CN116037153A - 加氢脱氯催化剂及其工艺 - Google Patents
加氢脱氯催化剂及其工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116037153A CN116037153A CN202310004114.2A CN202310004114A CN116037153A CN 116037153 A CN116037153 A CN 116037153A CN 202310004114 A CN202310004114 A CN 202310004114A CN 116037153 A CN116037153 A CN 116037153A
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- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- metal
- alkaline earth
- hydrodechlorination
- alkali
- Prior art date
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- Pending
Links
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000002354 inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- GPAKJVMKNDXBHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,6-trichloropyridine Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(Cl)C(Cl)=N1 GPAKJVMKNDXBHH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- MAKFMOSBBNKPMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dichloropyridine Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CN=C1Cl MAKFMOSBBNKPMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- GCTFDMFLLBCLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-dichloropyridine Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(Cl)N=C1 GCTFDMFLLBCLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 alkaline earth metal salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010301 surface-oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001508 alkali metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001963 alkali metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001615 alkaline earth metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001860 alkaline earth metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001964 alkaline earth metal nitrate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000975 co-precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims 7
- 229910001854 alkali hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 28
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 description 10
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 7
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 6
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- FILKGCRCWDMBKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-dichloropyridine Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC(Cl)=N1 FILKGCRCWDMBKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OKDGRDCXVWSXDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloropyridine Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=N1 OKDGRDCXVWSXDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PWRBCZZQRRPXAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloropyridine Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CN=C1 PWRBCZZQRRPXAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004280 Sodium formate Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012279 sodium borohydride Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000033 sodium borohydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 4
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium formate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C=O HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 235000019254 sodium formate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000008139 complexing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 229940045803 cuprous chloride Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002715 modification method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical group C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000007529 inorganic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N (2s)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid;(2s)-2-hydroxybutanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O.NCCCC[C@H](N)C(O)=O NWZSZGALRFJKBT-KNIFDHDWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000005753 chloropyridines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006298 dechlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrazine monohydrate Substances O.NN IKDUDTNKRLTJSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012450 pharmaceutical intermediate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000011118 potassium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- SONJTKJMTWTJCT-UHFFFAOYSA-K rhodium(iii) chloride Chemical group [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Rh+3] SONJTKJMTWTJCT-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
- B01J23/8933—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals also combined with metals, or metal oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36
- B01J23/8946—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals also combined with metals, or metal oxides or hydroxides provided for in groups B01J23/02 - B01J23/36 with alkali or alkaline earth metals
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/70—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper
- B01J23/89—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the iron group metals or copper combined with noble metals
- B01J23/8926—Copper and noble metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/61—Halogen atoms or nitro radicals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Pyridine Compounds (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
Abstract
加氢脱氯催化剂及其工艺。一种加氢脱氯催化剂,所述催化剂具有通式:A/Z,其中A是加氢脱氯催化剂;Z包括多孔碳基质和金属助剂烧制成的改性多孔活性炭载体,所述金属助剂包括碱金属或碱土金属中的一种或几种,以载体Z的重量计,金属助剂的含量为0.1‑5%,通过电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP‑AES)方法进行测定。
Description
技术领域
本申请涉及一种催化剂,它可用于催化2,3,6-三氯吡啶加氢脱氯制备2,3-二氯吡啶联产2,5-二氯吡啶。该催化剂具有活性高、产率高的特点,并且制备方法简单。
背景技术
含氯吡啶如2,3-二氯吡啶、2,5-二氯吡啶均为重要的农药、医药中间体,市场需求量日益增加。通过2,3,6-三氯吡啶加氢脱氯制备2,3-二氯吡啶是目前主要的生产路线之一。已有多篇专利(如CN107056688A,CN107721913A,CN102153507A,CN108380208A,CN112479990A)对该生产路线进行了报道,这些专利都具有很高的2,3,6-三氯吡啶转化率,其加氢产物为2,3-二氯吡啶,其他副产物很少,因此无法获得高质量的2,5-二氯吡啶。CN101709050B也报道了采用2,3,6-三氯吡啶为原料加氢脱氯制备2,5-二氯吡啶的反应路线,该路线无法获得高质量的2,3-二氯吡啶,同时在反应过程中需要消耗大量的锌粉,并且反应后生成的氯化锌废渣难以处理,极大的增加了生产成本。
综合上述,现有报道的催化剂和反应工艺无法满足同时制备2,3-二氯吡啶和2,5-二氯吡啶。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种加氢脱氯催化剂,其可以联合生产2,3-二氯吡啶和2,5-二氯吡啶。
本发明第一方面提供了一种加氢脱氯催化剂,所述催化剂具有通式:
A/Z
其中A是加氢脱氯催化剂活性成分;
Z包括多孔碳基质和金属助剂烧制成的改性多孔活性炭载体,所述金属助剂包括碱金属或碱土金属中的一种或几种,以载体Z的重量计,金属助剂的含量为0.1-5%,通过电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)方法进行测定。
本申请第二方面提供了一种制备加氢脱氯催化剂的方法,所述方法包括:
(1)将多孔碳基质和金属助剂烧制成改性多孔活性炭载体Z,所述金属助剂包括碱金属或碱土金属中的一种或几种,以载体Z的重量计,金属助剂的含量为0.1-5%,通过电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)方法进行测定;
(2)将加氢脱氯催化剂活性成分A负载在上述载体Z上。
本申请另一方面涉及一种以2,3,6-三氯吡啶为原料制备2,3-二氯吡啶和2,5-二氯吡啶的方法,它包括:
提供本申请所述加氢脱氯催化剂;
使反应物2,3,6-三氯吡啶与氢气在所述催化剂存在下反应。
本发明还有一方面涉及上述加氢脱氯催化剂在2,3,6-三氯吡啶加氢脱氯制备2,3-二氯吡啶和2,5-二氯吡啶中的用途。
具体实施方式
本申请一方面提供了一种加氢脱氯催化剂,所述催化剂具有通式:
A/Z
其中A是加氢脱氯催化剂;
Z包括多孔碳基质和金属助剂烧制成的改性多孔活性炭载体,所述金属助剂包括碱金属或碱土金属中的一种或几种,以载体Z的重量计,金属助剂的含量为0.1-5%,通过电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)方法进行测定。
1、载体Z
本申请加氢脱氯催化剂使用的载体是经金属助剂改性的多孔碳载体,它是由多孔碳基体和金属助剂改性后经焙烧制成的。
适用于本申请加氢脱氯催化剂载体的多孔碳基体无特别的限值,可以是本领域已知的作为加氢脱氯催化剂载体的多孔碳载体,例如椰壳炭、煤质碳、果壳碳、沥青碳等一种或多种混合物等,还可以采用现有技术已知的碳纤维、碳纳米管、酚醛树脂等多孔碳化物或元素掺杂碳化物。
在本申请加氢脱氯催化剂的多孔碳载体可以进行表面氧化改性,以提高其亲水性、比表面积和孔分布等。在本申请的一个实例中,所述表面氧化改性方法包括将待改性的多孔碳载体加入到稀硝酸(例如1-20%,优选2-15%,更优选5-12%)中,于40-200℃(优选50-150℃,更优选60-120℃,还要优选70-100℃)下持续搅拌。当反应结束后,可以用去离子水抽滤洗涤至中性并抽滤、干燥,最后得到处理好的载体。需要说明的是,适用的表面氧化改性方法无特别的限值,可以是本领域已知的常规方法。
本申请加氢脱氯催化剂的多孔碳载体经过金属助剂负载进行进一步改性。适用的金属助剂包括碱金属和碱土金属中的一种或多种。在本申请的一个实例中,所述改性方法包括:将多孔碳载体加入到碱金属和/或碱土金属盐溶液中,然后焙烧0.5-12小时。所述多孔碳载体在碱金属和/或碱土金属盐溶液中优选静置1-24小时,优选4-12小时。所述焙烧的温度通常为300-700℃,优选400-600℃,还要优选450-550℃。所述焙烧时间优选为2-6小时。在本申请的一个实例中,所述焙烧是在惰性气氛中进行的。
所述金属助剂为碱金属或碱土金属的一种或几种,按重量计占比0.1-5%,优选0.1-1%,可通过ICP-AES(电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法)进行测定。
