CN116779921A - High-energy-efficiency fuel cell cogeneration device and method - Google Patents
High-energy-efficiency fuel cell cogeneration device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN116779921A CN116779921A CN202310580597.0A CN202310580597A CN116779921A CN 116779921 A CN116779921 A CN 116779921A CN 202310580597 A CN202310580597 A CN 202310580597A CN 116779921 A CN116779921 A CN 116779921A
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 247
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 131
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000001651 catalytic steam reforming of methanol Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
- H01M8/0618—Reforming processes, e.g. autothermal, partial oxidation or steam reforming
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/323—Catalytic reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds other than hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D18/00—Small-scale combined heat and power [CHP] generation systems specially adapted for domestic heating, space heating or domestic hot-water supply
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04029—Heat exchange using liquids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04111—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants using a compressor turbine assembly
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04126—Humidifying
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/32—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from a charging set comprising a non-electric prime mover rotating at constant speed
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2101/00—Electric generators of small-scale CHP systems
- F24D2101/30—Fuel cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/10—Fuel cells in stationary systems, e.g. emergency power source in plant
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- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a high-energy-efficiency fuel cell cogeneration device based on a methanol reforming hydrogen production technology, which comprises a fuel storage pretreatment and hydrogen production subsystem, a power generation subsystem, a heat supply subsystem and a monitoring subsystem; the hydrogen produced by the methanol steam reforming reaction is supplied to a fuel cell to generate electricity after separation, purification, cooling and pressurization, generated electric energy is provided to the outside through voltage transformation, part of methanol, hydrogen impurity gas separated and purified and tail exhaust gas of the hydrogen side of the fuel cell are provided with high-quality heat sources through a burner, the high-quality heat sources such as high Wen Wei exhaust gas produced by the burner, waste heat produced by the fuel cell after power generation and the like are used for heating and storing water, and the extra heat and waste gas are discharged to the outside. The invention has the advantages of high comprehensive utilization rate of energy, environmental protection and the like, and is an ideal way for realizing energy supply of buildings according to requirements.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a high-energy-efficiency fuel cell cogeneration device based on a methanol reforming hydrogen production technology and a cogeneration method thereof.
Background
Building energy consumption is an important component of energy consumption in China every year, and accounts for 20-30% of the total energy consumption in China. The building energy consumption has various types, but the essence is the requirement for three energy forms of cold, heat and electricity. The traditional building energy system relies on a centralized power supply mode of 'large units and large power grids', and the power transmitted by a power plant through the power grids is converted into cold and hot energy forms through various energy utilization devices, so that the requirements of users on illumination, heating, domestic hot water and the like are met. However, the conventional centralized power supply method has three problems: 1. environmental pollution problems; 2. the power supply safety problem; 3. economic rationality problem. A fuel cell cogeneration device is provided.
The characteristic that a large amount of waste heat is generated in the power generation process of the fuel cell makes the fuel cell very suitable for being used as a heat engine of a cogeneration device. Compared with the traditional heat engine (internal combustion engine, gas turbine, stirling engine, etc.), the fuel cell has higher power generation efficiency, higher fuel utilization rate, lower greenhouse gas emission, smaller volume and lower noise.
Currently, the world's demand for hydrogen comes mainly from natural gas steam reforming and partial oxidation of hydrocarbons. Because of the limitation of the region, availability of hydrocarbon resources and other conditions, partial users cannot adopt the most economical natural gas reforming hydrogen production technology, and instead adopt the electrolytic hydrogen production technology and the methanol hydrogen production technology. The electrolytic hydrogen production cost is high, and the development and the use of the technology are limited. The methanol steam reforming hydrogen production process has the following characteristics: the reaction temperature is relatively low (260-280 ℃), the process condition is mild, and the fuel consumption is low; the unit hydrogen production cost is low; the methanol raw material is easy to obtain, and the transportation and the storage are convenient. And a large amount of waste heat is generated in the self-heating process, so that the device is also very suitable for being used as a hydrogen source of the cogeneration device.
