CN114836053A - Green environment-friendly wood-based composite material and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Green environment-friendly wood-based composite material and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000005016 bacterial cellulose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 76
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L97/00—Compositions of lignin-containing materials
- C08L97/02—Lignocellulosic material, e.g. wood, straw or bagasse
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L1/00—Compositions of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08L1/02—Cellulose; Modified cellulose
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2201/00—Properties
- C08L2201/06—Biodegradable
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/78—Recycling of wood or furniture waste
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a green environment-friendly wood-based composite material, which comprises the following steps: (1) mixing wood powder and bacterial cellulose dispersion liquid, and dissolving the mixture in distilled water to obtain a bacterial cellulose/wood powder mixed solution; (2) adjusting the proportion of the wood powder to the bacterial cellulose in the step (1) to enable the content of the total cellulose in the bacterial cellulose/wood powder mixed solution to be 50-70 wt%, and performing magnetic stirring for 30-60 min at room temperature; (3) standing the bacterial cellulose/wood powder mixed solution for 0.5-2 hours; (4) and (4) carrying out reduced pressure suction filtration on the mixed solution obtained in the step (3) to obtain a bacterial cellulose/wood powder wet filter cake, and drying to obtain the bacterial cellulose/wood powder wet filter cake. The invention can obtain the wood-based composite material with excellent mechanical property and excellent stability. The material is a completely degradable green composite material and can be used for replacing the fields of common disposable plastic straws, plastic bags and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation of environment-friendly materials, and particularly relates to a green environment-friendly wood-based composite material as well as a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Synthetic plastics play an important role in daily life and global economy, and can be widely used in various industries, so that the plastics bring convenience to our lives, but the environmental problems caused by plastics taking fossil energy as a raw material are increasingly severe. On the one hand, with the increasing reliance and demand for low cost, disposable plastic materials, this will necessarily lead to a rapid increase in global energy demand and an increase in raw material prices; on the other hand, the generation of a large amount of plastic wastes causes serious environmental pollution, and because the recovery cost of plastics is higher, most of the plastics are directly incinerated or buried, but the degradation period of the synthetic plastics is longer, the pollution of the plastics is gradually accumulated, and the damage to an ecosystem is difficult to reverse, so that increasingly serious global waste crisis and environmental pollution problems are caused. In recent years, the problems of energy consumption and environmental pollution are gradually paid attention and paid attention to, and China has started to reduce the environmental pollution by replacing plastic straws and plastic bags with paper straws and paper bags.
Natural wood, as an abundant biomass resource, comprises as main components cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Wherein, the cellulose is assembled by repeating units of D-glucose through covalent bonds and intra-chain and inter-chain hydrogen bonds on a molecular level to form linear and rigid cellulose chains. Lignin is an amorphous three-dimensional oxygen-containing p-propyl phenol polymer, an aromatic compound, formed by free radical polymerization of lignin monomers in plant cell walls. Hemicellulose is a heterogeneous polymer composed of several different types of monosaccharides (pentoses and hexoses), such as xylose, arabinose and galactose. Cellulose and hemicellulose are polysaccharides, collectively called holocellulose, which are carbohydrates.
In the actual production and processing process of wood, a large amount of waste wood powder can be generated, the existing preparation method of the wood-derived composite material usually needs to pretreat wood or a part of wood powder by using a large amount of chemical reagents (acid or alkali solution) and then compound the wood or a part of the wood powder with a high polymer material or perform mechanical treatment, the large amount of chemical reagents used in the process can influence the environment, and simultaneously most of the removed lignin is discarded as waste, so that the problems of serious waste of renewable resources and environmental pollution are caused.
Therefore, it has become an urgent task to seek sustainable and biodegradable alternatives to environmentally friendly plastics, with the allowed reduction of the use of disposable plastics, and with the accelerated recycling and recovery of agricultural solid wastes.
Natural fibers have received much attention because of their abundant sources, low cost, renewable, degradable, and other advantages. Natural fibers can be classified into plant fibers, animal fibers and mineral fibers according to their origin. The bacterial cellulose is one of natural cellulose, has high crystallinity, high cellulose purity, good biodegradability and higher mechanical strength, and has no adverse effect on health and environment.
