CN114875284A - Al-Zn-Mg-Er-Zr series reinforced aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Al-Zn-Mg-Er-Zr series reinforced aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an Al-Zn-Mg-Er-Zr series reinforced aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, and mainly relates to the technical field of alloys. An Al-Zn-Mg-Er-Zr series reinforced aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: zn: 5-7%, Mg: 2-3%, Er: 0.3-0.6%, Zr: 0.2-0.5%, Sb: 0.1-0.2%, Be: 0.1-0.2% and Cr: 0.1-0.2%, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities. The invention has the beneficial effects that: by adding rare earth elements and adopting a semi-solid metal forming technology, the strength of the aluminum alloy is greatly improved, and the service life of the aluminum alloy is greatly prolonged. Has good application and popularization prospect, and can be applied to low-cost civil fields such as electric motor coaches, rail transit and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention mainly relates to the technical field of alloys, in particular to an Al-Zn-Mg-Er-Zr series reinforced aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The semi-solid metal forming technology is a method for processing and forming by using mixed slurry obtained in a solid-liquid interval and in which a certain solid-phase component (50% -60%) alloy is uniformly suspended in a liquid metal mother liquor, and the semi-solid forming is realized by using the characteristic that a metal material has semi-solid state in the conversion process from solid state to liquid state or from liquid state to solid state. Al-Zn-Mg series aluminum alloys are heat-treatment-strengtheneable alloys, and are preferred structural materials for rail transit, aerospace and the like because of their low density. However, during the long-term service of the vehicle, the components (especially the welding parts of the components) are often corroded due to the action of corrosive media, and in severe cases, the components are damaged in advance, the service life is greatly shortened, and even the traffic safety is endangered. Therefore, how to obtain the Al-Zn-Mg aluminum alloy with high strength, corrosion resistance and good welding performance and high comprehensive performance becomes a technical problem to be solved in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the Al-Zn-Mg-Er-Zr series reinforced aluminum alloy and the preparation method thereof, which greatly improve the strength of the aluminum alloy, improve the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy, obviously improve the welding performance of the aluminum alloy and greatly improve the service life by adding rare earth elements and adopting a semi-solid metal forming technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
an Al-Zn-Mg-Er-Zr series reinforced aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: zn: 5-7%, Mg: 2-3%, Er: 0.3-0.6%, Zr: 0.2-0.5%, Sb: 0.1-0.2%, Be: 0.1-0.2% and Cr: 0.1-0.2%, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities.
An Al-Zn-Mg-Er-Zr series reinforced aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: zn: 6%, Mg: 3%, Er: 0.5%, Zr: 0.4%, Sb: 0.2%, Be: 0.2% and Cr: 0.2%, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities.
A preparation method of Al-Zn-Mg-Er-Zr series reinforced aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
s1: preparing pure Al ingots, pure Zn ingots, pure Mg ingots, Al-Er intermediate alloy and Al-Zr intermediate alloy according to the proportion for later use;
s2: firstly, adding a pure Al ingot into a reaction kettle, heating to 670-;
s3: cooling the molten metal obtained in the step S2 to 700 ℃, preserving the temperature for 5min, and then cooling the metal liquid at a cooling speed of 30-35 ℃/S to obtain a master alloy ingot;
s4: and (3) preserving the heat of the master alloy ingot obtained in the step S3 in a heat treatment furnace for 20-30min, wherein the heat preservation temperature is 570-600 ℃, and then cooling in air to obtain the aluminum alloy semi-solid blank.
S5 homogenization treatment: carrying out high-temperature homogenization treatment on the cast aluminum alloy prepared in the step S4 in a heat treatment furnace, heating to 500 ℃ at the temperature rise speed of 15-20 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 12-24h, and then air-cooling the cast ingot to room temperature;
s6: machining: sawing and turning the aluminum alloy cast ingot obtained in the step S5 to a proper size to obtain a cast rod with the diameter phi 95mm for later use;
s7, extrusion deformation: and (5) carrying out hot extrusion deformation on the cast rod obtained in the step (S6), and carrying out hot extrusion on the cast ingot, wherein the process parameters are as follows: the extrusion temperature is 430-470 ℃, the extrusion ratio is 25:1, and the extrusion speed is 2 mm/s.
