CN112105008B - LoRaWAN gateway node data interaction method based on data unit - Google Patents
LoRaWAN gateway node data interaction method based on data unit Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application provides a LoRaWAN gateway node data interaction method based on data units, which comprises the following steps: the first terminal node constructs an uplink data unit according to the first channel number, the data length, the first data type and the first data to be transmitted of the sensor; the structure of the uplink data unit is 'first channel number + data length + first data type + first data'; the first terminal node performs base64 coding to obtain a corresponding first data packet after adding head-to-tail verification to the uplink data unit, and sends the first data packet to the gateway through an outer LoRaWAN protocol; the gateway performs base64 decoding on the first data packet and then performs head and tail verification; if the head and tail verification is passed, the gateway sends a control instruction to the corresponding second terminal node according to the first data; otherwise, discarding the first data; the data structure is optimized, the size of a transmission packet is reduced, and the data transmission quantity between the data structure and the transmission packet is reduced, so that the transmission power consumption is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of data transmission, in particular to a LoRaWAN gateway node data interaction method based on data units.
Background
LoRaWAN is a set of communication protocols and system architecture designed for LoRa telecommunications networks. The Lora communication system generally comprises four parts, namely a terminal, a base station, a network server and an application server. A star network topology is adopted between the base station and the terminal, and single-hop transmission is used between the base station and the terminal due to the long-distance characteristic of LoRa. The terminal node can send to multiple base stations at the same time, the base station transmits LoRaWAN protocol data between the network server and the terminal, and the LoRaWAN data are respectively loaded on LoRa radio frequency transmission and TCP/IP. The LoRa ad hoc network is a wireless access product based on the LoRa/LoRaWAN technology, and when the LoRa ad hoc network is specifically applied, authentication, connection management and configuration of a LoRa gateway are required to be performed on a LoRa terminal node, and encryption and decryption of data are also required. However, at present, when the terminal node and the gateway perform data interaction, data of multiple sensors are combined in a non-specific format, and a data packet structure caused by different data types and data accuracy is disordered and complicated, so that the data packet structure is inconvenient to interpret. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a scheme to optimize the data structure, reduce the size of the transmission packet, ensure the integrity of the data, and make the data transmission and analysis more stable, thereby reducing the transmission power consumption.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to provide a LoRaWAN gateway node data interaction method based on a data unit, which is used for reducing the size of a transmission packet and ensuring the integrity of data, so that the data transmission and analysis are more stable, and the technical effect of reducing the transmission power consumption is realized.
The embodiment of the application provides a LoRaWAN gateway node data interaction method based on a data unit, which comprises the steps that a first terminal node constructs an uplink data unit according to a first channel number, data length, a first data type and first data to be transmitted of a sensor; the structure of the uplink data unit is 'first channel number + data length + first data type + first data';
the first terminal node performs base64 coding after adding head-to-tail verification to the uplink data unit to obtain a corresponding first data packet, and sends the first data packet to a gateway through an outer LoRaWAN protocol;
the gateway performs base64 decoding on the first data packet and then performs head and tail verification;
if the head and tail verification is passed, the gateway sends a control instruction to a corresponding second terminal node according to the first data; otherwise, the first data is discarded.
Further, the step of sending, by the gateway, a control instruction to the corresponding second terminal node according to the first data includes:
acquiring a second channel number, a second data type and second data to be transmitted of a second terminal node;
constructing a downlink data unit according to the second channel number, the second data type and the second data; the structure of the downlink data unit is 'second channel number + second data type + second data';
and after head and tail verification is added to the downlink data unit, base64 coding is carried out to obtain a second data packet corresponding to the control instruction, and the second data packet is sent to a second terminal node through an outer layer LoRaWAN protocol.
Further, the second channel number and the second data type occupy a fixed byte.
Further, the method further comprises: if the number of the data units is multiple, adding the data units, then adding head and tail verification, and performing base64 encoding.
Further, the first channel number and the data length in the uplink data unit occupy a fixed byte; the first data type occupies a fixed byte.
Further, the method further comprises: constructing a channel data type table according to the data type; converting the data type according to the channel data type table;
the channel data type table comprises a general channel data type table and a special channel data type table; the universal channel data type table comprises a channel type of a terminal node, a data type number, a conversion value corresponding to the data type number, data resolution and data size; the special channel data type table comprises a sensor acquisition period, a channel type of a terminal node corresponding time, a data type model, a conversion value corresponding to the data type number, data resolution and data size.
