CN110436733B - Silt separation device and separation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a silt separation device and a method, and particularly relates to a device for separating silt of a river channel, which sequentially passes through a first section of cylindrical screen and a second section of cylindrical screen, silt slurry is separated at the first section of cylindrical screen, coarse sand is separated at the second section of cylindrical screen and is stacked as a finished product, and large stones separated at the second section of cylindrical screen are ball-milled and then returned to the first section of cylindrical screen; the silt slurry enters the cyclone after dehydration after mixed purification, sand in the obtained underflow is stacked as a finished product, fine sand obtained after overflow is concentrated is stacked as a finished product, at least part of the silt slurry is dehydrated and enters the purification tank to be treated and then is converged with the silt slurry, and the primary separation of sand materials with different diameters is realized by using the first section of cylindrical screen and the second section of cylindrical screen.

Description

Silt separation device and separation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of river channel dredging, in particular to a silt separation device and a separation method thereof.

Background

In urban riverways, a large amount of untreated domestic sewage causes the pollution load of the untreated domestic sewage to reach the water environment capacity threshold value. The sediment is an endogenous source of water quality deterioration, so that sediment dredging is one of important measures for improving water quality of rivers and lakes, and the dredged sediment has the characteristics of high water content, low strength, large deformation, complex pollution components and the like, so that the problem of sludge disposal is very troublesome. The traditional disposal method comprises stacking in a storage yard and filling in a low-lying position, is simple and feasible, and the disposal of the river sludge is oriented to resource treatment. The resource utilization technology treats the originally waste dredged sludge as a resource, changes waste into valuable and utilizes the resource, increases the added value of the waste sludge, and meets the environmental protection requirement of the modern society. One of the feasible schemes is to separate the silt in the river channel, and the separated incoming silt is used for other purposes, but because various water quality components in the current urban river channel are complex, the viscosity of the dug silt in the river channel is high, the silt can be removed from the silt by repeatedly cleaning the silt after the silt is separated, the time and the water are wasted, and the continuous production of the silt separation is not facilitated.

In addition, in the present river sediment, the sands with various particle sizes exist in a mixed mode, the distribution span of the sand diameters is large, the existing equipment cannot process the sands with complex particle sizes, and the separation equipment is often damaged.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention is directed to a silt separating apparatus to solve at least one of the above problems.

A silt separation device comprises a first section of cylindrical screen, a second section of cylindrical screen and a ball mill which are sequentially connected, and is characterized in that river silt enters the first section of cylindrical screen, the first section of cylindrical screen is provided with a first cylindrical slag separating screen, coarse silt which does not pass through the first cylindrical slag separating screen enters the second section of cylindrical screen, and silt slurry which passes through the first cylindrical slag separating screen enters a cyclone; the second-section cylindrical screen is provided with a second cylindrical slag separating screen, coarse sand passes through the second cylindrical slag separating screen, large stones do not pass through the second cylindrical slag separating screen, the large stones enter the ball mill, are crushed and then are conveyed to the large-inclination-angle flange conveying adhesive tape, and are conveyed back to the first-section cylindrical screen through the large-inclination-angle flange conveying adhesive tape; the bottom flow of the cyclone is discharged as medium sand through a sand settling port, the overflow of the cyclone enters a horizontal screw centrifuge, the horizontal screw centrifuge discharges fine sand and dehydrates after concentration operation, at least part of dehydration is merged into silt slurry after purification treatment and then enters the cyclone again.

The cyclone comprises a barrel, a sand sinking port is arranged at the bottom of a conical area at the lower part of the barrel, an inlet tangentially connected with the barrel is arranged above the barrel, an overflow pipe is arranged at the center of the barrel, an overflow port is arranged at the upper end of the overflow pipe, and a scrubbing device is arranged in the overflow pipe and used for stirring, separating or layering and distributing argillaceous substances and fine sand.

