CN110387121A - Composite material, elastic element and isolation mounting and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Composite material, elastic element and isolation mounting and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN110387121A CN110387121A CN201810360576.7A CN201810360576A CN110387121A CN 110387121 A CN110387121 A CN 110387121A CN 201810360576 A CN201810360576 A CN 201810360576A CN 110387121 A CN110387121 A CN 110387121A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/08—Processes
- C08G18/10—Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
- C08G18/4266—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain prepared from hydroxycarboxylic acids and/or lactones
- C08G18/4269—Lactones
- C08G18/4277—Caprolactone and/or substituted caprolactone
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/48—Polyethers
- C08G18/4854—Polyethers containing oxyalkylene groups having four carbon atoms in the alkylene group
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
- C08K3/24—Acids; Salts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
- C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
- C08K7/04—Fibres or whiskers inorganic
- C08K7/06—Elements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F1/00—Springs
- F16F1/36—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
- F16F1/3605—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers characterised by their material
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
- F16F1/00—Springs
- F16F1/36—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers
- F16F1/373—Springs made of rubber or other material having high internal friction, e.g. thermoplastic elastomers characterised by having a particular shape
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G2350/00—Acoustic or vibration damping material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/001—Conductive additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/002—Physical properties
- C08K2201/004—Additives being defined by their length
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/016—Additives defined by their aspect ratio
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of composite material, elastic element and isolation mountings and preparation method thereof, the composite material includes polyurethane base material, the carbon fiber as conductive filler and the piezoelectric ceramics as piezoelectric filler, polyurethane base material is generated by isocyanate prepolymer and auxiliary agent reaction, and the content of the isocyanate group in isocyanate prepolymer is 2~10%；Carbon fiber is nanoscale；Carbon fiber and piezoelectric ceramics are coated in polyurethane base material.Composite material provided by the invention acts not only as structural material or is used together with structural material, and has preferable vibration isolation, damping property, can be realized the transformation of mechanical energy, electric energy and thermal energy three.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to vibration dampings, noise reduction technology field, and relate more specifically to a kind of composite material, a kind of compound using this
Elastic element, the isolation mounting including the elastic element of material preparation, and the method for being used to prepare the isolation mounting.
Background technique
The traditional isolation mounting manufactured and designed both at home and abroad at present is to pass through black-reinforced, vulcanization using rubber as main material
Molding.When vibration is transmitted to isolation mounting, using the oscillation hysteresis of rubber inner part subchain, generates relative displacement and rub
It wipes, converts thermal dissipation for the mechanical energy of vibration.
As the requirement of equipment vibration isolating effect is increasingly stringent, needs to further decrease vibration equipment, transfer energy to mesh
Mark region.But since the quality of the superiority and inferiority of the damping capacity of rubber vibration isolation device and vibration isolating effect is in phase in a certain range
Anti- relationship.For example, damping increases, the intrinsic frequency of isolation mounting increases therewith, and vibration isolating effect can then decline.Therefore, vibration isolation
For device using the damping characteristic of material, improving vibration isolating effect is the hot spot studied recently.
In recent years, the damping material of such as polyurethane is attracted wide attention and is applied as vibration and noise reducing material.Such as
Polyurethane damping material is usually the damping capacity for using inorganic filler as additive and improving material.But due to existing
There is the non-uniform problem of dispersion therefore will affect electric energy and be converted into thermal energy in polyurethane base material for inorganic filler in formula
Efficiency, so that the vibration isolating effect of isolation mounting is bad.
Therefore, it is necessary to a kind of composite material, using the composite material preparation elastic element, including the elastic element every
Vibrating device, and the method for being used to prepare the isolation mounting, at least to be partially solved problems of the prior art.
Summary of the invention
A series of concept of reduced forms is introduced in Summary, this will in the detailed description section into
One step is described in detail.Summary of the invention is not meant to attempt to limit technical solution claimed
Key feature and essential features do not mean that the protection scope for attempting to determine technical solution claimed more.
