CN110631817A - A replaceable broach mechanism reliability test device and test method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention proposes a replaceable broach mechanism reliability test device and a test method to solve the limitation that the current electric spindle reliability test device cannot perform reliability tests on key components. The electric spindle is connected and fixed with the electric spindle holding mechanism of the electric spindle support module; the replaceable analog tool handle module is connected and fixed with the internal broaching mechanism of the electric spindle through the upper part of the replaceable handle; the performance detection The working platform base of the module is connected and fixed with the ground iron of the electric spindle support module by bolts; the tool handle feed module is installed on the working platform base of the performance detection module, and the tool handle auxiliary feeding mechanism fits in the groove on the lower part of the replaceable handle described above. Using the test device, according to the model of the machine tool spindle or the test spindle, select the corresponding upper part of the replaceable tool holder and the lower part of the replaceable tool holder for assembly, and then carry out functional tests, performance testing tests and fault diagnosis tests.

Description

A replaceable broach mechanism reliability test device and test method

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of test equipment for machine tool functional components, and in particular relates to a replaceable broach mechanism reliability test device and test method.

Background technique

As a key component of the motorized spindle, the broaching mechanism can automatically tighten and loosen the tool inside the motorized spindle. Its performance and reliability have a great influence on the motorized spindle and even the running state of the machine tool and the machining accuracy of the workpiece. The traditional electric spindle reliability test device generally focuses on the simulated real working condition loading and performance testing of the electric spindle as a whole, and cannot carry out the reliability test of the key components of the electric spindle. The reliability test device of the broach mechanism is designed to realize the automatic push of the handle, and the function test, performance detection test, and fault diagnosis test are carried out, which can provide a data basis for the reliability research of the broach mechanism. A replaceable analog tool holder with screw connection is designed, which can meet different types of electric spindles in field tests and bench tests at the same time, and realize the replaceability, portability, universality and functional diversity of this reliable device. The reliability of the broach mechanism can be studied through the data such as the number of tool changes and tool change time recorded by the functional test, and the relationship between the failure of the broach mechanism and various performance parameters can be analyzed through performance testing tests and fault diagnosis tests.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the limitation that the reliability test cannot be performed on the key parts of the electric spindle, the present invention proposes a replaceable broach mechanism reliability test device and test method.

The technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:

The replaceable broach mechanism reliability test device includes five modules: an electric spindle, an electric spindle support module, a replaceable analog tool handle module, a performance detection module, and a tool handle feed module; the electric spindle and the The electric spindle clamping mechanism of the electric spindle support module is connected and fixed; the replaceable analog tool handle module is connected and fixed with the internal broaching mechanism of the electric spindle through the upper part of the replaceable handle; the working platform base of the performance detection module is connected to the The ground iron of the electric spindle support module is fixed by bolts. The feed module of the tool handle is installed on the base of the working platform of the performance detection module. Groove fit.

The electric spindle support module includes an electric spindle holding mechanism, an electric spindle support column, and a horizontal iron; the electric spindle holding mechanism is fixed on the electric spindle support column by bolts; the electric spindle support column is fixed on the electric spindle support column by bolts On the ground rail.

The replaceable analog handle module includes a replaceable upper part of a handle, a lower part of a replaceable handle, a loading bearing, and a bearing sleeve; the upper part of a replaceable handle includes a BT handle and an HSK handle, and the replaceable handle The upper part and the lower part of the replaceable handle are threaded; the loading bearing is installed on the lower part of the replaceable handle with interference fit; the bearing sleeve is installed on the loading bearing with interference fit, so that the radial force loading device can Dynamic loading of the electric spindle described above.

The performance detection module includes a sensor module, a radial force loading module, an integrated working platform, a working platform support, and a working platform base; the sensor module is fixed on the integrated working platform by bolts; the radial force loading module is Bolts are fixed on the integrated working platform; the integrated working platform is connected to the tops of the two working platform supports by bolts; the bottoms of the two working platform supports are fixedly connected to the base of the working platform by bolts.