The scrubbing device comprises a perforated cylinder positioned in the overflow pipe and a driving shaft arranged along the axial line of the perforated cylinder, the driving shaft is provided with at least one first blade, the inner wall of the perforated cylinder is provided with at least one second blade, when the perforated cylinder and the driving shaft rotate in opposite directions, the overflow is fully stirred, and muddy substances are stirred and separated from fine sand; when the perforated cylinder and the driving shaft rotate in the same direction, fine sand passes through the perforated cylinder and is enriched on the inner wall of the overflow pipe, and separated argillaceous substances and the fine sand are pre-arranged in the overflow pipe according to different mass densities and then enter a horizontal screw centrifuge.

The scrubbing device comprises a motor, the motor is respectively in driving connection with the perforated cylinder and the driving shaft through a speed reducer, and the speed reducer is fixed on the cylinder through an installation frame.

The reducer also comprises a power disc, the circumferential lower side surface of the power disc is provided with upper teeth, the lower side of the power disc is also provided with conical teeth which are annularly arranged, the lower side of the center of the power disc is fixedly connected with the driving shaft, and the upper side of the center of the power disc is fixedly connected with the output shaft of the motor; the transmission mechanism is characterized by further comprising a retainer and a center sleeve, wherein the center sleeve is sleeved outside the driving shaft, a plurality of retaining shafts are arranged between the retainer and the center sleeve, each retaining shaft is sleeved with a bevel gear, the bevel gear is matched with bevel teeth of the power disc and is matched with bevel teeth of the driving barrel at the same time, the outer peripheral surface of the retainer is connected with the inner peripheral surface of the sliding gear sleeve in a sliding fit mode through a tooth socket connecting pair, teeth are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the sliding gear sleeve, the sliding gear sleeve can slide up and down along the outer peripheral surface of the retainer under the driving of a shifting fork and is selected to be matched with upper teeth of the power disc or lower teeth of the mounting rack, the; when the sliding gear sleeve is meshed with the power disc, the sliding gear sleeve, the retaining shaft, the bevel gear, the driving shaft and the perforated cylinder are locked with each other to form a whole, and the perforated cylinder and the driving shaft rotate in the same direction and at the same angular speed under the action of the motor.

A silt separation method, it uses as aforementioned silt separation equipment, its characterized in that:

s1) river sediment sequentially passes through the first-section cylindrical screen and the second-section cylindrical screen, sediment slurry is separated from the first-section cylindrical screen, coarse sand is separated from the second-section cylindrical screen and stacked as a finished product, and large stones separated from the second-section cylindrical screen are ball-milled and then returned to the first-section cylindrical screen;

s2) dewatering the silt slurry after mixing and purifying, then feeding the silt slurry into a cyclone to obtain bottom flow sand as finished product to be stacked, concentrating the overflow to obtain fine sand as finished product to be stacked, and at least partially dewatering the silt slurry and treating the fine sand in a purifying tank to be mixed with the silt slurry.

S2), when the content of the sticky argillaceous substances in the fine sand exceeds the standard, reducing the flow of the silt slurry added into the inlet, enabling the perforated cylinder in the overflow pipe to rotate in the opposite direction of the driving shaft, and fully separating the argillaceous substances from the fine sand under the stirring action of the first blade and the second blade;

when the content of the sticky argillaceous substances in the fine sand is detected to be within an acceptable range, the flow of the silt slurry added into the inlet is improved, the perforated cylinder in the overflow pipe rotates in the same direction as the driving shaft, the fine sand and the argillaceous substances in the overflow pipe are preliminarily separated, and the separation efficiency of the horizontal decanter centrifuge is improved.

Compared with the prior art, the silt separation device has the following advantages:

1) the primary separation of sand materials with different diameters is realized by using the first section of cylinder screen and the second section of cylinder screen, and the silt slurry separated by the first section of cylinder screen is only put into the cyclone for separation, so that firstly, the blockage of the silt nozzle of the cyclone in use is prevented, secondly, the large-diameter sand is removed, the diameter distribution of the sand in the silt slurry is reduced, the inlet flow velocity of the cyclone is more easily adjusted, the subsequent separation operation is convenient, and the separation equipment is also protected.

