CN115232345B - Scattering type intelligent temperature control film - Google Patents
Scattering type intelligent temperature control film Download PDFInfo
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- CN115232345B CN115232345B CN202210967167.XA CN202210967167A CN115232345B CN 115232345 B CN115232345 B CN 115232345B CN 202210967167 A CN202210967167 A CN 202210967167A CN 115232345 B CN115232345 B CN 115232345B
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
- C08J7/04—Coating
- C08J7/042—Coating with two or more layers, where at least one layer of a composition contains a polymer binder
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D133/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D133/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
- C09D133/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, the oxygen atom being present only as part of the carboxyl radical
- C09D133/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of methacrylic acid esters
- C09D133/12—Homopolymers or copolymers of methyl methacrylate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
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- C09D7/48—Stabilisers against degradation by oxygen, light or heat
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
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- C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
- E06B9/26—Lamellar or like blinds, e.g. venetian blinds
- E06B9/266—Devices or accessories for making or mounting lamellar blinds or parts thereof
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
- E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
- E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
- E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
- E06B9/26—Lamellar or like blinds, e.g. venetian blinds
- E06B9/38—Other details
- E06B9/386—Details of lamellae
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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- C08J2367/02—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2433/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2433/04—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers esters
- C08J2433/06—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Derivatives of such polymers esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, the oxygen atom being present only as part of the carboxyl radical
- C08J2433/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of methacrylic acid esters
- C08J2433/12—Homopolymers or copolymers of methyl methacrylate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a scattering type intelligent temperature control film which is applied to wall surfaces, windows and roof skylights and comprises a transparent substrate, an array structure layer and an ultraviolet absorption layer. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the window in summer has lower sunlight transmittance, and the wall surface has lower sunlight absorptivity; the window in winter has higher sunlight transmittance and the wall surface has higher sunlight absorptivity; can realize the effect of warm in winter and cool in summer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of building energy-saving films, in particular to a scattering type intelligent temperature control film.
Background
For winter-cold-summer-hot areas, the window needs to pass less sunlight in summer, and the wall surface needs to absorb less sunlight so as to avoid temperature rise caused by the influence of solar irradiation in the room; in winter, more sunlight needs to pass through the window, and more sunlight needs to be absorbed by the wall surface, so that the indoor temperature is increased by utilizing solar irradiation. The louver can control the amount of incident sunlight by adjusting the rotation angle of the blades. However, the louver has the defects of more adopted raw materials, higher cost, easiness in dust accumulation, difficulty in installation, increased resistance to wind and the like, and the sunlight absorptivity of a common wall and a roof is fixed and cannot change along with the air temperature. Improvements are therefore needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the technical defects, and provides the scattering intelligent temperature control film, corresponding intelligent temperature control films are stuck on the south of a building in a northern hemisphere, the north of a building in a southern hemisphere and the roof of the southern hemisphere, so that the effect of warmness in winter and coolness in summer can be realized, namely, a window in summer has lower sunlight transmittance, and a wall surface has lower sunlight absorptivity; the window in winter has higher sunlight transmittance and the wall surface has higher sunlight absorptivity.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a scattering type intelligent temperature control membrane, is applied to including transparent substrate, array structure layer and ultraviolet absorbed layer when wall window and roof skylight, includes transparent substrate, array structure layer, ultraviolet absorbed layer and light-absorbing layer when being applied to wall and light-proof roof, array structure layer by light-transmitting unit and the periodic alternating horizontal miniature stripe of distribution of scattering unit constitute, array structure layer has periodicity in single direction, the cycle is in 1 micron-1000 microns scope. The light transmission unit is of a high light transmission structure and has a sunlight transmittance of more than 60%. The scattering unit is of a multiphase structure, the overall solar light transmittance of the scattering unit is 3% -50%, and the solar light absorptivity is less than 20%. In the cross section of the array structure layer, an inclination angle alpha is formed between the scattering unit and the plane of the film;
when the scattering intelligent temperature control film is applied to a wall surface and a window on the wall surface, the inclination angle alpha of the periodic scattering unit and the film plane is equal to the latitude theta plus 23.5 degrees;
when the scattering type intelligent temperature control film is applied to a skylight and an opaque roof, the inclination angle alpha of the periodic scattering unit and the film plane is equal to 66.5 degrees minus the latitude theta.
