CN118156542A - Phase-change direct-cooling fuel cell thermal management system and operation method - Google Patents
Phase-change direct-cooling fuel cell thermal management system and operation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN118156542A CN118156542A CN202410564320.3A CN202410564320A CN118156542A CN 118156542 A CN118156542 A CN 118156542A CN 202410564320 A CN202410564320 A CN 202410564320A CN 118156542 A CN118156542 A CN 118156542A
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 abstract description 21
- 238000004781 supercooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 2
- MSSNHSVIGIHOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)CC(F)(F)F MSSNHSVIGIHOJA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011555 saturated liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013526 supercooled liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04059—Evaporative processes for the cooling of a fuel cell
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04037—Electrical heating
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04067—Heat exchange or temperature measuring elements, thermal insulation, e.g. heat pipes, heat pumps, fins
- H01M8/04074—Heat exchange unit structures specially adapted for fuel cell
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04225—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells during start-up
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04268—Heating of fuel cells during the start-up of the fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/043—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods
- H01M8/04302—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems applied during specific periods applied during start-up
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/0438—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04417—Pressure; Ambient pressure; Flow of the coolant
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a phase-change direct-cooling fuel cell thermal management system and an operation method, which belong to the technical field of fuel cell thermal management, and comprise a galvanic pile, a phase-change thermal management module and a monitoring module, wherein the phase-change thermal management module comprises a circulating booster pump, the circulating booster pump is sequentially connected with an intercooler and an electric heater and then is connected to a galvanic pile cooling liquid inlet, a galvanic pile cooling liquid outlet is connected with a pressure regulating valve and then is connected with a gas-liquid separator, the gas-liquid separator is provided with a gas phase outlet and a liquid phase outlet, the gas phase outlet is connected with an air-cooling radiator and then is sequentially connected with a cooling liquid storage tank and the circulating booster pump through a three-way valve to form a first circulating loop, and the liquid phase outlet is sequentially connected with the cooling liquid storage tank and the circulating booster pump through the three-way valve to form a second circulating loop. The invention solves the problem of nonuniform temperature inside the reactor core caused by sensible heat transfer of a supercooling liquid phase region and a superheating gas phase region inside the reactor core in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cell thermal management, in particular to a phase-change direct-cooling fuel cell thermal management system and an operation method.
Background
The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not necessarily constitute prior art.
The temperature uniformity in the fuel cell stack is high, and the maximum internal temperature non-uniformity is less than or equal to 5 ℃. At present, the fuel cell mainly depends on sensible heat transfer heat of liquid coolant, and the temperature of the coolant is continuously increased in the heat exchange process, so that the heat transfer temperature difference inside the electric pile is continuously changed, and the temperature uniform distribution characteristic inside the electric pile is affected. For the low-boiling point working medium with single component, the temperature of the phase change process is kept constant, and the heat management mode of in-pile phase change direct cooling is adopted, so that the temperature uniformity of the electric pile can be improved. In addition, the phase change latent heat is far higher than the liquid specific heat capacity, and the flow of the cooling liquid is reduced under the same heat exchange quantity, so that the work of the circulating pump is reduced. The heat transfer coefficient of the phase change heat transfer process is also superior to that of the single-phase flow heat transfer process, and the heat transfer temperature difference is reduced, so that the size of heat exchange equipment is reduced. In the temperature control of the phase change direct cooling in the electric pile, the in-pile cooling medium needs to be precisely controlled to be as close to the saturated liquid state as possible, so that the supercooling area is reduced; the cooling medium discharged from the reactor is in saturated gas state as much as possible, so that the overheating area is reduced. Thus, a high requirement is placed on the control of the phase change direct cooling and heating management.