In order at least be partially solved the above problem, according to an aspect of the invention, there is provided a kind of composite material, it should
Composite material includes:
Polyurethane base material, the polyurethane base material are generated by isocyanate prepolymer and auxiliary agent reaction, the isocyanates
The content of isocyanate group in prepolymer is 2~10%；
As the carbon fiber of conductive filler, the carbon fiber is nanoscale；And
As the piezoelectric ceramics of piezoelectric filler,
Wherein, the carbon fiber and the piezoelectric ceramics are coated in the polyurethane base material.
According to this programme, polyurethane is as substrate, so that composite material is formed as polyurethane damping material.Carbon fiber conduct
Conductive material, piezoelectric ceramics is as piezoelectric material, so that composite material is formed as piezo-electric damping material.
Composite material provided by the invention acts not only as structural material or is used together with structural material, and has
Preferable vibration isolation, damping property, can be realized the transformation of mechanical energy, electric energy and thermal energy three.
Preferably, the mass fraction of the isocyanate prepolymer, the carbon fiber, the piezoelectric ceramics and the auxiliary agent
Than for (30~100): (0.1~10): (20~50): (5~40).
Preferably, the diameter of the carbon fiber is 50~200nm, and draw ratio is 50~100.
Preferably, the polyurethane base material is casting type, and/or
Prepare the isocyanate prepolymer raw material be at least one of polyester polyol or polyether polyol,
And polyisocyanates.
Preferably, the auxiliary agent is chain extender, and/or
The auxiliary agent is 3,3 '-two chloro- 4,4 '-diaminodiphenyl-methanes, trimethylolpropane, 1,4- butanediol and right
At least one of benzenediol dihydroxyethyl ether.
According to another aspect of the present invention, a kind of elastic element is provided, the elastic element is by adopting the above technical scheme
In either composite material described in face be made.
Elastic element can have preferable vibration isolation, damping property as a result, can be realized mechanical energy, electric energy and thermal energy three
The transformation of person.
In accordance with a further aspect of the present invention, a kind of isolation mounting is provided, the isolation mounting includes above-mentioned technical proposal
In the elastic element.
Isolation mounting can convert thermal energy for vibration mechanical energy as a result, to improve vibration isolating effect.
Preferably, the isolation mounting is used for ship, aircraft or land mechanical equipment.
In accordance with a further aspect of the present invention, provide it is a kind of by adopting the above technical scheme in either it is compound described in face
The method that material prepares isolation mounting, this method comprises the following steps:
Step is added in solid packing: the carbon fiber and the piezoelectric ceramics are added to the isocyanate prepolymer
In, it is uniformly mixed；
Reaction step: the auxiliary agent is added in the isocyanate prepolymer, is uniformly mixed, in mixed process
In, the auxiliary agent is reacted with the isocyanate prepolymer to form the composite material；
Molding step: the composite material is poured into mold, elastic element is obtained after demoulding；
Polarisation steps: elastic element described in polarization process；And
Assembling steps: the elastic element is subjected to group and is filled with to form the isolation mounting.
According to this programme, isocyanate prepolymer can react generation polyurethane base material with auxiliary agent.Polyurethane base material is formed
It is directly molded later, form the elastic element with predetermined shape.Carbon fiber and piezoelectric ceramics, can as solid packing
Improve the piezoelectric effect and vibration isolating effect of elastic element.The isolation mounting being assembled into has preferable vibration isolating effect, can will shake
Dynamic mechanical energy is converted into thermal energy.
Preferably, it is added in step in the solid packing, the isocyanate prepolymer is first heated to predetermined temperature,
Add the carbon fiber and the piezoelectric ceramics.
Preferably, it in the molding step, is demoulded again after curing 20~30min.
Preferably, this method further includes the prepolymer preparation step before step is added in the solid packing, described
In prepolymer preparation step, polyalcohol is reacted with polyisocyanates, obtains the isocyanate prepolymer.
Preferably, in the polarisation steps, the elastic element is put into oil bath and is polarized, polarizing voltage be 4~
8kv/mm, poling temperature are 60~80 DEG C
Detailed description of the invention
Following drawings of the invention is incorporated herein as part of the present invention for the purpose of understanding the present invention.Shown in the drawings of this hair
Bright embodiment and its description, device used to explain the present invention and principle.In the accompanying drawings,
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the elastic element of embodiment 1；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of the vibration isolator of embodiment 1；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of the vibration isolator of embodiment 2；
Fig. 4 is the flow diagram of the preparation method of the preferred embodiment for the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of experimental apparatus for testing；And
Fig. 6 is the structural schematic diagram of measuring system.