In view of the unique physicochemical properties, low price, easy availability and other advantages of the bacterial cellulose, the bacterial cellulose can be combined with waste wood powder in the production and processing process of wood to prepare a completely degradable green environment-friendly wood-based composite material, and simultaneously ensures that the mechanical property is extremely excellent, the bacterial cellulose can well replace plastics for daily use, avoids the waste of renewable resources and solves the potential problem of environmental pollution, and becomes a technical problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems, and provides a green environment-friendly wood-based composite material as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The technical purpose of the invention is as follows: the first aspect solves the problem of recycling waste wood powder in the wood production and processing process, and avoids the great waste of renewable resources; the second aspect solves the problem of environmental pollution caused by the treatment of a large amount of chemical reagents in the processing process of the composite wood; the third aspect solves the preparation problem of how to realize the high-efficiency substitution of the wood-based composite material for the plastic material and provide a new green environment-friendly material.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme to solve the problem.
Firstly, the invention provides a preparation method of a green environment-friendly wood-based composite material, which comprises the following steps:
(1) mixing wood powder and bacterial cellulose dispersion liquid, and dissolving the mixture in distilled water to obtain a bacterial cellulose/wood powder mixed solution;
(2) adjusting the proportion of the wood powder to the bacterial cellulose in the step (1) to enable the content of the total cellulose in the bacterial cellulose/wood powder mixed solution to be 50-70 wt%, and performing magnetic stirring for 30-60 min at room temperature;
(3) standing the uniformly stirred bacterial cellulose/wood powder mixed solution for 0.5-2 hours;
(4) and (4) carrying out reduced pressure suction filtration on the mixed solution obtained in the step (3) to obtain a bacterial cellulose/wood powder wet filter cake, and drying to obtain the bacterial cellulose/wood powder wet filter cake.
The inventors of the present invention have finally determined a method for bonding the bacterial cellulose to wood flour after a large number of studies from the viewpoint of recycling of wood flour. However, in the production process of compounding bacterial cellulose and wood powder, the inventor finds that it is extremely difficult to ensure the mechanical property of the composite material, and in most cases, the obtained composite material has poor mechanical property, which is lower than 30MPa, and the stability of the material is poor. The bacterial cellulose/wood green composite material prepared by the method is excellent in mechanical property and stability and can be well used for replacing the traditional disposable plastic product.
As shown in the c diagram in FIG. 4 of the invention, when the cellulose content in the mixed material is lower than 40 wt%, the tensile strength of the obtained composite material is lower than 20MPa, and when the cellulose content is higher than 50 wt%, the tensile strength of the composite material is remarkably increased to 40-70 MPa.
The waste wood flour used in the invention mainly comprises cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Molecular chains of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contain a large number of hydroxyl active groups, so that the cellulose, the hemicellulose and the lignin can be combined with bacterial cellulose with similar chemical composition of plant cellulose to form a hydrogen bond, and finally, according to the method disclosed by the invention, the wood-based composite material with excellent mechanical property and excellent stability can be obtained. The process method is simple, the preparation period is short, the cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin components in the original wood are not damaged, the maximum utilization of renewable resources is realized, and the material is a completely degradable green composite material and can be used for replacing the fields of common disposable plastic straws, plastic bags and the like.
Further, the wood flour in the step (1) is derived from waste scraps in a wood processing process, and is pulverized into powder having an average particle size of 30 μm.
Further, the cellulose content of the wood flour in the step (1) is not less than 20 wt%.
Further, the concentration of the bacterial cellulose dispersion liquid in the step (1) is 0.1-1.0 wt%.
Further, the magnetic stirring time in the step (2) is 45 min.
Further, the time of the standing in the step (3) is 1 hour.
Further, the drying treatment in the step (4) is carried out for 24 hours at 80 ℃.
Secondly, the invention provides the green environment-friendly wood-based composite material prepared by the method.
The invention further provides an application of the green environment-friendly wood-based composite material, which is characterized in that the wood-based composite material is used for replacing plastics.