The China patent with the application number 202211606851.1 discloses a fuel cell system based on a phase-change cooling medium and a using method thereof, which introduces a cooling system and a method for phase-change cooling by using a phase-change cooling medium stack, but the system structure is almost consistent with the layout of a traditional liquid cooling system, and the performance safety influence of the phase change of the cooling medium phase-change process on system components such as a water pump is not considered. The Chinese patent with the application number 202310928844.1 is a direct evaporation type fuel cell phase-change cooling system, which aims at reducing the size of components, reducing the power consumption of a water pump and the like by utilizing phase-change heat transfer, but the system is provided with an air pump in a gas phase loop, and the power consumption of gas phase compression is far higher than that of a liquid phase pump. In addition, the prior published patent does not consider the temperature influence caused by the change of the phase area of supercooling, phase change and overheating of the medium in the stack, and does not consider the flow control of the cooling medium in terms of temperature uniformity.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a phase-change direct-cooling fuel cell thermal management system and an operation method, which utilize the phase-change heat transfer of a low-boiling-point medium to realize the cold start and constant temperature functions of a galvanic pile, and avoid the sensible heat transfer of a supercooling liquid phase region and a superheating gas phase region in a reactor core, thereby improving the temperature uniformity in the reactor core.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a phase change direct cooling fuel cell thermal management system comprising:
A galvanic pile;
The phase change heat management module comprises a circulating booster pump, wherein the circulating booster pump is connected with an intercooler and an electric heater in sequence and then connected to a pile cooling liquid inlet, and a pile cooling liquid outlet is connected with a pressure regulating valve and then connected to a gas-liquid separator;
the gas-liquid separator is provided with a gas phase outlet and a liquid phase outlet, and the gas phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected with the air-cooled radiator and then is sequentially connected with the cooling liquid storage tank and the circulating booster pump through the three-way valve to form a first circulating loop;
the liquid phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator is sequentially connected with a cooling liquid storage tank and a circulating booster pump through a three-way valve to form a second circulating loop;
The monitoring module comprises a plurality of temperature sensors and pressure sensors.
As a further implementation, the monitoring module includes a first pressure sensor and a first temperature sensor and a second pressure sensor and a second temperature sensor.
As a further implementation, the first pressure sensor and the first temperature sensor are disposed between the electric heater and the stack coolant inlet;
The first pressure sensor is used for monitoring the high pressure of the circulating cooling liquid, and the first temperature sensor is used for monitoring the temperature of the cooling liquid entering the pile.
As a further implementation, the second pressure sensor and the second temperature sensor are arranged between the stack cooling liquid outlet and the pressure regulating valve;
The second pressure sensor is used for monitoring the low pressure of the circulating cooling liquid, and the second temperature sensor is used for monitoring the temperature of the stack cooling liquid.
As a further implementation, an air supply module is also included to provide oxygen for the reactor.
As a further implementation, the air supply module includes a filter, an air compressor, an intercooler, and a humidifier connected in sequence.
As a further implementation mode, air is filtered by a filter and compressed by an air compressor, then enters an intercooler, exchanges heat with cooling liquid in a phase-change thermal management module in the intercooler, and the cooled air enters a galvanic pile through a humidifier.
As a further implementation, the coolant reservoir is filled with a low boiling point coolant.
As a further implementation, it further includes a hydrogen supply module that provides hydrogen for the galvanic pile reaction.
In a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of operating a phase change direct cooling fuel cell thermal management system, comprising:
Auxiliary stack cold start: when the internal temperature of the electric pile is lower than a cold start threshold, a circulating booster pump is started, the circulating booster pump and a pressure regulating valve control circulating high pressure, the temperature and the pressure in the system are monitored by a monitoring module, at the moment, the corresponding evaporation temperature is not lower than a second set threshold, an electric heater is started to heat a cooling medium to a saturated gas state, the gaseous cooling medium flows into a heat exchange channel of the electric pile to release heat to the electric pile and condense, the liquid cooling medium flows into a gas-liquid separator, flows out from a liquid phase outlet, and the cold start thermal management process is completed through a second circulating loop;
Auxiliary component cooling function: when the electric pile works, the cooling liquid boosted by the circulating booster pump firstly flows into the intercooler to absorb the heat of high-temperature compressed air, the rotating speed of the circulating booster pump is regulated to control the flow rate of the cooling liquid, and the air entering the pile is cooled to enable the temperature of the air entering the pile to be in a preset range;
