CN114526510A - Solar heating system and method for series connection of centralized cross-season and short-term distributed heat storage - Google Patents
Solar heating system and method for series connection of centralized cross-season and short-term distributed heat storage Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 171
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 87
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 273
- JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N h2o hydrate Chemical compound O.O JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000008236 heating water Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D15/00—Other domestic- or space-heating systems
- F24D15/02—Other domestic- or space-heating systems consisting of self-contained heating units, e.g. storage heaters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D15/00—Other domestic- or space-heating systems
- F24D15/04—Other domestic- or space-heating systems using heat pumps
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D19/00—Details
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D19/00—Details
- F24D19/10—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
- F24D19/1006—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heating systems
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
- F24S10/30—Solar heat collectors using working fluids with means for exchanging heat between two or more working fluids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S50/00—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors
- F24S50/40—Arrangements for controlling solar heat collectors responsive to temperature
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
- F24S60/30—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors storing heat in liquids
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
- F24D2200/12—Heat pump
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
- F24D2200/00—Heat sources or energy sources
- F24D2200/14—Solar energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
- Y02B10/70—Hybrid systems, e.g. uninterruptible or back-up power supplies integrating renewable energies
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
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Abstract
The invention discloses a solar heating system and a method for connecting a concentrated cross-season heat storage system and a short-term distributed heat storage system in series, wherein the solar heating system comprises a concentrated cross-season heat storage solar heat source station and a short-term distributed heat storage distributed heat exchange station; the distributed heat exchange stations are connected in parallel; the solar heat source station is connected with each distributed heat exchange station through a long-distance transmission and distribution pipeline; the distributed heat exchange station is connected with a user heating system; the heat collected by the solar heat collection field is stored in a centralized cross-season heat storage water pool, the heat is conveyed to a short-term distributed heat storage distributed heat exchange station at a low temperature through a remote transmission and distribution pipeline, the heat is subjected to heat exchange and quality improvement through a water-water heat exchange heat pump in the heat exchange station, the heated hot water is stored in a short-term heat storage water tank, and finally, a circulating booster pump and a water distributor supply heat to each heat user. The invention can effectively improve the energy utilization rate of the solar heating system and ensure the stability of the system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solar heating, in particular to a solar heating system and a solar heating method with centralized cross-season and short-term distributed heat storage series connection.
Background
Solar heating is an important technical branch in the solar heat utilization technology at the present stage. Although the total amount of solar energy resources is huge, the intermittent heating of the solar heating system is unstable due to the characteristics of solar radiation such as daily fluctuation and seasonal fluctuation. The low-cost hot water heat storage at the present stage is the most effective way for relieving the instability of solar heating.
According to the scale of the solar heating and heat storage water body, two modes of long-term and short-term heat storage across seasons can be generally adopted. Short-term thermal storage systems have the characteristics of low cost, low heat loss, but limited thermal storage, and are therefore commonly used in consumer or small-scale solar heating systems. For a large-scale regional solar heating system, in order to improve the solar guarantee rate by utilizing solar heat collection quantity outside a heating season, a cross-season large-scale heat storage water body is usually adopted, the heat loss ratio of the cross-season heat storage water pool is large due to the long heat storage duration period and the large heat dissipation area of the cross-season heat storage water body, and particularly the heat storage loss is more obvious when the designed heat storage temperature of the heat storage water pool is high. Therefore, certain advantages and defects exist when the short-term heat storage technology and the centralized cross-season heat storage technology are independently applied.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a solar heating system and a method for connecting a concentrated cross-season and short-term distributed heat storage in series, wherein two heat storage modes are combined and supplemented with each other, and the defect that the two heat storage modes are independently applied is overcome. The heat collected by the solar heat collection field is stored in a centralized cross-season heat storage water pool, the heat is conveyed to a short-term distributed heat storage distributed heat exchange station at a low temperature through a remote transmission and distribution pipeline, the heat is subjected to heat exchange and quality improvement through a water-water heat exchange heat pump in the heat exchange station, the heated hot water is stored in a short-term heat storage water tank, and finally, a circulating booster pump and a water distributor supply heat to each heat user. In addition, the electric power consumed by the heat exchange heat pump preferentially adopts surplus electricity such as wind power, photovoltaic and the like, so that the effect of consuming the surplus electricity of renewable energy sources is achieved, and the carbon emission in the operation of a heat supply system is reduced. The design of the invention can effectively improve the energy utilization rate of the solar heating system and ensure the stability of the system, and is beneficial to the popularization and the application of the solar centralized heating system in urban areas with rich solar energy resources in China.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a solar heating system with centralized cross-season heat storage and short-term distributed heat storage in series connection comprises a solar heat source station with centralized cross-season heat storage and a distributed heat exchange station with short-term distributed heat storage; a plurality of groups of short-term distributed heat storage distributed heat exchange stations are arranged in parallel;
the solar heat source station is connected with the distributed heat exchange stations through remote transmission and distribution pipelines, and the mid-span seasonal heat storage water tank and the short-term distributed heat storage water tank are connected in series.