2) Different from the existing cyclone, the cleaning equipment is additionally arranged in the overflow pipe of the cyclone, when the content of the adhesive argillaceous substances in the finished fine sand is detected to exceed the standard, the flow of the argillaceous slurry added into the inlet of the cyclone is reduced, the perforated cylinder in the overflow pipe and the driving shaft rotate in the opposite direction, and the argillaceous substances are fully separated from the fine sand; because the argillaceous material combines closely with the sand grain, consequently need more abundant stirring just can separate both, reduce the flow velocity simultaneously, make the material dwell time extension in the overflow pipe, the time of stirring also increases, and the separation effect is better.

If it is detected that the content of the sticky argillaceous substances in the fine sand is within an acceptable range, the viscosity of the argillaceous substances is not strong, the vortex of the cyclone can meet the scrubbing effect, the separation efficiency is improved at the moment, the flow rate of the silt slurry added into the inlet is improved, the perforated cylinder in the overflow pipe rotates along with the driving shaft, the fine sand and the argillaceous substances in the overflow pipe are preliminarily separated under the centrifugal effect, and the separation efficiency of the horizontal decanter centrifuge is improved.

Like this, adjust the operating condition of swirler through the actual effect of silt separation for in the separation operation, separation efficiency and separation quality can compromise, and to prior art, the better mud of handling is close to the close looks of gluing with sand and is difficult to the phenomenon of separation now.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate an embodiment of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of a silt separation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a cyclone according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Description of reference numerals:

1-first section of cylindrical screen, 2-second section of cylindrical screen, 3-ball mill, 4-cyclone, 5-horizontal screw centrifuge, A1-river sediment, A2-coarse mud, A3-large stone, A4-silt slurry, A5-coarse sand, B1-medium sand, B2-overflow, C1-fine sand, C2-dehydration, 401-cylinder, 402-sand settling port, 403-inlet, 404-overflow port, 405-mounting rack, 406-driving shaft, 407-first blade, 408-second blade, 409-supporting frame, 410-reducer, 411-power disc, 412-sliding gear sleeve, 413-holding frame, 414-tooth socket connecting pair, 415-holding shaft, 416-bevel gear, 417-driving cylinder, 418-perforated cylinder, 419-motor, 420-lower teeth, 421-upper teeth, 422-central sleeve.

Detailed Description

In order to make the technical means, objectives and functions of the present invention easy to understand, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the specific drawings.

It should be noted that all terms used in the present invention for directional and positional indication, such as: the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", "top", "lower", "lateral", "longitudinal", "center", and the like are used only for explaining the relative positional relationship, connection, and the like between the respective members in a certain state (as shown in the drawings), and are only for convenience of describing the present invention, but do not require that the present invention must be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. In addition, the descriptions related to "first", "second", etc. in the present invention are for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated.

In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; may be a mechanical connection; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.

In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an illustrative embodiment," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples" or the like mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

As shown in fig. 1-2, the invention discloses a silt separation device, which comprises a first cylindrical screen 1, a second cylindrical screen 2 and a ball mill 3 which are connected in sequence, and is characterized in that river silt A1 enters the first cylindrical screen 1, the first cylindrical screen 1 is provided with a first cylindrical slag-separating screen, coarse silt A2 which does not pass through the first cylindrical slag-separating screen enters the second cylindrical screen 2, and silt A4 which passes through the first cylindrical slag-separating screen enters a cyclone 4; the second-section cylindrical screen 2 is provided with a second cylindrical slag separating screen, coarse sand A5 passes through the second cylindrical slag separating screen, large stone A3 does not pass through the second cylindrical slag separating screen, the large stone A3 enters the ball mill 3, is crushed and then is conveyed to the large-inclination-angle flange conveying adhesive tape, and is conveyed back to the first-section cylindrical screen 1 through the large-inclination-angle flange conveying adhesive tape; the underflow of the cyclone 4 is discharged as medium sand B1 through a sand settling port, the overflow B2 of the cyclone 4 enters a horizontal screw centrifuge 5, the horizontal screw centrifuge 5 discharges fine sand C1 and dehydrated C2 after concentration operation, and at least part of the dehydrated C2 is purified and then is gathered into silt A4 to enter the cyclone 4 again.