Pile temperature raising function: when the temperature in the electric pile starts to run to be not higher than a first set threshold value, the circulating booster pump and the pressure regulating valve control the circulating high pressure to maintain a first pressure value, the corresponding evaporation temperature is higher than or equal to the first set threshold value, the second pressure sensor monitors the circulating low pressure and always controls the cooling liquid to be in a liquid phase, the cooling liquid flows out from a liquid phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator and flows through a second circulating loop, and the cooling liquid absorbs part of heat from the intercooler to complete the electric pile heating process in cooperation with the self-heat generation of the electric pile;
Pile constant temperature function: when the operating temperature of the electric pile is higher than a first set threshold value, a first pressure sensor monitors and controls the circulating high pressure to maintain a second pressure value through a circulating booster pump and a pressure regulating valve, the corresponding evaporating temperature is smaller than or equal to the first set threshold value, the temperature of cooling liquid at an outlet of the intercooler is controlled to be close to the evaporating temperature but lower than the evaporating temperature, a second temperature sensor monitors and controls the temperature of the outlet of the electric pile to be equal to the evaporating temperature, a second pressure sensor monitors the circulating low pressure, the corresponding evaporating temperature at the moment under the circulating low pressure is higher than the ambient temperature, cooling liquid is boosted by the booster pump and flows into the intercooler for preheating, then flows through the electric pile for evaporating and absorbing heat to a saturated steam state, flows out from a gas phase outlet of a gas-liquid separator, enters an air-cooled radiator for radiating and cooling to be in a liquid state, then flows through a cooling liquid storage tank and enters an inlet of the circulating booster pump, and the cooling liquid flows through a first circulating loop, and the phase change process of evaporating and absorbing heat and condensing heat release is respectively completed inside the electric pile and the air-cooled radiator.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
The phase change direct cooling fuel cell thermal management system and the operation method thereof have the functions of assisting cold start of a cell stack, cooling an auxiliary component, heating the cell stack, keeping the temperature of the cell stack constant and the like, and by changing the system structure and operation control, the sensible heat transfer of a supercooling liquid phase region and a superheating gas phase region in a reactor core is avoided, an air cooler is utilized to preheat a cooling medium, the temperature of compressed air entering the cell stack for reaction is reduced, the temperature of the cooling medium entering the cell stack is increased, and the temperature difference of the cooling medium at an inlet and an outlet of the cell stack is reduced by combining pressure and flow regulation, so that the uniformity of the temperature in the cell stack is remarkably improved.
The invention relates to a phase-change direct-cooling fuel cell thermal management system and an operation method thereof, which utilize phase-change heat transfer of a low-boiling-point medium to realize cold start and constant temperature functions of a galvanic pile. The temperature of the phase change process of the low-boiling point working medium with single component is kept constant, and the heat management mode of in-pile phase change direct cooling is adopted, so that the temperature uniformity of the electric pile can be improved. In addition, the phase change latent heat is far higher than the liquid specific heat capacity, and the flow of the cooling liquid is reduced under the same heat exchange quantity, so that the work of a circulating pump is reduced, and the power consumption of a water pump is reduced. The heat transfer coefficient of the phase change heat transfer process is also superior to that of the single-phase flow heat transfer process, and the heat transfer temperature difference is reduced, so that the size of heat exchange equipment is reduced.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a thermal management system for a phase change direct cooling fuel cell according to the present invention.
Wherein: 1. a circulating booster pump; 201. a filter; 202. an air compressor; 203. an intercooler; 204. a humidifier; 3. an electric heater; 401. a first pressure sensor; 402. a first temperature sensor; 403. a second temperature sensor; 404. a second pressure sensor; 5. a galvanic pile; 6. a pressure regulating valve; 7. a gas-liquid separator; 701. a gas phase outlet; 702. a liquid phase outlet; 8. an air-cooled radiator; 9. a cooling liquid storage tank; 10. and a three-way valve.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.
It should be noted that the following detailed description is illustrative and is intended to provide further explanation of the invention. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.
Embodiments of the invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a phase-change direct-cooling fuel cell thermal management system, including:
A galvanic pile, a phase change thermal management module and a monitoring module.
The phase-change heat management module comprises a circulating booster pump, wherein an outlet of the circulating booster pump is connected with a cooling liquid inlet of an intercooler, a cooling liquid outlet of the intercooler is connected with an inlet of an electric heater, an outlet of the electric heater is connected with a cooling liquid inlet of a galvanic pile, a cooling liquid outlet of the galvanic pile is connected with an inlet of a pressure regulating valve, an outlet of the pressure regulating valve is connected with an inlet of a gas-liquid separator, the gas-liquid separator is provided with a gas phase outlet and a liquid phase outlet, the gas phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected with an inlet of an air-cooled radiator, an outlet of the air-cooled radiator is connected with one of liquid inlets of a three-way valve, a liquid outlet of the three-way valve is connected with an inlet of a cooling liquid storage tank, and an outlet of the cooling liquid storage tank is connected with an inlet of the circulating booster pump, so that a first circulating loop is formed.
