CN114540678A - Creep-resistant high-temperature-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Creep-resistant high-temperature-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 4
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 43
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 43
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910018580 Al—Zr Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910018571 Al—Zn—Mg Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910017708 MgZn2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010587 phase diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/10—Alloys based on aluminium with zinc as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/03—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a creep-resistant high-temperature-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, and mainly relates to the field of aluminum alloys. The using components comprise, by mass, 5.0-8.0% of Zn, 2.5-3.5% of Mg, 2.0-3.0% of Hf, 0.3-0.6% of Gd and 0.2-0.5% of Zr, and the balance of Al and impurities. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method solves the problem of mutual inhibition of complex components in the aluminum alloy processing in use in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of aluminum alloy, in particular to a creep-resistant high-temperature-resistant cast aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The aluminum profile has wide application range and more types on the passenger car, and has a car body structural part, a car body covering part and a decorating part. Most of aluminum profile parts applied to the passenger car at first have low requirements on strength, but have high requirements on corrosion resistance, wear resistance and appearance quality. Along with the progress of science and technology, the passenger car structure also develops towards the direction of a full-bearing structure gradually. At present, the proportion of the full-load passenger cars of main passenger car production enterprises exceeds 50 percent. In order to improve the corrosion resistance of the passenger car, prolong the service life of the passenger car and reduce the maintenance cost, more and more passenger car production enterprises adopt aluminum profiles. Under the multiple requirements of fuel economy, safety and environmental protection, some domestic passenger car manufacturing enterprises have started to consider developing aluminum alloy full-load passengers to mainly transit from decoration parts to load-bearing structural parts. Rectangular, trough-shaped, T-shaped and other general aluminum profiles are beginning to be commonly applied to passenger car body structures. The passenger car longitudinal beam is used as an important component of a frame, has enough strength and rigidity to bear the load of an automobile and the impact transmitted from wheels, and is designed to meet basic performance requirements of practicability, durability, safety and the like and further meet actual use working conditions.
The main strengthening phases of Al-Zn-Mg-based alloys are MgZn2(η) and Al2Mg3Zn (t). The alloy is designed comprehensively in terms of microstructure, heat treatment and components, and high-strength alloy with good comprehensive performance can be obtained. The content of Zn and Mg in the alloy is increased, and the tensile strength is further improved, but the stress corrosion resistance of the alloy is reduced; hf can increase the supersaturation degree of the solid solution and improve the aging speed, and Hf can also improve the quenching sensitivity of the alloy and enhance the stress corrosion resistance. Gd is one of common additive elements in the ultrahigh-strength aluminum alloy and has obvious influence on the performance of the aluminum alloy. According to a recrystallization nucleation mechanism, dispersed Al3Gd has small particle size and high concentration, has strong pinning effect on slippage and climbing of dislocation and movement of grain boundary, and can stabilize substructure of a deformed tissue and hinder heating. The dislocation is rearranged into subcrystal boundary and then develops into large angle crystal boundary, thereby hindering the nucleation of recrystallization, and in Al-Zn-Mg alloy, the element zirconium has more remarkable effects of inhibiting recrystallization, increasing the recrystallization temperature of the alloy, and improving the strength, fracture toughness and stress corrosion resistance of the alloy.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a creep-resistant high-temperature-resistant cast aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, which solve the problem of mutual inhibition of complex components in aluminum alloy processing in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a creep-resistant high-temperature-resistant cast aluminum alloy comprises, by mass, 5.0-8.0% of Zn, 2.5-3.5% of Mg, 2.0-3.0% of Hf, 0.3-0.6% of Gd, 0.2-0.5% of Zr, and the balance of Al and impurities.
Further, the impurities comprise Fe, Ni and Cu;
and/or
The mass of the impurities is less than 0.15 percent of the total mass.
Further, the mass of Hf, Gd and Zr is respectively recorded as the mass of Hf, Gd and Zr in the intermediate alloy Al-Hf, Al-Gd and Al-Zr.