The working part of the cylindrical screen is cylindrical, and the whole screen rotates around the axis of the cylinder, and the axis is normally provided with a small inclination angle. The material is fed from one end of the drum, fine material passes through the mesh of the drum work surface, and coarse material is discharged from the other end of the drum. The drum screen has low rotation speed, stable operation and good power balance.

The ball mill is the key equipment for crushing the materials after the materials are crushed. This type of mill is provided with a number of steel balls as grinding media in the barrel. The ball mill is composed of horizontal cylinder, hollow feeding and discharging shaft and grinding head, the cylinder is long cylinder, the grinding body is installed in the cylinder, the cylinder is made of steel plate, and is fixed with the cylinder by steel lining plate, the grinding body is generally steel ball, and is loaded into the cylinder according to different diameters and a certain proportion, the grinding body can also be steel section. The material is selected according to the granularity of the grinding material, the material is loaded into the barrel body from the hollow shaft at the feeding end of the ball mill, when the ball mill barrel body rotates, the grinding body is attached to the lining plate of the barrel body and taken away by the barrel body under the action of inertia and centrifugal force and friction force, when the grinding body is taken to a certain height, the grinding body is thrown off under the action of the gravity of the grinding body, and the falling grinding body breaks the material in the barrel body like a projectile body.

The basic principle of the cyclone is to separate two-phase or multi-phase mixtures with certain density difference, such as liquid-liquid, liquid-solid, liquid-gas, etc., under the action of centrifugal force. The mixed liquid tangentially enters into the cyclone under certain pressure to produce high speed rotating flow field inside the cylindrical cavity. The components with high density in the mixture simultaneously move downwards along the axial direction under the action of the cyclone field, move outwards along the radial direction, move downwards along the wall of the cone section when reaching the cone section, and are discharged from the bottom flow port, so that an outer vortex flow field is formed; the component with low density moves towards the central axis direction, and forms an inner vortex moving upwards in the axis center and then is discharged from the overflow port, thus achieving the aim of separating two phases.

In this embodiment, the cylindrical screen, the ball mill and the cyclone adopt the existing separation equipment, but after the arrangement as described above, the river sediment can be effectively separated. Because one section of drum sieve 1 and two sections of drum sieves 2 have been used for the preliminary separation of the sand material of different diameters, only throw into the swirler with silt particle A4 that one section of drum sieves 1 and separate in, firstly prevented that swirler in use sand deposition mouth from blockking up, secondly removed major diameter sand, reduced the diameter distribution of husky in the silt particle, the entry flow velocity of the more easy adjustment swirler makes things convenient for subsequent separation operation.

In the embodiment, the cyclone is used with the horizontal screw centrifuge, so that the classification operation of fine sand is improved, and in the cyclone, the vortex has a certain scrubbing effect, so that sticky mud attached to sand can be separated and suspended in water and is discharged with water in the horizontal screw centrifuge along with a dehydration process.

In one example, the product was isolated as fine sand C1 diameter <0.5cm, medium sand B1 diameter 0.5cm <2cm, and coarse sand A5 diameter 2cm <4 cm. Of course, the diameter of the product can be adjusted as desired by those skilled in the art.

The cyclone 4 comprises a cylinder 401, the bottom of the lower conical zone of the cylinder 401 is a sand settling port 402, an inlet 403 tangentially connected with the cylinder is arranged above the cylinder 401, an overflow pipe is arranged at the center of the cylinder, an overflow port 404 is arranged at the upper end of the overflow pipe, and a scrubbing device is arranged in the overflow pipe and used for stirring, separating or layering the muddy substances and the fine sand C1.

