CN110714864B - 尤其内燃机的进气段中的、用于接纳处于交变压力下的流体的结构单元 - Google Patents
尤其内燃机的进气段中的、用于接纳处于交变压力下的流体的结构单元 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种尤其内燃机的进气段中的、用于接纳处于交变压力下的流体的结构单元,具有两个壳体部分,这两个壳体部分通过拉杆相连接。所述拉杆构造为复合拉杆并且具有至少两个间隔开的螺纹区段,所述螺纹区段中的每个螺纹区段被旋入到壳体部分中的各一个配对螺纹中。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种尤其内燃机的进气段中的、用于接纳处于交变压力下的流体的结构单元。
背景技术
已知增压空气冷却器,其布置在内燃机的进气段中并且用于对经过压缩的进气进行冷却。增压空气冷却器经受在内燃机的连续运行的期间在布置在前面的进气段中所产生的周期性的压力波动。通常,增压空气冷却器的壳体的壳体壁相互支撑,以用于实现稳定并且防止压力波动在增压空气冷却器中导致泄漏。
发明内容
本发明的任务是,用简单的结构上的措施来如此构造尤其内燃机的进气段中的、用于接纳处于交变压力下的流体的结构单元,从而长期保证所述结构单元的气密性并且因此保证其功能可靠性。
根据本发明,该任务用根据本发明的用于接纳处于交变压力下的流体的结构单元来解决。优选实施例表明了适宜的改进方案。
按本发明的结构单元优选用在内燃机的外围设备中、尤其用在内燃机的进气段中,并且用于接纳处于交变压力下的流体、尤其燃烧空气。结构单元例如是具有集成的增压空气冷却器的进气管,该增压空气冷却器在进气段中布置在压缩机的下游。增压空气冷却器用于对由压缩机压缩的燃烧空气进行冷却并且布置在内燃机的气缸进口的前面。
作为用于接纳处于交变压力下的流体的结构单元,例如也考虑空气过滤装置,所述空气过滤装置同样能够被集成到内燃机的进气段中并且用于对所送来的燃烧空气进行过滤。
进气段中的燃烧空气经受压力波动,所述压力波动在内燃机连续运行的期间产生并且一直影响到进气段中。这些压力波动代表着所述结构单元的尤其壳体的负荷。为了确保结构单元、尤其结构单元的壳体的持久密封性,所述结构单元的壳体的至少两个壳体部分通过至少一个拉杆相连接并且相互支撑。拉杆构造为复合拉杆(Mehrfachzuganker)并且具有至少两个间隔开的螺纹区段,其中每个螺纹区段被旋入到每个壳体部分中的各一个配对螺纹中。
这种实施方式具有的优点是,每个壳体部分通过其配对螺纹与拉杆的螺纹区段相连接。通过拉杆上的螺纹区段嵌合到每个壳体部分中的配对螺纹中这种方式,保证了关于拉杆的纵轴线朝两个轴向方向的轴向支撑。因此,通过所述拉杆不仅能够承受旨在将对置的壳体壁挤压分开的过压力而且能够承受旨在将对置的壳体壁压到一起的低压力。由于压力波动在所述结构单元内部产生的力通过每个壳体部分中的配对螺纹被传递到拉杆的螺纹区段上。通过这种方式,壳体部分的相对于彼此的相对位置得到固定并且在存在压力波动时实现结构单元的稳定。
具有拥有多个间隔开的螺纹区段的拉杆的结构单元的另一优点在于,在旋入拉杆时就已经确保了通过拉杆来连接的对置的壳体部分的所限定的固定的间距。由此,例如能够设定或者确保增压空气冷却器或过滤介质本体与结构单元的壳体壁之间的所期望的处于里面的间隙。
拉杆具有至少两个轴向间隔开的螺纹区段,其中每个螺纹区段嵌合到壳体部分中的配对螺纹中。在作为双重拉杆的实施方式中,所述双重拉杆具有两个间隔开的螺纹区段,所述螺纹区段分别配属于一个壳体部分。但是也能够考虑具有大于两个螺纹区段、例如三个螺纹区段的实施方式,由此能够用相应数目的壳体部分实现固定和稳定或者能够实现布置在壳体中的增压空气冷却器或过滤介质本体的固定和稳定。
拉杆的螺纹区段有利地用处于中间的无螺纹的区段彼此在轴向上间隔开。然而,也能够考虑在拉杆上具有连续螺纹的实施方式,所述螺纹能够划分为两个或更多个螺纹区段,其在组装之后嵌合到每个壳体部分中的各一个配对螺纹中。