Further, the preparation method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: weighing aluminum, zinc, magnesium and intermediate alloy Al-Hf, Al-Gd and Al-Zr, and preheating;
step two: melting aluminum, heating to 700 ℃ after melting, adding zinc and magnesium, and adding intermediate alloys Al-Hf, Al-Gd and Al-Zr when the temperature of the melt reaches 720-780 ℃;
step three: stirring for 3 minutes to fully melt all the raw materials, then heating to 790 ℃, keeping the temperature for 25 minutes, then cooling, refining for 6 minutes, and then standing for 30 minutes;
step four: cooling, removing the surface scum, and casting to obtain the aluminum alloy.
Furthermore, the purity of the aluminum, the zinc and the magnesium is more than 99.9 percent, and the purity of the intermediate alloy Al-Hf, Al-Gd and Al-Zr is more than 99.5 percent.
Further, the preheating in the first step includes feeding the raw material into a preheating kettle, and preheating at a temperature of 120 ℃ and 150 ℃;
and/or
In the third step, the temperature is reduced after the heat preservation is carried out for 25 minutes, namely the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt is reduced to 730-;
and/or
In the fourth step, the mold is preheated to 200-300 ℃ before casting.
A method of making a creep resistant, high temperature resistant cast aluminum alloy, as another aspect of the invention.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, a precipitated phase growing along a prism surface can be generated by adding Hf or Gd element, so that the creep resistance of the alloy is improved, on one hand, Zn can play a role of pinning a crystal boundary, on the other hand, Zn, Hf and Gd act together to form a large number of long-period ordered stacking structures, so that basal plane slippage of dislocation can be hindered, a matrix is strengthened, the high-temperature creep resistance of the alloy is further improved, and in addition, Zr is added as a grain refiner, so that grains can be obviously refined, and the yield strength of the alloy is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the metallographic image of the alloy described in example 1;
FIG. 2 shows the metallographic image of the alloy described in example 2;
FIG. 3 shows the metallographic image of the alloy according to example 3;
FIG. 4 shows the metallographic image of the alloy according to example 4;
FIG. 5 shows a gold phase diagram of the alloy described in the comparative example.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Further, it is to be understood that various changes or modifications may be made by those skilled in the art after reading the teaching of the present invention, and equivalents may be made thereto.
The instruments, reagents, materials and the like used in the following examples are conventional instruments, reagents, materials and the like in the prior art and are commercially available in a normal manner unless otherwise specified. Unless otherwise specified, the experimental methods, detection methods, and the like described in the following examples are conventional experimental methods, detection methods, and the like in the prior art.
Example 1:
the method comprises the following steps: accurately weighing aluminum, zinc, magnesium and intermediate alloys Al-Hf, Al-Gd and Al-Zr according to the mass percent of 5.0 percent of Zn, 2.5 percent of Mg, 2.0 percent of Hf, 0.3 percent of Gd, 0.2 percent of Zr and the balance of Al, and sending the materials into a preheating kettle for preheating;
step two: feeding aluminum into a melting kettle for melting, heating to 700 ℃ after melting, adding zinc and magnesium, and adding intermediate alloys Al-Hf, Al-Gd and Al-Zr when the temperature of a melt reaches 720 ℃;
step three: stirring for 3 minutes to fully melt the mixture, then heating to 790 ℃, keeping the temperature for 25 minutes, then cooling, refining for 6 minutes, and then standing for 30 minutes;
step four: cooling, removing the surface scum, and casting.
Example 2
The method comprises the following steps: accurately weighing aluminum, zinc, magnesium and intermediate alloys Al-Hf, Al-Gd and Al-Zr according to the mass percent of 6.0 percent of Zn, 2.8 percent of Mg, 2.2 percent of Hf, 0.4 percent of Gd, 0.3 percent of Zr and the balance of Al, and sending the materials into a preheating kettle for preheating;
step two: feeding aluminum into a melting kettle for melting, heating to 700 ℃ after melting, adding zinc and magnesium, and adding intermediate alloys Al-Hf, Al-Gd and Al-Zr when the temperature of a melt reaches 720 ℃;
step three: stirring for 3 minutes to fully melt the mixture, then heating to 790 ℃, keeping the temperature for 25 minutes, then cooling, refining for 6 minutes, and then standing for 30 minutes;
step four: cooling, removing the surface scum, and casting.
