色固体0.92g,收率92%,化学HPLC纯度96.9%。S-1含量46.6%;R-1含量53.4%。
实施例15
1g(R)-氯胺酮磷酸盐,无水氯化镁0.062g和10mL苯甲酸乙酯混合,氮气保护下150℃加热反应8h,冷却,过滤,正己烷洗涤得目标产物,为灰白色固体0.88g,收率88%,化学HPLC纯度95.2%。S-1磷酸盐含量49.6%;R-1磷酸盐含量50.4%。
实施例16
1g(R)-氯胺酮硫酸盐,无水氯化镁0.063g和10mL苯甲酸乙酯混合,氮气保护下150℃加热反应9h,冷却,过滤,正己烷洗涤得目标产物,为灰白色固体0.93g,收率93%,化学HPLC纯度91.4%。S-1硫酸盐含量48.9%;R-1硫酸盐含量51.1%。
实施例17
1g(R)-氯胺酮,无水氯化铝0.112g(0.2eq)和10mL苯甲酸乙酯混合,氮气保护下150℃加热反应24h,冷却,过滤,正己烷洗涤得目标产物,为灰白色固体0.98g,收率98%,化学HPLC纯度99.3%。S-1含量48.5%;R-1含量51.5%。
实施例18
1g(R)-氯胺酮酒石酸(L)盐,无水氯化铝0.063g(0.2eq)和10mL苯甲酸乙酯混合,氮气保护下150℃加热反应10h,冷却,过滤,正己烷洗涤得目标产物,为灰白色固体0.68g,收率68%,化学HPLC纯度94.5%。S-1酒石酸(L)盐含量48.9%;R-1酒石酸(L)盐含量51.1%。
实施例19
1g(S)-氯胺酮盐酸盐(99.3%ee),无水氯化镁0.097g(0.2eq)和10mL苯甲酸乙酯混合,氮气保护下150℃加热反应4h,冷却,过滤,正己烷洗涤得目标产物,为灰白色固体1g,收率99%,化学HPLC纯度99.5%。S-1盐酸盐含量51.5%;R-1盐酸盐含量48.5%。
实施例20
1g(R)-氯胺酮盐酸盐,质量为46%三氟化硼乙醚0.45g(0.4eq)和10mL苯甲酸乙酯混合,氮气保护下130℃加热反应20h,冷却,过滤,正己烷洗涤得目标产物,为灰白色固体0.89g,收率89%,化学HPLC纯度99.1%。S-1盐酸盐含量50.5%;R-1盐酸盐含量49.5%。
实施例21
1g(R)-氯胺酮盐酸盐,无水氯化钙0.08g(0.2eq)和10mL苯甲酸乙酯混合,氮气保护下150℃加热反应80h,冷却,过滤,正己烷洗涤得目标产物,为灰白色固体0.92g,收率92%,化学HPLC纯度99.8%。S-1盐酸盐含量47.4%;R-1盐酸盐含量52.6%。
实施例21-25为对比例,其中,99%ee的(R)-氯胺酮盐酸盐通过采用背景技术中路线三的方法,将L-酒石酸换成了D-酒石酸来制得。
采用有机化学理论及实验中常规的消旋化方法,例如无机酸、碱或者高温的作用下消旋,尝试对(R)-氯胺酮进行消旋化处理;但是我们尝试数次之后都无法获得消旋化产物,而剧烈的条件导致了(R)-氯胺酮分解破坏生成其他杂质。无数次的实验证明,常规消旋化方法无法应用于(R)-氯胺酮的消旋化工艺。
实施例21
25mL反应瓶中依次加入1.0g(R)-氯胺酮盐酸盐(99%ee),1mL浓盐酸,10mL水,氮气保护下100℃加热反应24h,冷却,取样,经手性HPLC分析显示(R)-氯胺酮盐酸盐的光学纯度仍为99%ee,因此,该方法没有消旋化效果。
实施例22
25mL反应瓶中依次加入1.0g(R)-氯胺酮(99%ee),10mL 50%的稀硫酸,氮气保护下120℃加热反应24h,冷却,取样,经手性HPLC分析显示(R)-氯胺酮的光学纯度仍为99%ee,而且,产品基本都已碳化变黑,因此,该方法没有消旋化效果。由于目前的温度已经出现碳化,继续升高温度碳化程度会更高。
实施例23
50mL反应瓶中依次加入1.0g(R)-氯胺酮(R-1,99%ee),0.47g KOH,20mL DMSO,氮气保护下150℃加热反应24h,冷却,取样,经手性HPLC分析显示(R)-氯胺酮的光学纯度仍为99%ee,因此,该方法没有消旋化效果。
实施例24
50mL反应瓶中依次加入1.0g(R)-氯胺酮(R-1,99%ee),0.94g叔丁醇钾,20mL叔丁醇,氮气保护下100℃加热反应24h,冷却,取样,经手性HPLC分析显示(R)-氯胺酮的光学纯度仍为99%ee,而且部分(R)-氯胺酮降解生成其他杂质,因此,该方法没有消旋化效果。由于继续升高温度,降解杂质会更多,因此没有再继续用叔丁醇钾作为催化剂来进行其他消旋条件的尝试。
实施例25
25mL反应瓶中依次加入1.0g(R)-氯胺酮盐酸盐(99%ee),10mL苯甲酸乙酯,氮气保护下160℃加热反应24h,冷却,取样,经手性HPLC分析显示(R)-氯胺酮盐酸盐的光学纯度仍为99%ee,因此,在只高温不加路易斯酸的条件下,没有消旋化效果。
Claims (7)
2.如权利要求1所述的消旋化方法,其特征在于,
所述的R1和R2各自独立地选自H和CH3。
3.如权利要求1所述的消旋化方法,其特征在于,
所述的溶剂为烷烃类溶剂、环烷烃类溶剂、芳烃类溶剂、醇类溶剂和极性非质子溶剂中的一种或多种;