In particular, the wood-based composite material is prepared into a plate or straw material to replace plastic.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention provides a method for preparing a wood-based composite material by combining bacterial cellulose and wood powder, which is characterized in that waste wood powder and bacterial cellulose with high cellulose content are combined, and the cellulose content of the waste wood powder and the bacterial cellulose is adjusted and homogenized to prepare the environment-friendly bacterial cellulose/wood powder composite material with good mechanical property, and the environment-friendly bacterial cellulose/wood powder composite material can be used for replacing traditional difficultly-degradable primary plastics.
2. The wood powder used in the invention is directly combined with the bacterial cellulose without adopting a chemical reagent for pretreatment, and the treatment process has no pollution to the environment; the other material of the invention is bacterial cellulose with good degradability, which is harmless to the environment and nontoxic to human body, and can completely realize green pollution-free production.
3. The tensile strength of the wood-based composite material obtained by the method can reach more than 60MPa, and the wood-based composite material has the advantages of extremely excellent mechanical property and extremely good stability, and does not deform or decompose after being soaked in water for 4 hours.
4. The invention has the advantages of simple process, wide raw material source, low cost, environment-friendly and pollution-free preparation route and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a sample object diagram in which: (a) a material graph of raw material waste wood flour; (b) preparing a physical diagram of the bacterial cellulose/wood powder wet filter cake; (c) a straw object picture made of bacterial cellulose/wood powder composite material.
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a straw made of the bacterial cellulose/wood powder composite material obtained in the example after soaking in water for 0h, 1h, 2h and 3h (taking example 1 as an example, the effect of the other examples is similar).
FIG. 3 is an SEM image, in which: (a) SEM picture of raw material waste wood flour; (b) FIG. a is a partial enlarged view; (c) surface SEM image of bacterial cellulose/wood flour composite obtained in example 1; (d) FIG. c is a partial enlarged view; (e) example 1 cross-sectional SEM image of bacterial cellulose/wood flour composite; (f) fig. d is a partially enlarged view.
FIG. 4(a) is an IR chart of raw waste Wood flour (Wood Powder), Pure bacterial cellulose (Pure BC), and composites obtained in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2; (b) XRD patterns of the composite materials obtained by raw material waste Wood Powder (Wood Powder), Pure bacterial cellulose (Pure BC) and examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2; (c) the tensile strength plots of the composites obtained in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2 are shown.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is described in detail below with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be noted that the following embodiments are only for explaining and illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. The invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, but rather, may be modified within the scope of the invention.
The waste wood powder used in the invention is derived from waste leftover materials in the wood processing process and mainly comprises cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, wherein the cellulose accounts for 25.19 wt%, the hemicellulose accounts for 7.76 wt%, and the lignin accounts for 27.79 wt%. The test was carried out after pulverizing the resulting mixture into a powder having an average particle size of 30 μm.
Example 1
A preparation method of a green environment-friendly wood-based composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing 0.5g of wood powder and 33.1mL of 0.75 wt% of homogeneous bacterial cellulose dispersion liquid, and dissolving in 200mL of distilled water;
(2) preparing a bacterial cellulose/wood powder mixed solution with 50% of total cellulose, and magnetically stirring for 45min in a room-temperature environment;
(3) standing the uniform bacterial cellulose/wood powder mixed solution for 1 hour;
(4) and (4) carrying out reduced pressure suction filtration on the mixed solution in the step (3), cutting the obtained bacterial cellulose/wood powder wet filter cake, winding a coiled suction pipe on a polytetrafluoroethylene pipe, and then placing the cut wet filter cake in an air-blast drying oven at 80 ℃ for drying for 24 hours.
Example 2
A preparation method of a green environment-friendly wood-based composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing 0.5g of wood powder and 58mL of 0.75 wt% of homogeneous bacterial cellulose dispersion, and dissolving in 200mL of distilled water;
(2) preparing a bacterial cellulose/wood powder mixed solution with the total cellulose content of 60 wt%, and performing magnetic stirring for 45min in a room-temperature environment;
(3) standing the uniform bacterial cellulose/wood powder mixed solution for 1 hour;
(4) and (4) carrying out reduced pressure suction filtration on the mixed solution obtained in the step (3), cutting the obtained bacterial cellulose/wood powder wet filter cake, and then placing the cut filter cake in an air-blast drying oven at 80 ℃ for drying for 24 hours.