Example 3
The method comprises the following steps: accurately weighing aluminum, zinc, magnesium and intermediate alloys Al-Hf, Al-Gd and Al-Zr according to the mass percent of 7.0 percent of Zn, 3.0 percent of Mg, 2.4 percent of Hf, 0.5 percent of Gd, 0.4 percent of Zr and the balance of Al, and sending the materials into a preheating kettle for preheating;
step two: feeding aluminum into a melting kettle for melting, heating to 700 ℃ after melting, adding zinc and magnesium, and adding intermediate alloys Al-Hf, Al-Gd and Al-Zr when the temperature of a melt reaches 720 ℃;
step three: stirring for 3 minutes to fully melt the mixture, then heating to 790 ℃, keeping the temperature for 25 minutes, then cooling, refining for 6 minutes, and then standing for 30 minutes;
step four: cooling, removing the surface scum, and casting.
Example 4
The method comprises the following steps: accurately weighing aluminum, zinc, magnesium and intermediate alloys Al-Hf, Al-Gd and Al-Zr according to the mass percent of 8.0 percent of Zn, 3.5 percent of Mg, 3.0 percent of Hf, 0.6 percent of Gd and 0.5 percent of Zr and the balance of Al, and sending the materials into a preheating kettle for preheating;
step two: feeding aluminum into a melting kettle for melting, heating to 700 ℃ after melting, adding zinc and magnesium, and adding intermediate alloys Al-Hf, Al-Gd and Al-Zr when the temperature of a melt reaches 720 ℃;
step three: stirring for 3 minutes to fully melt the mixture, then heating to 790 ℃, keeping the temperature for 25 minutes, then cooling, refining for 6 minutes, and then standing for 30 minutes;
step four: cooling, removing the surface scum, and casting.
Comparative example
The method comprises the following steps: accurately weighing aluminum, zinc, magnesium and intermediate alloy Al-Hf, Al-Gd and Al-Zr according to the mass percent of 8.0 percent of Zn, 3.5 percent of Mg and 0.5 percent of Zr and the balance of Al, and sending the aluminum, the zinc, the magnesium and the intermediate alloy Al-Hf, Al-Gd and Al-Zr into a preheating kettle for preheating;
step two: feeding aluminum into a melting kettle for melting, heating to 700 ℃ after melting, adding zinc and magnesium, and adding intermediate alloys Al-Hf, Al-Gd and Al-Zr when the temperature of a melt reaches 720 ℃;
step three: stirring for 3 minutes to fully melt the mixture, then heating to 790 ℃, keeping the temperature for 25 minutes, then cooling, refining for 6 minutes, and then standing for 30 minutes;
step four: cooling, removing the surface scum, and casting.
Example 5: performance testing of the aluminum alloys obtained in examples 1 to 4
The results of the performance tests are shown in the following table:
as can be seen from the table I, the high-temperature tensile property and the creep resistance of the alloy prepared by the invention are obviously improved compared with those of a control group. The addition of Hf or Gd element can generate a precipitated phase growing along the prism surface, the precipitated phase has excellent thermal stability at high temperature, the creep resistance of the alloy is improved, on one hand, Zn is added to generate a Zn-rich second phase with higher melting point near the crystal boundary of the alloy to play a role in pinning the crystal boundary, and simultaneously, Zn, Hf and Gd act together to form a large amount of long-period ordered stacking structures, so that basal plane slippage of dislocation can be hindered, a matrix is strengthened, and the high-temperature performance of the alloy is further improved.
Claims (9)
1. The creep-resistant high-temperature-resistant rare earth aluminum alloy is characterized by comprising 5.0-8.0% of Zn, 2.5-3.5% of Mg, 2.0-3.0% of Hf, 0.3-0.6% of Gd, 0.2-0.5% of Zr and the balance of Al and impurities by mass percent.
2. The creep resistant, high temperature resistant cast aluminum alloy of claim 1,
the impurities comprise Fe, Ni and Cu;
and/or
The mass of the impurities is less than 0.15 percent of the total mass.