The sensor module includes a laser displacement sensor I, a laser displacement sensor II, a laser displacement sensor III, a sensor rail frame, and a sensor bracket; the laser displacement sensor I, laser displacement sensor II, and laser displacement sensor III are fixedly connected to the sensor rail by bolts The position of the sensor can be adjusted on the frame, and the performance of the test object can be tested; the sensor rail frame and the sensor bracket are fixedly connected by bolts. The radial force loading module includes a radial force loading device, a radial force loading device clip, and a radial force loading device bracket; the radial force loading device is connected and fixed with the radial force loading device clip; The clamp of the radial force loading device is fixedly connected to the top of the support of the radial force loading device through bolts.

The tool holder feed module includes a tool handle auxiliary feed mechanism, a feed cylinder, a cylinder connecting plate, and an electric turntable; the tool handle auxiliary feed mechanism is connected to the feed cylinder through threads; the feed cylinder is connected to the feed cylinder The connecting plate of the cylinder and the electric turntable are fixed by bolts.

The present invention also proposes a reliability test method using the above-mentioned replaceable broach mechanism reliability test device, which includes the following steps: according to the model of the machine tool spindle or the test spindle, select the corresponding replaceable upper part of the tool holder and the replaceable tool holder. Replacement of the lower part of the handle; match the groove of the lower part of the replaceable handle with the auxiliary feeding mechanism of the handle after assembly, so as to realize the self-locking of the two and push the replaceable analog handle module into the inner part of the electric spindle taper surface; carry out functional tests on the broach mechanism, and record the number of tool changes, tool change time, etc. to provide a data basis for reliability analysis; perform performance testing tests on the broach mechanism, and obtain the dynamic and static stiffness of the joint surface between the spindle and the tool handle, pull The performance parameters such as tool force are used as the criterion for the static dynamics and fault diagnosis of the electric spindle; the fault diagnosis test is carried out on the broach mechanism, and the fault of the broach mechanism is diagnosed according to the obtained performance test results and the transient vibration of the broach process .

In one embodiment of the present invention, wherein, when carrying out the function test of the broaching mechanism, it specifically includes: the feeding cylinder with the auxiliary feeding mechanism of the handle pushes the replaceable simulated handle module from the initial position to the The inner cone surface of the electric spindle; the internal broaching mechanism of the electric spindle performs broaching, so that the inner cone surface of the electric spindle is closely combined with the outer cone surface on the upper part of the replaceable tool handle; the electric turntable rotates At a certain angle, the lower part of the replaceable handle and the auxiliary feed mechanism of the handle are released from self-locking, and the feed cylinder moves down to the initial position with the auxiliary feed mechanism of the handle; the frequency converter for controlling the electric spindle is turned on, Control the electric spindle to rotate with a knife at a certain speed, and make the radial force loading device contact the groove of the bearing sleeve, and dynamically load the running electric spindle to realize the simulation of real working conditions; The electric spindle runs with a knife for a period of time, unloads the radial force loading device, and stops the operation of the electric spindle; the feed cylinder takes the tool handle auxiliary feed mechanism from the initial position to the replaceable knife Inside the groove of the lower part of the shank, the electric turntable rotates in the opposite direction at a certain angle, and the lower part of the replaceable shank is self-locked with the auxiliary feeding mechanism of the shank; the feeding cylinder is equipped with the auxiliary feeding mechanism of the shank Go down to the initial position with the replaceable analog tool holder module; repeat the above steps, and record the number of tool changes, tool change time, running time of the electric spindle with the tool, loading time of the electric spindle with the tool, etc.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the performance detection test of the broach mechanism specifically includes: after performing the functional test, tightening the broach detection device through the broach mechanism inside the electric spindle to obtain a broach Force; adjust the position of the laser displacement sensor II on the sensor rail frame, and make the testing direction of the laser displacement sensor II and the force loading direction of the radial force loading device in a straight line; place the The radial force loading device is in contact with the groove of the bearing sleeve, and applies different radial forces to obtain static stiffness; the frequency converter for controlling the electric spindle is turned on, and the electric spindle is controlled to rotate with a knife at a certain speed; the radial The force loading device is in contact with the groove of the bearing sleeve, and applies different radial forces to obtain dynamic stiffness; adjust the position of the laser displacement sensor I and the laser displacement sensor III on the sensor rail frame, and The testing directions of the laser displacement sensor I and the laser displacement sensor III are set at 90° to obtain rotation accuracy.