Further, the conversion value of the channel number is a 16-system conversion value.
The beneficial effect that this application can realize is: the method and the device improve the data structure of the Payload part in the LoRaWAN data frame, optimize the data structure, reduce the size of a transmission packet, reduce the data transmission amount between the LoRaWAN data frame and the transmission packet, and enable data transmission and analysis to be more stable, thereby reducing the power consumption of transmission.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present application and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and that those skilled in the art can also obtain other related drawings based on the drawings without inventive efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a data unit-based data interaction method for a LoRaWAN gateway node according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a data unit combination according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a data unit parsing process according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application.
It should be noted that: like reference numbers and letters refer to like items in the following figures, and thus, once an item is defined in one figure, it need not be further defined and explained in subsequent figures. Meanwhile, in the description of the present application, the terms "first", "second", and the like are used only for distinguishing the description, and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3, fig. 1 is a flowchart of a data unit-based LoRaWAN gateway node data interaction method according to an embodiment of the present application; fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a data unit combination according to an embodiment of the present application; fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a data unit parsing process according to an embodiment of the present application.
The applicant researches and discovers that when data interaction is carried out between a terminal node and a gateway in the existing LoRaWAN, data of various sensors are combined in a non-specific format, and a data packet structure caused by different data types and data precision is disordered and complex and is inconvenient to interpret. Therefore, the LoRaWAN gateway node data interaction method based on the data unit is provided to optimize a data structure when the terminal node and the gateway interact, reduce the size of a transmission packet, reduce the data transmission amount between the terminal node and the gateway, enable data transmission and analysis to be more stable, and reduce the transmission power consumption. As shown in fig. 1, the method comprises the following specific steps:
step S101, a first terminal node constructs an uplink data unit according to a first channel number, a data length, a first data type and first data to be transmitted of a sensor; the structure of the uplink data unit is 'first channel number + data length + first data type + first data'.
As shown in fig. 2, when an uplink data unit is constructed, a terminal node first obtains information such as a channel number, a data length, a data type, data to be transmitted, and the like of a sensor, and then obtains a conversion value corresponding to the data type according to the data type and a general channel data type table; the general channel data type table is constructed in a manner shown in table 1, and the conversion value corresponding to the data type number may be a 16-system conversion value. The universal channel data type table comprises a channel type of the terminal node, a data type number (LPP), a conversion value corresponding to the data type number, data resolution and data size.
Table 1 general channel data type table
Furthermore, in order to control the acquisition period of the sensor and the response time of the terminal node conveniently, a dedicated data channel can be set and a corresponding dedicated channel data type table can be constructed during data transmission, and when a gateway sends a corresponding control instruction, the gateway can firstly convert the control instruction into a 16-system conversion value according to the dedicated channel data type table and then transmit the conversion value through the dedicated channel; specifically, as shown in table 2. The special channel data type table comprises a channel type, a data type number, a conversion value corresponding to the data type number, data resolution and data size of a sensor acquisition period and corresponding time of a terminal node.
TABLE 2 Special channel data type Table
And step S102, the first terminal node performs base64 coding to obtain a corresponding first data packet after adding head-to-tail verification to the uplink data unit, and sends the first data packet to a gateway through an outer-layer LoRaWAN protocol.
As shown in fig. 2, in an embodiment, after the uplink data unit is constructed, a header and footer verification (e.g., header and footer verifications aa and bb) may be added, and then base64 encoding is performed to obtain a corresponding data packet.
It should be noted that, if there are multiple data units, the data units may be added arbitrarily and then the head and tail verification may be added; the addition method is "data unit 1& data unit 2&. & data unit n".
And step S103, the gateway performs base64 decoding on the first data packet and then performs head and tail verification.
As shown in fig. 2, after receiving the data packet sent by the terminal node, the gateway first performs base64 decoding, and then performs head and tail verification to verify the head and tail aa and bb.
Step S104, if the head and tail verification is passed, the gateway sends a control instruction to a corresponding second terminal node according to the first data; otherwise, the first data is discarded.
As shown in fig. 2, if the head and the tail are qualified through verification, the gateway continues to convert the content of the data packet according to the general channel data type table corresponding to the data type, so as to obtain a corresponding data value. And if the head and the tail are not qualified through verification, discarding the data.