Example 3
A preparation method of a green environment-friendly wood-based composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing 0.5g of wood powder and 99.6mL of 0.75 wt% of homogeneous bacterial cellulose dispersion, and dissolving in 200mL of distilled water;
(2) preparing a bacterial cellulose/wood powder mixed solution with the total cellulose accounting for 70 wt%, and magnetically stirring for 45min in a room-temperature environment;
(3) standing the uniform bacterial cellulose/wood powder mixed solution for 1 hour;
(4) and (4) carrying out reduced pressure suction filtration on the mixed solution obtained in the step (3), cutting the obtained bacterial cellulose/wood powder wet filter cake, and then placing the cut filter cake in an air-blast drying oven at 80 ℃ for drying for 24 hours.
Example 4
A preparation method of a green environment-friendly wood-based composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing 0.5g of wood powder and 38.1mL of 0.25 wt% of homogeneous bacterial cellulose dispersion, and dissolving in 200mL of distilled water;
(2) preparing a bacterial cellulose/wood powder mixed solution with the total cellulose accounting for 50 wt%, and magnetically stirring for 30min in a room-temperature environment;
(3) standing the uniform bacterial cellulose/wood powder mixed solution for 0.5 hour;
(4) and (4) carrying out reduced pressure suction filtration on the mixed solution in the step (3), cutting the obtained bacterial cellulose/wood powder wet filter cake, winding a coiled suction pipe on a polytetrafluoroethylene pipe, and then placing the cut wet filter cake in an air-blast drying oven at 80 ℃ for drying for 24 hours.
Example 5
A preparation method of a green environment-friendly wood-based composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing 0.5g of wood powder and 60mL of 1.0 wt% of homogeneous bacterial cellulose dispersion, and dissolving in 200mL of distilled water;
(2) preparing a bacterial cellulose/wood powder mixed solution with the total cellulose accounting for 50 wt%, and magnetically stirring for 60min in a room-temperature environment;
(3) standing the uniform bacterial cellulose/wood powder mixed solution for 2 hours;
(4) and (4) carrying out reduced pressure suction filtration on the mixed solution in the step (3), cutting the obtained bacterial cellulose/wood powder wet filter cake, winding a coiled suction pipe on a polytetrafluoroethylene pipe, and then placing the cut wet filter cake in an air-blast drying oven at 80 ℃ for drying for 24 hours.
Comparative example 1
A preparation method of a green environment-friendly wood-based composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing 0.5g of wood powder and 4.6mL of 0.75 wt% of homogeneous bacterial cellulose dispersion, and dissolving in 200mL of distilled water;
(2) preparing a bacterial cellulose/wood powder mixed solution with the total cellulose accounting for 30 wt%, and magnetically stirring for 45min in a room-temperature environment;
(3) standing the uniform bacterial cellulose/wood powder mixed solution for 1 hour;
(4) and (4) carrying out reduced pressure suction filtration on the mixed solution in the step (3), cutting the obtained bacterial cellulose/wood powder wet filter cake, winding a coiled suction pipe on a polytetrafluoroethylene pipe, and then placing the cut wet filter cake in an air-blast drying oven at 80 ℃ for drying for 24 hours.
Comparative example 2
A preparation method of a green environment-friendly wood-based composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) weighing 0.5g of wood powder and 16.5mL of 0.75 wt% of homogeneous bacterial cellulose dispersion liquid, and dissolving the wood powder and the homogeneous bacterial cellulose dispersion liquid in 200mL of distilled water;
(2) preparing a bacterial cellulose/wood powder mixed solution with the total cellulose accounting for 40 wt%, and magnetically stirring for 45min in a room-temperature environment;
(3) standing the uniform bacterial cellulose/wood powder mixed solution for 1 hour;
(4) and (4) carrying out reduced pressure suction filtration on the mixed solution in the step (3), cutting the obtained bacterial cellulose/wood powder wet filter cake, winding a coiled suction pipe on a polytetrafluoroethylene pipe, and then placing the cut wet filter cake in an air-blast drying oven at 80 ℃ for drying for 24 hours.