In one embodiment of the present invention, when performing the fault diagnosis test of the broach mechanism, it specifically includes: attaching the vibration sensor to the end of the electric spindle through magnetic force, installing the cylinder pressure sensor on the opening of the electric spindle; Knife cylinder: carry out a single function test of the broaching mechanism, and obtain the transient vibration value of the broaching and loosening of the knife and the pressure value of the knife cylinder.

Beneficial effects of the present invention: the present invention discloses a replaceable broach mechanism reliability test device, which can conduct reliability tests on the key parts of the electric spindle, and solves the limitations in the overall reliability test of the electric spindle. A replaceable analog tool holder with screw connection is designed to meet different types of electric spindles, so as to realize the replaceability, universality and functional diversity of the test device, and reduce the cost of manufacturing the simulated tool holder. The test device of the invention can realize the function test, performance detection test and fault diagnosis test of the broach mechanism, and study the reliability of the broach mechanism according to the test data. Designing the reliability test device of the broach mechanism and carrying out the reliability test of the broach mechanism have important guiding significance for the study of the reliability of the electric spindle.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 shows the structural representation of a kind of replaceable broach mechanism reliability test device of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the electric spindle support module according to the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the replaceable analog knife handle module of the present invention;

Fig. 4 shows the sectional view of the assembly of the upper part of the BT type replaceable handle and the lower part of the replaceable handle according to the present invention;

Fig. 5 shows the sectional view of the assembly of the HSK type replaceable knife handle upper part and the replaceable knife handle lower part according to the present invention;

Fig. 6 shows the structural representation of the performance detection module of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the feed module of the tool holder according to the present invention.

In the picture:

1 electric spindle, 2 electric spindle support module, 2-1 electric spindle clamping mechanism, 2-2 electric spindle support column, 2-3 ground level iron, 3 replaceable analog tool handle module, 3-1 replaceable upper part of the tool handle, 3-2 replaceable lower part of tool holder, 3-3 loading bearing, 3-4 bearing sleeve, 4 performance detection module, 4-1 sensor module, 4-1-1 laser displacement sensor Ⅰ, 4-1-2 laser displacement sensor Ⅱ, 4-1-3 laser displacement sensor Ⅲ, 4-1-4 sensor rail frame, 4-1-5 sensor bracket, 4-2 radial force loading module, 4-2-1 radial force loading device, 4 -2-2 radial force loading device clamp, 4-2-3 radial force loading device bracket, 4-3 integrated working platform, 4-4 working platform support, 4-5 working platform base, 5 handle feed Module, 5-1 knife holder auxiliary feed mechanism, 5-2 feed cylinder, 5-3 cylinder connecting plate, 5-4 electric turntable.

Detailed ways

Specific Embodiment 1: This embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 1 to FIG. 7 . This embodiment provides a specific embodiment of a replaceable broach mechanism reliability test device. The reliability test device for a replaceable broach mechanism includes five modules: an electric spindle 1, an electric spindle support module 2, a replaceable analog handle module 3, a performance detection module 4, and a handle feed module 5, as shown in Fig. 1. The electric spindle 1 is connected and fixed with the electric spindle clamping mechanism 2-1 of the electric spindle support module 2, and the replaceable analog tool handle module 3 is connected with the internal broach of the electric spindle 1 through the replaceable handle upper part 3-1. The mechanism is connected and fixed, the working platform base 4-5 of the performance detection module 4 is connected and fixed with the ground iron 2-3 of the electric spindle support module 2 by bolts, and the tool handle feed module 5 is installed on the performance detection module 4. On the working platform base 4-5 of the module 4, the tool handle auxiliary feed mechanism 5-1 is matched with the groove of the replaceable tool handle lower part 3-2.

The electric spindle 1 is the product under test for the reliability test of the replaceable broach mechanism, and different types of electric spindles to be tested can be installed on the reliability test device for the replaceable broach mechanism to conduct the reliability test.

