CN111617683B - Photothermal microfluidic mixer based on porous optical fiber - Google Patents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
- B01F33/30—Micromixers
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
- G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
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Abstract
The invention provides a photothermal microfluidic mixer based on a porous optical fiber. The photo-thermal micro-flow mixer is characterized by consisting of a section of micro-processed porous optical fiber and a light source. The porous optical fiber is processed and prepared into a section of mixing chamber by a method of air pressurization and simultaneous hot melting heating, a cladding between air holes of the mixing chamber expands and thins until the complete hot melting disappears, a fiber core penetrates through the whole heating chamber and is suspended in the middle, and after a plurality of liquids enter the mixing chamber simultaneously, the heat energy radiation of the suspended fiber core to the micro-flow liquid enables molecules to move in an accelerated manner, so that the purpose of mixing is achieved. The porous optical fiber photo-thermal micro-flow mixer for the micro-fluidic chip is simple to prepare, good in consistency, convenient to use by being matched with the micro-fluidic chip, convenient and fast to connect with a light source, and suitable for large-scale mass production.
Description
(I) technical field
The invention relates to a photothermal microfluidic mixer based on porous optical fibers, which is convenient to be used by matching with a microfluidic chip, can replace a microfluidic channel structure unit with an in-chip mixing function in micro-scale operation liquid, and belongs to the technical field of optical flow control.
(II) background of the invention
Microfluidic technology (Microfluidics or Lab-on-a-chip) refers to systems that process or manipulate tiny fluids using microchannels of tens or hundreds of microns. Microfluidic technology has developed over decades and has become an emerging interdiscipline of chemistry, fluid physics, optics, microelectronics, new materials, biology, and biomedical engineering. Because the sample in the micro-fluidic chip is small in volume, the detection optical path is short, the sensitivity is high, the response time is fast, the power consumption is low, the optical detector and the novel detection method are very important for the practical development of the micro-fluidic technology, and no matter biological detection, drug testing, chemical analysis and environmental monitoring are carried out, more and more systems needing micro-upgrading of liquid are needed.
The micro-fluidic system generally comprises various functional units such as a micro-channel, a micro-fluidic mixer, a micro-valve, a micro-reactor, a micro-sensor, a micro-detector and the like, and is integrated on a micro chip, and the micro-analysis system can complete the functions of sample preparation, mixing, reaction, separation, detection, biochemical analysis and the like in the biological and chemical fields by controlling the flow of micro liquid in the micro-fluidic system. The microfluidic system has the unique properties of extremely high analysis speed, extremely low reagent consumption, volume integration, function integration, simplicity in operation, low price and the like.
The application of the micro-flow control system in the fields of chemistry and biology and the like is mainly based on the mixing reaction of different micro-liquid substances, so that mixing and stirring are one of important links of the micro-flow control system. The purpose of mixing and stirring is to realize uniform distribution of different substances participating in the reaction chamber. In general, the mixing of solutes in a solution is based on two principles: convective mixing and diffusive mixing. Under the action of convection, solute groups can be divided into fine fragments, so that the contact area between solutions is increased, the diffusion distance is reduced, and the mixing efficiency between microflows is increased. The diffusion coefficient of the solute in the solution is temperature dependent, so the temperature also affects the mixing and stirring efficiency of the micro-flow.
Depending on the mixing method, the micro-stirrer can be divided into active mixing and passive mixing. Active mixing means that mixing of a solution is achieved through input of external energy, and for example, pressure, magnetic force, electric force, acoustic force, thermal force and the like can be used as an energy source for active mixing; passive mixing relies primarily on channel geometry, and mixing is achieved by diffusion. More uniform and rapid mixing can often be achieved by designing the structure of the microfluidic channel, for example, Brody et al first propose a cross-shaped microfluidic channel, in which a narrow band is formed by squeezing the central solution by the lateral solution, which is mixed with the central solution by diffusion [ Brody, James P., et al. "Biotechnology at low Reynolds numbers." Biophysic journal,1996:71(6), 3430-. Still others have adopted the method of adding modifiers in the channel to increase the mixing efficiency, for example, Strook et al in 2002 first proposed a structure with "man" in the microfluidic channel arranged in a staggered manner, which effectively improves the mixing effect [ Stroock, A.D., et al, "channel mixer for microchannels." Science,2002:295(5555), 647-. Patent CN106582903 proposes a microfluidic chip of photothermal waveguide, which is immersed in the bottom of a rectangular parallelepiped microfluidic chamber and requires that the length, width and height of the microfluidic chamber and the volume of injected liquid are constant, and the surface of the optical waveguide is coated with a heat-conducting nano material, and the liquid near the waveguide is in a vortex shape and then mixed.