Specifically, the scrubbing device comprises a perforated cylinder 418 positioned in an overflow pipe and a driving shaft 406 arranged along the axis of the perforated cylinder 418, the driving shaft 406 is provided with at least one first blade 407, the inner wall of the perforated cylinder 418 is provided with at least one second blade 408, when the perforated cylinder 418 and the driving shaft 406 rotate in opposite directions, the overflow B2 is fully stirred, and muddy substances are stirred and separated from fine sand C1; when the perforated cylinder 418 and the driving shaft 406 rotate in the same direction, the fine sand C1 passes through the perforated cylinder 418 and is concentrated on the inner wall of the overflow pipe, and the separated muddy substances and the fine sand C1 are pre-arranged in the overflow pipe according to different mass densities and then enter the horizontal decanter centrifuge 5.

The scrubbing device comprises a motor 419, the motor 419 is respectively connected with the perforated cylinder 418 and the driving shaft 406 through a speed reducer 410, wherein the speed reducer 410 is fixed on the cylinder body 401 through a mounting rack 405.

The speed reducer further comprises a power disc 411, upper teeth 421 are arranged on the circumferential lower side surface of the power disc 411, conical teeth which are arranged in an annular mode are further arranged on the lower side of the power disc 411, the lower side of the center of the power disc 411 is fixedly connected with the driving shaft 406, and the upper side of the center of the power disc 411 is fixedly connected with an output shaft of a motor 419; the device also comprises a retainer 413 and a central sleeve 422, the central sleeve is sleeved outside the driving shaft 406, a plurality of retaining shafts 415 are arranged between the retainer 413 and the central sleeve 422, each retaining shaft 415 is sleeved with a bevel gear which is matched with the bevel gear of the power disc 411 and is matched with the bevel gear of the driving cylinder 417, the outer peripheral surface of the retainer 413 is connected with the inner peripheral surface of the sliding gear sleeve 412 in a sliding fit manner through a tooth groove connecting pair 414, the upper end and the lower end of the sliding gear sleeve 412 are provided with teeth, the sliding gear sleeve 412 can slide up and down under the driving of a shifting fork (not shown in the drawing of the shifting fork, which is in the prior art and can move back and forth at two positions under the action of an electromagnet or an air cylinder) and is selected to be matched with the upper teeth of the power disc 411 or the lower teeth 420 of the mounting frame 405, the lower teeth 420 are positioned on the circumference of the upper surface of the mounting frame 405, the support frame 409 is fixedly connected with the perforated cylinder 418; when the sliding gear sleeve 412 is meshed with the lower teeth 420, the retainer 413 is fixed by the sliding gear sleeve 412 through the toothed groove connecting pair 414, the driving shaft 406 rotates in a first direction, the rotation output by the power disc 411 drives the driving cylinder 417 and the perforated cylinder 418 to rotate in a second direction under the action of the bevel gear 416, when the sliding gear sleeve 412 is meshed with the power disc 411, the sliding gear sleeve 412, the retaining shaft 415, the bevel gear 416, the driving shaft 406 and the perforated cylinder 418 are locked with each other to form a whole, and the perforated cylinder 418 and the driving shaft 406 rotate in the same direction and at the same angular speed under the action of the motor 419.

The perforated cylinder 418 is a cylindrical structure, the support frame 409 is formed by radially connecting a plurality of rod-shaped objects between the driving cylinder 417 and the perforated cylinder 418 in a distributed manner, overflow can pass upwards between the rod-shaped objects, and overflowing sand particles can also pass through the holes of the perforated cylinder 418 under the centrifugal action and reach the inner wall of the overflow pipe to overflow upwards along the inner wall.

A silt separation method, it uses aforementioned silt separation equipment, its characterized in that:

s1) river sediment A1 passes through the first section of cylindrical screen 1 and the second section of cylindrical screen 2 in sequence, sediment slurry A4 is separated from the first section of cylindrical screen 1, coarse sand A5 is separated from the second section of cylindrical screen 2 and stacked as a finished product, and large stones A3 separated from the second section of cylindrical screen 2 are ball-milled and then returned to the first section of cylindrical screen 1;

s2) the silt A4 enters a cyclone after being mixed with the purified dehydrated C2 to obtain bottom flow sand B1 which is piled as a finished product, overflow B2 is concentrated to obtain fine sand C1 which is piled as a finished product, and at least part of dehydrated C2 is treated in a purifying tank and then is sent to the silt A4 to be merged with the silt A4.

