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CN114540678A - Creep-resistant high-temperature-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Creep-resistant high-temperature-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN114540678A
CN114540678A CN202210070816.6A CN202210070816A CN114540678A CN 114540678 A CN114540678 A CN 114540678A CN 202210070816 A CN202210070816 A CN 202210070816A CN 114540678 A CN114540678 A CN 114540678A
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temperature
resistant
minutes
aluminum alloy
preheating
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Inventor
王绍俊
隋来智
沈现猛
吕尚娟
孟杰
杨焕军
臧伟
王仁武
丁春华
丁岩
马德良
马旭
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Shandong Nanshan Aluminium Co Ltd
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Shandong Nanshan Aluminium Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C21/00Alloys based on aluminium
    • C22C21/10Alloys based on aluminium with zinc as the next major constituent
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/026Alloys based on aluminium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22CALLOYS
    • C22C1/00Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C1/03Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25Process efficiency

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a creep-resistant high-temperature-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, and mainly relates to the field of aluminum alloys. The using components comprise, by mass, 5.0-8.0% of Zn, 2.5-3.5% of Mg, 2.0-3.0% of Hf, 0.3-0.6% of Gd and 0.2-0.5% of Zr, and the balance of Al and impurities. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method solves the problem of mutual inhibition of complex components in the aluminum alloy processing in use in the prior art.