The microfluidic mixer is based on active or passive or photothermal effect, complex technology and size requirements are mostly needed, the preparation method is complex, and the cost is high. Based on the photo-thermal micro-flow mixer, the photo-thermal micro-flow mixer based on the holey optical fiber and with a simple structure is provided. From the manufacturing material and cost, the optical fiber self structure comprises a plurality of air holes, the size of the air holes is matched with the microliter scale of the microfluidic chip, the optical fiber production is relatively large, and the micro-processing technology used in the preparation process of the micro mixer is simple and easy to realize. The micro mixer prepared in the way has low average manufacturing cost, is suitable for batch production, and is also beneficial to optimizing the integration level and miniaturization of a micro-flow system. In terms of mixing effect, the invention adopts the photo-thermal effect to form a temperature gradient, and after the liquid absorbs the light energy, the diffusion speed of molecules in the solution can be increased.
In order to further improve the integration level and miniaturization of the microfluidic chip and overcome the defects and shortcomings in the advanced technology, the invention provides the photothermal microfluidic mixer based on the porous optical fiber.
Disclosure of the invention
The invention aims to provide a mixer for operating micro-liquid at a micron scale, which can replace an integrated unit for mixing micro-liquid in a micro-fluidic chip through the geometrical shape of a micro-fluidic channel, and further improve the integration level and miniaturization of the micro-fluidic chip.
The purpose of the invention is realized as follows:
a photothermal microfluidic mixer based on porous optical fibers. The photothermal microfluidic mixer is mainly characterized by comprising a section of micro-processed porous optical fiber and a light source. The porous optical fiber shown in figure 1 is processed and prepared into a section of mixing chamber by a method of air pressurization and simultaneous hot melting heating, a cladding between air holes of the mixing chamber expands and thins until complete hot melting disappears, a fiber core penetrates through the whole heating chamber and is suspended in the middle, and after a plurality of liquids enter the mixing chamber simultaneously, molecules move in an accelerated manner due to the radiation of the heat energy of the suspended optical fiber core on the micro-flow liquid, so that the aim of mixing is achieved. The porous optical fiber photo-thermal micro-flow mixer for the micro-fluidic chip is simple to prepare, good in consistency, convenient to use by being matched with the micro-fluidic chip, convenient and fast to connect with a light source, and suitable for large-scale mass production.
Further, the photo-thermal micro-fluidic mixer can adjust the mixing degree of various liquids in the air hole by changing the energy of the injected light.
Further, the porous optical fiber used in the microfluidic mixer can be expanded to have a middle fiber core as an optical channel, a plurality of air holes n closely connected with the fiber core are arranged around the fiber core, each air hole can be used as a liquid inlet, namely, the n air holes can simultaneously mix 2n liquids (n >1, n is an integer).
Further, the liquid discharge port of the photo-thermal mixer may be further expanded to be an open fiber end at the other end (as shown in fig. 3 (a)) or an open mixing chamber (as shown in fig. 3 (c)), or micro-holes may be prepared as the discharge port by applying a femtosecond punching process technique to the outer surface of the mixing chamber (as shown in fig. 3 (b)).
Further, the photothermal microfluidic mixer may have a structure of a plurality of micro-hole discharge ports, and the number m of micro-holes (m >1, m being an integer) is increased on the surface of the mixing chamber, and each micro-hole may serve as a discharge port for the liquid.
Furthermore, the required size and shape of the micropores, such as round micropores, square micropores, oval micropores, rectangular micropores and the like, can be prepared by the femtosecond punching technology according to the length of the photothermal microfluidic mixer and the sampling requirement.