3. The creep-resistant, high temperature-resistant cast aluminum alloy of claim 1, wherein the masses of Hf, Gd, and Zr are expressed as the masses of Hf, Gd, and Zr in the master alloys Al-Hf, Al-Gd, and Al-Zr, respectively.
4. The creep resistant, high temperature resistant cast aluminum alloy of claim 1, prepared by a method comprising:
the method comprises the following steps: weighing aluminum, zinc, magnesium and intermediate alloy Al-Hf, Al-Gd and Al-Zr, and preheating;
step two: melting aluminum, heating to 700 ℃ after melting, adding zinc and magnesium, and adding intermediate alloys Al-Hf, Al-Gd and Al-Zr when the temperature of the melt reaches 720-780 ℃;
step three: stirring for 3 minutes to fully melt all the raw materials, then heating to 790 ℃, keeping the temperature for 25 minutes, then cooling, refining for 6 minutes, and then standing for 30 minutes;
step four: cooling, removing the surface scum, and casting to obtain the aluminum alloy.
5. The creep resistant, high temperature resistant cast aluminum alloy of claim 1 or 4, wherein the purity of the aluminum, zinc, magnesium is 99.9% or higher and the purity of the master alloy Al-Hf, Al-Gd, and Al-Zr is 99.5% or higher.
6. The creep-resistant high-temperature-resistant cast aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 4, wherein the preheating in the first step comprises feeding the raw materials into a preheating kettle and preheating at a temperature of 120 ℃ and 150 ℃ based on the preheating temperature;
and/or
In the third step, the temperature is reduced after the heat preservation is carried out for 25 minutes, namely the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt is reduced to 730-;
and/or
In the fourth step, the mold is preheated to 200-300 ℃ before casting.
7. The method of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
the method comprises the following steps: weighing aluminum, zinc, magnesium and intermediate alloy Al-Hf, Al-Gd and Al-Zr, and preheating;
step two: melting aluminum, heating to 700 ℃ after melting, adding zinc and magnesium, and adding intermediate alloys Al-Hf, Al-Gd and Al-Zr when the temperature of the melt reaches 720-780 ℃;
step three: stirring for 3 minutes to fully melt all the raw materials, then heating to 790 ℃, keeping the temperature for 25 minutes, then cooling, refining for 6 minutes, and then standing for 30 minutes;
step four: cooling, removing the surface scum, and casting to obtain the aluminum alloy.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the Al, Zn, and Mg have a purity of 99.9% or higher, and the master alloy Al-Hf, Al-Gd, and Al-Zr have a purity of 99.5% or higher.
9. The method for preparing the creep-resistant high-temperature-resistant cast aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 7, wherein the preheating in the first step comprises feeding the raw materials into a preheating kettle and preheating at a temperature of 120 ℃ and 150 ℃ based on the preheating temperature;
and/or
In the third step, the temperature is reduced after the heat preservation is carried out for 25 minutes, namely the temperature of the aluminum alloy melt is reduced to 730-;
and/or
In the fourth step, the mold is preheated to 200-300 ℃ before casting.
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CN115233056A (en) * | 2022-08-04 | 2022-10-25 | 山东南山铝业股份有限公司 | Creep-resistant high-temperature-resistant cast aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
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CN113122759A (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2021-07-16 | 烟台南山学院 | Creep-resistant high-temperature-resistant cast aluminum alloy and manufacturing method thereof |
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US20100139815A1 (en) * | 2008-12-09 | 2010-06-10 | United Technologies Corporation | Conversion Process for heat treatable L12 aluminum aloys |
CN107058825A (en) * | 2016-02-11 | 2017-08-18 | 空中客车防务和空间有限责任公司 | The Al Mg Zn alloys with scandium for the unitary construction of ALM structures |
CN106319305A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-01-11 | 辽宁忠相铝业有限公司 | Liquid forging technology method for 6061 material commercial vehicle aluminum alloy shaft head |
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CN115233056A (en) * | 2022-08-04 | 2022-10-25 | 山东南山铝业股份有限公司 | Creep-resistant high-temperature-resistant cast aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof |
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