所述碱金属和/或碱土金属盐包括但不限于碱金属和/或碱土金属卤化物(优选氯化物)、碱金属和/或碱土金属硫酸盐、碱金属和/或碱土金属碳酸盐、碱金属和/或碱土金属硝酸盐、碱金属和/或碱土金属醋酸盐和碱金属和/或碱土金属氢氧化物。
所述碱金属包括但不限于锂、钠、钾和铯。所述碱土金属包括但不限于铍(Be)、镁(Mg)、钙(Ca)、锶(Sr)和钡(Ba)。
2、催化剂活性成分A
本申请催化剂中的活性组分可以是本领域常用的加氢脱氯。在本申请的一个实例中,所述活性成分A具有通式:
αM-βN
其中,M是选自Ni、Pd、Ir、Rh、Pt或其两种或更多种的混合物的金属元素;
N是选自Cu、Co、Fe或其两种或三种的混合物的金属;
α是以催化剂的总重量计,金属元素M的百分含量,为0.1-10wt%,较好为0.2-9wt%,更好为0.5-8.5wt%;
β是以催化剂的总重量计,金属元素N的百分含量,为0.2-3wt%,较好为0.5-2.8wt%,更好为0.8-2.5wt%。
在本发明的一个较好实例中,催化剂中M元素与N元素的摩尔比α/β为1:5-10:1,优选1:2-3:1。
所述金属M和N可以以金属单质和/或金属氧化物的形式存在于催化剂中。以加氢脱氯催化剂载体的重量计,所述活性组分的总量占比0.5-10%,优选1-5%。
本申请第二个方面提供了一种制备加氢脱氯催化剂的方法,所述方法包括:
(1)将多孔碳基质和金属助剂烧制成改性多孔活性炭载体Z,所述金属助剂包括碱金属或碱土金属中的一种或几种,以载体Z的重量计,金属助剂的含量为0.1-5%,通过电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)方法进行测定;
(2)将加氢脱氯催化剂活性成分A负载在上述载体Z上。
制备所述多孔活性炭载体Z可参见本文的前面部分。
将催化剂活性成分A负载在所述载体Z上的方法并无特别限制,可以是本领域已知的常规方法。在本发明的一个实例中,采用液相还原法、浸渍法、沉积沉淀法或共沉淀法制备本发明催化剂。
在本申请的一个实例中,所述液相还原法包括:将络合剂加入到催化活性金属前驱体的溶液(例如水溶液)中;然后将该溶液加入到载体Z的悬浮液中;然后加入还原剂得到目标催化剂。
本申请所述催化活性金属前驱体可以是催化活性金属的硝酸盐、卤化物(例如氯化物)、醋酸盐等常见金属盐类;络合剂可以是柠檬酸、柠檬酸钠、EDTA等常见络合剂;还原剂可以是硼氢化钠、水合肼、甲酸、甲醛、氢气等常见还原剂。所述还原的温度范围为0-90℃,优选5-40℃;还原时间1-24h,优选4-12h。
本申请另一方面涉及一种以2,3,6-三氯吡啶为原料制备2,3-二氯吡啶和2,5-二氯吡啶的方法,它包括:
提供本申请所述加氢脱氯催化剂;
使反应物2,3,6-三氯吡啶与氢气在所述催化剂存在下反应。
3、加氢脱氯反应
本申请催化剂可使原料2,3,6-三氯吡啶反应为2,3-二氯吡啶和2,5-二氯吡啶,并且具有较高的2,3-二氯吡啶和2,5-二氯吡啶收率。
采用本发明催化剂将2,3,6-三氯吡啶加氢脱氯制备2,3-二氯吡啶的方法无特别的限制,可以是本领域已知的方法,例如,可采用CN107056688A(该专利文献以引用的方法插入本文作为本发明的一部分)公开的方法进行2,3,6-三氯吡啶加氢脱氯制备2,3-二氯吡啶和2,5-二氯吡啶的反应。
在本申请的一个实例中,所述以2,3,6-三氯吡啶为原料制备2,3-二氯吡啶和2,5-二氯吡啶的方法包括将原料、溶剂、催化剂、缚酸剂(有机胺、有机碱或无机碱)混合悬浮液加入高压反应釜中,在10-120℃、0.1-3Mpa下通入氢气并持续搅拌进行反应,当反应结束后过滤、分离,得到2,3-二氯吡啶和2,5-二氯吡啶产品。
上述工艺中,所述的混合溶剂体系中的溶剂包括水、醇类、醚类、酯类中的一种或几种,优选醇类。
上述工艺中,所述醇类为甲醇、乙醇或异丙醇,所示醚类为四氢呋喃,所述酰胺类为DMF,优选甲醇。
上述工艺中,所述有机胺包括三乙胺、吡啶,所述有机碱包括甲酸钠、乙酸钠钠,所述无机碱包括氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢钾。
上述工艺中,所述的缚酸剂和2,3,6-三氯吡啶的物质的量比例为0.5-3,优选0.6-1.5。
上述工艺中,所述的反应温度范围为10-120℃,压力范围0.1-3MPa,优选温度范围30-60℃,优选压力范围0.3-1MPa。
上述工艺中,所述催化剂与原料的质量百分比范围为0.01%-5%,优选0.05-2%。
本发明还有一方面涉及上述加氢脱氯催化剂在2,3,6-三氯吡啶加氢脱氯制备2,3-二氯吡啶和2,5-二氯吡啶中的用途。
实施例
以下结合具体实例帮助进一步理解本发明,但本发明的保护范围并不限于此。
实施例1
将15g煤质活性炭加入500mL三口烧瓶中,加入300mL10%的稀硝酸,于80℃下持续搅拌2h,搅拌转速为200rpm。当反应结束后,用去离子水抽滤洗涤至中性。将抽滤好的活性炭至于120℃的烘箱中干燥过夜,最后得到改性好的载体。
将0.6g氯化镁固体溶解到100ml水溶液中,加入15g上述改性好的载体,搅拌30min后静置吸附12小时。抽滤并干燥,将干燥好的载体于400℃氮气气氛下焙烧4小时后,得到进一步改性好的载体。
将0.1005g氯化钯、0.1074g氯化亚铜和2.064g柠檬酸钠溶解在50ml水中,随后加入2g进一步改性好的活性炭载体形成悬浮液,随后搅拌半小时。向混合好的悬浮液中加入30ml硼氢化钠溶液(0.5M),在25℃下持续搅拌还原6h,最后抽滤、洗涤、真空干燥,得到催化剂C1。
实施例2
将15g煤质活性炭加入500mL三口烧瓶中,加入300mL10%的稀硝酸,于80℃下持续搅拌2h,搅拌转速为200rpm。当反应结束后,用去离子水抽滤洗涤至中性。将抽滤好的活性炭至于120℃的烘箱中干燥过夜,最后得到改性好的载体。
将0.42g氯化钙固体溶解到100ml水溶液中,加入15g上述改性好的载体,搅拌30min后静置吸附12小时。抽滤并干燥,将干燥好的载体于400℃氮气气氛下焙烧4小时后,得到进一步改性好的载体。