The method for improving the energy efficiency of the fuel cell cogeneration device based on the methanol reforming hydrogen production technology can effectively improve the heat supply capacity and reduce the raw material consumption, and is an ideal way for realizing energy supply of buildings according to requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, a new generation of energy system needs to be developed to meet the requirements of building energy, and in such a background and environment, it is an object of the present invention to provide an energy efficient fuel cell cogeneration device.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: the high-energy-efficiency fuel cell cogeneration device comprises a fuel storage pretreatment and hydrogen production subsystem, a power generation subsystem and a heat supply subsystem; the fuel storage pretreatment and hydrogen production subsystem comprises a methanol storage tank, a liquid flowmeter, a mixing tank, a mixed liquid metering pump, a preheater, an evaporator, a reactor and a purifier, wherein the methanol storage tank is sequentially connected through a connecting pipe, the liquid flowmeter, the mixing tank, the mixed liquid metering pump, the preheater, the evaporator, the reactor and the purifier are sequentially connected through a first methanol metering pump, the liquid flowmeter and the burner heating module of the methanol storage tank are sequentially connected through a second methanol metering pump, the pure water storage tank is connected with the mixing tank through the liquid flowmeter and the pure water metering pump, the preheater is sequentially connected with a heat exchanger, a supercharger, a hydrogen buffer tank and a fuel cell stack through connecting pipes, the burner heating module is respectively connected with a first air compressor and the evaporator through a first intercooler and a heat conduction oil pump, and the burner heating module is simultaneously connected with the purifier; the power generation subsystem comprises a fuel cell stack, a gas flowmeter and a pressure reducing valve which are sequentially connected between a hydrogen buffer tank and the fuel cell stack through connecting pipes, wherein hydrogen sequentially passes through the gas flowmeter and the pressure reducing valve from the hydrogen buffer tank to the fuel cell stack, the power generation subsystem further comprises a humidifier, a first steam-water separator, an electronic throttle valve, a second steam-water separator and a hydrogen circulating pump, wherein the humidifier, the first steam-water separator, the electronic throttle valve and the second steam-water separator are connected to the air side tail row of the fuel cell stack, the second steam-water separator and the hydrogen circulating pump are connected to the fuel cell stack, the humidifier is sequentially connected with a second intercooler and a second air compressor, the second steam-water separator is connected with a burner heating module through an electric valve, part of the tail row is discharged to the burner heating module through the electric valve, and the first steam-water separator and the second steam-water separator are simultaneously connected with a pure water storage tank; the heat supply subsystem comprises a hot water storage tank and a heat dissipation module which are respectively connected with the fuel cell pile through an electric valve, the hot water storage tank and the heat dissipation module which are connected in parallel are simultaneously connected with a cooling water tank, a cooling water pump is connected to the cooling water tank, the cooling water pump is respectively connected with the fuel cell pile and the heat exchanger through the electric valve, and the fuel cell pile and the heat exchanger are connected in parallel.
Further, the system also comprises a monitoring subsystem, wherein the monitoring subsystem comprises a power conversion module for converting direct current generated by the fuel cell stack into standard alternating current for construction, a storage battery pack for providing starting and emergency electric energy for the whole device and an electric control module for monitoring and controlling the whole device.
The second object of the present invention is to provide a heat and power cogeneration method of a high-energy-efficiency fuel cell, comprising the steps of:
the methanol in the methanol storage tank is pumped to the burner heating module through a second methanol metering pump, meanwhile, air in the external environment is sent to the first intercooler through the first air compressor for cooling and then sent to the burner heating module, the methanol and the air burn in the burner heating module to heat conduction oil, and the heat conduction oil pump is utilized to preheat the evaporator, the reactor and the purifier;
the cooling water pump is started, tail gas generated by the burner heat supply module is cooled by the heat exchanger, meanwhile, heat absorbed by the heat exchanger is sent to the hot water storage tank to heat domestic water, and redundant heat is emitted to the external environment through the heat radiation module;
the first methanol metering pump and the pure water metering pump are started, methanol and water entering the mixing tank are mixed to prepare a methanol mixed solution, the methanol mixed solution is sequentially conveyed to a preheater for preheating, an evaporator for vaporization, a reactor for hydrogen production and a purifier for purification through the mixed solution metering pump, and finally the produced high-purity hydrogen is sequentially cooled through the preheater, cooled through a heat exchanger, pressurized through a booster and stored in a hydrogen buffer tank;
the hydrogen in the hydrogen buffer tank is regulated to proper pressure through a pressure reducing valve and then is sent to the fuel cell stack, air in the external environment is sent to a second intercooler for cooling, a humidifier for humidification and other pretreatment through a second air compressor, part of the air is sent to the fuel cell stack, and electrochemical reaction of the hydrogen and the air occurs in the fuel cell stack to generate electric energy, heat energy, tail gas and water;
the electric energy is converted into alternating current with specific voltage through DC/AC and is sent to an electric load; part of heat energy is sent to a hot water storage tank to heat domestic water after heating cooling water, and the residual heat is emitted to the external environment through a heat radiation module; the tail gas of the cathode side of the fuel cell stack mainly comprises unreacted gas and most of produced water in the air, the produced water is sent to a pure water storage tank after being dehydrated by a humidifier and separated by a first steam-water separator, and the unreacted tail gas is discharged to the external environment; after the tail gas at the anode side of the fuel cell stack passes through the second steam-water separator, the separated generated water is sent to a pure water storage tank, part of the separated gas is sent to the fuel cell stack for auxiliary drainage through a hydrogen circulating pump, and the other part of the separated gas is sent to a combustor heat supply module for combustion heat supply through an electric valve.