In order to realize the function of the micro-flow mixer in the micro-flow control chip, the middle fiber core is connected with an external light source, when the porous optical fiber is injected with light energy, the light propagates along the fiber core, when a mixing chamber in the optical fiber is filled with liquid, the fiber core of the optical fiber is fully contacted with the liquid, and the light energy is converted into heat energy absorbed by the liquid and further converted into molecular kinetic energy. The heated liquid is diffused and accelerated, thereby achieving the effect of fully mixing various liquids.
The specific principle is as follows:
as is known, light is one kind of electromagnetic wave, light energy provided by a light source connected with the photothermal microfluidic mixer is the electromagnetic wave, the electromagnetic wave is emitted through the surface of a fiber core, and as the fiber core is in direct contact with the microfluidic liquid, the electromagnetic wave is transmitted in the fiber core and reaches the microfluidic liquid again to be converted into internal energy, and when the energy of the light source is stronger, the temperature of the fiber core is higher, and the radioactive energy is larger. The microfluidic mixer transfers heat from a high temperature object (fiber core) to a low temperature object (microfluidic liquid) in the form of electromagnetic waves.
How are different microfluidic liquids mixed uniformly? Can simply understand that two convection heat transfer phenomena occur in the micro-flow mixer at the same time, so that the molecular internal energy in the micro-flow liquid is increased, the movement is accelerated, and the diffusion phenomenon of various liquids in the mixing chamber is accelerated. The first cause of liquid mixing is: the heat transfer mode of the fluid moving to the low-temperature object surface (far from the fiber core) after the surface of the high-temperature object (the fiber core surface) is convection heat transfer, and if the fluid on the object surface is static, the heat is transferred between the object surface and the fluid through heat conduction. The second cause of liquid mixing is: the heat transfer mode between the heated liquid and the liquid with slightly lower temperature in the mixing chamber of the porous optical fiber photothermal and microfluidic mixer belongs to convection heat transfer, and the density of the liquid is changed after the temperature of the fluid is raised, so that convection is generated.
Considering that the photothermal microfluidic mixer provided by the invention is mainly applied to the field of microfluidic chips, and the microfluidic mixer structure and the chip microfluidic channel are both micron-sized, so that the Reynolds number is lower, the liquid flow is laminar flow, and the temperature difference between the optical fiber core and the fluid is smaller. Accordingly, the physical property values such as the viscosity, the thermal conductivity and the specific heat of the fluid are fixed values, and the influence of the internal heat generation and the buoyancy of the fluid caused by viscous friction is also negligible. In this case, we briefly analyzed the principle in the mixing chamber of the photo-thermal microfluidic mixer.
If the injected light intensity of the holey fiber is constant and the energy is stable, the fiber core temperature of the fiber is assumed to be T1Surface area A, ambient temperature T2Because of the temperature difference between the fiber core surface and the fluid, convective heat transfer occurs. The fluid at the surface of the optical fiber core is at the same temperature as the surface of the optical fiber core due to contact with the optical fiber core, and the temperature of the fluid at a sufficient distance from the optical fiber core is T2A boundary layer in which temperature and flow velocity change exists near the optical fiber core. Assuming an area of dA (m)2) The heat transfer amount is
Then local heat flux density
The relationship with temperature difference can be expressed by newton's law of cooling,
q＝h(T1-T2) (1)
wherein h (W/(m)2gK)) is a heat transfer coefficient, which is different from a thermal conductivity, which is an inherent physical property of a substance, and which changes with the flow state of a fluid.
In addition, when the micro-flow liquid contacts with the fiber core, a thin layer of hot fluid with the temperature changing from the temperature of the fiber core to the temperature of the liquid is formed on the surface of the fiber core, which is called a temperature boundary layer, and similarly, when the liquid flows, the fluid is attached to the fiber core, and a thin layer of flow with the temperature changing from zero speed to the temperature of the liquid is formed on the surface of the fiber core, which is called a speed boundary layer (as shown in fig. 2). And the faster the fluid flow velocity around the core, the thicker the boundary layer thickness.
It is known that the thermal conductivity equation can be derived from fourier law and energy conservation equation, and that the following thermal equilibrium exists during the Δ t(s) time interval:
(amount of change in thermodynamic energy) ([ (amount of heat introduced into the micelle) - (amount of heat derived from the micelle) ] + (amount of heat generated in the micelle) × Δ t(s) (2)
In the environment of a microfluidic liquid in the mixing chamber, the case of a fluid surrounded by a solid wall surface is a classical flow in a tube.
