CN114444184B - LID facility optimization design method based on high-precision hydrodynamic model - Google Patents
LID facility optimization design method based on high-precision hydrodynamic model Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an LID facility optimization design method based on a high-precision hydrodynamic model, which is characterized in that an optimization scheme is simulated by using the high-precision hydrodynamic model, a data set between the construction area of the LID facility and the accumulated water reduction amount is obtained through numerical simulation, and then the rain and flood water accumulation control effect under different LID construction area working conditions is accurately and effectively described through a nonlinear function fitting mode. And the NAGA-II optimizing algorithm is used for carrying out scheme optimizing solution on nonlinear construction cost, construction area and construction effect functions, so that the accuracy and the high efficiency of the NAGA-II optimizing algorithm on solving the multiple nonlinear functions are fully exerted. And because of the characteristics of the LID layout method, the method exhausts all LID facility construction schemes from low cost to high cost, and a decision maker can select a facility construction optimal scheme meeting actual engineering requirements based on rules between the LID facility construction cost and the construction effect obtained by the method, so that the reliability of the design scheme is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of intersection of flood control and drainage, municipal engineering, urban planning and computer technology, and relates to an LID facility optimization design method based on a high-precision hydrodynamic model.
Background
In recent years, with the frequent occurrence of extreme weather and the rapid development of urban progress, the waterproof rate of urban ground surface is gradually increased, the permeability of the underlying surface is gradually reduced, rainwater cannot infiltrate down in time, and the urban waterlogging problem is serious. In order to cope with the urban problems, china proposes a new sponge urban rainfall flood management concept of seepage, stagnation, storage, purification, use and discharge based on LID (low impact development) concepts, and excessive rainwater is regulated by manual facilities under the condition that the original ecology of the city is not greatly influenced, namely the rainfall flood risk of the city is reduced by a newly built LID facility.
In order to reasonably and effectively manage urban rainwater problems, a hydrological model represented by SWMM has been widely used in the aspects of sponge urban facility layout and effect evaluation. However, the common hydrologic model can only obtain the flow process at the outlet of the river basin due to the limitation of a calculation method, and cannot give out hydraulic characteristic elements at specific positions, and the accuracy of a simulation result is affected due to the problems of weak describing capacity of the hydrologic model on complex terrains, strong dependency on parameter experience and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an LID facility optimal design method based on a high-precision hydrodynamic model, which solves the problems that in the existing LID facility optimal design method, only a hydrologic model is adopted by a numerical simulation model, so that the evaluation accuracy of the LID construction effect is too low, and the reliability of a design scheme is affected.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is that the LID facility optimization design method based on the high-precision hydrodynamic model is implemented according to the following steps:
Step 1, establishing a high-precision hydrodynamic force numerical model of an urban waterlogging process of an LID facility planning area, inputting rainfall data, elevation data, land utilization type data, infiltration data and pipe network data in a research area, simulating to obtain urban waterlogging conditions under different rainfall recurrence periods, and taking a water depth map at the moment of the maximum water accumulation amount in a calculation result of a rainfall recurrence period as a waterlogging risk map under the rainfall condition;
Step 2, selecting a plurality of LID initial construction starting points according to the importance degree or importance level of the local waterlogging severe region combined with the cadastral attribute or the actual engineering requirement in the waterlogging risk map;
Step 3, sequentially and outwardly adding corresponding LID facilities by taking the construction starting point of the LID facilities as the center until reaching the maximum range of the construction of the LID facilities, wherein the construction mode of the LID facilities is embodied as changing the infiltration value under the working conditions of different construction areas in a hydrodynamic model, and the total surface accumulated water under the working conditions of the construction areas of the LID is finally obtained through the final simulation of the hydrodynamic model;
step 4, subtracting the surface peak water volume under each LID construction working condition from the surface peak water volume under the non-construction LID facility working condition to obtain peak water volume reduction amount of each LID construction working condition compared with non-construction LID measures;
Step 5, taking the construction area of the LID facility as an independent variable, taking the peak water accumulation reduction amount of each construction working condition as a dependent variable, and fitting an empirical formula between the construction area of the LID facility and the water accumulation reduction amount obtained by the hydrodynamic model in the engineering;
Step 6, according to an empirical formula obtained by fitting, combining unit prices of various LID facilities, establishing an objective function with the lowest construction cost and the largest rainwater reduction amount of the LID facilities, and obtaining a pareto optimal solution set of the nonlinear function by using the maximum construction area of the LID facilities as a constraint condition through an NAGA-II algorithm;
And 7, selecting corresponding solutions which meet engineering and economic conditions in the pareto solutions according to actual requirements, namely, the optimal decision solution for the optimal design of the LID facility.