The liquid phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected with the other liquid inlet of the three-way valve, the liquid outlet of the three-way valve is connected with the inlet of the cooling liquid storage tank, and the outlet of the cooling liquid storage tank is connected with the inlet of the circulating booster pump, so that a second circulating loop is formed.
The cooling liquid storage tank is filled with low boiling point cooling liquid and participates in the circulation process of heat management. In the embodiment, HFC-245fa or HFO-1233zd (E) solution is selected as the low boiling point cooling liquid, and the evaporation temperature in the reactor is controlled to be 60-70 ℃.
The monitoring module comprises a plurality of temperature sensors and pressure sensors. The method comprises the following steps: first pressure sensor and first temperature sensor and second pressure sensor and second temperature sensor. The first pressure sensor and the first temperature sensor are arranged between the electric heater and the cooling liquid inlet of the electric pile, the first pressure sensor is used for monitoring the high pressure of the circulating cooling liquid, and the first temperature sensor is used for monitoring the temperature of the cooling liquid entering the pile.
The second pressure sensor and the second temperature sensor are arranged between the pile cooling liquid outlet and the pressure regulating valve, the second pressure sensor is used for monitoring the low pressure of the circulating cooling liquid, and the second temperature sensor is used for monitoring the temperature of the pile cooling liquid.
The phase-change direct-cooling fuel cell thermal management system also comprises a hydrogen supply module and an air supply module, wherein the hydrogen supply module supplies hydrogen for the electric pile reaction. The air supply module supplies oxygen to the galvanic pile reaction. The air supply module comprises a filter, an air compressor, an intercooler and a humidifier which are sequentially connected. Air is filtered by a filter and compressed by an air compressor, then enters an intercooler, exchanges heat with cooling liquid in a phase change heat management module in the intercooler, and the cooled air enters a galvanic pile through a humidifier.
Example two
The embodiment provides an operation method of a phase-change direct-cooling fuel cell thermal management system, which comprises the following steps:
Auxiliary stack cold start: when the temperature inside the electric pile is lower than a cold start threshold value, a circulating booster pump is started, a pressure regulating valve is controlled, the evaporating pressure of the cooling medium is monitored by a first pressure sensor, the temperature of the gaseous cooling medium is monitored by a first temperature sensor, and the corresponding evaporating temperature is not lower than 30 ℃. The electric heater is started to heat the cooling medium to saturated gas state, the gaseous cooling medium flows into the pile heat exchange channel to release heat to the pile and condense, the liquid cooling medium flows into the gas-liquid separator, flows out from the liquid phase outlet, and the cold start thermal management process is completed through the second circulation loop.
Auxiliary component cooling function: when the electric pile works, the cooling liquid boosted by the circulating booster pump firstly flows into the intercooler to absorb the heat of the high-temperature compressed air, the rotating speed of the circulating booster pump is regulated to control the flow of the cooling liquid, and the air entering the pile is cooled to enable the temperature of the air entering the pile to be in a preset range.
Pile temperature raising function: when the electric pile starts to run to the temperature in the pile not higher than 70 ℃, the first pressure sensor monitors and the circulating booster pump and the pressure regulating valve control the circulating high pressure to maintain the first pressure value, at the moment, the corresponding evaporating temperature is higher than or equal to 70 ℃, the second pressure sensor monitors and the circulating low pressure, the cooling liquid is always controlled to be in a liquid phase, the cooling liquid flows out from the liquid phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator and flows through the second circulating loop, the cooling liquid absorbs part of heat from the intercooler, and the electric pile is matched with the self-heat generation of the electric pile to complete the electric pile heating process.