The thermal conductance equation of the cylindrical coordinate system is:
wherein the thermal conductivity k is constant, r is the radius of the cylinder, ρ (kg/m)3) C (J/(kg. K)) is specific heat, and further,
is the calorific value per unit time and unit volume in the infinitesimal body.
The optical fiber micro-flow mixer can be further combined with a traditional micro-flow control chip, and a body outlet of the mixer can be connected with the used micro-flow control chip, so that the liquid which does not enter the chip is mixed.
In practical applications, the microfluidic mixer is selected according to specific system requirements. Microfluidic mixers are widely used in microsensors, microbiology, chemical analysis, and in a variety of applications involving microfluidic transport. At present, the mixer has been greatly developed, the structural form and the principle are rich and various, and the stability is also greatly improved. In order to further improve the integration level and miniaturization of the microfluidic chip and overcome the defects and shortcomings in the advanced technology, the invention provides the photothermal microfluidic mixer based on the porous optical fiber. The micro-flow channel structure unit with the mixing function in the chip can be replaced in micro-scale operation micro-liquid, an excellent research and application platform is provided for high-throughput chemical, biological and medical analysis and detection, and a variety of choices are provided for the mixing function unit in the micro-flow control chip.
(IV) description of the drawings
FIG. 1(a) is a cross-sectional view of a holey fiber; (b) is a real figure of three porous optical fiber sections, which comprises air holes 1-1, a fiber core 1-2 and a cladding 1-3.
FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of the boundary layer in the case of convective heat transfer.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a four-hole fiber optic photothermal microfluidic mixer (a) with one end of the mixer serving as a liquid inlet and the other end having an open pigtail end serving as a liquid outlet; (b) two ends of the mixer are used as liquid inlet ports, and the micropores on the outer surface of the mixing chamber are used as liquid outlet ports; (c) cutting the structure in (a) into a mixing chamber, wherein one end of the mixer is used as a liquid inlet, and the cut mixing chamber is used as a liquid outlet.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a multi-well fiber optic photothermal microfluidic mixer with a plurality of micro-well liquid discharge ports.
(V) detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and specific examples.
FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of a holey fiber consisting of a core 1-2 and cladding 1-3 structure with air holes 1-1 that can be used as entry ports for microfluidic fluids, and with a refractive index slightly higher than that of the cladding material.
Fig. 3 shows a structure of a photo-thermal microfluidic mixer prepared by processing a porous optical fiber, wherein the porous optical fiber is processed and prepared into a section of mixing chamber by a method of hot melting and heating while pressurizing air, a cladding between air holes of the mixing chamber expands and thins until complete hot melting disappears, a fiber core penetrates through the whole heating chamber and is suspended in the middle, and after multiple liquids enter the mixing chamber simultaneously, the fiber core suspended in the mixing chamber radiates heat energy of the microfluidic liquid, so that molecules move at an accelerated speed, and the purpose of mixing is achieved.
Without loss of generality, the specific implementation steps and implementation method of the invention are explained in detail by taking the specific embodiment of the porous optical fiber photothermal microfluidic mixer shown in fig. 3(b) with two ends as liquid inlet ports and the micropores on the outer surface of the mixing chamber as liquid outlet ports.
(1) Firstly, a section of four-hole optical fiber 4-4 shown in figure 1 is taken, a coating layer is removed for standby application, air holes at two ends of the optical fiber are used as liquid inlet ports and are respectively connected with 8 micro-flow injectors 4-1, an injection pump is used for introducing different kinds of liquid ABCDEFGH through an optical fiber hole liquid connector 4-3, and a middle fiber core is used as a light wave channel and is connected with a single mode optical fiber 4-5 in a welding mode and a light source 4-2.
(2) And then preparing a mixing chamber by a pressurizing hot melting heating method, wherein the air pressure in the air holes is greater than the external atmospheric pressure, so that the inner cavities of the air holes expand and become large, the cladding between the air holes becomes thin until the cladding disappears completely, and finally a hollow cavity is formed. The middle fiber core is expanded and extruded to become thin due to the air hole, but is suspended in the hollow cavity of the middle sphere to form a mixing chamber.