Further, when the scattering intelligent temperature control film is applied to a wall surface and a window on the wall surface, and when the height of a periodic scattering unit in an array structural layer is H, the period P of the periodic scattering unit is Hsinα/tan (theta-23.5 degrees) -Hcos α, (Hsinα/tan (theta-23.5 degrees) -Hcos α)/N or (Hsinα/tan (theta-23.5 degrees) -Hcos α) N, wherein N is a positive integer.
Further, when the scattering type intelligent temperature control film is applied to a skylight and an opaque roof, and the height of a periodic scattering unit in an array structural layer is H, the period P of the periodic scattering unit is Hcos alpha-Hsin alpha-tan (theta-23.5 degrees), or (Hcos alpha-Hsin alpha-tan (theta-23.5 degrees)), N, wherein N is a positive integer.
Further, the thickness of the array structure layer is 1-2000 micrometers, the scattering unit is composed of a scattering matrix and a scattering factor, the material of the scattering matrix is one or a combination of a plurality of PET, PMMA, PU, HDPE, ABS, PVA, PS, MS, PC, EAA, EMMA, and the scattering factor is one or a combination of a plurality of inorganic particles of titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, zinc oxide, barium sulfate or organic particles PET, PMMA, PU, HDPE, ABS, PVA, PS, MS, PC, EAA, EMMA or air holes. The material of the light-transmitting unit is one of PET, PMMA, PU, HDPE, ABS, PVA, PS, MS, PC, EAA, EMMA.
Further, the preparation method of the array structure layer includes that a groove is manufactured on a polymer matrix by a micro-nano imprinting method through a die, the groove structure is made of a light-transmitting material or a scattering material, and then materials with opposite optical properties are filled into the groove to obtain a complete array structure layer, and the specific imprinting method is ultraviolet imprinting or hot imprinting.
Further, the thickness of the transparent substrate layer is 5-500 micrometers, and the transparent substrate layer is one of PET, PMMA, PU, HDPE, ABS, PVA, PS, MS, PC, EAA, EMMA or glass.
Further, the ultraviolet absorbing layer is composed of a polymer film layer added with an ultraviolet absorber, and the overall absorptivity of the ultraviolet absorbing layer to ultraviolet rays in sunlight is more than or equal to 60%. The ultraviolet absorbing layer is formed as a separate layer from or in addition to the array structure layer. When the scattering type intelligent temperature control film is installed, the ultraviolet absorption layer is positioned on the outermost layer of the whole film, and sunlight sequentially passes through the ultraviolet absorption layer, the array structure layer, the transparent substrate and the light absorption layer of the film.
Further, the total solar light absorptivity of the light absorbing layer is more than or equal to 60%. The light absorbing layer is formed as a separate layer from or separate from the transparent substrate. The light absorption layer is composed of transparent resin and one or more of carbon black, black essence, silver black essence and silver gray essence. When the scattering type intelligent temperature control film is installed, the light absorption layer is positioned at the innermost layer of the whole film.
Furthermore, the latitude of the area where the scattering intelligent temperature control film is applied is in the range of 23.5-66.5 degrees, specifically the south of the northern hemisphere building, the north of the southern hemisphere building and the roof of the southern hemisphere.
Furthermore, the outer surface of the transparent substrate is modified by organic silicon or fluorocarbon to realize the hydrophobic self-cleaning characteristic of the surface.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the intelligent temperature control film has a unique array structure, and can realize angle selective scattering of sunlight, so that the sunlight is selectively shielded. By utilizing the characteristic that the sunlight height angle at any time in winter is far lower than the corresponding sunlight height angle at certain time in summer, the window in winter has higher sunlight transmittance, the wall surface in winter and the light-proof roof have higher sunlight absorptivity, the window in summer has lower sunlight transmittance, and the wall surface in summer and the light-proof roof have lower sunlight absorptivity, namely the effect of being warm in winter and cool in summer.
The temperature control film adopted by the application is manufactured by adopting the micro-nano imprinting method, has the advantages of high production speed, high efficiency and low cost, realizes sunshade by scattering (diffuse reflection) sunlight, has a window film ratio with specular reflection, and avoids light pollution.