S8: aging treatment: and (4) carrying out aging treatment on the aluminum alloy obtained in the step S7 in a heat treatment furnace, wherein the aging temperature is 160-180 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 8-12 h.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides an Al-Zn-Mg-Er-Zr series reinforced aluminum alloy and a processing method for semi-solid metal forming thereof, belonging to a high-strength high-toughness heat-resistant corrosion-resistant aluminum alloy and a preparation method. By adding Er and Zr, the heat resistance and the mechanical property at high temperature of the aluminum alloy can be effectively improved, and simultaneously, the corrosion resistance of the aluminum alloy can be improved by matching with a semi-solid forming processing technology, so that the service life of the aluminum alloy is greatly prolonged.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is the morphology of the semi-solid billet texture of example 1;
fig. 2 is an XRD pattern of the semi-solid alloy ingot of example 1;
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it should be understood that various changes or modifications of the present invention may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and these equivalents also fall within the scope of the present application.
Example 1:
an Al-Zn-Mg-Er-Zr series reinforced aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: zn: 5%, Mg: 2%, Er: 0.3%, Zr: 0.2%, Sb: 0.1-0.2%, Be: 0.1-0.2% and Cr: 0.1-0.2%, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities.
A preparation method of Al-Zn-Mg-Er-Zr series reinforced aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
preparing 892kg of pure Al ingot, 50kg of pure Zn ingot, 20kg of pure Mg ingot, 30kg of Al-10 wt.% Er intermediate alloy and 8kg of Al-25 wt.% Zr intermediate alloy according to the above mixture ratio for later use; adding a pure Al ingot into a reaction kettle, heating to 690 ℃, heating to 760 ℃ after the pure Al ingot is melted, adding a pure Zn ingot, a pure Mg ingot, an Al-Er intermediate alloy and an Al-Zr intermediate alloy, heating to 780 ℃, preserving heat for 10min, and uniformly stirring; cooling the molten metal to 700 ℃ and preserving heat for 5min, and then cooling the metal liquid at the cooling speed of 30 ℃/s to obtain a master alloy ingot; and (3) keeping the temperature of the master alloy ingot in a heat treatment furnace for 25min at the temperature of 580 ℃, and then cooling in air to obtain the aluminum alloy semi-solid blank. Carrying out high-temperature homogenization treatment on the as-cast aluminum alloy in a heat treatment furnace, heating to 490 ℃ at the heating speed of 20 ℃/min, preserving heat for 24h, and then air-cooling the cast ingot to room temperature; sawing and turning a skin of the aluminum alloy cast ingot to a proper size to obtain a cast rod with the diameter phi of 95mm for later use; carrying out hot extrusion deformation on the cast rod, carrying out hot extrusion on the cast ingot, and carrying out technological parameters: the extrusion temperature is 450 ℃, the extrusion ratio is 25:1, and the extrusion speed is 2 mm/s. And (3) carrying out aging treatment on the aluminum alloy in a heat treatment furnace, wherein the aging temperature is 180 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 8 h.
And processing the material into a standard tensile sample according to the national standard GB6397-86 metallic tensile test sample. The stretching was carried out on an Shimadzu AG-I250kN electronic tensile tester at a tensile rate of 1 mm/min. When stretching is carried out at high temperature, the temperature is kept for 5 minutes and then stretching is carried out.
The heat-resistant aluminum alloy obtained in the embodiment has tensile strength of 612MPa at room temperature, tensile strength of 553MPa at 200 ℃, tensile strength of 492MPa at 250 ℃ and tensile strength of 415MPa at 300 ℃.
Example 2:
an Al-Zn-Mg-Er-Zr series reinforced aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: zn: 6%, Mg: 3%, Er: 0.5%, Zr: 0.4%, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities.
A preparation method of Al-Zn-Mg-Er-Zr series reinforced aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
preparing 844kg of pure Al ingot, 60kg of pure Zn ingot, 30kg of pure Mg ingot, 50kg of Al-10 wt.% Er intermediate alloy and 16kg of Al-25 wt.% Zr intermediate alloy according to the mixture ratio for later use; adding a pure Al ingot into a reaction kettle, heating to 690 ℃, heating to 760 ℃ after the pure Al ingot is melted, adding a pure Zn ingot, a pure Mg ingot, an Al-Er intermediate alloy and an Al-Zr intermediate alloy, heating to 780 ℃, preserving heat for 10min, and uniformly stirring; cooling the molten metal to 700 ℃ and preserving heat for 5min, and then cooling the metal liquid at the cooling speed of 30 ℃/s to obtain a master alloy ingot; and (3) keeping the temperature of the master alloy ingot in a heat treatment furnace for 25min at the temperature of 580 ℃, and then cooling in air to obtain the aluminum alloy semi-solid blank. Carrying out high-temperature homogenization treatment on the as-cast aluminum alloy in a heat treatment furnace, heating to 500 ℃ at the heating rate of 20 ℃/min, preserving heat for 20h, and then air-cooling the cast ingot to room temperature; sawing and turning a skin of the aluminum alloy cast ingot to a proper size to obtain a cast rod with the diameter phi of 95mm for later use; carrying out hot extrusion deformation on the cast rod, carrying out hot extrusion on the cast ingot, and carrying out technological parameters: the extrusion temperature is 450 ℃, the extrusion ratio is 25:1, and the extrusion speed is 2 mm/s. And (3) carrying out aging treatment on the aluminum alloy in a heat treatment furnace, wherein the aging temperature is 180 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 8 h.