The solar heat source station comprises a concentrated solar heat collection system 1 and a cross-season heat storage water tank 3, wherein the concentrated solar heat collection system 1 is connected with a first heat exchanger 2, the cross-season heat storage water tank 3 is provided with heat stratification, the water temperature at the upper part is relatively high, the water temperature at the lower part is relatively low, a temperature sensor and two pipelines are respectively arranged at the high-temperature water and the low-temperature water of the cross-season heat storage water tank 3, the two pipelines are respectively connected with the first heat exchanger 2 and a second heat exchanger 4, the first heat exchanger 2 is used for storing heat generated by the concentrated solar heat collection system in non-heating seasons, and the second heat exchanger 4 is used for conveying the stored heat to users of each heat temperature sensor in heating seasons;
the concentrated solar heat collection system 1 comprises a solar heat collector array 1-1 for receiving solar radiation, the solar heat collector array 1-1 is connected with a first heat exchanger 2 through a pipeline, a temperature sensor 1-2 is arranged on the pipeline, high-temperature antifreeze liquid is subjected to heat exchange through the first heat exchanger 2 and then flows into the heat collector array 1-1 through a heat collection circulating pump 1-4 under pressure, first circulating pipeline hot water heated by the first heat exchanger 2 flows into a season-crossing heat storage water tank 3 through a gate valve 5, the heat source side of the first heat exchanger 2 is connected with the solar heat collector array 1-1 through a supply pipe and a return pipe of a heat collection circulating loop, the heat exchange side of the first heat exchanger 2 is connected with the season-crossing heat storage water tank 3 through a first heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 2-1 and a first heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 2-2, and a gate valve second 5 is connected in series on the first heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 2-1, and a gate valve III 6 and a hot water circulating pump I7 are connected in series on the cold water pipe 2-2 of the first heat exchange pipeline.
And the hot water in the second heat exchange pipeline heated by the second heat exchanger 4 is pressurized by a hot water circulating pump 15 and is sent to the short-term distributed heat storage distributed heat exchange stations in each heat user area through a long-distance transmission and distribution pipeline.
The short-term distributed heat storage distributed heat exchange station comprises a water-water heat exchange heat pump 18 and a short-term heat storage water tank 19, the water-water heat exchange heat pump 18 is connected with the short-term heat storage water tank 19, and the short-term heat storage water tank 19 is connected with a user heating system 26;
the heat in the short-term distributed heat storage distributed heat exchange station is stored in the short-term heat storage water tank 19 through a short-term heat storage water tank hot water inflow pipe 19-3, cold water in the short-term heat storage water tank 19 flows out through a short-term heat storage water tank cold water outflow pipe 19-4, and a hot water circulating pump four 22 is connected to the short-term heat storage water tank cold water outflow pipe 19-4 in series;
a heating water supply pipe 19-5 and a heating water return pipe 19-6 of the short-term heat storage water tank 19 are connected with a user heating system 26, a gate valve cross 24 and a gate valve cross 25 are respectively connected on the heating water supply pipe 19-5 and the heating water return pipe 19-6 in series, and a heating circulating pump 23 is connected on the heating water supply pipe 19-5 in series.
The heating water supply port of the short-term heat storage water tank 19 is arranged at the middle upper part, the heating water return port is arranged at the middle lower part, the water replenishing port is arranged at the lower part, the safety valve 19-1 is arranged at the top of the short-term heat storage water tank 19, the temperature sensor 19-2 for monitoring the temperature of water in the water tank in real time is arranged on the side surface of the short-term heat storage water tank 19, and the short-term heat storage water tank 19 is connected with a user heating system 26 through the heating water supply pipe 19-5 and the heating water return pipe 19-6.
The Y-shaped filter 26-1 is arranged at the joint of the heating water return pipe 19-6 and the user heating system 26, and the water separator 26-2 and the water collector 26-3 are arranged in the user heating system 26.