根据一种有利的实施方式,拉杆的不同的螺纹区段具有相同的螺距。在此确保所述壳体部分随着拉杆的旋入和螺纹区段到相应的配对螺纹中的嵌合来相对于彼此保持其相对位置。因此,在旋入期间,壳体部分相对于彼此的相对位置不会改变。
而在一种作为替代方案的实施方式中则规定,拉杆的螺纹区段拥有不同的螺距。在拉杆的旋入期间,壳体部分的相对于彼此的相对位置被改变,由此壳体部分被置于预应力之下。必要时可能期望这样的预应力。
还是根据另一种有利的实施方式,拉杆的螺纹区段具有不同的外直径。这种实施方式尤其由所述结构单元的壳体的制造看来起有利的作用。结构单元的壳体优选由以塑料注塑方法来制造的壳体部分构成。有利地将具有封闭的底部的盲孔空隙引入到壳体部分中,拉杆的端面以具有更小的外直径的螺纹区段伸入到所述盲孔空隙中。这能够从同一侧将结构单元的以注塑法制造的壳体部分脱模。所述盲孔空隙的封闭的底部在此也在没有额外的密封件的情况下保证了密封性。
根据另一种有利的实施方式,拉杆的至少两个螺纹区段、有利地是所有螺纹区段具有相同的外直径。
不仅在具有不同的外直径的实施方式中而且在具有相同的外直径的实施方式中,都不仅考虑到螺纹区段中的不同的螺距而且考虑到螺纹区段中的相同的螺距。
在一种作为替代方案的实施方式中,不仅在具有不同的外直径的实施方式中而且在具有相同的外直径的实施方式中都考虑到不同类型的螺纹,例如尤其用于塑料壳体的适合塑料的螺纹以及用于金属构件、尤其增压空气冷却器或金属的壳体部分的米制螺纹。
拉杆有利地具有径向加宽的拉杆头,该拉杆头贴靠在壳体部分的外侧面上。能够适宜的是,在壳体部分的外侧面和拉杆头的内侧面之间布置有密封元件,该密封元件通过被旋入的拉杆的旋紧力轴向地被压紧并且引起流体密封的封闭效果。由此确保所述结构单元的内部空间以流体密封的方式被封装。
在一种作为替代方案的实施方式中,也能够放弃拉杆的径向加宽的拉杆头。在这种情况下,拉杆的拉杆头没有在径向上构造得大于最接近的螺纹区段。
在拉杆头上有利地是内多边形或外多边形。
根据另一种有利的实施方式,拉杆的至少一个螺纹区段借助于粘合剂或密封剂与壳体部分中的配对螺纹相连接,相关的螺纹区段被旋入到所述壳体部分中。材料的下述实施方式是可行的,其中所述材料不仅具有粘合作用而且具有密封作用,下述实施方式也是可行的,其中所述材料仅仅发挥密封作用。粘合剂或密封剂例如以涂层的形式被施加到拉杆的螺纹区段上,从而随着拉杆的旋入所述粘合剂或密封剂能够在拉杆的螺纹区段与壳体部分中的配对螺纹之间发挥其粘合的或者密封的作用。
粘合剂和密封剂比如能够以微封装的形式、尤其以珠粒的形式存在,其被施加到拉杆的螺纹、尤其螺纹区段上。随着螺纹拉杆的旋入,珠粒爆裂并且释放粘合剂或密封剂,由此实现所期望的粘合作用或密封作用。
根据另一种有利的实施方式,通过拉杆相连接的壳体部分形成彼此间隔开的、基本上平行的壳体壁。尤其壳体部分能够在通过拉杆相连接的壳体区域中形成平行的壳体壁。壳体壁的平行度能够在安装的通过拉杆相连接的状态中得到保持。
还是根据另一种适宜的实施方式,比如在所述构件的、具有侧向地横向于拉杆纵轴线被推入到壳体中的增压空气冷却器的实施方式中,通过拉杆相连接的壳体部分构造为单构件。必要时,壳体部分能够通过薄膜铰链或类似器件以能调节的方式被保持在一起。通过拉杆实现了壳体部分在相对于彼此的所期望的相对位置中的稳定和固定。
但是,比如在所述构件的、具有布置在两个沿着拉杆的纵向方向安装的壳体部分之间的增压空气冷却器的实施方式中,也能够考虑通过拉杆相连接的壳体部分的双构件的分开的构造。
必要时也能够附加于至少一个拉杆而布置另外的连接元件,壳体部分通过所述连接元件彼此相连接。
附图说明
从附图说明和附图中可以得知其它优点和适宜的实施方式。其中:
图1以透视图、部分地以剖面示出了内燃机的进气段中的进气管,以及穿过增压空气冷却器的、用于将进气管的对置的平行的壳体壁连接起来的拉杆的图示,