The application can be constructed through the mode of pasting, can convenient and fast reform transform old house, and accuse temperature window membrane surface is level and smooth, through hydrophobic modification, is difficult to deposit the dust, even has deposited the dust, also is convenient for wash or scrub. Compared with the traditional fixed shutter, the fixed shutter has no abrupt sense and is more beautiful and scientific.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structure of a window to which the present invention is applied to a wall.
Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structure of the present invention applied to an opaque wall.
Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional structure of the present invention applied to a sunroof.
Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the present invention applied to an opaque roof.
Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the present invention applied to a south window in beijing (40 ° north latitude).
Fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional structure of the present invention applied to a southern wall in beijing (40 ° north latitude).
Fig. 7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the horizontal skylight of the present invention applied in Beijing area (40 ° north latitude).
Fig. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the present invention applied to a horizontal opaque roof in beijing (40 ° north latitude).
As shown in the figure: 1. transparent substrate, 2. Light transmitting unit, 3. Scattering unit, 4. Ultraviolet absorbing layer, 5. Light absorbing layer, 6. Light transmitting unit of south window of Beijing area, 7. Light transmitting unit of south window of Beijing area, 8. Light transmitting unit of south wall of Beijing area, 10. Light transmitting unit of south wall of Beijing area, 11. Light transmitting unit of south wall of Beijing area, 12. Light transmitting unit of horizontal skylight of Beijing area, 13. Light transmitting unit of horizontal skylight of Beijing area, 14. Light transmitting unit of horizontal skylight of Beijing area, 15. Light transmitting unit of horizontal lightproof roof of Beijing area, 16. Light transmitting unit of horizontal lightproof roof of Beijing area, 17. Light transmitting unit of horizontal roof of Beijing area forms the angle with the membrane surface.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1-8, the main structure of the application applied to the window is a transparent substrate, an array structure layer and an ultraviolet absorbing layer, and the main structure of the application applied to the wall surface is a transparent substrate, an array structure layer, an ultraviolet absorbing layer and an light absorbing layer, wherein the array structure layer is similar to the structure applied to the window.
The transparent substrate is a colorless transparent flexible film such as PET, PMMA, PU, HDPE, ABS, PVA, PS, MS, PC, EAA, EMMA or a colorless transparent rigid substrate such as glass.
The array structure layer consists of transverse micro stripes in which light-transmitting units and scattering units are periodically and alternately distributed. The array structure layer has periodicity in a single direction, with a period in the range of 1 micron to 1000 microns.
The light transmission unit is of a high light transmission structure and has sunlight transmittance of more than 60%. The material of the light transmitting unit is one of PET, PMMA, PU, HDPE, ABS, PVA, PS, MS, PC, EAA, EMMA.
The scattering unit is a multiphase structure, i.e. comprises at least two phases with different refractive indices, a common combination of phases being a combination of a transparent scattering matrix and a scattering factor. The material of the scattering matrix is one or a combination of PET, PMMA, PU, HDPE, ABS, PVA, PS, MS, PC, EAA, EMMA. Common scattering factors are inorganic particles titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, zinc oxide, barium sulfate or organic particles PET, PMMA, PU, HDPE, ABS, PVA, PS, MS, PC, EAA, EMMA or combinations of one or more of the pores. The scattering element achieves a strong back-scattering effect of the light by means of the scattering factor.
In the cross section of the array structure layer, the basic shape of the scattering unit is trapezoid, rectangle, triangle or parallelogram, and the like, a certain angle is formed between the scattering unit and the plane of the film, and the specific inclination angle is determined according to the latitude and the orientation applied by the intelligent temperature control film.
The preparation method of the array structure layer comprises the steps of manufacturing a groove on a polymer matrix by a micro-nano imprinting method through a special die, forming a groove structure by a light-transmitting material or a scattering material, and filling the groove with a material with opposite optical properties to obtain a complete array structure layer. Specific embossing methods are ultraviolet embossing or hot embossing, etc. The mold material is Si, ni, quartz or PDMS.
The ultraviolet absorbing layer is composed of a polymer film layer added with an ultraviolet absorber, and the overall absorptivity of the ultraviolet absorbing layer to ultraviolet rays in sunlight is more than or equal to 80%. The ultraviolet absorbing layer is formed as a separate layer from or in addition to the array structure layer. When the scattering type intelligent temperature control film is installed, the ultraviolet absorption layer is positioned on the outermost layer of the whole film, and sunlight sequentially passes through the ultraviolet absorption layer, the array structure layer, the transparent substrate and the light absorption layer of the film.