The first heat exchanger 2 and the second heat exchanger 4 are plate heat exchangers.
A control method of a solar heating system which is connected with short-term distributed heat storage in series in a centralized cross-season mode comprises the following steps;
in a solar heating system with series connection of concentrated cross-season and short-term distributed heat storage, a concentrated cross-season heat storage water tank 3 of a solar heat source station serves as a first-stage low-temperature heat accumulator, a distributed heat storage water tank 19 in a short-term distributed heat storage heat exchange station serves as a second-stage heat supply heat accumulator, namely, low-temperature hot water stored in the first-stage heat accumulator is upgraded and heated by a water-water heat exchange heat pump 18 and then flows into the short-term distributed heat storage water tank 19, and then heat supply is carried out on each heating heat user;
the control method mainly comprises two parts of heat accumulation of a solar heat source station and hot water transmission and distribution for system heating, and comprises the following steps;
the solar heat collector array 1-1 in the concentrated solar heat collection system 1 receives solar radiation all the year round, and when the irradiance exceeds a set value (such as 300W/square meter) and the temperature of a temperature sensor 1-2 is lower than a set temperature (such as 80 ℃), the antifreeze solution is preheated, so that the temperature of the antifreeze solution in a circulation loop is balanced; when the irradiance exceeds a set value (such as 300W/square meter), and the temperature of the temperature sensor 1-2 is higher than a set temperature (such as 80 ℃), heat is exchanged outwards through the first heat exchanger 2;
the temperature of the temperature sensor 1-2 is higher than the temperature of a hot water temperature sensor 3-1 at the low-temperature water position of the cross-season heat storage water tank by 10 ℃, high-temperature antifreeze passes through the first heat exchanger 2, after heat exchange is carried out by the first heat exchanger 2, the antifreeze in the pipeline is changed from high temperature to low temperature, and the antifreeze is pressurized by the heat collection circulating pump 1-4 and flows into the heat collector array 1-1 to prepare the next cycle;
hot water in a first circulation pipeline heated by a first heat exchanger 2 flows into a cross-season heat storage water tank 3 through a gate valve 5, heat collected by a centralized solar heat collection system 1 is stored in the cross-season heat storage water tank 3 in non-heating seasons, high-temperature water in the cross-season heat storage water tank 3 flows through a second heat exchanger for heat exchange 4 to become low-temperature water when heating is required in the heating seasons, the low-temperature water after heat exchange is pressurized by a hot water circulation pump 10 and returns to the cross-season heat storage water tank 3, and the circulation is repeated;
when a heat user needs to supply heat, hot water in a second heat exchange pipeline heated by the second heat exchanger 4 is pressurized by a hot water circulating pump 15 and sent to a short-term distributed heat storage distributed heat exchange station in each heat user area through a long-distance transmission and distribution pipeline, and if the temperature of the circulating hot water is lower than the lowest set value (such as 40 ℃) of the temperature of a short-term heat storage water tank 19, a water-water heat exchange heat pump 18 is started to heat the circulating hot water, and the heated circulating hot water enters the short-term heat storage water tank 19;
when a heat user has a heating demand, high-temperature hot water in the short-term heat storage water tank 19 is pressurized by a heating circulating pump 23 and then flows into the water separator 26-2 through a heating water supply pipe 19-5, high-temperature hot water in the water separator 26-2 is changed into low-temperature cold water after heat release at the heat radiating end of the user, the low-temperature cold water returns to the water collector 26-3 and enters the short-term heat storage water tank 19 through a heating water return pipe 19-6, and the circulation is repeated so as to meet the heating demand of a heat user area;
the temperature sensors I1-2, the temperature sensors II 3-1, the temperature sensors III 11, the temperature sensors IV 12 and the temperature sensors V19-2 monitor the temperature of antifreeze at the outlet of the concentrated solar heat collection system 1, the temperature of low-temperature water in the cross-season heat storage water tank 3, the temperature of water at the inlet and the outlet of the second heat exchanger 4 and the temperature of water in the short-term heat storage water tank 19 in real time, and transmit temperature signals to the system controller:
when the solar heat collector array 1-1 receives solar radiation, when the irradiance exceeds a set value (such as 300W/square meter), opening a gate valve 1-4, a heat collection circulating pump 1-6, and using a three-way valve 1-3, namely an inlet a and an outlet b; irradiance exceeds a set value (such as 300W/square meter), and the temperature of the temperature sensor is 1-2 ℃ and the temperature of the seasonal heat storage water tank is lowTemperature at water (T)3-1) The difference is greater than 10 ℃ (T)1-2-T3-1>10 ℃), opening the second gate valve 5, the third gate valve 6, the hot water circulating pump 7, closing the first gate valve 1-4, using the first three-way valve 1-3 to make the inlet a and the outlet c reach the temperature of the first temperature sensor 1-2 (T)S) The temperature (T) of the low-temperature water in the cross-season heat storage water pool3-1) The difference is reduced to 2 deg.C (T)1-2-T3-1<2 ℃), closing the second gate valve 5, the third gate valve 6, opening the first gate valve 1-4, and using the inlet a and the outlet b of the first three-way valve 1-3;
when the temperature difference (T) between the temperature sensor three 11 and the temperature sensor four 1211-T12) When the temperature difference between the third temperature sensor 11 and the fourth temperature sensor 12 is higher than the set value plus 5 ℃ (such as 30 ℃ plus 5 ℃), the opening degree of the sixth gate valve 13 is adjusted to be small, the flow of the circulating hot water in the remote transmission and distribution pipeline is reduced, and when the temperature difference between the third temperature sensor 11 and the fourth temperature sensor 12 is higher than the set value plus 5 ℃ (such as 30 ℃ plus 5 ℃), the sixth gate valve 13 is normally opened;
when the temperature of the hot water in the second heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 16 is lower than the minimum design value (such as 40 ℃) of the water temperature of the short-term heat storage water tank 19, starting the water-water heat exchange heat pump 18 to heat the hot water in the second heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 16, and entering the short-term heat storage water tank 19 after heating; when the fifth temperature sensor 19-2 detects that the water temperature in the short-term heat storage water tank is higher than the designed average value (such as 50 ℃), the signal is transmitted to the system controller, and the water-water heat exchange heat pump 18, the gate valve eight 20 and the gate valve nine 21 are closed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a solar heating system with centralized cross-season and short-term distributed heat storage series connection, which combines two heat storage modes to supplement each other and overcomes the defect that the two heat storage modes are independently applied. The heat collected by the solar heat collection field is stored in a centralized cross-season heat storage water pool, the heat is conveyed to a short-term distributed heat storage distributed heat exchange station at a low temperature through a remote transmission and distribution pipeline, the heat is subjected to heat exchange and quality improvement through a water-water heat exchange heat pump in the heat exchange station, the heated hot water is stored in a short-term heat storage water tank, and finally, a circulating booster pump and a water distributor supply heat to each heat user. In addition, the electric power consumed by the heat exchange heat pump preferentially adopts surplus electricity such as wind power, photovoltaic and the like, so that the effect of consuming the surplus electricity of renewable energy sources is achieved, and the carbon emission in the operation of a heat supply system is reduced. The design of the invention can effectively improve the energy utilization rate of the solar heating system and ensure the stability of the system, and is beneficial to the popularization and the application of the solar centralized heating system in urban areas with rich solar energy resources in China.
The centralized cross-season heat storage water tank can serve as a primary low-temperature heat accumulator, and the distributed heat storage water tank serves as a secondary heat supply heat accumulator, namely, the low-temperature hot water stored in the primary heat accumulator is subjected to quality improvement and temperature increase by the water-water heat exchange heat pump and then flows into the short-term distributed heat storage water tank, and then supplies heat to all heat supply users; the beneficial effect who brings can effectively reduce the heat medium temperature of striding the extensive heat accumulation water in season and long distance heat transmission pipe network on the basis of guaranteeing that user's heating heat medium temperature is up to standard, and then reduces the calorific loss of system, improves the solar energy assurance rate.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a system diagram of a solar heating system with a centralized cross-season and short-term distributed heat storage series connection provided by the implementation of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a system diagram of a concentrated solar energy collection system provided by the practice of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a partial structural schematic diagram of a short-term distributed heat storage distributed heat exchange station provided by the implementation of the invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a part of a user heating system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a flow chart of system control provided by the implementation of the present invention.