Specific embodiment
In the following description, a large amount of concrete details are given so as to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention.So
And it is obvious to the skilled person that the present invention may not need one or more of these details and be able to
Implement.In other examples, in order to avoid confusion with the present invention, for some technical characteristics well known in the art not into
Row description.
In order to thoroughly understand the present invention, detailed structure will be proposed in following description, to illustrate the present invention.It is aobvious
So, execution of the invention is not limited to the specific details that the those skilled in the art are familiar with.Preferable reality of the invention
Example is applied to be described in detail as follows, however other than these detailed descriptions, the present invention can also have other embodiments, should not solve
It is interpreted as being confined to embodiments presented herein.
It should be understood that the purpose of term as used herein is only that description specific embodiment and not as the present invention
Limitation, " one " of singular, "one" and " described/should " be also intended to include plural form, unless the context clearly indicates
Other mode.When the term " comprising " and/or " including " is used in this specification, indicate there are the feature, entirety,
Step, operation, element and/or component, but do not preclude the presence or addition of other one or more features, entirety, step, operation,
Element, component and/or their combination.Term " on " used in the present invention, "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right" with
And similar statement is for illustrative purposes only, not limits.
The cited such as ordinal number of " first " and " second " is only to identify in the present invention, without any other
Meaning, such as specific sequence etc..Moreover, for example, term " first component " itself does not imply that the presence of " second component ", art
Language " second component " does not imply that the presence of " first component " in itself.
Hereinafter, specific embodiments of the present invention are described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, those figures show this
The representative embodiment of invention is not to limit the present invention.
The present invention provides a kind of composite materials.The composite material includes polyurethane base material, carbon fiber and piezoelectric ceramics.Its
In, carbon fiber and piezoelectric ceramics are coated in polyurethane base material.
Polyurethane base material can be generated by isocyanate prepolymer and auxiliary agent reaction, and coat carbon fiber, piezoelectric ceramics
Solid packing.Polyurethane is as substrate, so that composite material is formed as polyurethane damping material.Carbon fiber is filled out as conduction
Material, piezoelectric ceramics is as piezoelectric filler, so that composite material is formed as piezo-electric damping material.
The content of isocyanate group in isocyanate prepolymer is 2~10%, so that composite material has preferable
Dynamic mechanical, dynamic stiffness, intrinsic frequency etc..Optionally, isocyanate group in isocyanate prepolymer contains
Amount preferably 2~7%.
Carbon fiber has the characteristics that high tensile, high stretch modulus, low-density, high conductance and thermal conductivity, compatibility are good.And
And carbon fiber can be evenly spread in polyurethane base material, play the role of adjusting conductivity and reinforcement to composite material.The present invention
Carbon fiber be nanoscale, i.e. carbon nano-fiber.Can carbon fiber be spreaded more evenly across in polyurethane base material in this way, mention
High conversion ratio of the electric energy to thermal energy.
Composite material provided by the invention acts not only as structural material or is used together with structural material, and has
Preferable vibration isolation, damping property, can be realized the transformation of mechanical energy, electric energy and thermal energy three.
When composite material is by external alternate stress, a part of dissipation approach of energy are as follows: on the one hand can be by poly-
Friction between urethane strand or inside chain converts thermal energy for vibrational energy and dissipates.On the other hand it can be filled out by solid
Friction between material (carbon fiber and piezoelectric ceramics) and polyurethane molecular chain converts thermal energy for vibrational energy and dissipates.Another side
Face can convert thermal energy for vibrational energy by the friction between the solid packing and dissipate.
When composite material is by external alternate stress, another part dissipation approach of energy are as follows: utilize piezoelectric ceramics
Vibration and impact are converted electric energy by piezoelectric effect.Thermal energy is converted for the electric energy of conversion by carbon fiber again.