The motorized spindle support module 2 is a device for testing motorized spindle or machine tool spindle support, including a motorized spindle clamping mechanism 2-1, a motorized spindle support column 2-2, and a horizontal iron 2-3, as shown in FIG. 2 . The electric spindle holding and clamping mechanism 2-1 is used to fix and clamp the electric spindle, prevent the axial movement of the electric spindle through interference fit, and ensure the stability of the fixation, and is fixed on the electric spindle support column 2 by bolts -2 on. A chute and a row of threaded holes are provided on the supporting column 2-2 of the electric spindle, which can be fixedly connected with threaded holes at different positions through the electric spindle clamping mechanism 2-1, and the axis of the electric spindle on the test device can be adjusted. to the location. Considering the weight of the test spindle and the self-weight of the supporting parts, in order to simulate the working state of the vertical machine tool and ensure that the supporting part has sufficient rigidity and strength, the electric spindle supporting column 2-2 is designed as a square column, and the internal setting Ribs are arranged and fixed on the horizontal iron 2-3 by bolts.

The replaceable analog handle module 3 is the main part of the broach mechanism reliability test device, including a replaceable handle upper part 3-1, a replaceable handle lower part 3-2, a loading bearing 3-3, a bearing sleeve 3- 4. Refer to Figure 3. In order to meet the reliability test and performance test of different types of electric spindles on the same test device in the field test and bench test at the same time, the screw connection between the upper part 3-1 of the replaceable tool holder and the lower part 3-2 of the replaceable tool holder is designed , in order to realize the reduction of the manufacturing cost of the analog tool handle and the replaceability and universality of the analog tool handle. According to the models of most CNC machine tool electric spindles, the replaceable upper part of the tool holder 3-1 mainly includes BT tool holder and HSK tool holder in the present invention, and the detailed two kinds of replaceable upper part of the tool holder and the lower part of the replaceable tool holder The cross-sectional views of the assembly refer to Figures 4 and 5, respectively. The bottom of the replaceable knife handle lower part 3-2 is provided with a groove of a specific shape, which can cooperate with the raised part on the top of the knife handle auxiliary feed mechanism 5-1, and realize two kinds of self-locking by rotating a certain angle, Prevent the fall-off of the replaceable analog knife handle module 3 . The groove of the lower part 3-2 of the replaceable handle is fan-shaped, and the area of the top of the groove is increased to the greatest extent under the premise of ensuring the rotation, so as to realize the auxiliary function of the lower part 3-2 of the replaceable handle. The self-locking stability of the feed mechanism 5-1. In order to realize the dynamic loading and performance testing of the electric spindle 1, the loading bearing 3-3 is installed on the lower part 3-2 of the replaceable tool handle with an interference fit, and the bearing sleeve 3-4 is installed on the Load bearing 3-3. A groove is provided on the outer side of the bearing sleeve 3-4, which can cooperate with the loading head of the radial force loading device 4-2-1 to increase the force bearing area to ensure the effectiveness of force loading. The loading bearing 3-3 and the bearing sleeve 3-4 are arranged outside the bottom end of the replaceable tool handle lower part 3-2, which can simulate the actual working conditions of the electric spindle 1 being processed on-site on a CNC machine tool, That is, the force is applied at the tip of the electric spindle.

The performance detection module 4 is an important part of the performance detection of the broach mechanism, which can realize the detection of performance parameters such as the dynamic and static stiffness of the joint surface of the spindle and the handle, and the broach force, mainly including the sensor module 4-1, the radial force The loading module 4-2, the integrated working platform 4-3, the working platform support 4-4, and the working platform base 4-5, refer to FIG. 6 . The sensor module 4-1 and the radial force loading module 4-2 are fixed on the integrated working platform 4-3 by bolts. The two working platform brackets 4-4 are designed in a "Z" shape, the top is provided with a positioning plane and threaded holes which can be connected with the integrated working platform 4-3 by bolts, and the bottom is provided with a positioning plane and threaded holes which can be connected with the integrated working platform 4-3. The working platform base 4-5 is fixedly connected by bolts. The sensor module 4-1 can measure the displacement of the electric spindle 1 in a specific direction, including laser displacement sensor I4-1-1, laser displacement sensor II4-1-2, laser displacement sensor III4-1-3, sensor Rail frame 4-1-4, sensor bracket 4-1-5. The laser displacement sensor I4-1-1, the laser displacement sensor II4-1-2, and the laser displacement sensor III4-1-3 are fixedly connected to the sensor guide rail frame 4-1-4 by bolts, which can realize the adjustment of the sensor position, Perform performance testing on test objects. The sensor guide rail frame 4-1-4 is fixedly connected with the sensor bracket 4-1-5 through bolts. The radial force loading module 4-2 is an auxiliary device for performance testing of the broach mechanism, including a radial force loading device 4-2-1, a radial force loading device holding clip 4-2-2, and a radial force loading device Brackets 4-2-3. The radial force loading device 4-2-1 is connected and fixed with the clamp 4-2-2 of the radial force loading device. The clamp 4-2-2 of the radial force loading device is fixedly connected to the top of the radial force loading device bracket 4-2-3 through bolts. In the present invention, various radial loading devices can be selected for loading, which will not be repeated here.