Pile constant temperature function: when the operating temperature of the electric pile is higher than 70 ℃, a first pressure sensor monitors and controls the circulating high pressure to maintain a second pressure value by a circulating booster pump and a pressure regulating valve, the corresponding evaporating temperature is lower than or equal to 70 ℃, the temperature of a cooling medium at an outlet of an intercooler is controlled to be slightly lower than the evaporating temperature, a second temperature sensor monitors and controls the temperature of the electric pile outlet to be equal to the evaporating temperature, the second pressure sensor monitors the circulating low pressure, the corresponding evaporating temperature at the low circulating pressure is higher than the ambient temperature, cooling liquid is boosted by the booster pump and flows into the intercooler for preheating, then flows through the electric pile for evaporating and absorbing heat to a saturated vapor state, flows out from a gas phase outlet of a gas-liquid separator, enters an air-cooled radiator for dissipating heat to the environment for cooling to be in a liquid state, then flows through a cooling liquid storage tank for entering an inlet of the circulating booster pump, and the cooling liquid flows through a first circulating loop, and the phase change process of evaporating and absorbing heat and condensing heat release is finished inside the electric pile and the air-cooled radiator respectively.
Under the constant temperature function operation of the electric pile, the rotation speed of the booster pump is regulated to control the temperature of the electric pile outlet to be slightly lower than the evaporation temperature, the cooling liquid at the electric pile outlet is maintained in a wet vapor state of gas-liquid two phases, the wet vapor flows into the gas-liquid separator, the gas phase part flows out through the gas phase outlet and is cooled to be liquid state through the air cooling radiator, the liquid phase part flows out through the liquid phase outlet, the liquid phase part enters the cooling liquid storage tank after being mixed in two paths, and the cooling liquid simultaneously flows through the first circulation loop and the second circulation loop to finish cooling the electric pile.
Under the constant temperature function operation of the electric pile, when the electric pile power is increased, the rotating speed of the booster pump and the opening of the pressure regulating valve are regulated, the mass flow of the cooling liquid is increased, and the circulating high pressure is properly reduced, so that the heat transfer temperature difference between the cooling liquid and the electric pile and the evaporation latent heat value are increased, the cooling effect is enhanced, and the electric pile temperature is maintained in a preset range. When the power of the electric pile is reduced, the rotating speed of the booster pump and the opening of the pressure regulating valve are regulated, the mass flow of the cooling liquid is reduced, the circulating high pressure is properly increased, the heat transfer temperature difference between the cooling liquid and the electric pile and the evaporation latent heat value are reduced, the cooling effect is weakened, and the temperature of the electric pile is maintained in a preset range.
To further illustrate the utility of the present invention, a specific embodiment of the present invention is described below.
HFC-245fa is selected as the cooling liquid to participate in the heat management cycle process.
Auxiliary stack cold start process: the circulation high pressure P1 of the cooling medium is controlled to be 1.78bar, the corresponding evaporation temperature is 30 ℃, the vaporization latent heat is 187.33kJ/kg, a 20kW electric heater is used for heating, the mass flow of the cooling medium is controlled to be 0.106kg/s, then the cooling medium at the outlet of the electric heater can realize complete vaporization, the gaseous cooling medium is exothermically condensed into liquid in the electric pile, the flowing pressure drop in the electric pile is assumed to be 0.2bar, the liquid temperature at the outlet of the electric pile is 26.7 ℃, the condensed liquid cooling medium flows out through the liquid phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator, and the cold start thermal management process is completed through the second circulation loop.
And (3) heating up the electric pile: the circulation high pressure P1 of the cooling medium is controlled to be 7.89bar, the corresponding evaporation temperature is 80 ℃, the cooling medium flows in the second circulation loop, the inside of each part is always kept in a liquid state, the heat is absorbed from the middle cooler in the circulation process, the temperature inside the electric pile is balanced, the cooling medium does not release heat to the outside, and the electric pile is gradually heated up by self-generated heat and the heat of the middle cooler.