Further, the mass parts ratio of isocyanate prepolymer, carbon fiber, piezoelectric ceramics and auxiliary agent is (30~100):
(0.1~10): (20~50): (5~40).As a result, by the ratio of control carbon fiber and piezoelectric ceramics and polyurethane base material, make
Preferable dispersibility can be had in quick-setting casting type polyurethane substrate by obtaining solid packing.Dispersed better, piezoelectricity
Effect is better, and the conversion ratio of electric energy to thermal energy is better.
Preferably, the additive amount of carbon fiber enables to the electric conductivity of composite material to reach percolation threshold, and such electric energy can
To be maximumlly converted into thermal energy.The diameter of carbon fiber is 50~200nm, and draw ratio is 50~100.
Polyurethane base material is casting type, i.e., composite material is casting type polyurethane composite material.The drawing of casting type polyurethane
It stretches, tear-proof, the performances such as wear-resisting are superior to the materials such as natural rubber, thermoplastic polyurethane.And the molding of casting type polyurethane
Method is liquid castable, room temperature or heating cure, and controllability is strong.It needs to be kneaded with traditional natural rubber product and vulcanizing press adds
Work is compared, and casting type polyurethane can be evenly dispersed to particle progress under the premise of not destroying piezoelectric ceramic particle integrality,
Obtain optimal using effect.
The raw material of isocyanate prepolymer is prepared as at least one of polyester polyol or polyether polyol, and
Polyisocyanates.
Above-mentioned auxiliary agent can be chain extender.For example, above-mentioned auxiliary agent can be 3,3 '-two chloro- 4,4 '-diamino-diphenyl first
At least one of alkane, trimethylolpropane, 1,4- butanediol and hydroquinone two hydroxy ethyl ether chain extender.If necessary to and/
Or expectation, auxiliary agent can also include other triols, four alcohols and allyl ether glycols, binary amine chain extender.
Composite material provided by the invention can be used in preparing elastic element.Composite material can using molding etc. at
Type mode is formed to have the elastic element of required shape, good forming effect.
When polyurethane base material is casting type, since casting type polyurethane substrate is compared with traditional rubber substrate, have
Lower intrinsic frequency, better dynamic property and higher bearing capacity.Therefore, the bullet by casting type polyurethane as substrate
Property element can have the dynamic mechanicals such as preferable dynamic stiffness, intrinsic frequency.
The elastic element can be assembled into isolation mounting, such as vibration isolator, limit with other metal parts or non-metallic component
Position device, vibration isolator etc..Isolation mounting can be used in the equipment such as ship, aircraft or land mechanical equipment, with isolation vibration and punching
It hits.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of isolation mounting, which is made of above-mentioned composite material.
As shown in figure 4, the preparation method includes the following steps:
Step S2 is added in solid packing: carbon fiber and piezoelectric ceramics being added into isocyanate prepolymer, are uniformly mixed.
Reaction step S3: auxiliary agent is added in isocyanate prepolymer, is uniformly mixed, during mixing, auxiliary agent
It is reacted with isocyanate prepolymer to form composite material.
Molding step S4: composite material is poured into mold, and elastic element is obtained after demoulding.
Polarisation steps S5: polarization process elastic element.
Assembling steps S6: elastic element is subjected to group and is filled with to form isolation mounting.
Using above-mentioned steps, isocyanate prepolymer can react generation polyurethane base material with auxiliary agent.Polyurethane base material shape
At directly molded later, elastic element of the formation with predetermined shape.
Carbon fiber and piezoelectric ceramics can be improved the piezoelectric effect and vibration isolating effect of elastic element as solid packing.But
It will not influence isocyanate prepolymer and generate reacting for polyurethane base material with auxiliary agent.The isolation mounting being assembled into can be by bobbing machine
Tool can be converted into thermal energy, to improve vibration isolating effect.
Further, in above-mentioned steps, the mass parts ratio of isocyanate prepolymer, carbon fiber, piezoelectric ceramics and auxiliary agent
For (30~100): (0.1~10): (20~50): (5~40).