In order to better understand the method provided by the present application, the present application further provides the following several embodiments (in the embodiments, payload is actually sent data in a data frame of a LoRaWAN):
example one
Uplink (Uplink): and the air temperature and humidity sensor of the first channel transmits data to the gateway.
The transmission content after adding specific head and tail (aa, bb) and base64 codes is as follows: qhJlARASZgD/uw.
Example two
(downstream) Downlink: and the gateway sends a control command to close the electromagnetic valve of the third channel and open the electromagnetic valve of the fourth channel for 10min.
The transmission content after adding specific head and tail (aa, bb) and base64 codes is as follows: qjAAQQECWLs.
EXAMPLE III
(downstream) Downlink: the dedicated channel sets the response time to 1min.
The transmission content after adding specific head and tail (aa, bb) and base64 codes is as follows: qgAAPLs.
To sum up, an embodiment of the present application provides a data unit-based LoRaWAN gateway node data interaction method, including: the first terminal node constructs an uplink data unit according to a first channel number, a data length, a first data type and first data to be transmitted of the sensor; the structure of the uplink data unit is 'first channel number + data length + first data type + first data'; the first terminal node performs base64 coding to obtain a corresponding first data packet after adding head-to-tail verification to the uplink data unit, and sends the first data packet to the gateway through an outer LoRaWAN protocol; the gateway performs base64 decoding on the first data packet and then performs head and tail verification; if the head and tail verification is passed, the gateway sends a control instruction to the corresponding second terminal node according to the first data; otherwise, the first data is discarded. By the mode, the data structure is optimized, the size of a transmission packet is reduced, the data transmission amount between the transmission packet and the transmission packet is reduced, data transmission and analysis are more stable, and transmission power consumption is reduced.
The above description is only for the specific embodiments of the present application, but the scope of the present application is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of the changes or substitutions within the technical scope of the present application, and shall be covered by the scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (6)
1. A LoRaWAN gateway node data interaction method based on data units is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the first terminal node constructs an uplink data unit according to the first channel number, the data length, the first data type and the first data to be transmitted of the sensor; the structure of the uplink data unit is 'first channel number + data length + first data type + first data';
the first terminal node performs base64 coding after adding head-to-tail verification to the uplink data unit to obtain a corresponding first data packet, and sends the first data packet to a gateway through an outer-layer LoRaWAN protocol;
the gateway performs base64 decoding on the first data packet and then performs head and tail verification;
if the first data and the second data pass the verification, the gateway sends a control instruction to the corresponding second terminal node according to the first data, wherein the control instruction comprises a second channel number, a second data type and second data to be transmitted of the second terminal node; constructing a downlink data unit according to the second channel number, the second data type and the second data; the structure of the downlink data unit is 'second channel number + second data type + second data'; performing head and tail verification on the downlink data unit, then performing base64 coding to obtain a second data packet corresponding to a control instruction, and sending the second data packet to a second terminal node through an outer LoRaWAN protocol; otherwise, discarding the first data;
the method also comprises the steps of constructing a channel data type table according to the data types; converting the data type according to the channel data type table;
the method comprises the following steps: when an uplink data unit is constructed, a terminal node acquires a channel number, a data length, a data type and data information to be transmitted of a sensor, and acquires a conversion value corresponding to the data type based on the data type and a universal channel data type table;
and selecting a universal channel to send the first data packet to a gateway based on the conversion value.
2. The LoRaWAN gateway node data interaction method of claim 1, wherein the second channel number and the second data type occupy a fixed byte.
3. The LoRaWAN gateway node data interaction method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises:
and if the number of the data units is multiple, adding the data units, then adding head and tail verification, and performing base64 encoding.
4. The LoRaWAN gateway node data interaction method of claim 1, wherein the first channel number and the data length in the uplink data unit occupy a fixed byte; the first data type occupies a fixed byte.
5. The LoRaWAN gateway node data interaction method of claim 1, wherein the method further comprises: constructing a channel data type table according to the data type; converting the data type according to the channel data type table;
the channel data type table comprises a general channel data type table and a special channel data type table; the universal channel data type table comprises a channel type of a terminal node, a data type number, a conversion value corresponding to the data type number, data resolution and data size; the special channel data type table comprises a sensor acquisition period, a channel type of a terminal node corresponding time, a data type model, a conversion value corresponding to the data type number, data resolution and data size.
6. The LoRaWAN gateway node data interaction method according to claim 5, wherein the conversion value corresponding to the data type is a 16-system conversion value.
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