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CN111254580B - 一种膜裂纤维无纺布的制造方法 - Google Patents

一种膜裂纤维无纺布的制造方法 Download PDF

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CN111254580B
CN111254580B CN202010133926.3A CN202010133926A CN111254580B CN 111254580 B CN111254580 B CN 111254580B CN 202010133926 A CN202010133926 A CN 202010133926A CN 111254580 B CN111254580 B CN 111254580B
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沈利强
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Abstract

本发明涉及无纺布技术领域,具体涉及一种膜裂纤维无纺布的制造方法,包括原料准备、喷涂粘合剂、压膜、铺层、开纤、加固等步骤,在喷涂粘合剂时,采用点阵的方式喷涂,每平方分米的面积内喷涂有30‑72个喷涂点,每个喷涂点的面积在0.005cm2‑0.04cm2之间。与现有技术相比,该方法制造无纺布是一次成型制造,无纺布内部的纤维长度可控,能够使膜裂纤维无纺布的整体力学性能增强,具有更高的拉伸断裂强度、顶破强度、撕裂强度等,同时还具有很好的透水透气性能,适合土木工程等领域使用。

Description

一种膜裂纤维无纺布的制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及无纺布技术领域,具体涉及一种膜裂纤维无纺布的制造方法。
背景技术
无纺布又称不织布、非织造布,是由定向的或随机的纤维而构成,是新一代环保材料,因具有布的外观和某些性能而称其为布。无纺布没有经纬线,剪裁和缝纫都非常方便,而且质轻容易定型,深受手工爱好者的喜爱。现有技术中生产无纺布时,通常是在一条生产线上将纤维网加工成无纺布,利用针刺机或水刺机在垂直于纤维网的方向反复穿刺,使得纤维网中的纤维之间相互抱合、缠绕,由此得到无纺布。
随着技术的进步,生产无纺布的原料已经不仅仅局限于自身是纤维状的原料,现如今已经扩展到直接采用一层或多层膜与其他纤维网混合铺层后经过针刺或水刺后制成无纺布,或直接采用多层膜进行水刺或针刺开纤后制成无纺布。例如,专利申请号为201611272563.1的中国申请公开了一种基于聚四氟乙烯膜的新型无纺布及其制备工艺,其中采用对聚四氟乙烯膜层进行针刺后双向拉伸,利用反复针刺和双向拉伸的方式,使聚四氟乙烯膜层开纤,纤维丝以缠结的形式复合,受到压缩,形成基于聚四氟乙烯的新型无纺布。类似的,专利申请号为201611272541.5的中国申请公开了一种超高分子量聚乙烯膜的水刺无纺布及其制备工艺,其是利用高压微细水流喷射到一层或多层的超高分子量聚乙烯膜层上,使超高分子量聚乙烯膜层开纤,高压微细水流喷射使纤维丝以缠结的形式复合成纤维丝网,反复水刺,使得纤维丝网得以压缩、加固,烘干后形成超高分子量聚乙烯膜层的水刺无纺布。
然而,上述专利申请在对膜层进行开纤时,是采用针刺或水刺的方式进行,对膜层的开纤完全处于随机状态,对膜在开纤后形成的纤维的细度、长度等完全随机分布,使得最终由此形成的无纺布的性能不可控。而采用这种方式对膜开纤制成无纺布,当膜开纤后的纤维过粗时,不利于纤维的缠结;而当膜开纤后的纤维过细时,尽管更容易形成纤维之间的相互缠结,但纤维过细,强度下降过多,不利于无纺布的整体强度的提升,尤其在采用膜开纤形成的无纺布通常是用于工业上而需要较高的强度的大环境下。
基于上述问题,如何可控地对膜进行开纤而形成的具有较高强度的无纺布,是本领域技术人员需要解决的技术问题。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种膜裂纤维无纺布的制造方法,一次成型制造,使得膜裂纤维无纺布的整体力学性能增强,具有更高的拉伸断裂强度、顶破强度、撕裂强度等,同时还具有很好的透水透气性能,适合土木工程等领域使用。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供以下技术方案:
一种膜裂纤维无纺布的制造方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤(1)原料准备:准备用于制备无纺布的膜状材料;
步骤(2)喷涂粘合剂:在步骤(1)中准备的膜状材料上喷涂粘合剂,喷涂粘合剂时,采用点阵的方式喷涂,每平方分米的面积内喷涂有30-72个喷涂点,每个喷涂点的面积在0.005cm2-0.04cm2之间;
步骤(3)压膜:待粘合剂干燥或固化后,采用表面有微小条状凸起的压辊挤压经过步骤(2)后得到的膜状材料,使膜状材料的喷涂点附近形成压痕;
步骤(4)铺层:将多层经过步骤(3)压膜工序后得到的膜状材料进行铺层,或者将多层经过步骤(3)压膜工序后得到的膜状材料与普通制备无纺布的纤维网进行交替铺层,直到达到预定厚度,得到层状材料;
步骤(5)开纤:采用针刺或水刺的方式,对经过步骤(4)铺层工序后的层状材料进行开纤,在针刺或水刺时,层状材料中的膜状材料由于受到刺针的反复穿刺或高压微细水流喷射穿刺而开纤,同时,膜状材料中喷涂有粘合剂的位置由于粘合剂的作用而不易开纤,且膜状材料上有压痕处更易断裂,由此形成有长度可控且粗细不等的纤维;
步骤(6)加固:继续进行二次针刺或二次水刺,使开纤后的纤维产生位移、穿插、缠结和抱合,从而得到膜裂纤维无纺布。