In order to enable carbon fiber and piezoelectric ceramics are uniformly dispersed in isocyanate prepolymer, step is added in solid packing
In S2, isocyanate prepolymer first can be heated to the first predetermined temperature.First predetermined temperature can be 75~85 DEG C, example
Such as 80 DEG C.Isocyanate prepolymer is in liquid at this time, then carbon fiber and piezoelectric ceramics are added while stirring.
Preferably, piezoelectric ceramics is powdered or graininess.Piezoelectric ceramics is barium titanate piezoelectric ceramics and lead zirconate titanate pressure
At least one of electroceramics.In addition, auxiliary agent needs to be added under rapid stirring in reaction step S3.When stirring
Between be about 1~2min.Polymerization reaction can occur for auxiliary agent and isocyanate prepolymer, formed and coat carbon fiber with polyurethane base material
The composite material of peacekeeping piezoelectric ceramics.
In molding step S4, before composite material is poured into mold, mold can be preheated.Work as composite material
It is demoulded again after curing 20~30min in a mold.It is stood after demoulding and obtains elastic element.It specifically, can be second after demoulding
The first scheduled duration is stood under predetermined temperature and obtains elastic element.Second predetermined temperature can be equal with the first predetermined temperature.
Such as second predetermined temperature can be 75~85 DEG C, such as 80 DEG C.First scheduled duration can be such as 8~16h.
In polarisation steps S5, elastic element is put into oil bath and is polarized, polarizing voltage is 4~8kv/mm, poling temperature
It is 60~80 DEG C.Before carrying out polarisation steps S5, needs above-mentioned elastic element standing second at room temperature and make a reservation for
Duration.Second scheduled duration may be about 20~25h, such as 24 hours.
Further, this method further includes the prepolymer preparation step S1 before step S2 is added in solid packing.Pre-
In polymers preparation step S1, polyalcohol is reacted with polyisocyanates, obtains isocyanate prepolymer.
Specifically, the polyalcohol after heating in vacuum removes water can be added into polyisocyanates, in the predetermined temperature of third
Degree insulation reaction third scheduled duration simultaneously obtains isocyanate prepolymer after vacuum defoamation.Third predetermined temperature can be with first
Predetermined temperature is equal.Such as third predetermined temperature can be 75~85 DEG C, such as 80 DEG C.Third scheduled duration can be 2~3h.
Obtained isocyanate prepolymer needs are sealed stand-by.
It should be noted that polyalcohol needs of the invention are reacted with excessive polyisocyanates, the isocyanates of generation
Prepolymer is ending isocyanate prepolymer.Further, the content of the isocyanate group in isocyanate prepolymer can be preferred
It is 2~10%.
Below in conjunction with the preparation method for the isolation mounting that embodiment 1 and 2 the present invention is described in detail of embodiment provide.
Embodiment 1
The preparation of YDPU-YZ-1 type vibration isolator
Firstly, being added 1000g polycaprolactone polyol (PCL220, hydroxyl value 56mg KOH/g) to 321.4g diphenylmethyl
In alkane diisocyanate, in 80 DEG C of insulation reaction 3h.After vacuum defoamation, isocyanate prepolymer is obtained, is sealed stand-by.
Then, the isocyanate prepolymer of 500g is weighed, is heated to 80 DEG C while stirring.The carbon fiber of 25g is (straight
Diameter 100nm, draw ratio 70) and the barium titanate piezoelectric ceramics powder of 150g be added into isocyanate prepolymer, stir 30min.
Then, the hydroquinone two hydroxy ethyl ether of 70.15g is weighed, is added under rapid stirring to isocyanates
In prepolymer, it is uniformly mixed.During mixing, it is multiple that hydroquinone two hydroxy ethyl ether reacts generation with isocyanate prepolymer
Condensation material.
Then, composite material is poured into the mold of preheating.In 120 DEG C of curing 30min, stood after demoulding in 80 DEG C
16h obtains elastic element 100 as shown in Figure 1.