The present invention is also characterized in that,
In the step2, the importance degree of the cadastral attribute is commercial land, residential land, road, bare soil and grassland from high to low in sequence;
the importance level is divided according to the geographical position and the land key development degree;
The actual engineering requirements refer to the positions in the engineering requirements, which need to be built with priority.
The empirical formula fitted in step 5 includes a single LID facility unitary function and a plurality of LID facility combined multi-function.
And 6, the objective function with the lowest construction cost and the largest rainwater reduction amount of the LID facility is as follows:
in the formula (1), A i is the construction area of the ith LID facility; w i is the ith LID facility construction unit price; f 0 is total accumulated water quantity before the construction of LID facilities at the time of the peak accumulated water of the earth surface, and F (A i) is total accumulated water quantity after the construction of the ith LID measure at the time of the peak accumulated water of the earth surface.
The LID facility constraints are:
0≤Ai≤Aimax (2)
In the formula (2), a i is the actual construction area of the ith LID facility, and a imax is the maximum area that the ith LID facility can be constructed in the research area.
In the step 6, the NAGA-II algorithm needs to set corresponding optimal individual coefficients, population sizes, maximum evolution algebra, stop algebra and fitness function deviation according to the complexity degree of the objective function to solve.
The pareto optimal solution set obtained in the step 6 is an optimal solution set from low cost to high cost.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
According to the LID facility optimization design method based on the high-precision hydrodynamic model, the high-precision hydrodynamic model is utilized to simulate an optimization scheme, the high efficiency of scheme simulation precision can be ensured based on the characteristics of the hydrodynamic model, and quantification and visual analysis of the LID construction effect are realized. The data set between the LID facility construction area and the accumulated water reduction amount is obtained through numerical simulation, and then the rain and flood control effect under different LID construction area working conditions is accurately and effectively described through a nonlinear function fitting mode. And the NAGA-II optimizing algorithm is used for carrying out scheme optimizing solution on nonlinear construction cost, construction area and construction effect functions, so that the accuracy and the high efficiency of the NAGA-II optimizing algorithm on solving the multiple nonlinear functions are fully exerted. And because of the characteristics of the LID layout method, the method exhausts all LID facility construction schemes from low cost to high cost, a decision maker can select a facility construction optimal scheme meeting actual engineering requirements based on rules between the LID facility construction cost and the construction effect obtained by the method, and the reliability of the design scheme is high
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a LID facility optimization design method based on a high-precision hydrodynamic model of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a regional waterlogging risk map of an embodiment of a LID facility optimization design method based on a high-precision hydrodynamic model of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the starting point of the construction of an example area of a LID facility optimization design method based on a high-precision hydrodynamic model of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment LID facility addition layout method of the LID facility optimization design method based on a high-precision hydrodynamic model;
FIG. 5 is a Pareto solution set of water permeable pavement of an embodiment of the LID facility optimization design method based on a high-precision hydrodynamic model of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a Pareto solution set for a rain garden, which is an embodiment of a LID facility optimization design method based on a high-precision hydrodynamic model of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a combined LID facility Pareto solution set of an embodiment of a LID facility optimization design method based on a high-precision hydrodynamic model.
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
Examples
The embodiment provides an LID facility optimal design method based on a high-precision hydrodynamic model, which is implemented according to the following steps:
Step 1, establishing a high-precision hydrodynamic force numerical model of an urban waterlogging process of an LID facility planning area, inputting rainfall data, elevation data, land utilization type data, infiltration data and pipe network data in a research area, and obtaining urban waterlogging conditions under different rainfall recurrence periods through simulation, wherein a water depth map at the moment of the maximum ponding amount in a calculation result of a rainfall recurrence period is used as a waterlogging risk map under the rainfall condition as shown in fig. 2.
Step2, as shown in fig. 3, selecting a plurality of LID initial construction starting points according to the importance degree or importance level of the local waterlogging severe region combined with the cadastral attribute or the actual engineering requirement in the waterlogging risk map;
The importance degree of the cadastral attribute is commercial land, residential land, road, bare soil and grassland from high to low in sequence; the importance level is divided according to the geographical position and the land key development degree; the actual engineering requirements refer to the positions in the engineering requirements, which need to be built with priority.