(3) Next, 3 circular micro-holes were etched on the outer surface of the mixing chamber as a discharge port for the liquid by a femtosecond laser etching technique.
(4) And finally, embedding the mixer into the chips 4-6, wherein the liquid discharge port is correspondingly connected with the micro-channel in the micro-fluidic chip, the liquid ABCDEFGH absorbs the heat energy radiated by the fiber core suspended in the middle after entering the mixing chamber, severe diffusion occurs, and finally mixed liquid K of 8 different liquids is discharged into the micro-fluidic channel in the chips from the micro-pore discharge port and then enters other functional units 4-7 in the chips.
Because different liquids have different absorptions to different wavelength light sources, the light source wavelength and the liquid absorptance to be measured that combine to be connected can adjust the mixed degree of miniflow liquid according to the functional needs of chip.
In this embodiment, the number of air holes n included in the porous optical fiber used in the photothermal microfluidic mixer is 4, the number of injected liquid types 2n is 8, the number of micropore discharge openings m is 3, and the shape of the micropores is circular. Similarly, the number of air holes and the number of micropores of the holey fiber can be expanded to other numbers, and the shape can be expanded to square, waist-round, rectangle, and the like. These changes in number, shape, and size all affect the testing criteria of the microfluidic mixer, which requires specific design parameters according to the functional requirements of the chip in specific practical applications.
Claims (5)
1. A photothermal microflow mixer based on porous optical fibers is characterized in that: the microflow mixer is manufactured and processed by a porous single-core optical fiber, wherein a fiber core in the middle of the porous optical fiber is used as an optical interface which is mutually connected with an external light source, each air hole at one end of the porous optical fiber can be used as a channel port of a liquid, the porous optical fiber is processed and prepared into a section of mixing chamber by a method of hot melting and heating while air pressurization, a cladding between the air holes of the mixing chamber expands and thins until the complete hot melting disappears, and the fiber core penetrates through the whole heating chamber and is suspended in the middle; in the photo-thermal micro-fluidic mixer, when a plurality of liquids enter the mixing chamber, the fiber core pair suspended in the photo-thermal micro-fluidic mixer radiates thermal energy of the liquids to accelerate the movement of molecules, so that the mixing purpose is achieved, and the mixing degree of the liquids can be adjusted by changing the energy of injected light; the liquid outlet of the mixer can be an open type optical fiber end or an open type mixing chamber at the other end of the porous optical fiber, and micropores can be prepared on the outer surface of the mixing chamber by adopting a femtosecond punching processing technology and used as the outlet.
2. The photothermal microfluidic mixer based on holey fiber as claimed in claim 1, wherein the holey fiber used in the microfluidic mixer is characterized by: the optical fiber is provided with a middle fiber core as an optical channel, a plurality of air holes n which are tightly connected with the fiber core are arranged around the fiber core, each air hole at the end of the optical fiber can be used as a liquid inlet, namely, the n air holes can simultaneously mix 2n liquids at most, n is greater than 1, and n is an integer.
3. The photothermal microfluidic mixer based on a holey fiber as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the photo-thermal micro-flow mixer can be provided with a plurality of micropore discharge port structures, the number m of micropores is increased on the surface of a mixing chamber, m is larger than or equal to 1 and is an integer, each micropore can be used as a discharge port of liquid, and the mixing effect can be influenced by the number of the pores.
4. The photothermal microfluidic mixer based on a holey fiber as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the required size and shape of the micropores can be prepared by a femtosecond punching technology according to the length of the photothermal microfluidic mixer and the sampling requirement, and the size of the pores can also influence the mixing effect.
5. The photothermal microfluidic mixer based on a holey fiber as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the micro-flow mixing device can be further combined with a traditional micro-flow control chip, and a liquid outlet of the mixer can be connected with the used micro-flow control chip, so that the liquid which does not enter the chip is mixed.
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| JP4974165B2 (en) * | 2007-08-27 | 2012-07-11 | 古河電気工業株式会社 | Manufacturing method of optical fiber connection structure |
| JP5269827B2 (en) * | 2010-03-20 | 2013-08-21 | 株式会社フジクラ | Holey fiber and laser device using the same |
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