将0.1333g氯化钯、0.0537g氯化亚铜和2.064g柠檬酸钠溶解在50ml水中,随后加入2g进一步改性好的活性炭载体形成悬浮液,随后搅拌半小时。向混合好的悬浮液中加入30ml硼氢化钠溶液(0.5M),在25℃下持续搅拌还原6h,最后抽滤、洗涤、真空干燥,得到催化剂C2。
实施例3
将15g椰壳活性炭加入500mL三口烧瓶中,加入300mL10%的稀硝酸,于60℃下持续搅拌3h,搅拌转速为200rpm。当反应结束后,用去离子水抽滤洗涤至中性。将抽滤好的活性炭至于120℃的烘箱中干燥过夜,最后得到改性好的载体。
将0.067g氯化钯、0.2148g氯化亚铜和2.064g柠檬酸钠溶解在70ml水中,随后加入2g改性好的活性炭载体形成悬浮液,随后搅拌半小时。向混合好的悬浮液中加入10ml硼氢化钠溶液(80wt%),在25℃下持续搅拌还原6h,最后抽滤、洗涤、真空干燥,得到催化剂C3。
对比例4
按照专利CN110961110B中的实施例5进行制备,其中氯化铑替换为氯化钯,并且Pd负载量为3wt%,其余不变,得到催化剂C4。
实施例5
向500ml高压反应釜中加入135g乙醇和108g水形成混合液,加入10g2,3,6-三氯吡啶和5.6g甲酸钠,搅拌15min后加入1g催化剂C1,然后于40℃、0.5Mpa下搅拌反应8小时后结束。反应结果如下:2,3,6-三氯吡啶转化率81%,2,3-二氯吡啶选择性65.6%,2,5-二氯吡啶选择性22.3%,2,6-二氯吡啶4.9%,3-氯吡啶3.4%,2-氯吡啶1.2%,吡啶选择性2.6%。
实施例6
向500ml高压反应釜中加入135g甲醇和108g水形成混合液,加入10g2,3,6-三氯吡啶和5.6g甲酸钠,搅拌15min后加入1g催化剂C2,然后于40℃、0.5Mpa下搅拌反应8小时后结束。反应结果如下:2,3,6-三氯吡啶转化率87%,2,3-二氯吡啶选择性71.7%,2,5-二氯吡啶选择性13.6%,2,6-二氯吡啶5.6%,3-氯吡啶4.2%,2-氯吡啶1.8%,吡啶选择性3.1%。
实施例7
向500ml高压反应釜中加入222g乙醇,加入10g 2,3,6-三氯吡啶和8.4g三乙胺,搅拌15min后加入1g催化剂C3,然后于60℃、0.8Mpa下搅拌反应8小时后结束。反应结果如下:2,3,6-三氯吡啶转化率64%,2,3-二氯吡啶选择性52.8%,2,5-二氯吡啶选择性28.9%,2,6-二氯吡啶7.9%,3-氯吡啶5.1%,2-氯吡啶2.4%,吡啶选择性2.9%。
对比例8
向500ml高压反应釜中加入135g乙醇和108g水形成混合液,加入10g2,3,6-三氯吡啶和5.6g甲酸钠,搅拌15min后加入1g催化剂C1,然后于40℃、0.5Mpa下搅拌反应8小时后结束。反应结果如下:2,3,6-三氯吡啶转化率62%,2,3-二氯吡啶选择性80.1%,2,5-二氯吡啶选择性8.9%,2,6-二氯吡啶5.9%,3-氯吡啶3.1%,2-氯吡啶1.2%,吡啶选择性0.8%。
Claims (10)
1.一种加氢脱氯催化剂,所述催化剂具有通式:
A/Z
其中A是加氢脱氯催化剂;
Z包括多孔碳基质和金属助剂烧制成的改性多孔活性炭载体,所述金属助剂包括碱金属或碱土金属中的一种或几种,以载体Z的重量计,金属助剂的含量为0.1-5%,通过电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)方法进行测定。
2.如权利要求1所述的加氢脱氯催化剂,其特征在于,所述多孔碳基体包括椰壳炭、煤质碳、果壳碳、沥青碳等一种或多种混合物。
3.如权利要求1所述的加氢脱氯催化剂,其特征在于,所述多孔碳载体进行表面氧化改性,以提高其亲水性、比表面积和孔分布。
4.如权利要求1所述的加氢脱氯催化剂,其特征在于,所述改性多孔活性炭载体是如下制备的:将多孔碳载体加入到碱金属和/或碱土金属盐溶液中,然后焙烧0.5-12小时。
5.如权利要求1所述的加氢脱氯催化剂,其特征在于,所述碱金属和/或碱土金属盐包括碱金属和/或碱土金属卤化物(优选氯化物)、碱金属和/或碱土金属硫酸盐、碱金属和/或碱土金属碳酸盐、碱金属和/或碱土金属硝酸盐、碱金属和/或碱土金属醋酸盐和碱金属和/或碱土金属氢氧化物。
6.如权利要求1所述的加氢脱氯催化剂,其特征在于,所述催化剂活性成分A具有通式:
αM-βN
其中,M是选自Ni、Pd、Ir、Rh、Pt或其两种或更多种的混合物的金属元素;
N是选自Cu、Co、Fe或其两种或三种的混合物的金属;
α是以催化剂的总重量计,金属元素M的百分含量,为0.1-10wt%,较好为0.2-9wt%,更好为0.5-8.5wt%;
β是以催化剂的总重量计,金属元素N的百分含量,为0.2-3wt%,较好为0.5-2.8wt%,更好为0.8-2.5wt%。
7.一种制备加氢脱氯催化剂的方法,所述方法包括:
(1)将多孔碳基质和金属助剂烧制成改性多孔活性炭载体Z,所述金属助剂包括碱金属或碱土金属中的一种或几种,以载体Z的重量计,金属助剂的含量为0.1-5%,通过电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)方法进行测定;
(2)将加氢脱氯催化剂活性成分A负载在上述载体Z上。
8.如权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,将催化剂活性成分A负载在所述载体Z上的方法包括液相还原法、浸渍法、沉积沉淀法或共沉淀法。
9.一种以2,3,6-三氯吡啶为原料制备2,3-二氯吡啶和2,5-二氯吡啶的方法,它包括:
提供权利要求1-5中任一项所述的加氢脱氯催化剂;
使反应物2,3,6-三氯吡啶与氢气在所述催化剂存在下反应。
10.权利要求1-6中任一项所述加氢脱氯催化剂在2,3,6-三氯吡啶加氢脱氯制备2,3-二氯吡啶和2,5-二氯吡啶中的用途。
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