And processing the material into a standard tensile sample according to the national standard GB6397-86 metallic tensile test sample. The stretching was carried out on an Shimadzu AG-I250kN electronic tensile tester at a tensile rate of 1 mm/min. When stretching is carried out at high temperature, the temperature is kept for 5 minutes and then stretching is carried out.
The heat-resistant aluminum alloy obtained in the embodiment has the room-temperature tensile strength of 634MPa, the 200-DEG C tensile strength of 564MPa, the 250-DEG C tensile strength of 508MPa and the 300-DEG C tensile strength of 462 MPa.
Example 3:
an Al-Zn-Mg-Er-Zr series reinforced aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: zn: 7%, Mg: 3%, Er: 0.6%, Zr: 0.5%, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities.
A preparation method of Al-Zn-Mg-Er-Zr series reinforced aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
preparing raw materials of 820kg of pure Al ingot, 70kg of pure Zn ingot, 30kg of pure Mg ingot, 60kg of Al-10 wt.% Er master alloy and 20kg of Al-25 wt.% Zr master alloy according to the mixture ratio for later use; adding a pure Al ingot into a reaction kettle, heating to 690 ℃, heating to 760 ℃ after the pure Al ingot is melted, adding a pure Zn ingot, a pure Mg ingot, an Al-Er intermediate alloy and an Al-Zr intermediate alloy, heating to 780 ℃, preserving heat for 10min, and uniformly stirring; cooling the molten metal to 700 ℃ and preserving heat for 5min, and then cooling the metal liquid at the cooling speed of 30 ℃/s to obtain a master alloy ingot; and (3) keeping the temperature of the master alloy ingot in a heat treatment furnace for 25min at the temperature of 580 ℃, and then cooling in air to obtain the aluminum alloy semi-solid blank.
Carrying out high-temperature homogenization treatment on the as-cast aluminum alloy in a heat treatment furnace, heating to 490 ℃ at the heating speed of 20 ℃/min, preserving heat for 24h, and then air-cooling the cast ingot to room temperature; sawing and turning a skin of the aluminum alloy cast ingot to a proper size to obtain a cast rod with the diameter phi 95mm for later use; carrying out hot extrusion deformation on the cast rod, carrying out hot extrusion on the cast ingot, and carrying out technological parameters: the extrusion temperature is 450 ℃, the extrusion ratio is 25:1, and the extrusion speed is 2 mm/s. And (3) carrying out aging treatment on the aluminum alloy in a heat treatment furnace, wherein the aging temperature is 180 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 8 h.
And processing the material into a standard tensile sample according to the national standard GB6397-86 metallic tensile test sample. The stretching was carried out on an Shimadzu AG-I250kN electronic tensile tester at a tensile rate of 1 mm/min. When stretching is carried out at high temperature, the temperature is kept for 5 minutes and then stretching is carried out.
The tensile strength of the heat-resistant aluminum alloy obtained in the embodiment is 638MPa at room temperature, 566MPa at 200 ℃, 510MPa at 250 ℃ and 465MPa at 300 ℃.
Comparative example 1:
an Al-Zn-Mg-Er-Zr series reinforced aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: zn: 6%, Mg: 3% and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities.