Then, it after elastic element 100 being stood for 24 hours at room temperature, is put into 70 DEG C of silicone oil, 4-8kv/mm direct current polarization
30min。
Finally, by being dried after the ethanol washing of elastic element 100 after the completion of polarization.Then adhesive is coated to elasticity
Element 100, and bonded with the metallic framework of vibration isolator 210, it is assembled with metal parts 220.Such as Fig. 2 is made after adhesive solidification
Shown in vibration isolator 200.The vibration isolator 200 is pyramid type vibration isolator.
Embodiment 2
The preparation of YDPU-PB-1 type vibration isolator
Firstly, being added 800g polytetrahydrofuran diol (PTMG2000, hydroxyl value 56mg KOH/g) to 169.92g toluene two
In isocyanates (T-100), in 80 DEG C of insulation reaction 3h.After vacuum defoamation, obtain isocyanate prepolymer, be sealed to
With.
Then, the isocyanate prepolymer of 480g is weighed, is heated to 80 DEG C while stirring.By the carbon fiber of 19.2g
The barium titanate piezoelectric ceramics powder of (diameter 100nm, draw ratio 70) and 152g are added into isocyanate prepolymer, stirring
30min。
Then, the 3 of 111.03g are weighed, 3 '-two chloro- 4,4 '-diaminodiphenyl-methanes and 9.3g trimethylolpropane,
It is added into isocyanate prepolymer, is uniformly mixed under rapid stirring.During mixing, 3,3 '-two chloro- 4,
4 '-diaminodiphenyl-methanes and trimethylolpropane are reacted with isocyanate prepolymer generates composite material.
Then, composite material is poured into the mold of preheating.It is quiet in 80 DEG C after demoulding in 120 DEG C of curing 20~30min
16h is set, elastic element 300 is obtained.
Then, it after elastic element 300 being stood for 24 hours at room temperature, is put into 70 DEG C of silicone oil, 4-8kv/mm direct current polarization
30min。
Finally, by being dried after the ethanol washing of elastic element 300 after the completion of polarization.Then adhesive is coated to elasticity
Element 300, and bonded with the upper metal decking 410 of vibration isolator and lower metal decking 420, such as Fig. 3 is made after adhesive solidification
Shown in vibration isolator 400.The vibration isolator 400 is plate vibration isolator.
It should be noted that in above-described embodiment 1 and embodiment 2, isocyanate group in isocyanate prepolymer contains
Amount can be the calculated value measured by reaction raw materials, be also possible to using tests such as chemistry titration, instrument analyses
The assay value that method obtains.Above-mentioned calculated value is consistent substantially with assay value.If deviation is too big, it will influence the property of composite material
Energy.
Comparative examples A
It is not added with the preparation of the first control vibration isolator of solid packing
The preparation method of this comparative examples A is roughly the same with the preparation method of embodiment 1, for brevity, identical
Part repeats no more.Unlike, it does not include that step is added in solid packing in the preparation method of comparative examples A.
Specifically, isocyanate prepolymer polycaprolactone polyol reacted with methyl diphenylene diisocyanate
Chain extending reaction directly is carried out with hydroquinone two hydroxy ethyl ether, generates polyurethane material.Do not include in the polyurethane material of generation
Carbon fiber and barium titanate.Be formed as being not added with by assembling steps using the elastic element of polyurethane material preparation as a result,
First control vibration isolator of carbon fiber and barium titanate piezoelectric ceramics.
It should be noted that the structure of the first control vibration isolator is identical as the structure of vibration isolator 200 in embodiment 1.
Comparative examples B
It is not added with the preparation of the second control vibration isolator of solid packing
The preparation method of this comparative examples B is roughly the same with the preparation method of embodiment 2, for brevity, identical
Part repeats no more.Unlike, it does not include that step is added in solid packing in the preparation method of comparative examples B.
Specifically, isocyanate prepolymer polytetrahydrofuran diol reacted with toluene di-isocyanate(TDI) directly with
3,3 '-two chloro- 4,4 '-diaminodiphenyl-methanes and trimethylolpropane carry out chain extending reaction, generate polyurethane material.It generates
Polyurethane material in do not include carbon fiber and barium titanate piezoelectric ceramics.As a result, using the elasticity member of polyurethane material preparation
Part is formed as the second control vibration isolator for being not added with carbon fiber and barium titanate piezoelectric ceramics by assembling steps.