The total solar light absorptivity of the light absorption layer is more than or equal to 60 percent. The light absorbing layer is formed as a separate layer from or separate from the transparent substrate. The light absorption layer is composed of transparent resin and one or more of carbon black, black essence, silver black essence and silver gray essence. When the scattering type intelligent temperature control film is installed, the light absorption layer is positioned at the innermost layer of the whole film.
The surface of the intelligent temperature control film is modified by organic silicon or fluorocarbon, so that the hydrophobic self-cleaning characteristic of the surface is realized.
The cross section of the scattering type intelligent temperature control film applied to the wall surface window is shown in fig. 1, in the area that the latitude of the north/south hemisphere is 23.5-66.5 degrees, when the window is positioned on the right-south vertical wall of the north hemisphere or the right-north vertical wall of the south hemisphere, the inclination angle alpha of the periodic scattering unit and the film plane is equal to the latitude theta+23.5 degrees, so that the window is guaranteed to have the highest sunlight transmittance in winter to noon. When the film is manufactured and applied in actual production, various angle errors can occur, and the condition that the film deviates by a certain angle if the principle is the same as that of the patent also belongs to the protection scope of the patent. The inclination angle alpha of the periodic scattering unit is a core key point protected by the patent. When the height of the scattering unit is H, the period P of the periodic scattering unit is preferably Hsin alpha/tan (theta-23.5 DEG) -Hcos alpha in order to ensure the lowest solar transmittance in noon in summer. Furthermore, P is preferably (Hsin alpha/tan (θ -23.5 °) -Hcos alpha)/N or (Hsin alpha/tan (θ -23.5 °) -Hcos alpha). N, where N is a positive integer.
The cross section of the scattering type intelligent temperature control film applied to the wall is shown in fig. 2, the array structure in the scattering type intelligent temperature control film applied to the wall is similar to the array structure applied to a window, the inclination angle alpha and the height H of the periodic scattering unit meet the same relation with the period P, but the back surface of the intelligent temperature control film applied to the wall is provided with a light absorption film, and the existence of the light absorption film ensures that sunlight penetrating through the scattering array structure layer can be fully absorbed, so that the sunlight is converted into heat to be transferred into a room.
The cross section of the scattering type intelligent temperature control film applied to the skylight is shown in fig. 3, in a region with latitude of a south/north hemisphere being 23.5-66.5 degrees, when the window is in a horizontal state, the inclination angle alpha of the periodic scattering unit and the film surface is equal to 66.5 degrees to the latitude theta, so that the highest sunlight transmittance of the skylight is ensured in winter to noon, certain angle deviation can occur in the process of actually manufacturing and applying the film, and the condition that the deviation is at a certain angle belongs to the protection scope of the patent as long as the principle is the same as that of the patent. The inclination angle alpha of the periodic scattering unit is a core key point protected by the patent. When the height of the scattering unit is H, the period P of the periodic scattering unit is preferably Hcos alpha-Hsin alpha tan (theta-23.5 DEG) in order to ensure the minimum solar transmittance in noon in summer. Furthermore, P is preferably (Hcos alpha-Hsin alpha tan (θ -23.5 °))/N, or (Hcos alpha-Hsin alpha tan (θ -23.5 °)). N, where N is a positive integer.
The cross section of the scattering type intelligent temperature control film applied to the horizontal roof is shown in fig. 4, the array structure in the scattering type intelligent temperature control film of the horizontal roof is similar to the array structure when the scattering type intelligent temperature control film is applied to a horizontal skylight, the inclination angle alpha and the height H of the periodic scattering unit meet the same relation with the period P, but the back surface of the intelligent temperature control film applied to the horizontal roof is provided with a light absorption film, and the existence of the light absorption film ensures that sunlight penetrating through the scattering array structure layer can be fully absorbed, so that the sunlight is converted into heat to be transferred into a room.