Further, the high Wen Wei exhaust gas generated by the burner heat supply module supplies heat for the preheater and the heat exchanger: the heat energy provided for the preheater is used for preheating the methanol mixed solution, so that the consumption of methanol in the combustor heat supply module is reduced, the hydrogen production energy efficiency of the methanol is improved, and the energy efficiency of the fuel cell cogeneration device is further improved; the latter is the heat energy that the heat exchanger provided is used for heating the cooling water in the coolant tank, and the hot water in the hot water storage tank is further heated to the cooling water, improves to outer heat supply ability, promptly improves fuel cell cogeneration device energy efficiency.
Still further, the high temperature hydrogen gas separated by the purifier supplies heat for the preheater and the heat exchanger, and is cooled to the temperature range required by the fuel cell stack: the heat energy provided for the preheater is used for preheating the methanol mixed solution, so that the consumption of methanol in the combustor heat supply module is reduced, the hydrogen production energy efficiency of the methanol is improved, and the energy efficiency of the fuel cell cogeneration device is further improved; the latter is the heat energy that the heat exchanger provided is used for heating the cooling water in the coolant tank, and the hot water in the hot water storage tank is further heated to the cooling water, improves to outer heat supply ability, promptly improves fuel cell cogeneration device energy efficiency.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1, high comprehensive energy utilization rate: the power generation efficiency of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell power generation device can reach 50-60%, and the rest heat part can be used for supplying heat to the outside; the heat generated in the process of preparing hydrogen by reforming methanol can also supply heat outwards; the comprehensive energy utilization rate of the whole device can reach 70-80 percent;
2, green environmental protection: the hydrogen and the methanol are used as the fuel, and no pollution gas is generated no matter the hydrogen is produced by reforming the methanol, or the electric energy and the heat energy are provided by the fuel cell;
and 3, the invention realizes the internal heat distribution of the fuel cell cogeneration device through cooling water, thereby meeting the internal heat balance of the device and the adjustment of external heat supply/dissipation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system architecture of the present invention.
The reference numerals are as follows: 1-methanol storage tank, 2-first methanol metering pump, 3/21/31-liquid flowmeter, 4-mixing tank, 5-mixed liquid metering pump, 6-preheater, 7-evaporator, 8-reactor, 9-purifier, 10-heat exchanger, 11-booster, 12-hydrogen buffer tank, 13-gas flowmeter, 14-pressure reducing valve, 15-hydrogen circulation pump, 16-fuel cell stack, 17-power conversion module, 18-first air compressor, 19-first intercooler, 20-second methanol metering pump, 22-burner heating module, 23-heat conduction oil pump, 24-second air compressor, 25-second intercooler, 26-humidifier, 27-first steam-water separator, 28-electronic throttle valve, 29-pure water storage tank, 30-pure water metering pump, 32-cooling water tank, 32-cooling water pump, 34/35/36/37/43-electric valve, 38-hot water storage tank, 39-heat dissipation module, 40-electric control module, 41-storage battery pack, 42-second steam-water separator.