It should be noted that the structure of the second control vibration isolator is identical as the structure of vibration isolator 400 in embodiment 2.
Applicant in the YDPU-YZ-1 type vibration isolator and comparative examples A in embodiment 1 first control vibration isolator into
The test control experiment of experimental stand vibration performance is gone.To the YDPU-PB-1 type vibration isolator and comparative examples in embodiment 2
The second control vibration isolator in B has carried out the test control experiment of experimental stand vibration performance.
Specifically, diesel generating set installs YDPU-YZ-1 type vibration isolator and the first control vibration isolator respectively, compares its vibration
Dynamic earthquake intensity and vibration isolating effect.Experimental apparatus for testing is as shown in figure 5, diesel engine 10 and generator 20 are rigidly attached at public base 30
On, pass through 200 elastic connection of YDPU-YZ-1 type vibration isolator between public base 30 and installation pedestal 40.It should be noted that figure
The mounting means of vibration isolator is only schematically illustrated in 5.It similarly, can be with when testing the first control vibration isolator
First control vibration isolator is installed between public base 30 and installation pedestal 40.
Diesel generating set installs YDPU-PB-1 type vibration isolator and the second control vibration isolator respectively, compares its vibration severity
And vibration isolating effect.Diesel engine 10 and generator 20 are rigidly attached on public base 30, public base 30 and installation pedestal 40 it
Between pass through 400 elastic connection of YDPU-PB-1 type vibration isolator.It, can be by second pair when testing the second control vibration isolator
It installs according to vibration isolator between public base 30 and installation pedestal 40.
Test experiments standards referring to GB/T 12779-1991 " measurement of reciprocator complete machine oscillation and ranking method " and
GB/T 16301-2008 " measurement and evaluation of watercraft engine room subsidiary engine vibration severity ".
Measuring instrument are as follows: three-dimensional acceleration transducer, acceleration transducer, charge amplifier and vibration noise analysis system
System.The measuring system of use is as shown in Figure 6.Wherein, vibrating sensor includes three-dimensional acceleration transducer and acceleration transducer.
Vibration signal acquisition system and divided oscillation signal analysis system can be made of vibration noise analysis system.
Vibration isolating effect test:
6 vertical measuring points are respectively arranged on the larger position of rigidity of public base 30 and installation pedestal 40, amount to 12 surveys
Point.Specifically, measuring point is respectively arranged in the under-chassis of diesel engine 10 and the junction of vibration isolator and installation pedestal 40.
Vibration severity test:
Under-chassis, body in 10 left and right sides of diesel engine respectively arrange 2 measuring points, each cloth in top of 20 left and right sides of generator
2 measuring points are set, respectively arrange that 1 measuring point, diesel engine cooling device (not shown), diesel engine increase at the under-chassis of 20 left and right sides of generator
The tail end of depressor (not shown) and generator 20 respectively arranges 1 measuring point, amounts to 17 measuring points.Test uses three-dimensional acceleration sensing
Device, each measuring point point hang down, cross, indulge three directions (X-direction is that laterally, Y-direction is longitudinal direction, and Z-direction is vertical).
The result for the test experiments that YDPU-YZ-1 type vibration isolator compares vibration isolator with first is compareed referring to table 1.YDPU-PB-
The result for the test experiments that 1 type vibration isolator compares vibration isolator with second is compareed referring to table 2.
Table 1
Table 2
Test result shows under identical working condition, the YDPU-YZ-1 type vibration isolator prepared in the embodiment of the present invention 1,
The vibration isolating effect of the YDPU-PB-1 type vibration isolator prepared in embodiment 2, than be not added with solid packing first control vibration isolator and
The vibration isolating effect of second control vibration isolator can be improved 1.49~3.79dB.
Under identical working condition, the YDPU-YZ-1 type vibration isolator prepared in the embodiment of the present invention 1 is made in embodiment 2
The vibration severity of standby YDPU-PB-1 type vibration isolator, than be not added with solid packing first control vibration isolator and second control every
The vibration severity of vibration device can reduce 0.15~0.62mm/s.
Therefore, vibration isolator provided by the invention has outstanding vibration isolating effect and energy dissipation capability.