And 3, as shown in fig. 4, sequentially and outwardly adding corresponding LID facilities by taking the construction starting point of the LID facilities as the center until reaching the maximum range in which the LID facilities can be constructed, wherein the construction mode of the LID facilities is embodied as the change of the infiltration values under the working conditions of different construction areas in a hydrodynamic model, and finally obtaining the total surface water under the working conditions of all the LID construction areas through the hydrodynamic model.
Step 4, subtracting the surface peak water volume under each LID construction working condition from the surface peak water volume under the non-construction LID facility working condition to obtain peak water volume reduction amount of each LID construction working condition compared with non-construction LID measures; i.e.
V Reduction amount =V Without any means for LID Facility and method for producing the same -V Different from LID working condition of construction area of facilities
V Reduction amount LID is the amount of surface peak water cut-off under each construction working condition after the LID facility is constructed relative to the LID facility is not constructed; v Without any means for LID Facility and method for producing the same is total accumulated water quantity at the time of surface peak accumulated water when LID facilities are not built; v Different from LID working condition of construction area of facilities is the total amount of surface peak water accumulation of the LID facility under different construction area working conditions, and table 1 is the data set of the construction area and the construction effect of the LID facility calculated by the high-precision hydrodynamic model in the example.
TABLE 1 simulation results of different LID facilities construction conditions in certain area
Step 5, taking the construction area of the LID facility as an independent variable, taking the peak water accumulation reduction amount of each construction working condition as a dependent variable, fitting an empirical formula between the construction area of the LID facility and the water accumulation reduction amount obtained by a hydrodynamic model in the engineering, and table 2 is a fitting function relation between the construction area and the water accumulation reduction amount of the construction area of single LID facility water permeable pavement and a rainwater garden and combined common construction of the single LID facility water permeable pavement and the rainwater garden in the example;
TABLE 2 fitting function and determination coefficient
In Table 2, x 1、x2 is the construction area of the permeable pavement and the rainwater garden, and y 1、y2、y3 is the peak water cut amount of the permeable pavement, the rainwater garden and the combined LID facility.
It should be noted that, the main purpose of the fitted empirical formula (functional relation) is to obtain the nonlinear most effective function solution set between the construction cost and the construction effect by using the NAGA-ii algorithm in the next step, so that the dependent variable of the fitting function can only be the rainwater reduction amount, only a single type of LID facility can be considered to be set due to different construction types, two or more types of LID facilities can be considered to be set, the number of types of the set LID facilities is the number of the independent variables of the fitting function, the reliability of the fitting function needs to be verified by using the decision coefficient R 2, and generally, the condition that R 2 is greater than 0.5 is the reliability of the fitting degree is considered, and the example only shows the construction scheme of the single type and the combination of the two types of LID facilities.
Step 6, according to an empirical formula obtained by fitting, combining unit prices of various LID facilities, establishing an objective function with the lowest construction cost of the LID facilities and the largest rainwater reduction amount, and obtaining a pareto optimal solution set of the nonlinear function by using the maximum construction area of the LID facilities as a constraint condition through an NAGA-II algorithm, wherein the pareto optimal solution set is an optimal solution set from low cost to high cost;
the objective function with the lowest construction cost and the greatest rainwater reduction amount of the LID facility is as follows:
In the formula (1), A i is the construction area of the ith LID facility; w i is the ith LID facility construction unit price; f 0 is total accumulated water quantity before the construction of LID facilities at the peak surface water accumulation moment, and F (A i) is total accumulated water quantity after the construction of the ith LID measure at the peak surface water accumulation moment;
The LID facility constraints are:
0≤Ai≤Aimax(2)
In the formula (2), A i is the actual construction area of the ith LID facility, and A imax is the maximum configurable range of the ith LID facility in the research area;
The construction price of the LID facility of the optimization model can be referred to 'sponge city construction technical guidelines' and actual city construction cases with the same economic level, and in the example, the water permeable pavement unit price is 200 yuan/m 2 and the rainwater garden unit price is 500 yuan/m 2.
Since the fitting functions are nonlinear functions, the calculation amount of the optimization process is huge, and in order to ensure that the optimization target function values are accurately and uniformly distributed and simultaneously save the operation time as much as possible, relevant parameters in an NSGA-II algorithm need to be reasonably set, and the NSGA-II parameters shown in the table 3 are adopted in the embodiment.