The scattering type intelligent temperature control film has different light scattering capacities in different directions, and is warm in winter and cool in summer by utilizing the difference of solar altitude angles in different seasons. The design of the inclination angle alpha, the width L of the scattering unit and the period R ensures that the latitude is positioned in the region of 23.5-66.5 degrees of the south/north hemisphere in the summer to noon, the sunlight transmittance of the intelligent temperature control film on the northbound/southbound vertical window and the horizontal skylight is the lowest, and the sunlight absorptivity of the intelligent temperature control film on the northbound/southbound vertical wall and the horizontal roof is the lowest; the solar energy absorption rate of the intelligent temperature control film on the vertical window and the horizontal skylight in the north/south is highest, and the solar energy absorption rate of the intelligent temperature control film on the vertical wall and the horizontal roof in the north/south is highest.
According to the law of the change of the solar altitude along with seasons, the solar altitude is relatively close in a period of hours before and after the noon in a certain day of winter/summer, and the solar altitude at any time A (such as 2 pm in 15 days of 1 month) in winter is far lower than the solar altitude at a corresponding time B (equal to A+/-6 months, such as 2 pm in 15 days of 7 months) in summer. The change of the solar altitude between a/B at any time in winter/summer is similar to the change of the solar altitude at noon in winter/summer. Therefore, the solar transmittance (wall window and skylight)/absorptance (wall and roof) of the intelligent temperature control film at the time a is much higher than the solar transmittance (wall window and skylight)/absorptance (wall and roof) at the time B. The sunlight adjusting capability of the intelligent temperature control film with the structure has universality throughout the year.
The intelligent temperature control film structure design with the inclination angle alpha, the scattering unit height H and the period P is most applicable to the front and south vertical wall surface and window of the northern hemisphere, the front and north vertical wall surface and window of the southern hemisphere and the horizontal roof and skylight of the southern/northern hemisphere. The intelligent temperature control film has certain effects of warming in winter and cooling in summer for the front and the back non-vertical walls and windows of the northern hemisphere, the vertical and the non-vertical walls and windows facing southeast and southwest, and the non-horizontal roof and skylight. The intelligent temperature control film has certain effects of warming in winter and cooling in summer for non-vertical walls and windows on the north and the positive sides of the southern hemisphere, vertical and non-vertical walls and windows facing northeast and northwest, and non-horizontal roofs and skylights.
In this embodiment, the scattering intelligent temperature control film is mainly suitable for areas with distinct winter and summer heat and weather, and is located in areas outside the return line of north and south and within the polar circle of north and south in latitude, namely in areas with latitude of 23.5-66.5 ° in the north/south hemisphere. The application can be used for the outer surface of a building facing north, south and west of a northern hemisphere (comprising windows, walls and the like), the outer surface of a building facing north, north and east or north and west of a southern hemisphere (comprising windows, walls and the like), and the outer surface of a horizontal or inclined roof or skylight of the southern/northern hemisphere.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a scattering type intelligent temperature control film which is applied to a south window in Beijing area (40 DEG North latitude). A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the intelligent temperature control film of the south window is shown in FIG. 5. The inclination angle 8 of the scattering unit with respect to the film plane is equal to 63.5 deg.. The scattering element has a width W of 20 microns, a height H of 200 microns and a period P of 503 microns. The manufacturing method of the array structure comprises ultraviolet imprinting, namely uniformly coating liquid ultraviolet curing glue PMMA on transparent matrix PET with the thickness of 50 microns, moving to a special die position through a conveyor belt, extruding after applying pressure through the die, filling the ultraviolet curing glue PMMA into a die gap, irradiating for 10 minutes through ultraviolet light, curing the glue, and demoulding to form a light-transmitting array with a specific pattern. The scattering gel consisted of PMMA gel dispersed with 4% mass fraction of silica particles having an average size of 1500 nm. And (3) coating the scattering glue on the light-transmitting array, filling the scattering glue in gaps of the light-transmitting array, and performing ultraviolet curing for 15 minutes to obtain a complete array structure with alternately distributed scattering units and light-transmitting units. And (3) spreading a polymer distributed with 4% of ultraviolet absorbent by mass percent over the array structure layer by a doctor blade coating method, and curing to form an ultraviolet absorption layer with the thickness of 30 microns, wherein the total absorption rate of the ultraviolet absorption layer to ultraviolet rays in sunlight is 98%. The intelligent temperature control film is adhered to the outer surface of the south window glass, and when sunlight passes through the film, the sunlight passes through the ultraviolet absorption layer, the array structural layer and the transparent substrate. After the intelligent temperature control film is adhered, the window has the advantages of high sunlight transmittance in winter and low sunlight transmittance in summer.