CN103819592A - Method for preparing flocculant for efficient settling separation of high-silicon and high-iron type red mud generated through Bayer process - Google Patents
Method for preparing flocculant for efficient settling separation of high-silicon and high-iron type red mud generated through Bayer process Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preparing a flocculant for efficient settling separation of high-silicon and high-iron type red mud generated through a Bayer process. In the preparation of the flocculant, polyacrylamide with high molecular weight is used as a raw material, and a one-pot synthetic process with acidification of hydroxamic acid and hydrolysis conducted at the same time is adopted to prepare the flocculant with the contents of hydroxamic acid and carboxyl up to 39.8% and 47.6% respectively, and the synthesis steps are simple. The synthesized flocculant can be used for effectively settling red mud generated in current production of low-grade high-silicon and high-iron diasporic bauxite through the Bayer process in China, the difficult problem that various flocculants are required to be added for settling separation of red mud in conventional aluminium oxide manufacture is overcome, cost is reduced, and industrial requirements are met.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation method of flocculation agent that can effective settlement separate high silicon high iron type Bayer process red mud.
Background technology
Along with the exhaustion of China's bauxite resource, the grade of the difficult diaspore type bauxite that alumina producer uses is more and more lower, the ratio of its siliceous mineral and iron-bearing mineral increases, and has occurred a large amount of high silicon high iron diaspore type bauxites, causes the generation of high silicon high iron type Bayer process red mud.But the commodity flocculation agent of the above-mentioned red mud of existing sedimentation is general only containing carboxyl or hydroxamic acid group, although or contain above-mentioned group simultaneously, carboxyl and hydroxamic acid group content are all too low, can not effective settlement separate high silicon high iron type Bayer process red mud.
In addition, nineteen ninety Lewellyn etc. use the flocculation agent of polyacrylamide (PAM) synthesizing oxygen-containing oxime acid groups in the aqueous solution, the highest 27%(Lewellyn M E that only reaches of its hydroxamic acid group content, Spitzer D P.Preparation of modified acrylamide polymers.US:4902751[P] .1990-02-20), not only the hydroxamic acid group content in flocculation agent is not high, and this flocculation agent only has good settlement separate effect to the high Bayer process red mud of iron level.Lu Hong plum in 2003 (Lu Hongmei. a kind of flocculation agent preparation method [J] of effective settlement separate high silicon high iron type Bayer process red mud. Mineral Engineering, 2003 (4): 35-38) in water solution system, prepare flocculation agent, only reach 28% but hydroxamic acid content is the highest in this flocculation agent.Wang Shanshan in 2009 etc. (Wang Shanshan. the development [J] of water-soluble hydroxamic acid polymer flocculation agent. chemical engineering abstracts, 2009,03:29-30) in Syntheses in water system, synthesize hydroxamic acid type flocculation agent take polyacrylamide as raw material take oxammonium hydrochloride as properties-correcting agent, but the hydroxamic acid group content the unknown in this flocculation agent, and this flocculation agent only can be for the treatment of the oily(waste)water in oilfield sewage station.
Oxygen oximate modified-reaction about polyacrylamide in above-mentioned document is intended to improve its hydroxamic acid group content mostly, acts on iron-bearing mineral, and to high silicon high iron type precipitation of red mud in Bayer process, separation has no bibliographical information with flocculation agent.
Liu Ming in the 2007 (Liu Mingjiu that waits so long, Xie Shengli, Hou Niansheng. the manufacture method .CN101117262[P of bayer process red mud flocculating agent] .2007-07-25) take polyacrylamide as raw material, under alkaline condition, be hydrolyzed 5～24 hours, carry out oxygen oximation reaction with oxammonium hydrochloride afterwards, wherein amide group and azanol mol ratio 0.36～0.98, temperature of reaction is at 70～85 ℃, 3-7 hour, then carries out Mannich reaction, has prepared the amphoteric ionic polyacrylamide of oxygen-containing nitrolic acid group.But in this flocculation agent actual application, be still difficult to reach the efficient flocculating requirement to high silicon high iron type Bayer process red mud; On the other hand, because red-mud settlement and separation is to carry out under 95～100 ℃ of strong alkaline conditions, quaternary ammonium salt cationic group exists with quaternary ammonium hydroxide form under strong alkaline condition, and quaternary ammonium hydroxide easily decomposes under 95～100 ℃ of conditions, lose throwing out (Zhang Kunyu, Hu Huiping, et al.Thermal decomposition behaviour of polyacrylamidomethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride in red mud separation process[J] .J.Cent.South Univ.Technol.2008 (15): 808～813).