A preparation method of Al-Zn-Mg-Er-Zr series reinforced aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
preparing 910kg of pure Al ingot, 60kg of pure Zn ingot and 30kg of pure Mg ingot according to the mixture ratio for later use; adding a pure Al ingot into a reaction kettle, heating to 690 ℃, heating to 760 ℃ after the pure Al ingot is melted, adding a pure Zn ingot, a pure Mg ingot, an Al-Er intermediate alloy and an Al-Zr intermediate alloy, heating to 780 ℃, preserving heat for 10min, and uniformly stirring; cooling the molten metal to 700 ℃ and preserving heat for 5min, and then cooling the metal liquid at the cooling speed of 30 ℃/s to obtain a master alloy ingot; and (3) keeping the temperature of the master alloy ingot in a heat treatment furnace for 25min at the temperature of 580 ℃, and then cooling in air to obtain the aluminum alloy semi-solid blank. Carrying out high-temperature homogenization treatment on the as-cast aluminum alloy in a heat treatment furnace, heating to 490 ℃ at the heating speed of 20 ℃/min, preserving heat for 24h, and then air-cooling the cast ingot to room temperature; sawing and turning a skin of the aluminum alloy cast ingot to a proper size to obtain a cast rod with the diameter phi of 95mm for later use; carrying out hot extrusion deformation on the cast rod, carrying out hot extrusion on the cast ingot, and carrying out technological parameters: the extrusion temperature is 450 ℃, the extrusion ratio is 25:1, and the extrusion speed is 2 mm/s. And (3) carrying out aging treatment on the aluminum alloy in a heat treatment furnace, wherein the aging temperature is 180 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 8 h.
And processing the material into a standard tensile sample according to the national standard GB6397-86 metallic tensile test sample. The stretching was carried out on an Shimadzu AG-I250kN electronic tensile tester at a tensile rate of 1 mm/min. When stretching is carried out at high temperature, the temperature is kept for 5 minutes and then stretching is carried out.
The tensile strength of the aluminum alloy obtained in the embodiment is 565MPa at room temperature, 432MPa at 200 ℃, 336MPa at 250 ℃ and 205MPa at 300 ℃, and the aluminum alloy can not meet the use requirement.
Comparative example 2:
an Al-Zn-Mg-Er-Zr series reinforced aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by weight: zn: 6%, Mg: 3%, Er: 0.5%, Zr: 0.4%, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities.
A preparation method of Al-Zn-Mg-Er-Zr series reinforced aluminum alloy comprises the following steps:
preparing 844kg of pure Al ingot, 60kg of pure Zn ingot, 30kg of pure Mg ingot, 50kg of Al-10 wt.% Er intermediate alloy and 16kg of Al-25 wt.% Zr intermediate alloy according to the mixture ratio for later use; adding a pure Al ingot into a reaction kettle, heating to 690 ℃, heating to 760 ℃ after the pure Al ingot is melted, adding a pure Zn ingot, a pure Mg ingot, an Al-Er intermediate alloy and an Al-Zr intermediate alloy, heating to 780 ℃, preserving heat for 10min, and uniformly stirring; and cooling the molten metal to 700 ℃ and preserving heat for 5min, and then cooling the metal liquid at the cooling speed of 30 ℃/s to obtain a master alloy ingot. Carrying out high-temperature homogenization treatment on the as-cast aluminum alloy in a heat treatment furnace, heating to 490 ℃ at the heating speed of 20 ℃/min, preserving heat for 24h, and then air-cooling the cast ingot to room temperature; sawing and turning a skin of the aluminum alloy cast ingot to a proper size to obtain a cast rod with the diameter phi of 95mm for later use; carrying out hot extrusion deformation on the cast rod, carrying out hot extrusion on the cast ingot, and carrying out technological parameters: the extrusion temperature is 450 ℃, the extrusion ratio is 25:1, and the extrusion speed is 2 mm/s. And (3) carrying out aging treatment on the aluminum alloy in a heat treatment furnace, wherein the aging temperature is 180 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 8 h.
And processing the material into a standard tensile sample according to the national standard GB6397-86 metallic tensile test sample. The stretching was carried out on an Shimadzu AG-I250kN electronic tensile tester at a tensile rate of 1 mm/min. When stretching is carried out at high temperature, the temperature is kept for 5 minutes and then stretching is carried out.
The aluminum alloy obtained in this example had a room temperature tensile strength of 604MPa, a 200 ℃ tensile strength of 542MPa, a 250 ℃ tensile strength of 480MPa, and a 300 ℃ tensile strength of 423 MPa.
FIG. 1 is a microscopic microstructure of an alloy semi-solid blank, wherein bright white is alpha-Al phase solid phase particles, the roundness is 0.85, dark black is a long period structure phase, and the volume fraction is 25%; FIG. 2 is an XRD pattern of the alloy semi-solid billet, which shows that the semi-solid billet is composed of an alpha-Al phase and a long period structure phase, and as can be seen from FIGS. 1-2, the aluminum alloy semi-solid billet prepared by the invention has an excellent semi-solid structure.