S2), when the content of the sticky muddy substances in the fine sand C1 is detected to exceed the standard, the flow of the muddy sand A4 added into the inlet 403 is reduced, the perforated cylinder 418 in the overflow pipe and the driving shaft 406 rotate in opposite directions, and the muddy substances are fully separated from the fine sand C1 under the stirring action of the first blade 407 and the second blade 408; because the argillaceous material combines closely with the sand grain, consequently need more abundant stirring just can separate both, reduce the flow velocity of flow simultaneously, make the material dwell time extension in the overflow pipe, the time of stirring also increases.

When the content of the sticky muddy substances in the fine sand C1 is detected to be within an acceptable range, the viscosity of the muddy substances is low, the vortex can meet the scrubbing effect, the separation efficiency is improved, the flow rate of the muddy sand A4 added into the inlet 403 is improved, the perforated cylinder 418 in the overflow pipe rotates in the same direction with the driving shaft 406, the fine sand C1 in the overflow pipe is preliminarily separated from the muddy substances under the centrifugal action, and the separation efficiency of the horizontal decanter centrifuge 5 is improved.

Like this, adjust the operating condition of swirler through the actual effect of silt separation for in the separation operation, separation efficiency and separation quality can compromise.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims (5)

1. A silt separation device comprises a first section of cylindrical screen (1), a second section of cylindrical screen (2) and a ball mill (3) which are connected in sequence, and is characterized in that river silt (A1) enters the first section of cylindrical screen, the first section of cylindrical screen is provided with a first cylindrical slag separating screen, coarse silt (A2) which does not pass through the first cylindrical slag separating screen enters the second section of cylindrical screen (2), and silt slurry (A4) which passes through the first cylindrical slag separating screen enters a cyclone (4); the second-section cylindrical screen is provided with a second cylindrical slag separating screen, coarse sand (A5) passes through the second cylindrical slag separating screen, large stones (A3) do not pass through the second cylindrical slag separating screen, the large stones (A3) enter the ball mill (3), are crushed and then are conveyed to the large-inclination-angle flange conveying adhesive tape, and are conveyed back to the first-section cylindrical screen through the large-inclination-angle flange conveying adhesive tape; the underflow of the cyclone is discharged as medium sand (B1) through a sand settling port, the overflow (B2) of the cyclone enters a horizontal screw centrifuge (5), the horizontal screw centrifuge discharges fine sand (C1) and dehydration (C2) after concentration operation, and at least part of the dehydration (C2) is purified and then is merged into silt slurry (A4) to enter the cyclone (4) again; in the separated product, the diameter phi of the fine sand is less than 0.5cm, the diameter phi of the medium sand is 0.5cm and less than 2cm, and the diameter phi of the coarse sand is 2cm and less than 4 cm; the cyclone (4) comprises a barrel body (401), the bottom of a conical area at the lower part of the barrel body (401) is a sand sinking port (402), an inlet (403) tangentially connected with the barrel body is arranged above the barrel body (401), an overflow pipe is arranged at the center of the barrel body, an overflow port (404) is arranged at the upper end of the overflow pipe, and a scrubbing device is arranged in the overflow pipe and used for stirring, separating or layering and distributing muddy substances and fine sand; the scrubbing device comprises a perforated cylinder (418) positioned in the overflow pipe and a driving shaft (406) arranged along the axis of the perforated cylinder, the driving shaft (406) is provided with at least one first blade (407), the inner wall of the perforated cylinder (418) is provided with at least one second blade (408), when the perforated cylinder (418) and the driving shaft (406) rotate in opposite directions, the overflow (B2) is fully stirred, and muddy substances are stirred and separated from fine sand (C1); when the perforated cylinder (418) and the driving shaft (406) rotate in the same direction, the fine sand (C1) passes through the perforated cylinder (418) and is enriched on the inner wall of the overflow pipe, and the separated muddy substances and the fine sand (C1) are pre-arranged in the overflow pipe according to different mass densities in the overflow pipe and then enter a horizontal screw centrifuge (5).