The tool handle feed module 5 can realize the feed movement of the replaceable analog tool handle module 3, and drive it to push up to the inner tapered surface of the electric spindle 1 and down to the initial position, so as to complete the automatic tool change The process simulates the movement of the manipulator in the actual CNC machine tool. The tool handle feeding module 5 includes a tool handle auxiliary feeding mechanism 5-1, a feeding cylinder 5-2, a cylinder connecting plate 5-3, and an electric turntable 5-4, as shown in FIG. 7 . The tool holder auxiliary feeding mechanism 5-1 is threadedly connected with the feeding cylinder 5-2. The feed cylinder 5-2 is connected and fixed with the cylinder connection plate 5-3 and the electric turntable 5-4 by bolts. The feed cylinder 5-2 refers to AirTAC's SC-50*150-S-FB model. The electric turntable 5-4 refers to Paidiwei px110-200 model, which can rotate at a certain angle under the drive of the motor, and drives the auxiliary feed mechanism 5-1 of the knife handle, the feed cylinder 5-2, and the cylinder connecting plate 5-3 rotates at a corresponding angle to complete the self-locking and unlocking of the replaceable handle lower part 3-2 and the auxiliary feed mechanism 5-1 of the handle.

Specific Embodiment 2: This embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. 1 . This embodiment provides a specific embodiment of a reliability test method for a replaceable broach mechanism. Described a kind of replaceable broach mechanism reliability test method specifically comprises the following steps:

Step 1: According to the model of the machine tool spindle or test spindle, select the corresponding BT or HSK model of the upper part of the replaceable tool holder 3-1 and the lower part of the replaceable tool holder 3-2 to assemble through threads.

Step 2: Match the groove of the lower part of the replaceable handle to the auxiliary feeding mechanism 5-1 of the handle, so that the electric turntable 5-4 can rotate at a certain angle, so as to realize the connection between the lower part of the replaceable handle 3-2 and the handle It assists the self-locking of the feed mechanism 5-1, and puts the replaceable analog tool handle module 3 at the initial position.

Step 3: Carrying out a functional test on the broach mechanism is the basis for the reliability test of the broach mechanism. Faults can be triggered by repeated tool change actions, and the number of tool changes, tool change time, running time of the electric spindle with a knife, and the frequency of the electric spindle can be recorded. The loading time of the belt knife, etc., provide data for the reliability research of the broach mechanism. The feed cylinder 5-2 and the tool handle auxiliary feed mechanism 5-1 push up the replaceable analog tool handle module 3 from the initial position to the position of the inner cone of the electric spindle 1 . The internal broaching mechanism of the electric spindle 1 performs broaching, so that the inner tapered surface of the electric spindle 1 is closely combined with the outer tapered surface of the replaceable tool handle upper part 3-1. The electric turntable 5-4 rotates at a certain angle, the lower part 3-2 of the replaceable knife handle and the auxiliary feed mechanism 5-1 of the knife handle are released from self-locking, and the feed cylinder 5-2 carries the knife handle The auxiliary feed mechanism 5-1 descends to the initial position. Turn on the frequency converter that controls the electric spindle, control the electric spindle to rotate with a knife at a certain speed, and make the radial force loading device 4-2-1 contact with the groove of the bearing sleeve 3-4, and control the operation Dynamically load the electric spindle in order to simulate the real working conditions. The electric spindle 1 runs with a knife for a period of time, unloads the radial force loading device 4-2-1, and stops the operation of the electric spindle 1. The feed cylinder 5-2 with the tool handle auxiliary feed mechanism 5-1 moves up from the initial position to the inside of the groove of the replaceable tool handle lower part 3-2, and the electric turntable 5-4 reversely rotates At a certain angle, the replaceable handle lower part 3-2 is self-locked with the auxiliary feed mechanism 5-1 of the handle. The feed cylinder 5-2 moves down to the initial position with the tool handle auxiliary feeding mechanism 5-1 and the replaceable analog tool handle module 3, and the above steps are repeated.