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a scattering type intelligent temperature control film which is applied to a south wall in Beijing area (40 ℃ in North latitude). A schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the intelligent temperature control film of the south wall is shown in FIG. 6. The inclination angle 13 of the scattering unit with respect to the film plane is equal to 63.5 deg.. The scattering element has a width W of 18 microns, a height H of 180 microns and a period P of 450 microns. The manufacturing method of the array structure is similar to that of an intelligent temperature control film of a south window, and the array structure is also subjected to ultraviolet imprinting, namely, liquid ultraviolet curing glue PMMA is uniformly coated on a transparent matrix PET with the thickness of 50 microns, the transparent matrix PET is moved to a special mold position through a conveyor belt, the transparent matrix PET is extruded after pressure is applied to the mold, the ultraviolet curing glue PMMA is filled in a mold gap, ultraviolet irradiation is carried out for 12 minutes, glue is cured, and a transparent array with a specific pattern is formed after demolding. And (3) coating the scattering glue on the light-transmitting array, filling the scattering glue in gaps of the light-transmitting array, and performing ultraviolet curing for 16 minutes to obtain a complete array structure with alternately distributed scattering units and light-transmitting units. The composition of the dispersion gel was the same as in example 1. The method for producing the ultraviolet absorbing layer was the same as in example 1. And finally, coating a layer of black light-absorbing glue on the other surface of the film in a blade coating mode to form a black light-absorbing film. The black light absorbing gel had a composition of 6% by mass of carbon black dispersed in PMMA. The absorption rate of the black light absorbing film to sunlight is as high as 88%. The intelligent temperature control film is adhered to the outer surface of a south wall, and sunlight sequentially passes through the ultraviolet absorption layer, the array structure layer, the transparent substrate layer and the light absorption layer when passing through the film. After the intelligent temperature control film is adhered, the window has the advantages of high sunlight absorptivity in winter and low sunlight absorptivity in summer.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a scattering type intelligent temperature control film, which is applied to a skylight in Beijing area (40 DEG North latitude), and the schematic diagram of the cross section structure of the intelligent temperature control film is shown in FIG. 7. The inclination angle 20 of the scattering unit with respect to the film surface is equal to 26.5 deg.. The scattering element has a height H of 200 micrometers, a width W of 20 micrometers and a period P of 154 micrometers. The manufacturing method of the array structure is a hot stamping mode. SiO is adopted 2 And (3) heating the template to 170 ℃, applying pressure of 4.2MPa, extruding an array structure on PMMA, demoulding when the temperature is lower than the glass transition temperature, namely 108 ℃, and retaining the array pattern. And filling scattering glue on the basis of the array structure, and curing to prepare the array structure layer. Scattering glueThe composition of (2) was the same as in example 1. The method for producing the ultraviolet absorbing layer was the same as in example 1. The intelligent temperature control film is adhered to the outer surface of the skylight glass, and when sunlight passes through the film, the sunlight passes through the ultraviolet absorption layer, the array structural layer and the transparent substrate. After the intelligent temperature control film is adhered, the skylight has the advantages of high sunlight transmittance in winter and low sunlight transmittance in summer.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a scattering type intelligent temperature control film which is applied to roofs of Beijing areas (40 ℃ in North latitude). The schematic diagram of the cross-section structure of the intelligent temperature control film is shown in fig. 8. The inclination angle 20 of the scattering unit with respect to the film surface is equal to 26.5 deg.. The scattering element has a height H of 220 microns, a width W of 22 microns and a period P of 170 microns. The manufacturing method of the array structure is a hot stamping mode. Also adopt SiO 2 And (3) heating the template to 170 ℃, applying pressure of 4.2MPa, extruding an array structure on PMMA, demoulding when the temperature is lower than the glass transition temperature, namely 108 ℃, and retaining the array pattern. And filling scattering glue on the basis of the array structure, and curing to prepare the array structure layer. The composition of the dispersion gel was the same as in example 1. The method for producing the ultraviolet absorbing layer was the same as in example 1. Finally, a layer of black light absorption film is coated on the other surface of the film in a blade coating mode, and the sunlight absorption rate of the black light absorption film is as high as 90%. The intelligent temperature control film is adhered to the outer surface of an opaque roof, and sunlight sequentially passes through the ultraviolet absorption layer, the array structure layer, the transparent substrate and the light absorption film when passing through the film. After the intelligent temperature control film is adhered, the window has the advantages of high sunlight absorptivity in winter and low sunlight absorptivity in summer.