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide all preparation methods of high and flocculation agent that can effective settlement separate high silicon high iron type Bayer process red mud of a kind of hydroxamic acid and carboxyl-content, this preparation method is simple, and be applicable to suitability for industrialized production,
Technical scheme of the present invention
A preparation method for the flocculation agent of effective settlement separate high silicon high iron type Bayer process red mud, the polyacrylamide that is dissolved in water, obtains polyacrylamide solution; Under inert gas atmosphere, oxammonium hydrochloride is dissolved in NaOH solution, obtain oxammonium hydrochloride solution; Again above-mentioned polyacrylamide solution and oxammonium hydrochloride solution are mixed to reaction; In azanol group in described oxammonium hydrochloride and polyacrylamide, the mol ratio of amide group is 1.2～1.5, and the pH in reaction process is 13～14, and temperature of reaction is 90～100 ℃, and the reaction times is 24～48h.
Under inert gas atmosphere, preferably oxammonium hydrochloride is dissolved in the NaOH solution of equimolar ratio.
The matter average molecular weight of above-mentioned polyacrylamide is preferably 2000～3,000 ten thousand, and limiting viscosity is preferably 1200～1750mL/g.
PH in reaction process is preferably the sodium hydroxide solution adjusting of 20～40g/L by adding concentration.
Reaction while stirring in reaction process, rotating speed when stirring is preferably 45～60r/min.
After above-mentioned reaction completes, further in reaction system, add dehydrated alcohol, and approaching neutral to washings for several times with absolute ethanol washing, after 50～60 ℃ of vacuum-drying 15～20h, obtain solid phase prod.
Beneficial effect of the present invention
Preparation method and the reaction conditions of the present invention to prior art carried out further optimization.Under reaction conditions of the present invention, can in controlling oxygen oximate, can increase degree of hydrolysis, prepare hydroxamic acid and carboxyl-content respectively up to 39.8% and 47.6% flocculation agent.This flocculation agent can effective settlement separate high silicon high iron type Bayer process red mud.Concrete, while preparing this flocculation agent, take polyacrylamide as raw material, the one kettle way synthesis technique that adopts hydroxamic acidization and hydrolysis simultaneously to carry out, prepare all high flocculation agents of hydroxamic acid and carboxyl-content, this synthesis step is simple, and to China now low-grade high silicon high iron diaspore type bauxite Bayer process produce in red mud settlement separate have good effect, overcome alumina producing industry and need to add the difficult problem of multiple flocculation agent for red-mud settlement and separation, reduce cost, met industrial requirements.
Embodiment
Following examples are intended to that the invention will be further described, rather than limitation of the invention.
Embodiment 1
The flocculation agent of preparation while oxygen-containing nitrolic acid and carboxyl under differential responses pH condition
1) high molecular weight polyacrylamide (matter average molecular weight is 2000～3,000 ten thousand, limiting viscosity be 1200～1750mL/g) being taken to 3.505g after the dry 12h of 50 ℃ of vacuum drying ovens joins in 250mL tri-neck round-bottomed flasks, add 100mL distilled water, at 40 ℃ of water-baths, 45～60r/min mechanical stirring 3h, high molecular weight polyacrylamide is dissolved completely;
2) under nitrogen atmosphere, oxammonium hydrochloride is dissolved in the sodium hydroxide solution of equimolar ratio, it is slowly added drop-wise in the polyacrylamide solution of step 1) gained with dropping funnel, the mol ratio of controlling amide group in oxammonium hydrochloride and polyacrylamide is 1.2～1.5;
3) whole reaction process control condition: 45～60r/min mechanical stirring, regulating reactant aqueous solution system pH with the NaOH of 20～40g/L is 13～14, and temperature of reaction is 90 ℃, and the reaction times is 48h; ;
4) after having reacted, by dehydrated alcohol reprecipitation reaction product, and approaching neutral to washings for several times with absolute ethanol washing, filter cake obtains solid phase prod after 50～60 ℃ of vacuum-drying 15～20h.