Step 4: Carry out a performance testing test on the broach mechanism to obtain performance parameters such as dynamic and static stiffness and broaching force of the joint surface between the spindle and the tool handle, and use them as criteria for static dynamics and fault diagnosis of the electric spindle. After the functional test, the broach detection device is tightened through the broach mechanism inside the electric spindle 1 to obtain the broach force. Adjust the position of the laser displacement sensor II 4-1-2 on the sensor rail frame 4-1-4, and make the test direction of the laser displacement sensor II 4-1-2 coincide with the radial force loading device 4 -2-1 The force loading direction is in a straight line. The radial force loading device 4-2-1 is in contact with the groove of the bearing sleeve 3-4, and different radial forces are applied to obtain static stiffness. Turn on the frequency converter that controls the electric spindle, and control the electric spindle to rotate with the knife at a certain speed. The radial force loading device 4-2-1 is in contact with the groove of the bearing sleeve 3-4, and applies different radial forces to obtain dynamic stiffness. Adjust the position of the laser displacement sensor I4-1-1 and the laser displacement sensor III4-1-3 on the sensor rail frame 4-1-4, and make the laser displacement sensor I4-1-1 and The testing direction of the laser displacement sensor III 4-1-3 is 90° to obtain rotation accuracy.

Step 5: Perform a fault diagnosis test on the broach mechanism, and diagnose whether the broach mechanism is faulty according to the obtained performance test results and the transient vibration during the broach process. The vibration sensor is magnetically attached to the end of the electric spindle 1 , and the cylinder pressure sensor is installed on the tool cylinder of the electric spindle 1 . Carry out a single functional test of the broaching mechanism, obtain and record the transient vibration values of the broaching and loosening of the broach and the pressure value of the broaching cylinder.

The embodiment of the present invention takes the broach mechanism, a key part of the electric spindle, as the research object, and studies the reliability of the broach mechanism. On the basis of the established test device, the present invention can carry out function tests, performance detection tests and fault diagnosis tests for broach mechanisms of different types of electric spindles. Among them, function test and performance test are the basis of reliability test and provide judgment basis for fault diagnosis test. The functional test of repeated tool changes may stimulate a specific fault in the broaching mechanism and cause a change in a specific performance parameter, thereby judging whether the fault occurs and determining the fault mode.

By cyclically repeating the reliability test steps of the broach mechanism and analyzing the accumulated test data, the achievable research contents mainly include the following aspects:

1. The relationship between disc spring-related failure modes and broaching force, dynamic and static stiffness, and rotation accuracy;

2. The relationship between the disc spring-related failure modes and the transient vibration of pulling and releasing the knife;

3. The relationship between the disc spring-related failure modes and the pressure value of the knife cylinder;

4. The relationship between the relevant failure modes of the knife cylinder and the pressure value of the knife cylinder;

5. The relationship between the failure mode of the pulling jaw and the broaching force, dynamic and static stiffness, and rotation accuracy;

6. The relationship between the failure modes related to the pulling jaw and the transient vibration of pulling and releasing the knife;

7. The relationship between the various performance parameters of the electric spindle;

8. The relationship between the number of tool changes, the tool change time, the running time of the motorized spindle with the tool, the loading time of the motorized spindle with the tool, and the mean time between failures (MTBF).

In summary, the present invention proposes a replaceable broach mechanism reliability test device to realize automatic feed and tool change of the handle, and to perform function test, performance detection test and fault diagnosis test. The reliability test of the device provides a data basis for the reliability research of the broach mechanism, so as to solve the limitation that the current electric spindle reliability test device cannot conduct reliability tests on key components.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a but substitution broach mechanism reliability test device which characterized in that:

the tool comprises five modules, namely an electric spindle (1), an electric spindle support module (2), a replaceable simulation tool shank module (3), a performance detection module (4) and a tool shank feeding module (5); the electric spindle (1) is fixedly connected with an electric spindle clamping mechanism (2-1) of the electric spindle support module (2); the replaceable simulation tool shank module (3) is fixedly connected with a broaching mechanism in the electric spindle (1) through the upper part (3-1) of the replaceable tool shank; a working platform base (4-5) of the performance detection module (4) is fixedly connected with a ground iron (2-3) of the electric spindle support module (2) through a bolt; the tool shank feeding module (5) is installed on a working platform base (4-5) of the performance detection module (4), and a tool shank auxiliary feeding mechanism (5-1) of the tool shank feeding module (5) is matched with a groove of a replaceable tool shank lower part (3-2) of the replaceable simulation tool shank module (3).