The intelligent temperature control films in the embodiments are adhered to corresponding building parts in Beijing areas, and the whole sunlight transmittance or absorption rate of the films is different in different incident directions. And an ultraviolet-visible near-infrared spectrophotometer with an integrating sphere is used for testing the overall solar transmittance or absorptivity of the film at a typical incidence angle so as to evaluate the overall temperature control capability of the film. Characterization data for the intelligent temperature control film in each example are shown in the following table.
TABLE 1
| Angle of incidence | Example 1 transmittance | EXAMPLE 2 absorptivity |
| 16.5 ° (summer to noon) | 20％ | 18％ |
| 40 ° (spring/autumn noon) | 51％ | 46％ |
| 63.5 ° (winter to noon) | 83％ | 85％ |
TABLE 2
As can be seen from table 1 above, the transmittance of the intelligent temperature control film of example 1 was 20% and the absorptivity of the intelligent temperature control film of example 2 was 18% at an incident angle of 16.5 ° (summer to noon); at an incident angle of 63.5 ° (winter to noon), the transmittance of the intelligent temperature control film of example 1 was 83% and the absorptivity of the intelligent temperature control film of example 2 was 85%; the intelligent temperature control film of example 1 had a light transmittance of 51% and the intelligent temperature control film of example 2 had an absorptivity of 46% at an incident angle of 40 ° (spring/autumn noon).
As can be seen from table 2 above, the transmittance of the intelligent temperature control film of example 3 was 76% and the absorptivity of the intelligent temperature control film of example 4 was 73% at an incident angle of 26.5 ° (winter to noon); at an incident angle of 73.5 ° (summer noon), the transmittance of the intelligent temperature control film of example 3 was 15% and the absorptivity of the intelligent temperature control film of example 4 was 17%; the intelligent temperature control film of example 3 had a light transmittance of 39% and the intelligent temperature control film of example 4 had an absorptivity of 42% at an incident angle of 50 ° (spring/autumn noon).
When the angle formed by the incidence direction and the plane where the single scattering unit is positioned is smaller, most of the incident light can pass through the light-transmitting units of the array structure layer when passing through the array structure layer of the film, so that higher transmittance or absorptivity is realized; when the angle formed by the incident direction and the plane of the single scattering unit is larger, more light rays are irradiated to the scattering units in the array structure layer, and are scattered back, so that the light rays have lower light transmittance or absorptivity.
From the above experimental results, it is clear that, in the Beijing area, when the example 1 is installed on the southern wall surface and the example 2 is installed on the southern wall surface, the example 3 is installed on the skylight and the example 4 is installed on the light-tight roof, and good effects of warming in winter and cooling in summer can be achieved.