Description

Creep-resistant high-temperature-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aluminum alloy, in particular to a creep-resistant high-temperature-resistant cast aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The aluminum profile has wide application range and more types on the passenger car, and has a car body structural part, a car body covering part and a decorating part. Most of aluminum profile parts applied to the passenger car at first have low requirements on strength, but have high requirements on corrosion resistance, wear resistance and appearance quality. Along with the progress of science and technology, the passenger car structure also develops towards the direction of a full-bearing structure gradually. At present, the proportion of the full-load passenger cars of main passenger car production enterprises exceeds 50 percent. In order to improve the corrosion resistance of the passenger car, prolong the service life of the passenger car and reduce the maintenance cost, more and more passenger car production enterprises adopt aluminum profiles. Under the multiple requirements of fuel economy, safety and environmental protection, some domestic passenger car manufacturing enterprises have started to consider developing aluminum alloy full-load passengers to mainly transit from decoration parts to load-bearing structural parts. Rectangular, trough-shaped, T-shaped and other general aluminum profiles are beginning to be commonly applied to passenger car body structures. The passenger car longitudinal beam is used as an important component of a frame, has enough strength and rigidity to bear the load of an automobile and the impact transmitted from wheels, and is designed to meet basic performance requirements of practicability, durability, safety and the like and further meet actual use working conditions.
The main strengthening phases of Al-Zn-Mg-based alloys are MgZn2(η) and Al2Mg3Zn (t). The alloy is designed comprehensively in terms of microstructure, heat treatment and components, and high-strength alloy with good comprehensive performance can be obtained. The content of Zn and Mg in the alloy is increased, and the tensile strength is further improved, but the stress corrosion resistance of the alloy is reduced; hf can increase the supersaturation degree of the solid solution and improve the aging speed, and Hf can also improve the quenching sensitivity of the alloy and enhance the stress corrosion resistance. Gd is one of common additive elements in the ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy and has obvious influence on the performance of the aluminum alloy. According to a recrystallization nucleation mechanism, dispersed Al3Gd has small particle size and high concentration, has strong pinning effect on slippage and climbing of dislocation and movement of grain boundary, and can stabilize substructure of a deformed tissue and hinder heating. The dislocation is rearranged into subcrystal boundary and then develops into large angle crystal boundary, thereby hindering the nucleation of recrystallization, and in Al-Zn-Mg alloy, the element zirconium has more remarkable effects of inhibiting recrystallization, increasing the recrystallization temperature of the alloy, and improving the strength, fracture toughness and stress corrosion resistance of the alloy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a creep-resistant high-temperature-resistant cast aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, which solve the problem of mutual inhibition of complex components in aluminum alloy processing in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a creep-resistant high-temperature-resistant cast aluminum alloy comprises, by mass, 5.0-8.0% of Zn, 2.5-3.5% of Mg, 2.0-3.0% of Hf, 0.3-0.6% of Gd, 0.2-0.5% of Zr, and the balance of Al and impurities.
Further, the impurities comprise Fe, Ni and Cu;
and/or
The mass of the impurities is less than 0.15 percent of the total mass.
Further, the mass of Hf, Gd and Zr is respectively recorded as the mass of Hf, Gd and Zr in the intermediate alloy Al-Hf, Al-Gd and Al-Zr.
Further, the preparation method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: weighing aluminum, zinc, magnesium and intermediate alloy Al-Hf, Al-Gd and Al-Zr, and preheating;
step two: melting aluminum, heating to 700 ℃ after melting, adding zinc and magnesium, and adding intermediate alloys Al-Hf, Al-Gd and Al-Zr when the temperature of the melt reaches 720-780 ℃;
step three: stirring for 3 minutes to fully melt all the raw materials, then heating to 790 ℃, keeping the temperature for 25 minutes, then cooling, refining for 6 minutes, and then standing for 30 minutes;
step four: cooling, removing the surface scum, and casting to obtain the aluminum alloy.
Furthermore, the purity of the aluminum, the zinc and the magnesium is more than 99.9 percent, and the purity of the intermediate alloy Al-Hf, Al-Gd and Al-Zr is more than 99.5 percent.
Further, the preheating in the first step includes feeding the raw material into a preheating kettle, and preheating at a temperature of 120 ℃ and 150 ℃;
and/or
In the third step, the temperature is reduced after the heat preservation is carried out for 25 minutes, namely the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt is reduced to 730-;
and/or
In the fourth step, the mold is preheated to 200-300 ℃ before casting.
A method of making a creep resistant, high temperature resistant cast aluminum alloy, as another aspect of the invention.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, a precipitated phase growing along a prism surface can be generated by adding Hf or Gd element, so that the creep resistance of the alloy is improved, on one hand, Zn can play a role of pinning a crystal boundary, on the other hand, Zn, Hf and Gd act together to form a large number of long-period ordered stacking structures, so that basal plane slippage of dislocation can be hindered, a matrix is strengthened, the high-temperature creep resistance of the alloy is further improved, and in addition, Zr is added as a grain refiner, so that grains can be obviously refined, and the yield strength of the alloy is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the metallographic image of the alloy described in example 1;