Reference numerals:
1, concentrating a solar heat collection system; 1-1 solar collector array; 1-2, a first temperature sensor; 1-3 a first three-way valve; 1-4, a first gate valve; 1-5 constant pressure expansion tank; 1-6 heat collection circulating pump; 2 a first heat exchanger; 2-1, a first heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe; 2-2 a first heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe; 3, a seasonal heat storage water tank; 3-1, a second temperature sensor; 4 a second heat exchanger; 5, a second gate valve; 6, a gate valve III; 7, a hot water circulating pump I; 8, a gate valve IV; 9, a gate valve V; 10 hot water circulating pump II; 11 a third temperature sensor; 12, a fourth temperature sensor; 13, a gate valve six; 14, a gate valve seven; 15 hot water circulating pump III; 16 a second heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe; 17 a second heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe; 18 water-water heat exchange heat pump; 19 short term thermal storage tank; 19-1 safety valve; 19-2, a temperature sensor five; 19-3 short-term heat storage water tank hot water inflow pipe; 19-4 short-term heat storage water tank cold water outflow pipe; 19-5 heating water supply pipes; 19-6 heating water return pipes; 20, a gate valve eight; 21, a gate valve nine; 22 hot water circulating pump IV; 23 heating circulating pump; a gate valve of 24 tenth; 25, eleven gate valves; 26 user heating system; 26-1Y filter; 26-2 water separator; 26-3 water collector.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the solar heating system provided in this embodiment, which is connected in series with short-term distributed heat storage across seasons, includes: the system comprises a solar heat source station for storing heat in a centralized and cross-season manner, a remote transmission and distribution pipeline, a short-term distributed heat storage distributed heat exchange station and a user heating system (each user heating system is provided with one short-term distributed heat storage distributed heat exchange station). Wherein, each short-term distributed heat storage distributed heat exchange station and the user heating system are connected in parallel and connected with the solar heat source station through a remote transmission and distribution pipeline, and each pipeline is provided with necessary valves and circulating pumps for maintenance and control requirements.
As shown in fig. 2, the concentrated solar heat collecting system 1 includes: the system comprises a solar heat collector array 1-1, a temperature sensor I1-2, a three-way valve I1-3, a gate valve I1-4, a constant pressure expansion tank 1-5 and a heat collection circulating pump 1-6. Wherein the constant pressure expansion valve 1-5 is connected with the heat collection circulation loop through an indirect pipe. The heat source side of the first heat exchanger 2 is connected with a solar heat collector array 1-1 through a heat collecting circulation loop, the heat exchange side of the first heat exchanger 2 is connected with a season-crossing heat storage water tank 3 through a first heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 2-1 and a first heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 2-2, a second gate valve 5 is connected on the first heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 2-1 in series, a third gate valve 6 is connected on the first heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 2-2 in series, and a first hot water circulation pump 7 is connected on the first heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe 2-2 in series.
As shown in fig. 3, the heat in the short-term distributed heat storage distributed heat exchange station is stored in the short-term heat storage water tank 19 through the short-term heat storage water tank hot water inflow pipe 19-3, the cold water in the short-term heat storage water tank 19 flows out through the short-term heat storage water tank cold water outflow pipe 19-4, and the hot water circulation pump four 22 is connected in series to the short-term heat storage water tank cold water outflow pipe 19-4; the short-term heat storage water tank 19 is connected with a user heating system 26 through a heating water supply pipe 19-5 and a heating water return pipe 19-6 in order to meet the heating requirements of users, a gate valve cross 24 and a gate valve cross 25 are respectively connected to the heating water supply pipe 19-5 and the heating water return pipe 19-6 in series, and a heating circulating pump 23 is connected to the heating water supply pipe 19-5 in series.
The heating water supply port of the short-term heat storage water tank 19 is arranged at the middle upper part, the heating water return port is arranged at the middle lower part, the water replenishing port is arranged at the lower part, and the safety valve 19-1 is arranged at the upper part. A temperature sensor five 19-2 for monitoring the water temperature in the water tank in real time is arranged in the short-term heat storage water tank 19, and the temperature sensor five 19-2 is connected to the system controller through a line. The water temperature in the short-term heat storage water tank 19 is set to a maximum design value, a minimum design value and a design average value, the temperature in the short-term heat storage water tank is uniform, and the side wall and the bottom are provided with a heat insulation layer and a waterproof layer.
As shown in fig. 4, the user heating system 26 includes: 26-1 parts of Y-shaped filter, 26-2 parts of water separator, 26-3 parts of water collector, 19-5 parts of heating water supply pipe and 19-6 parts of heating water return pipe. When a user has a heating demand, high-temperature hot water in the short-term heat storage water tank is pressurized by the heating circulating pump 23 and flows into the heating water supply pipe 19-5, the high-temperature hot water is changed into low-temperature cold water after being released at the heat dissipation end of the user through the water separator 26-2, the low-temperature cold water returns to the water collector 26-3 and enters the short-term heat storage water tank through the heating water return pipe 19-6, and the circulation is repeated, so that the heating demand of a heat user area is met.