The invention and its embodiments have been described above with no limitation, and the actual construction is not limited to the embodiments of the invention as shown in the drawings. In summary, if one of ordinary skill in the art is informed by this disclosure, a structural manner and an embodiment similar to the technical solution should not be creatively devised without departing from the gist of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A scattering type intelligent temperature control film is characterized in that: the transparent substrate, the array structure layer, the ultraviolet absorbing layer and the light absorbing layer are included when the transparent substrate, the array structure layer, the ultraviolet absorbing layer and the light absorbing layer are applied to a wall surface and an opaque roof; the array structure layer consists of transverse micro stripes with periodically alternating light-transmitting units and scattering units, and has periodicity in a single direction and a period in a range of 1-1000 microns; the light transmission unit is of a high light transmission structure and has a sunlight transmittance of more than 60%; the scattering unit is of a multiphase structure, the overall solar light transmittance is 5% -40%, and the solar light absorptivity is less than 20%; in the cross section of the array structure layer, an inclination angle alpha is formed between the scattering unit and the plane of the film;
when the scattering intelligent temperature control film is applied to a wall surface and a window on the wall surface, the inclination angle alpha of the periodic scattering unit and the film plane is equal to the latitude theta plus 23.5 degrees;
when the scattering type intelligent temperature control film is applied to a skylight and an opaque roof, the inclination angle alpha of the periodic scattering unit and the film plane is equal to 66.5 degrees minus the latitude theta;
when the scattering type intelligent temperature control film is applied to a wall surface and a window on the wall surface, and when the height of a periodic scattering unit in an array structural layer is H, the period P of the periodic scattering unit is Hsin alpha/tan (theta-23.5 degrees) -Hcos alpha, (Hsin alpha/tan (theta-23.5 degrees) -Hcos alpha)/N or (Hsin alpha/tan (theta-23.5 degrees) -Hcos alpha) N, wherein N is a positive integer;
when the scattering type intelligent temperature control film is applied to a skylight and an opaque roof, and the height of a periodic scattering unit in an array structural layer is H, the period P of the periodic scattering unit is Hcos alpha-Hsin alpha-tan (theta-23.5 degrees), or (Hcos alpha-Hsin alpha-tan (theta-23.5 degrees)), N, wherein N is a positive integer;
the thickness of the array structure layer is 1-2000 micrometers, the scattering unit consists of a scattering matrix and scattering factors, the material of the scattering matrix is one or a combination of PET, PMMA, PU, HDPE, ABS, PVA, PS, MS, PC, EAA, EMMA, and the scattering factors are one or a combination of inorganic particles such as titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, zinc oxide, barium sulfate or organic particles PET, PMMA, PU, HDPE, ABS, PVA, PS, MS, PC, EAA, EMMA or air holes; the material of the light-transmitting unit is one of PET, PMMA, PU, HDPE, ABS, PVA, PS, MS, PC, EAA, EMMA.
2. The scattering type intelligent temperature control film according to claim 1, wherein: the preparation method of the array structure layer comprises the steps of manufacturing a groove on a polymer matrix by a micro-nano imprinting method by using a die, wherein the groove structure is formed by a light-transmitting material or a scattering material, and filling the groove with materials with opposite optical properties to obtain a complete array structure layer, wherein the specific imprinting method is ultraviolet imprinting or hot imprinting;
3. the scattering type intelligent temperature control film according to claim 1, wherein: the thickness of the transparent substrate layer is 5-500 micrometers, and the transparent substrate layer is made of one of PET, PMMA, PU, HDPE, ABS, PVA, PS, MS, PC, EAA, EMMA or glass.
4. The scattering type intelligent temperature control film according to claim 1, wherein: the ultraviolet absorbing layer consists of a polymer film layer added with an ultraviolet absorbent, and the integral absorptivity of the ultraviolet absorbing layer to ultraviolet rays in sunlight is more than or equal to 80%; the ultraviolet absorption layer is formed into a separate layer by the array structure layer or independently from the array structure layer; when the scattering type intelligent temperature control film is installed, the ultraviolet absorption layer is positioned on the outermost layer of the whole film, and sunlight sequentially passes through the ultraviolet absorption layer, the array structure layer, the transparent substrate and the light absorption layer of the film.
5. The scattering type intelligent temperature control film according to claim 1, wherein: the total sunlight absorptivity of the light absorption layer is more than or equal to 60%; the light absorption layer is formed into a separate layer by the transparent substrate or independently of the transparent substrate; the light absorption layer is composed of transparent resin and is formed by distributing one or more of carbon black, black essence, silver black essence and silver gray essence; when the scattering type intelligent temperature control film is installed, the light absorption layer is positioned at the innermost layer of the whole film.
6. The scattering type intelligent temperature control film according to claim 1, wherein: the latitude of the area where the scattering intelligent temperature control film is applied is in the range of 23.5-66.5 degrees, and specifically the south face of a northern hemisphere building, the north face of a southern hemisphere building and the roof of a southern hemisphere.
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| CN102623578A (en) * | 2012-02-15 | 2012-08-01 | 潘慧英 | Aperture array light trap technology applied to thin-film solar cell |
| TW201520831A (en) * | 2013-11-28 | 2015-06-01 | Unimicron Technology Corp | Reflective structure for optical touch sensing |
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