优选的,当采用水刺方式时,在步骤(6)加固后,还有干燥步骤,将水刺后得到的膜裂纤维无纺布进行干燥处理。
优选的,所述步骤(2)喷涂粘合剂中,所述粘合剂为水溶性维纶或其它能够遇水溶解的水溶性胶;步骤(5)和步骤(6)中分别采用水刺方式开纤和加固。
优选的,所述膜状材料为聚四氟乙烯薄膜或超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜。
优选的,所述步骤(6)加固工序之后还包括收卷打包步骤。
优选的,所述步骤(3)压膜工序可以省略,直接将步骤(2)喷涂粘合剂工序后得到的膜状材料,在粘合剂干燥或固化后,进行步骤(4)铺层工序。
有益效果
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下有益效果:本发明的提供了一种膜裂纤维无纺布的制造方法,一次成型制造无纺布,不用事先将膜状材料进行开纤后再经过梳理等工序制成纤维网,同时,还使得膜裂纤维无纺布的整体力学性能增强,具有更高的拉伸断裂强度、顶破强度、撕裂强度等,此外,该膜裂纤维无纺布还具有很好的透水透气性能,适合土木工程等领域使用。
采用本发明的方法制备膜裂纤维无纺布,能够控制膜裂纤维的长度和粗细,将现有技术中的随机开纤改进为纤维尺寸可控,这也是本发明的发明点之一。
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。
一种膜裂纤维无纺布的制造方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤(1)原料准备:准备用于制备无纺布的膜状材料;
步骤(2)喷涂粘合剂:在步骤(1)中准备的膜状材料上喷涂粘合剂,喷涂粘合剂时,采用点阵的方式喷涂,每平方分米的面积内喷涂有30-72个喷涂点,每个喷涂点的面积在0.005cm2-0.04cm2之间;
步骤(3)压膜:待粘合剂干燥或固化后,采用表面有微小条状凸起的压辊挤压经过步骤(2)后得到的膜状材料,使膜状材料的喷涂点附近形成压痕;
步骤(4)铺层:将多层经过步骤(3)压膜工序后得到的膜状材料进行铺层,或者将多层经过步骤(3)压膜工序后得到的膜状材料与普通制备无纺布的纤维网进行交替铺层,直到达到预定厚度,得到层状材料;
步骤(5)开纤:采用针刺或水刺的方式,对经过步骤(4)铺层工序后的层状材料进行开纤,在针刺或水刺时,层状材料中的膜状材料由于受到刺针的反复穿刺或高压微细水流喷射穿刺而开纤,同时,膜状材料中喷涂有粘合剂的位置由于粘合剂的作用而不易开纤,且膜状材料上有压痕处更易断裂,由此形成有长度可控且粗细不等的纤维;
步骤(6)加固:继续进行二次针刺或二次水刺,使开纤后的纤维产生位移、穿插、缠结和抱合,从而得到膜裂纤维无纺布。
在步骤(2)喷涂粘合剂工序中,采用点阵方式喷涂粘合剂,并将喷涂点的单位面积个数和每个喷涂点的面积进行限定,能够实现纤维长度处于可控状态。在此范围中的喷涂点个数以及喷涂点面积,能够形成纤维长度适中且不会过粗的纤维。喷涂有粘合剂的喷涂点在受到针刺或水刺作用时,不易开纤,而喷涂点附近处的膜状材料更容易开纤,由此形成喷涂点周围成更细的纤维,而喷涂点处较粗;同时,还存在部分以喷涂点为中心,四周分布细小支纤维的发散型纤维。这些纤维的存在,使得细小支纤维在后续加固成无纺布时,进行相互缠结、穿插、抱合而加固,而喷涂点处较粗,增加了无纺布的强度。
进行步骤(3)压膜工序,主要目的是通过压痕可控,从而达到对最终开纤形成的纤维长度可控,使纤维长度不至于过于离散,从而影响后续加固等工序时纤维间的相互缠结、穿插和抱合,最终影响无纺布的强度。
优选的,当采用水刺方式时,在步骤(6)加固后,还有干燥步骤,将水刺后得到的膜裂纤维无纺布进行干燥处理。
优选的,所述步骤(2)喷涂粘合剂中,所述粘合剂为水溶性维纶或其它能够遇水溶解的水溶性胶;步骤(5)和步骤(6)中分别采用水刺方式开纤和加固。采用水溶性维纶或者其他能够遇水溶解的水溶性胶作为粘合剂,在进行水刺开纤或加固时,高压微细水流不仅能够进行开纤和加固纤维网,还能够将水溶性维纶和其他能够遇水溶解的水溶性胶溶解掉,使得最终形成的无纺布中不存在粘合剂,毕竟粘合剂的存在也会影响纤维的厚度。当然,由于在喷涂粘合剂后进行下一步骤时是等到粘合剂干燥或固化后再进行,再加上水溶性维纶以及其它能够遇水溶解的水溶性胶自身的性质,使得这些粘合剂在遇水时是慢慢溶解的,不会在遇水后马上全部溶解,因此这段时间是足够完成水刺开纤和加固工序的。当加固工序完成后,粘合剂继续溶解,直到溶解完毕,使无纺布中几乎不存在粘合剂,但这过程中形成的具有较粗的位置且位于喷涂点处的纤维依然存在。
优选的,所述膜状材料为聚四氟乙烯薄膜或超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜。
优选的,所述步骤(6)加固工序之后还包括收卷打包步骤。
优选的,所述步骤(3)压膜工序可以省略,直接将步骤(2)喷涂粘合剂工序后得到的膜状材料,在粘合剂干燥或固化后,进行步骤(4)铺层工序。也即是说,将多层经过步骤(2)喷涂粘合剂工序后得到的膜状材料,在粘合剂干燥或固化后进行铺层,或者经过步骤(2)喷涂粘合剂工序后得到的膜状材料,在粘合剂干燥或固化后与普通制备无纺布的纤维网进行交替铺层,直到达到预定厚度,得到层状材料。压膜工序的主要目的是纤维长度的可控,当进行喷涂粘合剂后的膜状材料能够形成满足生产需要的较高强度的无纺布时,可以省略压膜工序。
最后应当说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对本发明保护范围的限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明作了详细地说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。