Embodiment 2
The flocculation agent of preparation while oxygen-containing nitrolic acid and carboxyl under differential responses temperature condition
Except reaction process condition is: reaction system pH is 14, temperature of reaction is 90～100 ℃, and the reaction times is outside 48h, according to the same method of embodiment 1, prepares flocculation agent.
Embodiment 3
The flocculation agent of preparation while oxygen-containing nitrolic acid and carboxyl under differential responses time conditions
Except reaction process condition is: reaction system pH is 14, temperature of reaction is 90 ℃, and the reaction times is outside 24～48h, according to the same method of embodiment 1, prepares flocculation agent.
Comparative example 1
The flocculation agent of preparing under low basicity condition
Except reaction process condition is: reaction system pH is 3～8, temperature of reaction is 90 ℃, and the reaction times is outside 48h, according to the same method of embodiment 1, prepares flocculation agent.
Comparative example 2
The flocculation agent of preparing under low reaction temperatures condition
Except reaction process condition is: reaction system pH is 14, temperature of reaction is 20～60 ℃, and the reaction times continues, outside 48h, according to the same method of embodiment 1, to prepare flocculation agent.
Comparative example 3
Reaction times is compared with the flocculation agent of preparing under billet part
Except reaction process condition is: reaction system pH is 14, temperature of reaction is 90 ℃, and the reaction times continues, outside 5～15h, according to the same method of embodiment 1, to prepare flocculation agent.
Comparative example 4
Adopt and be first hydrolyzed again the flocculation agent of preparing under oxygen oximate condition
1) high molecular weight polyacrylamide (matter average molecular weight is 2000～3,000 ten thousand, limiting viscosity be 1200～1750mL/g) is taken to 3.505g after the dry 12h of 50 ℃ of vacuum drying ovens and join in 250mL tri-neck round-bottomed flasks, add 100mL distilled water and sodium hydroxide.Wherein the weight ratio of polyacrylamide and sodium hydroxide is 1:0.06～0.12, at 50 ℃ of hydrolysis reaction 7h;
2) after polyacrylamide is cooling, it is slowly added oxammonium hydrochloride by dropping funnel, and in oxammonium hydrochloride and polyacrylamide, the mol ratio of amide group is 1.2～1.5, by the NaOH adjusting pH value to 12 of 20～40g/L, is warmed up to 70 ℃ of reaction 7h;
3) after having reacted, by dehydrated alcohol reprecipitation reaction product, and approaching neutral to washings for several times with absolute ethanol washing, filter cake obtains solid phase prod after 50～60 ℃ of vacuum-drying 15～20h.
The mensuration of hydroxamic acid group, carboxyl and amide group content in product
With the total content of carboxylic acid sodium in conductometric titration measure product and hydroxamic acid sodium anionic group, by the nitrogen content in Kjeldahl determination measure product, be converted into the content of hydroxamic acid sodium and amide group part.Two kinds of methods are in conjunction with recording the ratio of three kinds of functional groups in product macromolecular chain.