TABLE 3 NSGA-II parameters
And (3) carrying out nonlinear multivariate function solving through an NAGA-II optimizing algorithm to obtain an optimized solution set with minimum construction cost and maximum rainwater reduction. The operation results of nonlinear multiple functions under different working conditions by using NAGA-II optimizing algorithm are shown in figures 5-7.
And 7, selecting corresponding solutions which meet engineering and economic conditions in the pareto solutions according to actual requirements, namely, the optimal decision solution for the optimal design of the LID facility.
Claims (7)
1. The LID facility optimal design method based on the high-precision hydrodynamic model is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
Step 1, establishing a high-precision hydrodynamic force numerical model of an urban waterlogging process of an LID facility planning area, inputting rainfall data, elevation data, land utilization type data, infiltration data and pipe network data in a research area, simulating to obtain urban waterlogging conditions under different rainfall recurrence periods, and taking a water depth map at the moment of the maximum water accumulation amount in a calculation result of a rainfall recurrence period as a waterlogging risk map under the rainfall condition;
Step 2, selecting a plurality of LID initial construction starting points according to the importance degree or importance level of the local waterlogging severe region combined with the cadastral attribute or the actual engineering requirement in the waterlogging risk map;
Step 3, sequentially and outwardly adding corresponding LID facilities by taking the construction starting point of the LID facilities as the center until reaching the maximum range of the construction of the LID facilities, wherein the construction mode of the LID facilities is embodied as changing the infiltration value under the working conditions of different construction areas in a hydrodynamic model, and the total surface accumulated water under the working conditions of the construction areas of the LID is finally obtained through the final simulation of the hydrodynamic model;
step 4, subtracting the surface peak water volume under each LID construction working condition from the surface peak water volume under the non-construction LID facility working condition to obtain peak water volume reduction amount of each LID construction working condition compared with non-construction LID measures;
Step 5, taking the construction area of the LID facility as an independent variable, taking the peak water accumulation reduction amount of each construction working condition as a dependent variable, and fitting an empirical formula between the construction area of the LID facility and the water accumulation reduction amount obtained by the hydrodynamic model in the engineering;
Step 6, according to an empirical formula obtained by fitting, combining unit prices of various LID facilities, establishing an objective function with the lowest construction cost and the largest rainwater reduction amount of the LID facilities, and obtaining a pareto optimal solution set of the nonlinear function by using the maximum construction area of the LID facilities as a constraint condition through an NAGA-II algorithm;
And 7, selecting corresponding solutions which meet engineering and economic conditions in the pareto solutions according to actual requirements, namely, the optimal decision solution for the optimal design of the LID facility.
2. The LID facility optimization design method based on the high-precision hydrodynamic model according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the importance degree of the cadastral attribute is commercial land, residential land, road, bare soil and grassland in turn from high to low;
the importance level is divided according to the geographical position and the land key development degree;
The actual engineering requirements refer to the positions in the engineering requirements, which need to be built with priority.
3. The method for optimizing LID facilities based on the high-precision hydrodynamic model according to claim 2, wherein the empirical formula fitted in the step 5 comprises a unitary function of a single LID facility and a multiple function of a combination of multiple LID facilities.
4. The LID facility optimization design method based on the high-precision hydrodynamic model according to claim 1, wherein the objective function with the lowest construction cost and the largest rainwater reduction amount of the LID facility in the step 6 is as follows:
in the formula (1), A i is the construction area of the ith LID facility; w i is the ith LID facility construction unit price; f 0 is total accumulated water quantity before the construction of LID facilities at the time of the peak accumulated water of the earth surface, and F (A i) is total accumulated water quantity after the construction of the ith LID measure at the time of the peak accumulated water of the earth surface.
5. The LID facility optimization design method based on the high-precision hydrodynamic model according to claim 1, wherein the LID facility constraint conditions are as follows:
0≤Ai≤Aimax (2)
In the formula (2), a i is the actual construction area of the ith LID facility, and a imax is the maximum allowable range of the ith LID facility in the study area.
6. The LID facility optimization design method based on the high-precision hydrodynamic model according to claim 1, wherein the NAGA-ii algorithm in the step 6 needs to set corresponding optimal individual coefficients, population sizes, maximum evolutionary algebra, stop algebra and fitness function deviation according to the complexity of the objective function for solving.
7. The LID facility optimization design method based on the high-precision hydrodynamic model according to claim 1, wherein the pareto optimal solution set obtained in the step 6 is a low-cost to high-cost optimal solution set.
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