Description of the embodiments
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the embodiment of the present invention is: a high-energy-efficiency fuel cell cogeneration device comprises a fuel storage pretreatment and hydrogen production subsystem, a power generation subsystem, a heat supply subsystem and a monitoring subsystem.
The fuel storage pretreatment and hydrogen production subsystem comprises a methanol storage tank 1, a liquid flowmeter 3, a mixing tank 4, a mixed liquid metering pump 5, a preheater 6, an evaporator 7, a reactor 8 and a purifier 9, wherein the methanol storage tank 1 and the liquid flowmeter 3, the mixing tank 4, the mixed liquid metering pump 5, the preheater 6, the evaporator 7, the reactor 8 and the purifier 9 are sequentially connected through connecting pipes, the liquid flowmeter 21 and the burner heating module 22 of the methanol storage tank 1 are sequentially connected through a second methanol metering pump 20, the pure water storage tank 29 of the mixing tank 4 is further connected through a liquid flowmeter 31 and a pure water metering pump 30, the preheater 6 is sequentially connected with a heat exchanger 10, a booster 11, a hydrogen buffer tank 12 and a fuel cell stack 16 through connecting pipes, the burner heating module 22 is respectively connected with a first air compressor 18 and the evaporator 7 through a first intercooler 19 and a heat conduction oil pump 23, and the burner heating module 22 is simultaneously connected with the purifier 9.
The fuel storage pretreatment and hydrogen production subsystem is functionally divided into three units.
The first unit is used for mixing methanol and pure water in a quantitative ratio to form a hydrogen-producing methanol mixed solution, and the specific flow is as follows: the mixing tank 4 for storing the methanol mixed solution is sequentially connected with the methanol storage tank 1, the methanol metering pump 2 and the liquid flowmeter 3 through pipelines, the pure water storage tank 29, the pure water metering pump 30 and the liquid flowmeter 31 are further connected to the mixing tank 4, and the pure water storage tank 29 is further connected with product water of the fuel cell stack 16 separated from the first steam-water separator 27 and the second steam-water separator 42.
The second unit functions to prepare hydrogen gas meeting the requirements of the fuel cell stack 16 by the methanol mixed solution through the processes of preheating, vaporizing, reforming, purifying, cooling, pressurizing and the like, and the specific flow is as follows: the mixed liquid metering pump 5, the preheater 6, the evaporator 7, the reactor 8, the purifier 9, the preheater 6, the heat exchanger 10, the booster 11 and the hydrogen buffer tank 12 are connected in sequence from the mixing tank 4 through pipelines.
The third unit functions to provide a high-quality heat source for the evaporator 7, the reactor 8 and the purifier 9 to supply heat through the burner heat supply module 22, and a low-quality heat source such as high Wen Wei exhaust gas generated by the burner heat supply module 22 is used for the preheater 6 and the heat exchanger 10 to supply heat, and the specific flow is as follows: the combustor heat supply module 22 is connected with methanol provided by the second methanol metering pump 20 and the liquid flowmeter 21, hydrogen impurity gas separated by the purifier 9, fuel cell stack 16 hydrogen side tail gas discharged by the electric valve 43, a first air compressor 18 and an oxidant supplied by the first intercooler 19, the combustor heat supply module 22 is also connected with the heat conduction oil pump 23 for providing heat for the evaporator 7, the reactor 8 and the purifier 9, and the hydrogen impurity gas separated by the purifier 9 and the fuel cell stack 16 hydrogen side tail gas are discharged to the combustor heat supply module 22 for burning and heating, so that the consumption of methanol in the combustor heat supply module 22 is reduced, the hydrogen production energy efficiency of the methanol is improved, and the energy efficiency of the fuel cell cogeneration device is further improved.