和/或,所述的溶剂与底物A的体积质量比为1~100mL/g;
和/或,所述的路易斯酸为氯化铝、溴化铝、氯化镁、溴化镁、氯化锌、溴化锌、氯化钙、三氟化硼、三氯化硼、三溴化硼、三氯化铁、五氟化锑、四氯化钛、四氯化锡、氯化亚锡、四氯化硒、五氯化铌和三氟甲磺酸盐中的一种或多种;
和/或,所述的路易斯酸为无水路易斯酸;
和/或,所述的路易斯酸与底物A的摩尔比值为0.05~2.0;
和/或,所述的对映体富集的氯胺酮盐为对映体富集的氯胺酮的酸式盐;
和/或,所述的反应的温度为140-160℃;
和/或,所述的反应在保护气体的氛围下进行。
4.如权利要求3所述的消旋化方法,其特征在于,
所述的烷烃类溶剂为正戊烷、正己烷、正庚烷、正辛烷、异辛烷、正壬烷、正葵烷、正十二烷和正十四烷中的一种或多种;
和/或,所述的环烷烃类溶剂为环戊烷和/或环己烷;
和/或,所述的芳烃类溶剂为甲苯、乙苯、正丙苯、异丙苯、正丁苯、仲丁苯、异丁苯、叔丁苯、邻二甲苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯、1,2,4-三甲苯、1,3,5,-三甲苯、茚、联苯、萘、四氢化萘、十氢萘、异丙基甲苯、氯苯、邻二氯苯、间二氯苯、对二氯苯、邻氯甲苯、硝基苯、硝基甲苯、喹啉和异喹啉中的一种或多种;
和/或,所述的醇类溶剂为甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、正戊醇、异戊醇、正己醇、环己醇、正辛醇、正壬醇、苯甲醇和乙二醇中的一种或多种;
和/或,所述的极性非质子溶剂为酯类溶剂、砜类溶剂、酰胺类溶剂和吡咯烷酮类溶剂中的一种或多种;
和/或,所述的溶剂与底物A的体积质量比为5~20mL/g;
和/或,所述的路易斯酸为氯化铝、氯化镁、三氟化硼和氯化锌中的一种或多种;
和/或,所述的三氟化硼为以三氟化硼乙醚的形式参与反应;
和/或,所述的三氟甲磺酸盐为三氟甲磺酸钠、三氟甲磺酸锌、三氟甲磺酸铜和三氟甲磺酸银中的一种或多种;
和/或,所述的路易斯酸与底物A的摩尔比值为0.2~0.6;
和/或,所述的酸为有机酸或无机酸;
和/或,所述的保护气体为氮气和/或惰性气体。
5.如权利要求4所述的消旋化方法,其特征在于,
所述的酯类溶剂为苯甲酸乙酯、苯甲酸甲酯、苯甲酸异丙酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸正丙酯、乙酸异丙酯、乙酸正丁酯、乙酸异丁酯、乙酸仲丁酯、乙酸戊酯、乙酸异戊酯、乙酸甲基戊酯、乙酸苄酯、丙酸丙酯、丙酸正丁酯、丙酸戊酯、丁酸乙酯、丁酸正丁酯、草酸二乙酯、乳酸甲酯、乳酸乙酯和水杨酸乙酯中的一种或多种;
和/或,所述的砜类溶剂为二甲亚砜;
和/或,所述的酰胺类溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和/或N,N-二甲基乙酰胺;
和/或,所述的吡咯烷酮类溶剂为N-甲基吡咯烷酮;
和/或,所述的路易斯酸为氯化铝;
和/或,所述的有机酸为甲磺酸、乙磺酸、甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、草酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸、富马酸、乳酸、苹果酸、柠檬酸、L-酒石酸、D-酒石酸、二乙酰酒石酸、二苯甲酰酒石酸、乙二胺四乙酸、樟脑磺酸、苦味酸、马来酸或谷氨酸。
6.如权利要求4所述的消旋化方法,其特征在于,
所述的酯类溶剂为苯甲酸乙酯、苯甲酸甲酯、苯甲酸异丙酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸正丙酯、乙酸异丙酯、乙酸正丁酯、乙酸异丁酯、乙酸仲丁酯、乙酸戊酯、乙酸异戊酯、乙酸甲基戊酯、乙酸苄酯、丙酸丙酯、丙酸正丁酯、丙酸戊酯、丁酸乙酯、丁酸正丁酯、草酸二乙酯、乳酸甲酯、乳酸乙酯和水杨酸乙酯中的一种或多种;
和/或,所述的砜类溶剂为二甲亚砜;
和/或,所述的酰胺类溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和/或N,N-二甲基乙酰胺;
和/或,所述的吡咯烷酮类溶剂为N-甲基吡咯烷酮;
和/或,所述的路易斯酸为氯化铝;
和/或,所述的无机酸为盐酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸、硼酸、四硼酸、过硼酸、焦磷酸、亚磷酸、次磷酸、氢溴酸、次溴酸、碳酸、亚硫酸、氢氰酸、焦硫酸、过一硫酸、过二硫酸、硫代硫酸、次氯酸、氯酸、高氯酸、铬酸、重铬酸、氢氟酸或氢碘酸。
7.如权利要求1所述的消旋化方法,其特征在于,所述的底物A为(R)-氯胺酮或其盐,所述的溶剂为苯甲酸乙酯,所述的路易斯酸为氯化铝,所述的反应温度为140~160℃,所述的反应在氮气的氛围下进行。
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