2. The device for testing the reliability of the replaceable broach mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that:

the electric spindle support module (2) comprises an electric spindle clamping mechanism (2-1), an electric spindle support upright post (2-2) and a horizontal iron (2-3); the electric spindle clamping mechanism (2-1) is fixed on the electric spindle supporting upright post (2-2) through a bolt; the electric spindle supporting upright post (2-2) is fixed on the ground flat iron (2-3) through a bolt.

3. The device for testing the reliability of the replaceable broach mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that:

the replaceable simulation tool shank module (3) comprises a replaceable tool shank upper part (3-1), a replaceable tool shank lower part (3-2), a loading bearing (3-3) and a bearing sleeve (3-4); the replaceable knife handle upper part (3-1) comprises a BT knife handle and an HSK knife handle, and the replaceable knife handle upper part (3-1) is connected with the replaceable knife handle lower part (3-2) through threads; the loading bearing (3-3) is arranged at the lower part (3-2) of the replaceable knife handle in an interference fit manner; the bearing sleeve (3-4) is arranged on the loading bearing (3-3) in an interference fit mode, and dynamic loading of the radial force loading device (4-2-1) of the performance detection module (4) on the electric spindle (1) is achieved.

4. The device for testing the reliability of the replaceable broach mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that:

the performance detection module (4) comprises a sensor module (4-1), a radial force loading module (4-2), an integrated working platform (4-3), a working platform bracket (4-4) and a working platform base (4-5); the sensor module (4-1) is fixed on the integrated working platform (4-3) through a bolt; the radial force loading module (4-2) is fixed on the integrated working platform (4-3) through a bolt; the integrated working platform (4-3) is connected with the tops of the two working platform brackets (4-4) through bolts; the bottoms of the two working platform supports (4-4) are fixedly connected with the working platform base (4-5) through bolts.

5. The device for testing the reliability of the replaceable broach mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that:

the sensor module (4-1) comprises a laser displacement sensor I (4-1-1), a laser displacement sensor II (4-1-2), a laser displacement sensor III (4-1-3), a sensor guide rail bracket (4-1-4) and a sensor bracket (4-1-5); the laser displacement sensor I (4-1-1), the laser displacement sensor II (4-1-2) and the laser displacement sensor III (4-1-3) are fixedly connected to the sensor guide rail frame (4-1-4) through bolts, so that the position of the sensor is adjusted, and the performance of a test object is detected; the sensor guide rail bracket (4-1-4) is fixedly connected with the sensor bracket (4-1-5) through bolts. The radial force loading module (4-2) comprises a radial force loading device (4-2-1), a radial force loading device clamp (4-2-2) and a radial force loading device support (4-2-3); the radial force loading device (4-2-1) is fixedly connected with the radial force loading device clamp (4-2-2); the radial force loading device holding clamp (4-2-2) is fixedly connected to the top of the radial force loading device support (4-2-3) through a bolt.

6. The device for testing the reliability of the replaceable broach mechanism according to claim 5, characterized in that:

the tool shank feeding module (5) comprises a tool shank auxiliary feeding mechanism (5-1), a feeding cylinder (5-2), a cylinder connecting plate (5-3) and an electric rotary table (5-4); the auxiliary feeding mechanism (5-1) of the tool shank is connected with the feeding cylinder (5-2) through threads; the feeding cylinder (5-2), the cylinder connecting plate (5-3) and the electric rotary table (5-4) are fixedly connected through bolts.