The power generation subsystem comprises a fuel cell stack 16, a gas flowmeter 13 and a pressure reducing valve 14 which are sequentially connected between a hydrogen buffer tank 12 and the fuel cell stack 16 through connecting pipes, hydrogen sequentially passes through the gas flowmeter 13 and the pressure reducing valve 14 from the hydrogen buffer tank 12 to the fuel cell stack 16, a humidifier 26, a first steam-water separator 27, an electronic throttle valve 28, a second steam-water separator 42 and a hydrogen side tail exhaust, which are connected to the air side tail exhaust of the fuel cell stack 16, and a hydrogen circulating pump 15, wherein the humidifier 26 is sequentially connected with a second intercooler 25 and a second air compressor 24, the second steam-water separator 42 is connected with a combustor heating module 22 through an electric valve 43, part of tail exhaust is discharged to the combustor heating module 22 through the electric valve 43, the first steam-water separator 27 and the second steam-water separator 42 are simultaneously connected with a pure water storage tank 29, the air side product water and the hydrogen side product water of the fuel cell stack 16 separated by the first steam-water separator 27 and the second steam-water separator 42 are sent to the pure water storage tank 29, pure water consumption is reduced, the air is discharged from the second intercooler 24 to the air compressor 25 through the second air compressor 25, the second steam-water separator 26 is connected with the electronic throttle valve 28, and the product water is separated from the air side product water is discharged from the fuel cell stack 16 through the electronic throttle valve 28.
The power generation subsystem functions to produce electric energy, heat energy and water by chemical reaction between the produced hydrogen and external air in the fuel cell stack 16, and the specific flow is as follows: the hydrogen gas sequentially passes through the gas flowmeter 13 and the pressure reducing valve 14 from the hydrogen buffer tank 12 to the fuel cell stack 16, the hydrogen side tail row of the fuel cell stack 16 is connected with the second steam-water separator 42 and the hydrogen circulating pump 15 to return to the fuel cell stack 16, part of the tail row is connected with the electric valve 43 to be discharged to the burner heat supply module 22, and the product water separated by the first water separator 27 is connected to the pure water storage tank 29; air is passed from the second air compressor 24 through a second intercooler 25, a humidifier 26 to the fuel cell stack 16, the air side end of the fuel cell stack 16 being connected to the humidifier 26 and a first steam-water separator 27, wherein the separated gas is evacuated through an electronic throttle valve 28 and the separated product water is connected to a pure water storage tank 29.
The heating subsystem comprises a hot water storage tank 38 and a heat dissipation module 39 which are respectively connected with the fuel cell stack 16 through an electric valve 36 and an electric valve 37, the hot water storage tank 38 and the heat dissipation module 39 which are connected in parallel are simultaneously connected with a cooling water tank 32, a cooling water pump 33 is connected to the cooling water tank 32, the cooling water pump 33 is respectively connected with the fuel cell stack 16 and the heat exchanger 10 through the electric valve 34 and the electric valve 35, and the fuel cell stack 16 and the heat exchanger 10 are connected in parallel.
The heat supply subsystem functions to guide the waste heat in the fuel cell stack 16 and the burner heat supply module 22 into the hot water storage tank 38 by using a closed circulating water mode, and the redundant heat is released to the external environment through the exhaust and heat dissipation module 39, and the specific flow is as follows: the cooling water tank 32 is connected to the cooling water pump 33, the electric valve 34, the fuel cell stack 16 and the heat exchanger 10, and is further connected to the electric valve 36, the electric valve 37, the hot water tank 38 and the heat radiation module 39, and finally returns to the cooling water tank 32.
The monitoring subsystem includes a power conversion module 17 for converting the direct current generated by the fuel cell stack 16 into standard building alternating current, a battery pack 41 for providing starting and emergency power to the overall device, and an electronic control module 40 for monitoring and controlling the overall device.
Example 2
The invention discloses a high-energy-efficiency fuel cell cogeneration method which comprises the following steps.
The methanol in the methanol storage tank 1 is sent to the burner heating module 22 through the second methanol metering pump 20, meanwhile, the air in the external environment is sent to the first intercooler 19 through the first air compressor 18 to be cooled and then sent to the burner heating module 22, the methanol and the air burn in the burner heating module 22 to heat conduction oil, and the heat conduction oil pump 23 is utilized to preheat the evaporator 7, the reactor 8 and the purifier 9.
The cooling water pump 33 is turned on, the tail gas generated by the burner heating module 22 is cooled by the heat exchanger 10, and meanwhile, the heat absorbed by the heat exchanger 10 is sent to the hot water storage tank 38 to heat the domestic water, and the redundant heat is emitted to the external environment through the heat dissipation module 39.