图2示出了在进气管的通过拉杆来连接的壳体壁的区域中的剖面,
图3示出了拉杆连同所连接的壳体壁的透视图,
图4示出了拉杆的单个图示,所述拉杆具有两个轴向间隔开的、拥有不同的外直径的螺纹区段。
在附图中,相同的构件设有相同的附图标记。
具体实施方式
在图1和图2中并且部分地在图3中示出了进气管1,该进气管布置在内燃机的进气段中并且为了对进气段中的经过压缩的燃烧空气进行冷却而在所述进气管中集成有增压空气冷却器3。进气管1具有壳体2,增压空气冷却器3被接纳在壳体中。如可以从图1中得知的那样,燃烧空气经由壳体侧的进气管接头4根据箭头5被导入到所述进气管1中,燃烧空气根据另外的箭头6和7穿过增压空气冷却器3并且随后从进气管1排出并且继续朝内燃机的进口的方向引导。
在增压空气冷却器3的区域中,进气管1的壳体2具有两个壳体壁8和9,所述壳体壁限定用于增压空气冷却器3的接纳室、彼此平行并且间隔开,所述壳体壁分别形成壳体部分。两个对置的壳体壁8和9通过拉杆10彼此连接并且相对于彼此得到固定,所述拉杆构造为双重拉杆并且具有两个轴向地相对于彼此间隔开的螺纹区段11和12,其中轴距与拉杆10的纵轴线相关。第一螺纹区段11紧邻拉杆的径向加宽的拉杆头13,其中内多边形14引入到拉杆头13中,以用于借助于内六角扳手来插入并且操纵。
第二螺纹区段12紧邻拉杆10的自由的端面,该自由的端面与拉杆头13轴向地对置。螺纹区段11和12具有相同的螺纹方向和相同的螺距,但是具有不同的外直径,其中与拉杆头13相邻的第一螺纹区段11的外直径大于与所述端面相邻的第二螺纹区段12的外直径。第一螺纹区段11的外直径例如比第二螺纹区段12的外直径大了至少50%。螺纹区段11和12的不同的外直径允许在将壳体2制造为塑料注塑构件时将所述壳体从同一侧脱模。这也能够如可以从图2中得知的那样将具有封闭的底部16的盲孔空隙15引入到第二壳体部分9中,其中拉杆10以其第二螺纹区段12伸入到盲孔空隙15中。由于构造为盲孔空隙15,而在此产生壳体2中的内部空间与增压空气冷却器3的绝对流体密封的封装效果。在此能够放弃密封元件。
在拉杆头13的处于里面的一侧上并且同时在第一壳体壁8的处于外面的一侧上有密封元件17、尤其密封圈,其位于壳体壁8和拉杆头13之间并且由拉杆头13轴向地压紧。由此,在第一壳体壁8的区域中也产生了流体密封的封装效果,从而不可能有流体经由壳体壁8中的空隙从壳体的内部空间向外泄出,拉杆10穿过所述壳体壁中的空隙引导。
拉杆10构造为具有两个轴向间隔开的螺纹区段11和12的双重拉杆,在所述螺纹区段之间存在无螺纹的区段,并且每个螺纹区段11和12与壳体壁8和9的空隙中的所分配的配对螺纹旋紧,这种方案允许将所述壳体壁相对于彼此朝两个轴向方向关于拉杆10的纵轴线18加以固定。穿过进气管1引导的燃烧空气的压力波动不仅在压力升高时而且在压力降低时都由所述拉杆10通过螺纹区段11和12承受,由此壳体壁8和9的相对于彼此的轴向的相对位置朝两个轴向方向得到了固定。在拉杆10与壳体壁8和9之间建立持久的牢固的连接,由此也长期保证了密封性。
如此安排每个螺纹区段的轴向长度,从而保证与每个壳体壁8和9的可靠且牢固的连接。两个螺纹区段11和12的轴向长度至少差不多一样大。每个螺纹区段的轴向长度例如约为拉杆10的总长度的四分之一。
为了建立连接,首先使具有与拉杆的端面相邻的螺纹区段12的拉杆10穿过第一壳体壁8中的空隙引导并且穿过套筒19导引,套筒被引入到增压空气冷却器3中并且完全延伸穿过增压空气冷却器3。将拉杆10以如此大的幅度插入到壳体2中,直到螺纹区段12进入盲孔空隙15的区域中。在壳体构造为塑料注塑构件的情况下,螺纹区段12有利地切入所述盲孔空隙15的内壁上的配对螺纹。然而,也可能适宜的是,在盲孔空隙15中布置有预制的配对螺纹,拉杆10的螺纹区段12被旋入到所述配对螺纹中。