FIG. 2 shows the metallographic image of the alloy described in example 2;
FIG. 3 shows the metallographic image of the alloy according to example 3;
FIG. 4 shows the metallographic image of the alloy according to example 4;
FIG. 5 shows a gold phase diagram of the alloy described in the comparative example.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it is to be understood that various changes or modifications may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and equivalents may be made thereto.
The instruments, reagents, materials and the like used in the following examples are conventional instruments, reagents, materials and the like in the prior art and are commercially available in a normal manner unless otherwise specified. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods, detection methods, and the like described in the following examples are conventional experimental methods, detection methods, and the like in the prior art.
Example 1:
the method comprises the following steps: accurately weighing aluminum, zinc, magnesium and intermediate alloys Al-Hf, Al-Gd and Al-Zr according to the mass percent of 5.0 percent of Zn, 2.5 percent of Mg, 2.0 percent of Hf, 0.3 percent of Gd, 0.2 percent of Zr and the balance of Al, and sending the materials into a preheating kettle for preheating;
step two: feeding aluminum into a melting kettle for melting, heating to 700 ℃ after melting, adding zinc and magnesium, and adding intermediate alloys Al-Hf, Al-Gd and Al-Zr when the temperature of a melt reaches 720 ℃;
step three: stirring for 3 minutes to fully melt the mixture, then heating to 790 ℃, keeping the temperature for 25 minutes, then cooling, refining for 6 minutes, and then standing for 30 minutes;
step four: cooling, removing the surface scum, and casting.
Example 2
The method comprises the following steps: accurately weighing aluminum, zinc, magnesium and intermediate alloys Al-Hf, Al-Gd and Al-Zr according to the mass percent of 6.0 percent of Zn, 2.8 percent of Mg, 2.2 percent of Hf, 0.4 percent of Gd, 0.3 percent of Zr and the balance of Al, and sending the materials into a preheating kettle for preheating;
step two: feeding aluminum into a melting kettle for melting, heating to 700 ℃ after melting, adding zinc and magnesium, and adding intermediate alloys Al-Hf, Al-Gd and Al-Zr when the temperature of a melt reaches 720 ℃;
step three: stirring for 3 minutes to fully melt the mixture, then heating to 790 ℃, keeping the temperature for 25 minutes, then cooling, refining for 6 minutes, and then standing for 30 minutes;
step four: cooling, removing the surface scum, and casting.
Example 3
The method comprises the following steps: accurately weighing aluminum, zinc, magnesium and intermediate alloys Al-Hf, Al-Gd and Al-Zr according to the mass percent of 7.0 percent of Zn, 3.0 percent of Mg, 2.4 percent of Hf, 0.5 percent of Gd, 0.4 percent of Zr and the balance of Al, and sending the materials into a preheating kettle for preheating;
step two: feeding aluminum into a melting kettle for melting, heating to 700 ℃ after melting, adding zinc and magnesium, and adding intermediate alloys Al-Hf, Al-Gd and Al-Zr when the temperature of a melt reaches 720 ℃;
step three: stirring for 3 minutes to fully melt the mixture, then heating to 790 ℃, keeping the temperature for 25 minutes, then cooling, refining for 6 minutes, and then standing for 30 minutes;
step four: cooling, removing the surface scum, and casting.
Example 4
The method comprises the following steps: accurately weighing aluminum, zinc, magnesium and intermediate alloys Al-Hf, Al-Gd and Al-Zr according to the mass percent of 8.0 percent of Zn, 3.5 percent of Mg, 3.0 percent of Hf, 0.6 percent of Gd and 0.5 percent of Zr and the balance of Al, and sending the materials into a preheating kettle for preheating;
step two: feeding aluminum into a melting kettle for melting, heating to 700 ℃ after melting, adding zinc and magnesium, and adding intermediate alloys Al-Hf, Al-Gd and Al-Zr when the temperature of a melt reaches 720 ℃;
step three: stirring for 3 minutes to fully melt the mixture, then heating to 790 ℃, keeping the temperature for 25 minutes, then cooling, refining for 6 minutes, and then standing for 30 minutes;
step four: cooling, removing the surface scum, and casting.
Comparative example
The method comprises the following steps: accurately weighing aluminum, zinc, magnesium and intermediate alloy Al-Hf, Al-Gd and Al-Zr according to the mass percent of 8.0 percent of Zn, 3.5 percent of Mg and 0.5 percent of Zr and the balance of Al, and sending the aluminum, the zinc, the magnesium and the intermediate alloy Al-Hf, Al-Gd and Al-Zr into a preheating kettle for preheating;
step two: feeding aluminum into a melting kettle for melting, heating to 700 ℃ after melting, adding zinc and magnesium, and adding intermediate alloys Al-Hf, Al-Gd and Al-Zr when the temperature of a melt reaches 720 ℃;
step three: stirring for 3 minutes to fully melt the mixture, then heating to 790 ℃, keeping the temperature for 25 minutes, then cooling, refining for 6 minutes, and then standing for 30 minutes;
step four: cooling, removing the surface scum, and casting.
Example 5: performance testing of the aluminum alloys obtained in examples 1 to 4
The results of the performance tests are shown in the following table:
Figure BDA0003482004900000061
as can be seen from the table I, the high-temperature tensile property and the creep resistance of the alloy prepared by the invention are obviously improved compared with those of a control group. The addition of Hf or Gd element can generate a precipitated phase growing along the prism surface, the precipitated phase has excellent thermal stability at high temperature, the creep resistance of the alloy is improved, on one hand, Zn is added to generate a Zn-rich second phase with higher melting point near the crystal boundary of the alloy to play a role in pinning the crystal boundary, and simultaneously, Zn, Hf and Gd act together to form a large amount of long-period ordered stacking structures, so that basal plane slippage of dislocation can be hindered, a matrix is strengthened, and the high-temperature performance of the alloy is further improved.