2. A silt separation apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the scrubbing device comprises a motor (419), the motor (419) is in driving connection with the perforated cylinder (418) and the driving shaft (406) through a speed reducer (410), and the speed reducer (410) is fixed on the cylinder body (401) through a mounting frame (405).

3. A silt separation apparatus according to claim 2, wherein: the speed reducer also comprises a power disc (411), wherein the circumferential lower side surface of the power disc (411) is provided with upper teeth (421), the lower side of the power disc (411) is also provided with conical teeth which are annularly arranged, the lower center side of the power disc (411) is fixedly connected with a driving shaft (406), and the upper center side of the power disc (411) is fixedly connected with an output shaft of a motor (419); the device also comprises a retainer (413) and a central sleeve (422), the central sleeve is sleeved outside the driving shaft (406), a plurality of retaining shafts (415) are arranged between the retainer (413) and the central sleeve (422), each retaining shaft (415) is sleeved with a bevel gear, the bevel gears are matched with the bevel teeth of the power disc (411), meanwhile, the outer circumferential surface of the retainer (413) is in sliding fit connection with the inner circumferential surface of the sliding gear sleeve (412) through a tooth groove connecting pair (414), teeth are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the sliding gear sleeve (412), the sliding gear sleeve (412) can slide up and down along the outer circumferential surface of the retainer (413) under the driving of a shifting fork, one of the driving cylinder and the driving disc is matched with an upper tooth (421) of the power disc (411) or a lower tooth (420) of the mounting frame (405), the lower end of the driving cylinder (417) is connected with a supporting frame (409), and the supporting frame (409) is fixedly connected with the perforated cylinder (418); when the sliding gear sleeve (412) is meshed with the lower teeth (420), the retainer (413) is fixed by the sliding gear sleeve (412) through a tooth groove connecting pair (414), the driving shaft (406) rotates in a first direction, the rotation output by the power disc (411) drives the driving cylinder (417) and the perforated cylinder (418) to rotate in a second direction under the action of the bevel gear (416), when the sliding gear sleeve (412) is meshed with the power disc (411), the sliding gear sleeve (412), the retaining shaft (415), the bevel gear (416), the driving shaft (406) and the perforated cylinder (418) are locked with each other to form a whole, and the perforated cylinder (418) and the driving shaft (406) rotate in the same direction and at the same angular speed under the action of the motor (419).

4. A silt separation method using the silt separation apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that:

s1), enabling river sediment (A1) to sequentially pass through a first section of cylindrical screen (1) and a second section of cylindrical screen (2), separating silt slurry (A4) at the first section of cylindrical screen (1), separating coarse sand (A5) at the second section of cylindrical screen (2) to serve as finished product to be stacked, and returning large stones (A3) separated at the second section of cylindrical screen (2) to the first section of cylindrical screen after ball milling;

s2) the silt slurry (A4) enters a cyclone after being mixed with the purified dehydrated (C2) to obtain the sand (B1) in the underflow as finished product stack, the overflow (B2) is concentrated to obtain the fine sand (C1) as finished product stack, and at least part of the dehydrated (C2) is treated in a purifying tank and then is sent to the silt slurry (A4) to be merged with the silt slurry (A4).

5. A silt separation method according to claim 4, wherein: s2), when the content of the sticky argillaceous substances in the fine sand (C1) is detected to exceed the standard, the flow rate of the argillaceous slurry (A4) added into the inlet (403) is reduced, the perforated cylinder (418) in the overflow pipe and the driving shaft (406) rotate in opposite directions, and the argillaceous substances are fully separated from the fine sand (C1) under the stirring action of the first blade (407) and the second blade (408);

when the content of the sticky muddy substances in the fine sand (C1) is detected to be within an acceptable range, the flow rate of the muddy sand (A4) added into the inlet (403) is increased, the perforated cylinder (418) in the overflow pipe rotates in the same direction as the driving shaft (406), the fine sand (C1) in the overflow pipe is preliminarily separated from the muddy substances, and the separation efficiency of the horizontal screw centrifuge (5) is improved.

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