随着螺纹区段12与盲孔空隙15中的配对螺纹的旋紧或者盲孔空隙15中的配对螺纹的切入,也同时在第一壳体壁8的区域中将螺纹区段11与壳体壁8中的空隙的内壁上的所分配的配对螺纹旋紧。以与在第二壳体壁9中相对应的方式,第一壳体壁8中的配对螺纹同样通过经由拉杆10上的螺纹区段11进行的切入而产生。作为替代方案,第一壳体壁8的空隙中的配对螺纹是预制的,并且螺纹区段11被旋入到预制的配对螺纹中。
旋入过程如此进行,直到拉杆头13贴靠在壳体壁8的外侧面上或者在密封元件17上产生足够高的轴向的压紧力。能够在转矩受控制的情况下进行旋入过程,方法是:预先给定拧紧力矩,在达到所述拧紧力矩时结束旋入过程。
Claims (13)
1.用于接纳处于交变压力下的流体的结构单元,具有壳体(2),其中所述壳体(2)的至少两个彼此间隔开的壳体部分(8、9)通过拉杆(10)相连接,其特征在于,所述拉杆(10)构造为复合拉杆并且具有至少两个间隔开的螺纹区段(11、12),其中每个螺纹区段(11、12)被旋入到所述壳体部分(8、9)中的各一个配对螺纹中,穿过进气管(1)引导的燃烧空气的压力波动不仅在压力升高时而且在压力降低时都由所述拉杆(10)通过螺纹区段(11、12)承受,由此壳体部分(8、9)的相对于彼此的轴向的相对位置朝两个轴向方向得到了固定,所述拉杆(10)的螺纹区段(11、12)具有相同的螺距和相同的螺纹方向,由此确保所述壳体部分随着拉杆的旋入和螺纹区段到相应的配对螺纹中的嵌合来相对于彼此保持其相对位置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的结构单元,其特征在于,所述拉杆(10)的螺纹区段(11、12)具有不同的外直径。
3.根据权利要求1所述的结构单元,其特征在于,所述拉杆(10)的螺纹区段(11、12)具有相同的外直径。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的结构单元,其特征在于,壳体部分(8、9)具有设有封闭的底部(16)的盲孔空隙(15),所述拉杆(10)的端面伸入到所述盲孔空隙中。
5.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的结构单元,其特征在于,所述拉杆(10)的至少一个螺纹区段(11、12)借助于粘合剂或密封剂与所述壳体部分(8、9)中的配对螺纹相连接。
6.根据权利要求5所述的结构单元,其特征在于,在将所述拉杆(10)旋入到所述壳体侧的配对螺纹中之前将所述粘合剂或密封剂施加到所述拉杆(10)的至少一个螺纹区段(11、12)上。
7.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的结构单元,其特征在于,通过所述拉杆(10)相连接的壳体部分(8、9)形成彼此间隔开的平行的壳体壁。
8.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的结构单元,其特征在于,通过所述拉杆(10)相连接的壳体部分(8、9)构造为单构件或双构件。
9.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的结构单元,其特征在于,所述壳体(2)的壳体部分(8、9)以塑料注塑方法来制成。
10.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的结构单元,构造为用于内燃机的进气管(1)。
11.根据权利要求10所述的结构单元,其特征在于,增压空气冷却器(3)集成到所述进气管(1)中,所述拉杆(10)穿过所述增压空气冷却器引导。
12.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的结构单元,构造为用于内燃机的空气过滤装置。
13.根据权利要求1所述的结构单元,其特征在于,所述结构单元处于内燃机的进气段中。
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