Claims (5)

1.一种膜裂纤维无纺布的制造方法,包括如下步骤:
步骤(1)原料准备:准备用于制备无纺布的膜状材料;
步骤(2)喷涂粘合剂:在步骤(1)中准备的膜状材料上喷涂粘合剂,喷涂粘合剂时,采用点阵的方式喷涂,每平方分米的面积内喷涂有30-72个喷涂点,每个喷涂点的面积在0.005cm2-0.04cm2之间;
步骤(3)压膜:待粘合剂干燥或固化后,采用表面有微小条状凸起的压辊挤压经过步骤(2)后得到的膜状材料,使膜状材料的喷涂点附近形成压痕;
步骤(4)铺层:将多层经过步骤(3)压膜工序后得到的膜状材料进行铺层,或者将多层经过步骤(3)压膜工序后得到的膜状材料与普通制备无纺布的纤维网进行交替铺层,直到达到预定厚度,得到层状材料;
步骤(5)开纤:采用针刺或水刺的方式,对经过步骤(4)铺层工序后的层状材料进行开纤,在针刺或水刺时,层状材料中的膜状材料由于受到刺针的反复穿刺或高压微细水流喷射穿刺而开纤,同时,膜状材料中喷涂有粘合剂的位置由于粘合剂的作用而不易开纤,且膜状材料上有压痕处更易断裂,由此形成有长度可控且粗细不等的纤维;
步骤(6)加固:继续进行二次针刺或二次水刺,使开纤后的纤维产生位移、穿插、缠结和抱合,从而得到膜裂纤维无纺布。
2.如权利要求1所述的膜裂纤维无纺布的制造方法,其特征在于:当采用水刺方式时,在步骤(6)加固后,还有干燥步骤,将水刺后得到的膜裂纤维无纺布进行干燥处理。
3.如权利要求1所述的膜裂纤维无纺布的制造方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)喷涂粘合剂中,所述粘合剂为水溶性维纶或其它能够遇水溶解的水溶性胶;步骤(5)和步骤(6)中分别采用水刺方式开纤和加固。
4.如权利要求1-3任一项所述的膜裂纤维无纺布的制造方法,其特征在于:所述膜状材料为聚四氟乙烯薄膜或超高分子量聚乙烯薄膜。
5.如权利要求4所述的膜裂纤维无纺布的制造方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(6)加固工序之后还包括收卷打包步骤。
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