The first methanol metering pump 2 and the pure water metering pump 30 are started, methanol and water entering the mixing tank 4 are mixed to prepare a methanol mixed solution, the methanol mixed solution is sequentially conveyed to the preheater 6 for preheating, the evaporator 7 for vaporization, the reactor 8 for hydrogen production and the purifier 9 for purification through the mixed solution metering pump 5, and finally the produced high-purity hydrogen is sequentially cooled through the preheater 6, cooled through the heat exchanger 10, pressurized through the pressurizer 11 and stored through the hydrogen buffer tank 12.
The hydrogen in the hydrogen buffer tank 12 is regulated to a proper pressure by the pressure reducing valve 14 and then is sent to the fuel cell stack 16, the air in the external environment is sent to the second intercooler 25 for cooling and the humidifier 26 for humidification and other pretreatment by the second air compressor 24, part of the air is sent to the fuel cell stack 16, and the hydrogen and the air undergo electrochemical reaction in the fuel cell stack 16 to generate electric energy, heat energy, tail gas and water.
The electric energy is converted into alternating current with specific voltage through the DC/AC17 and is sent to an electric load; part of heat energy is sent to the hot water storage tank 38 to heat domestic water after heating cooling water, and the rest heat energy is emitted to the external environment through the heat radiation module 39; the cathode-side tail gas of the fuel cell stack 16 mainly comprises unreacted gas and most of produced water in the air, the produced water is sent to a pure water storage tank 29 after being dehydrated by a humidifier 26 and separated by a first steam-water separator 27, and the unreacted tail gas is discharged to the external environment; after the anode-side tail gas of the fuel cell stack 16 passes through the second steam-water separator 42, the separated generated water is sent to the pure water storage tank 29, part of the separated gas is sent to the fuel cell stack 16 again through the hydrogen circulating pump 15 to assist in draining, and the other part of the separated gas is sent to the combustor heat supply module 22 through the electric valve 43 to burn and supply heat.
The high Wen Wei exhaust gas generated by the burner heating module 22 provides heat to the preheater 6 and the heat exchanger 10: the heat energy provided for the preheater 6 is used for preheating the methanol mixed solution, so that the consumption of methanol in the combustor heat supply module 22 is reduced, the hydrogen production energy efficiency of the methanol is improved, and the energy efficiency of the fuel cell cogeneration device is further improved; the latter provides heat energy to the heat exchanger 10 for heating the cooling water in the cooling water tank 32, which in turn heats the hot water in the hot water reservoir 38, improving the capacity for external heat supply, i.e. the energy efficiency of the fuel cell cogeneration unit.
The high-temperature hydrogen separated by the purifier 9 supplies heat to the preheater 6 and the heat exchanger 10, and is cooled to the temperature range required by the fuel cell stack 16: the heat energy provided for the preheater 6 is used for preheating the methanol mixed solution, so that the consumption of methanol in the combustor heat supply module 22 is reduced, the hydrogen production energy efficiency of the methanol is improved, and the energy efficiency of the fuel cell cogeneration device is further improved; the latter provides heat energy to the heat exchanger 10 for heating the cooling water in the cooling water tank 32, which in turn heats the hot water in the hot water reservoir 38, improving the capacity for external heat supply, i.e. the energy efficiency of the fuel cell cogeneration unit.
The invention connects two heat source fuel cell stacks 16 and a heat exchanger 10 in parallel through cooling water, and then connects the two heat source fuel cell stacks to two hot water storage tanks 38 and a heat dissipation module 39 in series, wherein the cooling waterways of the hot water storage tanks 38 and the heat dissipation module 39 are connected in parallel; the electric valves 34-37 in front of the four devices are utilized to realize the internal heat distribution of the fuel cell cogeneration device, thereby meeting the internal heat balance of the device and the adjustment of external heat supply/dissipation.
Example 3
For building area 120cm 2 The embodiment discloses a fuel cell cogeneration device based on a methanol reforming hydrogen production technology. Wherein the rated power generation power of the device is 1kW (meeting the household long-term minimum power load), the rated power generation efficiency of the fuel cell is about 50%, and the liquid storage amount of the methanol storage tank is about 50L.