And (3) a constant temperature process of the electric pile: the circulation high pressure P1 of the cooling medium is controlled to be 6.10bar, the corresponding evaporation temperature is 70 ℃, the phase change latent heat is 160.41kJ/kg, the low pressure P2 of the cooling medium is controlled to be 4.63bar, the corresponding condensation temperature is 60 ℃, the phase change latent heat is 167.75kJ/kg, the rated power of a galvanic pile is assumed to be 60kW, the heat generating power of the galvanic pile is 60kW, and the heat dissipating power of the adaptive intercooler is 7kW. The mass flow of the cooling medium is set to be 0.4kg/s, the pressure of the liquid cooling medium flowing out of the cooling liquid storage tank is increased to 6.1bar from 4.63bar through a circulating booster pump, the pressure is increased to 17.5kJ/kg after the cooling medium flows into an intercooler for absorbing heat for preheating, the specific enthalpy is increased to 70 ℃ from 60 ℃, then the cooling medium enters a pile for gasification and heat absorption, the specific enthalpy value of an outlet state is 447.89 kJ/kg, the dryness of the wet steam at the outlet is 0.96 under the assumption that the pressure of demand a lower price in the pile is 0.2bar, the corresponding temperature T2 is 68.8 ℃, the temperature difference between the inlet and the outlet of the cooling medium is 1.2 ℃, and the heat transfer uniformity characteristic in the pile is remarkably improved.
The gaseous cooling medium with the duty ratio of 0.96 flows through the gas phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator and flows through the first circulation loop, enters the air-cooled radiator to condense and release heat, the load of the air-cooled radiator is 67kW, and the temperature of cooling liquid flowing out of the air-cooled radiator is 60 ℃; the liquid cooling medium with the duty ratio of 0.04 flows through the second circulation loop through the liquid phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator, and the two paths of fluid are mixed through the three-way valve and flow into the cooling liquid storage tank, so that the whole thermal management process is completed.
And (3) an auxiliary part cooling process: assuming that the temperature of an air outlet of an air compressor is 180 ℃, the mass flow of air is 70g/s, the specific heat capacity of air is 1006J/(kg.K), the heat dissipation capacity of an intercooler is 7kW, the circulating high pressure of a cooling medium is controlled to be 6.10bar, the mass flow is 0.4kg/s, the inlet and outlet temperatures of the cooling medium in the intercooler are respectively set to be 60 ℃ and 70 ℃, and the cooling medium is used for reducing the high-temperature compressed air to 80 ℃ in the intercooler, so that the waste heat utilization of the hot air is realized, and the safe air inlet temperature is maintained.
The phase change direct cooling fuel cell thermal management system and the operation method thereof provided by the invention have the functions of assisting cold start of a cell stack, cooling an auxiliary component, heating the cell stack, keeping the temperature of the cell stack constant and the like, and heat exchange of a supercooled liquid phase region and a superheated gas phase region of cooling medium in the cell stack is reduced or avoided as much as possible by changing the system structure and operation control, the cooling medium is preheated by an air cooler, the temperature of the cooling medium entering the cell stack is increased, and the temperature difference between an inlet and an outlet of the cell stack of the cooling medium is reduced by pressure and flow regulation, so that the uniformity of the temperature in the cell stack is remarkably improved. Meanwhile, the phase change heat transfer can bring additional beneficial effects of reducing the circulation flow of the cooling medium and enhancing the heat transfer.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
While the foregoing description of the embodiments of the present invention has been presented in conjunction with the drawings, it should be understood that it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, but rather, it is intended to cover all modifications or variations within the scope of the invention as defined by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A phase change direct cooling fuel cell thermal management system comprising:
A galvanic pile;
The phase change heat management module comprises a circulating booster pump, wherein the circulating booster pump is connected with an intercooler and an electric heater in sequence and then connected to a pile cooling liquid inlet, and a pile cooling liquid outlet is connected with a pressure regulating valve and then connected to a gas-liquid separator;
the gas-liquid separator is provided with a gas phase outlet and a liquid phase outlet, and the gas phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator is connected with the air-cooled radiator and then is sequentially connected with the cooling liquid storage tank and the circulating booster pump through the three-way valve to form a first circulating loop;
The liquid phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator is sequentially connected with a cooling liquid storage tank and a circulating booster pump through a three-way valve to form a second circulating loop;
The monitoring module comprises a plurality of temperature sensors and pressure sensors.
2. The phase change direct cooling fuel cell thermal management system of claim 1 wherein the monitoring module comprises a first pressure sensor and a first temperature sensor and a second pressure sensor and a second temperature sensor.