7. The method for testing the reliability of the replaceable broach mechanism according to the test device of claim 6, is characterized by comprising the following steps:

according to the type of the machine tool spindle or the test spindle, the corresponding upper part (3-1) of the replaceable tool handle and the corresponding lower part (3-2) of the replaceable tool handle are selected for assembly;

matching a groove at the lower part of the assembled replaceable tool handle with an auxiliary tool handle feeding mechanism (5-1) to realize self-locking of the two and pushing of the replaceable simulation tool handle module (3) to an inner conical surface of the electric spindle (1);

performing a function test on the broach mechanism, and recording the tool changing times and the tool changing time to provide a data basis for reliability analysis;

performing a performance detection test on the broach mechanism, acquiring dynamic and static rigidity of a joint surface of the spindle and the tool holder and performance parameters of the broach force, and using the parameters as criteria of static and dynamic mechanics and fault diagnosis of the electric spindle;

and carrying out a fault diagnosis test on the broaching mechanism, and diagnosing the fault of the broaching mechanism according to the obtained performance detection result and the transient vibration of the broaching process.

8. The method for testing the reliability of the replaceable broach mechanism according to claim 7, wherein the broach mechanism function test specifically includes:

the feeding cylinder (5-2) is provided with the cutter handle auxiliary feeding mechanism (5-1) to push the replaceable simulation cutter handle module (3) upwards from an initial position to an inner conical surface of the electric spindle (1);

the broaching mechanism in the electric spindle (1) performs broaching to enable the inner conical surface of the electric spindle (1) to be tightly combined with the outer conical surface of the upper part (3-1) of the replaceable tool holder;

the electric turntable (5-4) rotates by a certain angle, the lower part (3-2) of the replaceable tool shank and the auxiliary tool shank feeding mechanism (5-1) are unlocked, and the feeding cylinder (5-2) with the auxiliary tool shank feeding mechanism (5-1) descends to an initial position;

starting a frequency converter for controlling the electric spindle, controlling the electric spindle to rotate with a cutter at a certain rotating speed, enabling the radial force loading device (4-2-1) to be in contact with the groove of the bearing sleeve (3-4), and dynamically loading the electric spindle in operation to realize simulation of a real working condition;

the motorized spindle (1) runs with a cutter for a period of time, the radial force loading device (4-2-1) is unloaded, and the motorized spindle (1) stops running;

the feeding cylinder (5-2) is provided with the auxiliary cutter handle feeding mechanism (5-1) and moves upwards from an initial position to the inside of a groove of the lower part (3-2) of the replaceable cutter handle, the electric rotary table (5-4) rotates reversely for a certain angle, and the lower part (3-2) of the replaceable cutter handle and the auxiliary cutter handle feeding mechanism (5-1) are self-locked;

the feeding cylinder (5-2) is provided with the auxiliary feeding mechanism (5-1) of the tool shank and the replaceable simulation tool shank module (3) to descend to an initial position;

and repeating the steps, and recording the tool changing times, the tool changing time, the electric spindle tool-carrying running time and the electric spindle tool-carrying loading time.

9. The method for testing the reliability of the replaceable broach mechanism according to claim 7, wherein the performance test of the broach mechanism specifically includes:

after a functional test is carried out, the broach detection device is tensioned through a broach mechanism in the electric spindle (1) to obtain broach force;

adjusting the position of the laser displacement sensor II (4-1-2) on the sensor guide rail bracket (4-1-4), and enabling the testing direction of the laser displacement sensor II (4-1-2) and the force loading direction of the radial force loading device (4-2-1) to be on the same straight line;

the radial force loading device (4-2-1) is contacted with the groove of the bearing sleeve (3-4), and different radial forces are applied to obtain static rigidity;

starting a frequency converter for controlling the electric spindle, and controlling the electric spindle to rotate with a cutter at a certain rotating speed;

the radial force loading device (4-2-1) is in contact with the groove of the bearing sleeve (3-4) to apply different radial forces so as to obtain dynamic stiffness;

and adjusting the positions of the laser displacement sensor I (4-1-1) and the laser displacement sensor III (4-1-3) on the sensor guide rail frame (4-1-4), and enabling the test directions of the laser displacement sensor I (4-1-1) and the laser displacement sensor III (4-1-3) to be 90 degrees so as to obtain the rotation precision.

10. The method for testing the reliability of the replaceable broach mechanism according to claim 7, wherein when performing the broach mechanism fault diagnosis test, the method specifically includes:

the vibration sensor is attracted to the end part of the electric spindle (1) through magnetic force, and the air cylinder pressure sensor is installed on a unclamping cylinder of the electric spindle (1);

and performing a function test of the single broach mechanism to obtain transient vibration values and unclamping cylinder pressure values of the broach and the unclamping tool.

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