Firstly, the methanol in the methanol storage tank 1 is sent to the burner heating module 22 through the second methanol metering pump 20, meanwhile, the air in the external environment is sent to the first intercooler 19 through the first air compressor 18 to be cooled and then sent to the burner heating module 22, and the methanol and the air burn in the burner heating module 22 to heat conduction oil; preheating the evaporator 7, the reactor 8 and the purifier 9 by using a heat conduction oil pump 23; the cooling water pump 33 is started, the tail gas generated by the burner heat supply module 22 is cooled by the heat exchanger 10, the heat absorbed by the heat exchanger 10 is sent to the hot water storage tank 38 to heat the domestic water, and the redundant heat is emitted to the external environment through the heat dissipation module 39.
Then, a first methanol metering pump 2 and a pure water metering pump 30 are started, a methanol mixed solution is prepared according to a certain proportion, the methanol mixed solution is sequentially conveyed to a preheater 6 for preheating, an evaporator 7 for vaporization, a reactor 8 for hydrogen production and a purifier 9 for purification through a mixed solution metering pump 5, and finally the produced high-purity hydrogen is sequentially cooled through the preheater 6, cooled through a heat exchanger 10, pressurized through a booster 11 and stored in a hydrogen buffer tank 12; the hydrogen impurity gas separated by the purifier 9 is sent to the burner heating module 22 for burning, and the tail gas generated by the burner heating module 22 is further cooled by the preheater 6.
Finally, the hydrogen gas in the hydrogen buffer tank 12 is adjusted to an appropriate pressure by the pressure reducing valve 14, and then sent to the fuel cell stack 16; the air in the external environment is sent to a second intercooler 25 for cooling, a humidifier 26 for humidification, etc. pretreatment by a second air compressor 24, and then is sent to the fuel cell stack 16 in part. The hydrogen and air react electrochemically in the fuel cell stack 16 to produce electrical energy, thermal energy, tail gas, and water.
Wherein the electric energy is converted into alternating current with specific voltage through DC/AC17 and is sent to an electric load; the heat energy is cooled by cooling water, the cooling water is sent to the hot water storage tank 38 to heat domestic water, and the redundant heat is emitted to the external environment through the heat radiation module 39; the cathode-side tail gas of the electric pile mainly comprises unreacted gas and most of generated water in the air, the generated water is sent to a pure water storage tank 29 after being dehydrated by a humidifier 26 and separated by a first steam-water separator 27, and the unreacted tail gas is discharged to the external environment; after the anode-side tail gas of the electric pile passes through the second steam-water separator 42, the separated generated water is sent to the pure water storage tank 29, part of the separated gas is sent to the fuel cell electric pile 16 again through the hydrogen circulating pump 15 to assist in water drainage, and the other part of the separated gas is sent to the combustor heat supply module 22 through the electric valve 43 to burn and supply heat.
The battery 41 provides starting and emergency power for the entire device; the monitoring unit 40 is used to monitor and control the entire apparatus.
The present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily understood by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The high-energy-efficiency fuel cell cogeneration device comprises a fuel storage pretreatment and hydrogen production subsystem, a power generation subsystem and a heat supply subsystem; the method is characterized in that:
the fuel storage pretreatment and hydrogen production subsystem comprises a methanol storage tank (1), a mixing tank (4) connected with the methanol storage tank (1) through a first methanol metering pump (2), a mixed liquid metering pump (5), a preheater (6), an evaporator (7), a reactor (8) and a purifier (9), wherein the burner heating module (22) of the methanol storage tank (1) is connected with the second methanol metering pump (20), the fuel storage pretreatment and hydrogen production subsystem further comprises a pure water storage tank (29) connected with the mixing tank (4) through a pure water metering pump (30), the preheater (6) is sequentially connected with a heat exchanger (10), a booster (11), a hydrogen buffer tank (12) and a fuel cell stack (16), the burner heating module (22) is respectively connected with a first air compressor (18) and the evaporator (7) through a first intercooler (19) and a heat conduction oil pump (23), and the burner heating module (22) is simultaneously connected with the purifier (9);
the power generation subsystem comprises a fuel cell stack (16), a gas flowmeter (13) and a pressure reducing valve (14) which are sequentially connected between a hydrogen buffer tank (12) and the fuel cell stack (16), a humidifier (26), a first steam-water separator (27), an electronic throttle valve (28), a second steam-water separator (42) and a hydrogen circulating pump (15), wherein the humidifier (26) is sequentially connected with a second intercooler (25) and a second air compressor (24), the second steam-water separator (42) is connected with a burner heating module (22), and the first steam-water separator (27) and the second steam-water separator (42) are simultaneously connected with a pure water storage tank (29);
the heat supply subsystem comprises a hot water storage tank (38) and a heat dissipation module (39) which are respectively connected with the fuel cell stack (16), the hot water storage tank (38) and the heat dissipation module (39) which are connected in parallel are simultaneously connected with a cooling water tank (32), a cooling water pump (33) is connected to the cooling water tank (32), and the cooling water pump (33) is respectively connected with the fuel cell stack (16) and the heat exchanger (10).