3. A phase change direct cooling fuel cell thermal management system as defined in claim 2 wherein said first pressure sensor and first temperature sensor are disposed between an electric heater and a stack coolant inlet;
The first pressure sensor is used for monitoring the high pressure of the circulating cooling liquid, and the first temperature sensor is used for monitoring the temperature of the cooling liquid entering the pile.
4. The phase change direct cooling fuel cell thermal management system of claim 2 wherein the second pressure sensor and the second temperature sensor are disposed between the stack coolant outlet and the pressure regulating valve;
the second pressure sensor is used for monitoring the low pressure of the circulating cooling liquid, and the second temperature sensor is used for monitoring the temperature of the stack cooling liquid.
5. A phase change direct cooling fuel cell thermal management system as defined in claim 1 further comprising an air supply module for providing oxygen to the reactor.
6. The phase change direct cooling fuel cell thermal management system of claim 5 wherein the air supply module comprises a filter, an air compressor, an intercooler, and a humidifier connected in sequence.
7. The heat management system of a phase change direct cooling fuel cell of claim 6 wherein air is filtered through a filter and compressed by an air compressor and enters an intercooler where it exchanges heat with the coolant in the phase change heat management module and the cooled air enters the stack through a humidifier.
8. A phase change direct cooling fuel cell thermal management system as defined in claim 1 wherein said coolant reservoir is filled with a low boiling point coolant.
9. A phase change direct cooling fuel cell thermal management system as defined in claim 1 further comprising a hydrogen supply module for providing hydrogen for the galvanic pile reaction.
10. A method of operating a phase change direct cooling fuel cell thermal management system, comprising:
Auxiliary stack cold start: when the internal temperature of the electric pile is lower than a cold start threshold, a circulating booster pump is started, the circulating booster pump and a pressure regulating valve control circulating high pressure, the temperature and the pressure in the system are monitored by a monitoring module, at the moment, the corresponding evaporation temperature is not lower than a second set threshold, an electric heater is started to heat a cooling medium to a saturated gas state, the gaseous cooling medium flows into a heat exchange channel of the electric pile to release heat to the electric pile and condense, the liquid cooling medium flows into a gas-liquid separator, flows out from a liquid phase outlet, and the cold start thermal management process is completed through a second circulating loop;
Auxiliary component cooling function: when the electric pile works, the cooling liquid boosted by the circulating booster pump firstly flows into the intercooler to absorb the heat of high-temperature compressed air, the rotating speed of the circulating booster pump is regulated to control the flow rate of the cooling liquid, and the air entering the pile is cooled to enable the temperature of the air entering the pile to be in a preset range;
Pile temperature raising function: when the temperature in the electric pile starts to run to be not higher than a first set threshold value, the circulating booster pump and the pressure regulating valve control the circulating high pressure to maintain a first pressure value, the corresponding evaporation temperature is higher than or equal to the first set threshold value, the second pressure sensor monitors the circulating low pressure and always controls the cooling liquid to be in a liquid phase, the cooling liquid flows out from a liquid phase outlet of the gas-liquid separator and flows through a second circulating loop, and the cooling liquid absorbs part of heat from the intercooler to complete the electric pile heating process in cooperation with the self-heat generation of the electric pile;
Pile constant temperature function: when the operating temperature of the electric pile is higher than a first set threshold value, a first pressure sensor monitors and controls the circulating high pressure to maintain a second pressure value through a circulating booster pump and a pressure regulating valve, the corresponding evaporating temperature is smaller than or equal to the first set threshold value, the temperature of cooling liquid at an outlet of the intercooler is controlled to be close to the evaporating temperature but lower than the evaporating temperature, a second temperature sensor monitors and controls the temperature of the outlet of the electric pile to be equal to the evaporating temperature, a second pressure sensor monitors the circulating low pressure, the corresponding evaporating temperature at the moment under the circulating low pressure is higher than the ambient temperature, cooling liquid is boosted by the booster pump and flows into the intercooler for preheating, then flows through the electric pile for evaporating and absorbing heat to a saturated steam state, flows out from a gas phase outlet of a gas-liquid separator, enters an air-cooled radiator for radiating and cooling to be in a liquid state, then flows through a cooling liquid storage tank and enters an inlet of the circulating booster pump, and the cooling liquid flows through a first circulating loop, and the phase change process of evaporating and absorbing heat and condensing heat release is respectively completed inside the electric pile and the air-cooled radiator.
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