Unless otherwise defined, technical and scientific term used herein and those skilled in the art of the invention
Normally understood meaning is identical.Term used herein is intended merely to describe specifically to implement purpose, it is not intended that limitation is originally
Invention.The terms such as herein presented " portion ", " part " can both indicate single part, can also indicate multiple parts
Combination.The terms such as herein presented " installation ", " setting " can both indicate that a component was attached directly to another portion
Part can also indicate that a component is attached to another component by middleware.It describes in one embodiment herein
Feature can be applied in combination another embodiment individually or with other features, unless this feature is in another implementation
It is not suitable for or is otherwise noted in mode.
The present invention has been explained by the above embodiments, but it is to be understood that, above-described embodiment is only intended to
The purpose of citing and explanation, is not intended to limit the invention to the scope of the described embodiments.Furthermore those skilled in the art
It is understood that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, introduction according to the present invention can also be made more kinds of member
Variants and modifications, all fall within the scope of the claimed invention for these variants and modifications.Protection scope of the present invention by
The appended claims and its equivalent scope are defined.
Claims (13)
1. a kind of composite material characterized by comprising
Polyurethane base material, the polyurethane base material are generated by isocyanate prepolymer and auxiliary agent reaction, the Isocyanate prepolymers
The content of isocyanate group in object is 2~10%；
As the carbon fiber of conductive filler, the carbon fiber is nanoscale；And
As the piezoelectric ceramics of piezoelectric filler,
Wherein, the carbon fiber and the piezoelectric ceramics are coated in the polyurethane base material.
2. composite material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the isocyanate prepolymer, the carbon fiber, institute
The mass parts ratio for stating piezoelectric ceramics and the auxiliary agent is (30~100): (0.1~10): (20~50): (5~40).
3. composite material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the diameter of the carbon fiber is 50~200nm, major diameter
Than being 50~100.
4. composite material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the polyurethane base material is casting type, and/or
The raw material of the isocyanate prepolymer is prepared as at least one of polyester polyol or polyether polyol, and
Polyisocyanates.
5. composite material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the auxiliary agent is chain extender, and/or
The auxiliary agent is 3,3 '-two chloro- 4,4 '-diaminodiphenyl-methanes, trimethylolpropane, 1,4- butanediol and to benzene two
At least one of phenol dihydroxyethyl ether.
6. a kind of elastic element, which is characterized in that the elastic element is using according to any one of claims 1 to 5
Composite material is made.
7. a kind of isolation mounting, which is characterized in that the isolation mounting includes such as the elastic element in claim 6.
8. isolation mounting according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the isolation mounting is used for ship, aircraft or land
Mechanical equipment.
9. a kind of method for preparing isolation mounting using composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 5, feature
It is, includes the following steps:
Step is added in solid packing: the carbon fiber and the piezoelectric ceramics being added into the isocyanate prepolymer, mixed
It closes uniform；
Reaction step: the auxiliary agent is added in the isocyanate prepolymer, is uniformly mixed, during mixing, institute
Auxiliary agent is stated to be reacted with the isocyanate prepolymer to form the composite material；
Molding step: the composite material is poured into mold, elastic element is obtained after demoulding；
Polarisation steps: elastic element described in polarization process；And
Assembling steps: the elastic element is subjected to group and is filled with to form the isolation mounting.
10. according to the method described in claim 9, it is characterized in that, the solid packing be added step in, first will be described different
Cyanate prepolymer is heated to predetermined temperature, adds the carbon fiber and the piezoelectric ceramics.
11. according to the method described in claim 9, it is characterized in that, in the molding step, cure after 20~30min again
Demoulding.
12. according to the method described in claim 9, it is characterized in that, further including before step is added in the solid packing
Polyalcohol is reacted with polyisocyanates in the prepolymer preparation step, obtains the isocyanic acid by prepolymer preparation step
Ester prepolymer.
13. according to the method described in claim 9, it is characterized in that, the elastic element is put into the polarisation steps
It polarizes in oil bath, polarizing voltage is 4~8kv/mm, and poling temperature is 60~80 DEG C.
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