2. The cogeneration system of claim 1, further comprising a monitoring subsystem that includes a power conversion module (17) that converts direct current generated by the fuel cell stack (16) to alternating current, a battery (41) that provides both starting and emergency electrical power, and an electronic control module (40) for monitoring and control.
3. A high energy efficiency fuel cell cogeneration method, characterized by comprising the steps of:
the methanol in the methanol storage tank (1) is sent to the burner heating module (22) through the second methanol metering pump (20), meanwhile, the air in the external environment is sent to the first intercooler (19) through the first air compressor (18) to be cooled and then sent to the burner heating module (22), the methanol and the air burn in the burner heating module (22) to heat conduction oil, and the heat conduction oil pump (23) is utilized to preheat the evaporator (7), the reactor (8) and the purifier (9);
the cooling water pump (33) is started, tail gas generated by the burner heat supply module (22) is cooled by the heat exchanger (10), meanwhile, heat absorbed by the heat exchanger (10) is sent to the hot water storage tank (38) to heat domestic water, and redundant heat is emitted to the external environment through the heat radiation module (39);
the first methanol metering pump (2) and the pure water metering pump (30) are started, methanol and water entering the mixing tank (4) are mixed to prepare a methanol mixed solution, the methanol mixed solution is sequentially conveyed to the preheater (6) for preheating, the evaporator (7) for vaporization, the reactor (8) for hydrogen production and the purifier (9) for purification through the mixed solution metering pump (5), and finally the produced high-purity hydrogen is sequentially cooled through the preheater (6), re-cooled through the heat exchanger (10), pressurized through the pressurizer (11) and stored in the hydrogen buffer tank (12);
the hydrogen in the hydrogen buffer tank (12) is sent to the fuel cell stack (16) after the pressure is regulated by the pressure reducing valve (14), the air in the external environment is sent to the second intercooler (25) for cooling and the humidifier (26) for humidification by the second air compressor (24), part of the air is sent to the fuel cell stack (16), and the hydrogen and the air are subjected to electrochemical reaction in the fuel cell stack (16) to generate electric energy, heat energy, tail gas and water;
the electrical energy is converted into alternating current by DC/AC (17); part of the heat energy heats the cooling water and then is sent to a hot water storage tank (38), and the rest heat energy is dissipated to the external environment through a heat dissipation module (39); the tail gas on the cathode side of the fuel cell stack (16) is dehydrated through a humidifier (26) and separated by a first steam-water separator (27), the generated water is sent to a pure water storage tank (29), and unreacted tail gas is discharged to the external environment; after the tail gas on the anode side of the fuel cell stack (16) passes through the second steam-water separator (42), the separated generated water is sent to the pure water storage tank (29), part of the separated gas is sent to the fuel cell stack (16) for auxiliary drainage through the hydrogen circulating pump (15), and the other part of the separated gas is sent to the burner heating module (22) for burning and heating.
4. A high energy efficient fuel cell cogeneration method according to claim 3, wherein the high Wen Wei exhaust fumes produced by the burner heating module (22) provide heat to the preheater (6) and the heat exchanger (10): preheating the methanol mixed solution for the heat energy provided by the preheater (6); the heat energy provided for the heat exchanger (10) heats the cooling water in the cooling water tank (32).
5. The cogeneration method of an energy efficient fuel cell of claim 4, wherein the high temperature hydrogen separated by the purifier (9) provides heat to the preheater (6) and the heat exchanger (10): preheating the methanol mixed solution for the heat energy provided by the preheater (6); the heat energy provided for the heat exchanger (10) heats the cooling water in the cooling water tank (32).
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| CN117393816B (en) * | 2023-12-11 | 2024-03-12 | 武汉氢能与燃料电池产业技术研究院有限公司 | Fuel cell cogeneration device and heat supply method |
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