Examples of the experiments
The wood-based composite materials obtained in the examples and the comparative examples are subjected to performance tests, and the test method comprises the following steps: according to GB/T41008-2021 for testing the stability in water, a straw made of the bacterial cellulose/wood powder composite material is immersed in a proper amount of water, stands for 1-3h at room temperature (23 +/-2), is taken out, and the liquid immersion part is observed; mechanical property test referring to national standard GB/T1040-2006, the bacterial cellulose/wood powder composite material is made into a dumbbell shape, the tensile property of the composite material is tested on a universal tensile testing machine (Meitess Industrial systems (China) Co., Ltd., E44.104), and the obtained results are respectively shown as part c in fig. 2 and fig. 4. Wherein 50%, 60%, 70% represent the composites obtained in examples 1, 2, 3, respectively, 30%, 40% represent the composites obtained in comparative examples 1 and 2, respectively, and the composites obtained in examples 4 and 5 are not shown, but the results are similar to those of examples 1 to 3.
Test results show that the wood-based composite material prepared by the embodiment of the invention has good stability, the shape of the obtained composite material is unchanged after the wood-based composite material is placed in water for 3 hours, and the tensile strength of the wood-based composite material is high and reaches 40-70 MPa; the tensile strength of the wood-based composite materials prepared in comparative examples 1 and 2 is lower than 20MPa, the stability is poor, and the wood-based composite materials are easy to soften and deform after being placed in water for 2 hours.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation method of the green environment-friendly wood-based composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) mixing wood powder and bacterial cellulose dispersion liquid, and dissolving the mixture in distilled water to obtain a bacterial cellulose/wood powder mixed solution;
(2) adjusting the proportion of the wood powder to the bacterial cellulose in the step (1) to enable the content of the total cellulose in the bacterial cellulose/wood powder mixed solution to be 50-70 wt%, and performing magnetic stirring for 30-60 min at room temperature;
(3) standing the uniformly stirred bacterial cellulose/wood powder mixed solution for 0.5-2 hours;
(4) and (4) carrying out reduced pressure suction filtration on the mixed solution obtained in the step (3) to obtain a bacterial cellulose/wood powder wet filter cake, and drying to obtain the bacterial cellulose/wood powder wet filter cake.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the wood flour in the step (1) is derived from waste scraps in a wood processing process, and is pulverized into powder having an average particle size of 30 μm.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the cellulose content of the wood flour in the step (1) is not less than 20%.
4. The production method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the concentration of the bacterial cellulose dispersion in the step (1) is 0.1 to 1.0 wt%.
5. The production method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the magnetic stirring time in the step (2) is 45 min.
6. The production method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the standing time in step (3) is 1 hour.
7. The production method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the condition of the drying treatment in step (4) is an oven drying treatment at 80 ℃ for 24 hours.
8. An environment-friendly wood-based composite material prepared by the method of any one of claims 1 to 7.
9. Use of the green and environmentally friendly wood-based composite material according to claim 8, wherein the wood-based composite material is used in place of plastic.
10. The use of the green and environmentally friendly wood-based composite material of claim 9, wherein the wood-based composite material is used for preparing a plate or straw material.
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| CN111635640A (en) * | 2019-03-01 | 2020-09-08 | 中国科学院化学研究所 | Composite material based on agricultural wastes and preparation method and application thereof |
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2022
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| US5207826A (en) * | 1990-04-20 | 1993-05-04 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Bacterial cellulose binding agent |
| US20120129228A1 (en) * | 2009-05-18 | 2012-05-24 | Netravali Anil N | Bacterial cellulose based 'green' composites |
| CN111635640A (en) * | 2019-03-01 | 2020-09-08 | 中国科学院化学研究所 | Composite material based on agricultural wastes and preparation method and application thereof |
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