The first heat exchanger 2 and the second heat exchanger 4 are plate heat exchangers.
When the solar heat collector array 1-1 receives solar radiation, when the irradiance exceeds a set value (such as 300W/square meter), opening a first gate valve 1-4, a heat collection circulating pump 1-6, and using a first three-way valve 1-3, namely an inlet a and an outlet b; the irradiance exceeds a set value (such as 300W/square meter), and the difference between the temperature of the first temperature sensor 1-2 and the temperature of the second temperature sensor 3-1 is greater than 10 ℃ (T)1-2-T3-1>10 ℃), opening the second gate valve 5 and the third gate valve 6, closing the first hot water circulating pump 7, and using the first tee joint1-3 inlet a and outlet c until the difference between the temperature of the first temperature sensor 1-2 and the temperature of the second temperature sensor 3-1 is reduced to 2 deg.C (T)1-2-T3-1<And 2 ℃, closing the second gate valve 5, the third gate valve 6, opening the first gate valve 1-4 and using the inlet a and the outlet b of the first three-way valve 1-3, wherein the hot water circulating pump 7 is arranged in the first three-way valve.
When the temperature difference (T) between the three temperature sensors 11 and the four temperature sensors 12 is measured11-T12) And when the temperature difference between the third temperature sensor 11 and the fourth temperature sensor 12 is higher than the set value plus 5 ℃ (such as 30 ℃ plus 5 ℃), the sixth gate valve 13 is normally opened.
When the temperature of the hot water in the second heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 16 is lower than the minimum design value (such as 40 ℃) of the water temperature of the short-term heat storage water tank 19, starting the water-water heat exchange heat pump 18 to heat the hot water in the second heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe 16, and entering the short-term heat storage water tank 19 after heating; when the temperature sensor five 19-2 detects that the water temperature in the short-term heat storage water tank is higher than the designed average value (such as 50 ℃), the signal is transmitted to the system controller, and the water-water heat exchange heat pump 18 and the gate valves 20 and 21 are closed.
Claims (9)
1. A solar heating system with centralized cross-season heat storage and short-term distributed heat storage in series connection is characterized by comprising a solar heat source station with centralized cross-season heat storage and a distributed heat exchange station with short-term distributed heat storage; a plurality of groups of short-term distributed heat storage distributed heat exchange stations are arranged in parallel;
the solar heat source station is connected with each distributed heat exchange station through a long-distance transmission and distribution pipeline; wherein the centralized cross-season heat storage water tank is connected with the short-term distributed heat storage water tank in series.
2. The solar heating system of claim 1, in series with short-term distributed thermal storage across seasons centrally, it is characterized in that the solar heat source station comprises a concentrated solar heat collecting system (1) and a cross-season heat storage water pool (3), the concentrated solar heat collecting system (1) is connected with the first heat exchanger (2), the cross-season heat storage water pool (3) is provided with heat stratification, the water temperature at the upper part is relatively high, the water temperature at the lower part is relatively low, a temperature sensor and two pipelines are respectively arranged at the high-temperature water and the low-temperature water of the cross-season heat storage water tank (3), the two pipelines are respectively connected with the first heat exchanger (2) and the second heat exchanger (4), the first heat exchanger (2) is used for storing the heat generated by the concentrated solar heat collecting system in the non-heating season, the second heat exchanger (4) is used for conveying the stored heat to each thermal temperature sensor user in a heating season.
3. The solar heating system connected in series with the short-term distributed heat storage in a centralized cross-season mode according to claim 1, wherein the centralized solar heat collection system (1) comprises a solar heat collector array (1-1) used for receiving solar radiation, the solar heat collector array (1-1) is connected with a first heat exchanger (2) through a pipeline, a temperature sensor (1-2) is arranged on the pipeline, high-temperature antifreeze solution is subjected to heat exchange through the first heat exchanger (2), then is pressurized and flows into the array (1-1) through a heat collection circulating pump (1-4), hot water in a first circulating pipeline heated by the first heat exchanger (2) flows into a cross-season heat storage water pool (3) through a gate valve (5), and a heat source side of the first heat exchanger (2) is connected with the solar heat collector array (1-1) through a supply pipe and a return pipe of a heat collection circulating loop, the heat exchange side of the first heat exchanger (2) is connected with the seasonal heat storage water tank (3) through a first heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe (2-1) and a first heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe (2-2), a second gate valve (5) is connected to the first heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe (2-1) in series, a third gate valve (6) and a first hot water circulating pump (7) are connected to the first heat exchange pipeline cold water pipe (2-2) in series.