Claims (9)

1. The creep-resistant high-temperature-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising 5.0-8.0% of Zn, 2.5-3.5% of Mg, 2.0-3.0% of Hf, 0.3-0.6% of Gd, 0.2-0.5% of Zr and the balance of Al and impurities by mass percent.
2. The creep resistant, high temperature resistant cast aluminum alloy of claim 1,
the impurities comprise Fe, Ni and Cu;
and/or
The mass of the impurities is less than 0.15 percent of the total mass.
3. The creep-resistant, high temperature-resistant cast aluminum alloy of claim 1, wherein the masses of Hf, Gd, and Zr are expressed as the masses of Hf, Gd, and Zr in the master alloys Al-Hf, Al-Gd, and Al-Zr, respectively.
4. The creep resistant, high temperature resistant cast aluminum alloy of claim 1, prepared by a method comprising:
the method comprises the following steps: weighing aluminum, zinc, magnesium and intermediate alloy Al-Hf, Al-Gd and Al-Zr, and preheating;
step two: melting aluminum, heating to 700 ℃ after melting, adding zinc and magnesium, and adding intermediate alloys Al-Hf, Al-Gd and Al-Zr when the temperature of the melt reaches 720-780 ℃;
step three: stirring for 3 minutes to fully melt all the raw materials, then heating to 790 ℃, keeping the temperature for 25 minutes, then cooling, refining for 6 minutes, and then standing for 30 minutes;
step four: cooling, removing the surface scum, and casting to obtain the aluminum alloy.
5. The creep resistant, high temperature resistant cast aluminum alloy of claim 1 or 4, wherein the purity of the aluminum, zinc, magnesium is 99.9% or higher and the purity of the master alloy Al-Hf, Al-Gd, and Al-Zr is 99.5% or higher.
6. The creep-resistant high-temperature-resistant cast aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 4, wherein the preheating in the first step comprises feeding the raw materials into a preheating kettle and preheating at a temperature of 120 ℃ and 150 ℃ based on the preheating temperature;
and/or
In the third step, the temperature is reduced after the heat preservation is carried out for 25 minutes, namely the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt is reduced to 730-;
and/or
In the fourth step, the mold is preheated to 200-300 ℃ before casting.
7. The method of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: weighing aluminum, zinc, magnesium and intermediate alloy Al-Hf, Al-Gd and Al-Zr, and preheating;
step two: melting aluminum, heating to 700 ℃ after melting, adding zinc and magnesium, and adding intermediate alloys Al-Hf, Al-Gd and Al-Zr when the temperature of the melt reaches 720-780 ℃;
step three: stirring for 3 minutes to fully melt all the raw materials, then heating to 790 ℃, keeping the temperature for 25 minutes, then cooling, refining for 6 minutes, and then standing for 30 minutes;
step four: cooling, removing the surface scum, and casting to obtain the aluminum alloy.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the Al, Zn, and Mg have a purity of 99.9% or higher, and the master alloy Al-Hf, Al-Gd, and Al-Zr have a purity of 99.5% or higher.
9. The method for preparing the creep-resistant high-temperature-resistant cast aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 7, wherein the preheating in the first step comprises feeding the raw materials into a preheating kettle and preheating at a temperature of 120 ℃ and 150 ℃ based on the preheating temperature;
and/or
In the third step, the temperature is reduced after the heat preservation is carried out for 25 minutes, namely the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt is reduced to 730-;
and/or
In the fourth step, the mold is preheated to 200-300 ℃ before casting.
CN202210070816.6A 2022-01-21 2022-01-21 Creep-resistant high-temperature-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Pending CN114540678A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115233056A (en) * 2022-08-04 2022-10-25 山东南山铝业股份有限公司 Creep-resistant high-temperature-resistant cast aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100139815A1 (en) * 2008-12-09 2010-06-10 United Technologies Corporation Conversion Process for heat treatable L12 aluminum aloys
CN106319305A (en) * 2016-10-31 2017-01-11 辽宁忠相铝业有限公司 Liquid forging technology method for 6061 material commercial vehicle aluminum alloy shaft head
CN107058825A (en) * 2016-02-11 2017-08-18 空中客车防务和空间有限责任公司 The Al Mg Zn alloys with scandium for the unitary construction of ALM structures
CN113122759A (en) * 2021-03-29 2021-07-16 烟台南山学院 Creep-resistant high-temperature-resistant cast aluminum alloy and manufacturing method thereof

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100139815A1 (en) * 2008-12-09 2010-06-10 United Technologies Corporation Conversion Process for heat treatable L12 aluminum aloys
CN107058825A (en) * 2016-02-11 2017-08-18 空中客车防务和空间有限责任公司 The Al Mg Zn alloys with scandium for the unitary construction of ALM structures
CN106319305A (en) * 2016-10-31 2017-01-11 辽宁忠相铝业有限公司 Liquid forging technology method for 6061 material commercial vehicle aluminum alloy shaft head
CN113122759A (en) * 2021-03-29 2021-07-16 烟台南山学院 Creep-resistant high-temperature-resistant cast aluminum alloy and manufacturing method thereof

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115233056A (en) * 2022-08-04 2022-10-25 山东南山铝业股份有限公司 Creep-resistant high-temperature-resistant cast aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof

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