As can be seen from the comparison of the above examples 1-3 with the comparative example 1, the Er and Zr elements are added into the aluminum alloy, so that the room temperature strength, the high temperature stability and the high temperature strength of the aluminum alloy can be effectively improved; as can be seen from the comparison between example 2 and comparative example 2, the room temperature strength, the high temperature stability and the high temperature strength of the aluminum alloy subjected to the semi-solid metal forming process are all remarkably improved.
Claims (7)
1. An Al-Zn-Mg-Er-Zr series reinforced aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: zn: 5-7%, Mg: 2-3%, Er: 0.3-0.6%, Zr: 0.2-0.5%, Sb: 0.1-0.2%, Be: 0.1-0.2% and Cr: 0.1-0.2%, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities.
2. The Al-Zn-Mg-Er-Zr reinforced aluminum alloy according to claim 1, consisting of the following components in percentage by weight: zn: 6%, Mg: 3%, Er: 0.5%, Zr: 0.4%, Sb: 0.2%, Be: 0.2% and Cr: 0.2%, and the balance of Al and inevitable impurities.
3. A preparation method of Al-Zn-Mg-Er-Zr series reinforced aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: preparing pure Al ingots, pure Zn ingots, pure Mg ingots, Al-Er intermediate alloy and Al-Zr intermediate alloy according to the proportion for later use;
s2: firstly, adding a pure Al ingot into a reaction kettle, heating to 670-;
s3: cooling the molten metal obtained in the step S2 to 700 ℃, preserving the temperature for 5min, and then cooling the metal liquid at a cooling speed of 30-35 ℃/S to obtain a master alloy ingot;
s4: and (3) preserving the heat of the master alloy ingot obtained in the step S3 in a heat treatment furnace for 20-30min, wherein the heat preservation temperature is 570-600 ℃, and then cooling in air to obtain the aluminum alloy semi-solid blank.
S5 homogenization treatment: carrying out high-temperature homogenization treatment on the cast aluminum alloy prepared in the step S4 in a heat treatment furnace, heating to 500 ℃ at the temperature rise speed of 15-20 ℃/min, keeping the temperature for 12-24h, and then air-cooling the cast ingot to room temperature;
s6: machining: sawing and turning the aluminum alloy cast ingot obtained in the step S5 to a proper size to obtain a cast rod with the diameter phi 95mm for later use;
s7, extrusion deformation: and (5) carrying out hot extrusion deformation on the cast rod obtained in the step (S6), and carrying out hot extrusion on the cast ingot, wherein the process parameters are as follows: the extrusion temperature is 430-470 ℃, the extrusion ratio is 25:1, and the extrusion speed is 2 mm/s.
S8: aging treatment: and (4) carrying out aging treatment on the aluminum alloy obtained in the step S7 in a heat treatment furnace, wherein the aging temperature is 160-180 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 8-12 h.
4. The method of producing a high mechanical wrought aluminum alloy according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the steps of: melting an aluminum ingot, sequentially adding an industrial pure aluminum ingot, an industrial pure magnesium ingot, an industrial pure zinc ingot, an Al-25Er intermediate alloy and an Al-30Zr intermediate alloy, and melting and uniformly mixing to form a melt; and standing the melt, refining, and injecting the melt into a preheated casting mold for casting and forming to obtain the aluminum alloy cast ingot.
5. The method for preparing a wrought aluminum alloy with high mechanical properties according to claim 3, wherein the forming of the melt is specifically: adding industrial pure Mg when the melting temperature of the aluminum ingot rises to 690 ℃, adding an industrial pure zinc ingot and Al-25Er intermediate alloy into the melt when the temperature continues to rise to 720 ℃, and adding the Al-30Zr intermediate alloy after the furnace temperature rises to 780 ℃.
6. The method for preparing a wrought aluminum alloy with high mechanical properties according to claim 3, wherein the temperature of the refining treatment is 760 ℃ and the temperature of the casting forming is 710-720 ℃.
7. The method for preparing a wrought aluminum alloy with high mechanical properties according to claim 3, wherein the specific operation of the differential temperature extrusion is as follows: heating the T6 aluminum alloy cast ingot to 480-510 ℃, preheating a die to 450-480 ℃, and extruding and forming at an extrusion ratio of 10: 1-30: 1 and an extrusion rate of 1-10 mm/s.
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