4. The solar heating system connected with short-term distributed heat storage in series through season spanning concentratedly according to claim 1, wherein the hot water heated by the second heat exchanger (4) is sent to the distributed heat exchange station of short-term distributed heat storage of each heat user area through a long-distance distribution pipeline under the pressure of a hot water circulating pump (15).
5. A solar heating system connected with short-term distributed heat storage in series centrally across seasons and according to claim 1, characterized in that the short-term distributed heat storage distributed heat exchange station comprises a water-water heat exchange heat pump (18) and a short-term heat storage water tank (19), the water-water heat exchange heat pump (18) is connected with the short-term heat storage water tank (19), and the short-term heat storage water tank (19) is connected with a user heating system (26);
heat in the short-term distributed heat storage distributed heat exchange station is stored in the short-term heat storage water tank (19) through a short-term heat storage water tank hot water inflow pipe (19-3), cold water in the short-term heat storage water tank (19) flows out through a short-term heat storage water tank cold water outflow pipe (19-4), and a hot water circulating pump four (22) is connected to the short-term heat storage water tank cold water outflow pipe (19-4) in series;
a heating water supply pipe (19-5) and a heating water return pipe (19-6) of the short-term heat storage water tank (19) are connected with a user heating system (26), a gate valve ten (24) and a gate valve eleven (25) are respectively connected in series with the heating water supply pipe (19-5) and the heating water return pipe (19-6), and a heating circulating pump (23) is connected in series with the heating water supply pipe (19-5).
6. The solar heating system connected with the short-term distributed heat storage in series centrally across seasons and according to claim 5, characterized in that the short-term heat storage water tank (19) is provided with a heating water supply port at the middle upper part, a heating water return port at the middle lower part and a water replenishing port at the lower part, a safety valve (19-1) is arranged at the top of the short-term heat storage water tank (19), a temperature sensor (19-2) for monitoring the temperature of water in the water tank in real time is arranged at the side, and the short-term heat storage water tank (19) is connected with a user heating system (26) through a heating water supply pipe (19-5) and a heating water return pipe (19-6).
7. The solar heating system connected with the short-term distributed heat storage in series through the cross-season centralizing and the short-term distributed heat storage in series according to the claim 6, is characterized in that a Y-shaped filter (26-1) is arranged at the joint of the heating water return pipe (19-6) and the user heating system (26), and a water separator (26-2) and a water collector (26-3) are arranged inside the user heating system (26).
8. The solar heating system with concentrated cross-season and short-term distributed heat storage in series connection according to claim 1, wherein the first heat exchanger (2) and the second heat exchanger (4) are plate heat exchangers.
9. A method of controlling a solar heating system concentrated cross-season and short-term distributed heat storage in series according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising;
in a solar heating system connected in series with a centralized cross-season and short-term distributed heat storage, a centralized cross-season heat storage water tank (3) of a solar heat source station serves as a primary low-temperature heat accumulator, a distributed heat storage water tank (19) in a short-term distributed heat storage heat exchange station serves as a secondary heat supply heat accumulator, namely, stored low-temperature hot water in the primary heat accumulator is subjected to quality improvement and temperature increase through a water-water heat exchange heat pump (18) and then flows into the short-term distributed heat storage water tank (19), and then supplies heat to all heating users;
the control method mainly comprises two parts of heat accumulation of a solar heat source station and hot water transmission and distribution for system heating, and comprises the following steps;
a solar heat collector array (1-1) in the concentrated solar heat collection system (1) receives solar radiation, and when the irradiance exceeds a set value and the temperature of a temperature sensor (1-2) is lower than a set temperature, the antifreeze is preheated, so that the temperature of the antifreeze in a circulating loop is balanced; when the irradiance exceeds a set value and the temperature of the temperature sensor (1-2) is higher than the set temperature, heat is exchanged outwards through the first heat exchanger (2);
the temperature of the temperature sensor (1-2) is higher than the temperature of a hot water temperature sensor (3-1) at the low-temperature water position of the cross-season heat storage water tank by 10 ℃, high-temperature antifreeze passes through the first heat exchanger (2), is subjected to heat exchange by the first heat exchanger (2), changes the antifreeze in the pipeline from high temperature to low temperature, and is pressurized by the heat collection circulating pump (1-4) to flow into the heat collector array (1-1) to prepare for the next round of circulation;
hot water in a first circulation pipeline heated by a first heat exchanger (2) flows into a cross-season heat storage water tank (3) through a gate valve (5), heat collected by a centralized solar heat collection system (1) is stored in the cross-season heat storage water tank (3) in non-heating seasons, high-temperature water in the cross-season heat storage water tank (3) is changed into low-temperature water through heat exchange (4) of a second heat exchanger when heating is required in heating seasons, and the low-temperature water after heat exchange is pressurized by a hot water circulating pump (10) and returns to the cross-season heat storage water tank (3), so that the circulation is repeated;
when a heat user needs to supply heat, hot water in a second heat exchange pipeline heated by the second heat exchanger (4) is pressurized by a hot water circulating pump (15) and sent to a short-term distributed heat storage distributed heat exchange station in each heat user area through a long-distance transmission and distribution pipeline, if the temperature of the circulating hot water is lower than the lowest set value of the temperature of a short-term heat storage water tank (19), a water-water heat exchange heat pump (18) is started to heat the circulating hot water, and the heated circulating hot water enters the short-term heat storage water tank (19);
when a heat user has a heating demand, high-temperature hot water in the short-term heat storage water tank (19) is pressurized by a heating circulating pump (23) and then flows into the water separator (26-2) through a heating water supply pipe (19-5), the high-temperature hot water in the water separator (26-2) is changed into low-temperature cold water after heat release at the heat dissipation end of the user, the low-temperature cold water returns to the water collector (26-3) and enters the short-term heat storage water tank (19) through a heating water return pipe (19-6), and the circulation is repeated, so that the heating demand of a heat user area is met;
the system comprises a first temperature sensor (1-2), a second temperature sensor (3-1), a third temperature sensor (11), a fourth temperature sensor (12) and a fifth temperature sensor (19-2), wherein the temperature of antifreeze at the outlet of the concentrated solar heat collection system (1), the temperature of low-temperature water in a cross-season heat storage water tank (3), the temperature of water at an inlet and an outlet of a second heat exchanger (4) and the temperature of water in a short-term heat storage water tank (19) are monitored in real time, and temperature signals are transmitted to a system controller:
when the solar heat collector array (1-1) receives solar radiation, when the irradiance exceeds a set value, a gate valve (1-4) is opened, a heat collection circulating pump (1-6) uses a three-way valve (1-3) to form an inlet a and an outlet b; the irradiance exceeds a set value, the difference between the temperature of the temperature sensor (1-2) and the temperature of the low-temperature water of the cross-season heat storage pool is greater than 10 ℃, a second gate valve (5) and a third gate valve (6) are opened, a hot water circulating pump (7) is closed, the first gate valve (1-4) is closed, the inlet a and the outlet c of the first three-way valve (1-3) are used until the difference between the temperature of the temperature sensor (1-2) and the temperature of the low-temperature water of the cross-season heat storage pool is reduced to 2 ℃, the second gate valve (5) and the third gate valve (6) are closed, the first hot water circulating pump (7) is opened, the first gate valve (1-4) is opened, and the inlet a and the outlet b of the first three-way valve (1-3) are used;
when the temperature difference between the third temperature sensor (11) and the fourth temperature sensor (12) is less than the set value minus 5 ℃, the opening degree of the sixth gate valve (13) is reduced, the flow of circulating hot water in the remote transmission and distribution pipeline is reduced, and when the temperature difference between the third temperature sensor (11) and the fourth temperature sensor (12) is higher than the set value plus 5 ℃, the sixth gate valve (13) is normally opened;
when the temperature of hot water in the second heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe (16) is lower than the lowest design value of the water temperature of the short-term heat storage water tank (19), starting a water-water heat exchange heat pump (18) to heat the hot water in the second heat exchange pipeline hot water pipe (16), and entering the short-term heat storage water tank (19) after heating; and when the temperature sensor five (19-2) detects that the water temperature in the short-term heat storage water tank is greater than the designed average value, transmitting the signal to the system controller, and closing the water-water heat exchange heat pump (18), the gate valve eight (20) and the gate valve nine (21).
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