That is: take the product about 0.1g, be accurate to 0.0001g.Product is put in small beaker, and adding distil water stirs it is dissolved, and dissolves completely rear constant volume to 150mL.Constantly stir the lower dilute hydrochloric acid standardized solution titration of using, record specific conductivity adds volume variation with hydrochloric acid.Take hydrochloric acid volume as X-coordinate, make titration curve take specific conductivity as ordinate zou, the intersection point of finding out two fitting a straight lines is titration end point, is the volume of the hydrochloric acid standard solution of consumption, and the hydroxamic acid sodium in counting yield and the total mole number of carboxylic acid sodium group thus.In synthetic HPAM flocculation agent, the content of hydroxamic acid group, carboxyl, amide group can be calculated by three relational expressions below:
x+y+z=1 （1）
X, y, the percentage mole number of z-carboxylic acid sodium group, hydroxamic acid sodium group, amide group;
94,109, the molar mass of 71-carboxylic acid sodium group, hydroxamic acid sodium group, amide group;
M
1the quality product (g) weighing when-survey specific conductivity;
C
1the concentration (mol/L) of titration hydrochloric acid standard solution used when-survey specific conductivity;
V
1the volume (mL) of the hydrochloric acid standard solution that when-survey specific conductivity, titration consumes;
M
2the quality product (g) weighing when-Kjeldahl determination;
C
2the concentration of titration hydrochloric acid standard solution used (mol/L) when-Kjeldahl determination;
V
2the volume (mL) of the hydrochloric acid standard solution that when-Kjeldahl determination, titration consumes.
Performance test
Use the settlement separate effect of the flocculation agent of preparing in embodiment and comparative example to red mud in domestic certain high silicon high iron diaspore type bauxite bayer process ' s digested slurry.Main containing 20～25% rhombohedral iron ore, 18～21% pyrrhosiderites, 34～40% calcium aluminosilicate hydrates, 8～10% cancrinites, 2% calcium titanate in red mud.Before separating experiment, by the dilution of bauxite Bayer dissolved mineral slurry, red mud slurry is liquid-solid containing being 86g/L, and slurries main component is Na
2o
k108.51g/L, Al
2o
3113.75g/L, Na
2o
t129.67g/L.
Red-mud settlement and separation effect experimental implementation is: get red mud slurries that 200mL boils in the band scale sedimentation pipe (φ 30 × 250mm) of 250mL, sedimentation pipe is placed in 0.1% the flocculant solution that adds 50ppm embodiment product after the thermostatic glass water tank constant temperature 5min of 95 ℃.The flocculant solution of drawing certain volume with syringe is added in sedimentation pipe, lift up and down several times with making stainless steel mesh agitator by oneself, make flocculation agent blending dispersion even, press manual time-keeping simultaneously, the height that observed and recorded solid-liquid interface declines, surveys the turbidity of the upper strata stillness of night after sedimentation 30min.This experiment is with the settling velocity of the average settlement speed evaluation red mud in first 5 minutes of sedimentation, and supernatant layer height when sedimentation 5min and the ratio of settling time are front 5min average settlement speed.After sedimentation 30min, with WGZ-3 type scattered light turbidimeter mensuration supernatant fluid turbidity.
[table 1]
The flocculation agent of table 1 for preparing under differential responses pH condition, the relation of its hydroxamic acid, carboxyl-content and red-mud settlement and separation effect.
[table 2]
The flocculation agent of table 2 for preparing under differential responses temperature condition, the relation of its hydroxamic acid, carboxyl-content and red-mud settlement and separation effect.
[table 3]
The flocculation agent of table 3 for preparing under differential responses time conditions, the relation of its hydroxamic acid, carboxyl-content and red-mud settlement and separation effect.
Can be found out by table 1 table 3, comparative example relatively, the hydroxamic acid of the prepared flocculation agent of the present invention and the content of carboxyl are all higher, and settling velocity is faster, and effect of settling is better.
[table 4]
The flocculation agent of preparing under the condition that table 4 is differential responses flow process, the relation of its hydroxamic acid, carboxyl-content and red-mud settlement and separation effect
As can be seen from Table 4, with respect to being first hydrolyzed the method for oxygen oximate again, the prepared flocculation agent of one kettle way synthesis technique that hydroxamic acidization of the present invention and hydrolysis are carried out simultaneously, its hydroxamic acid group content, far above the former, demonstrates better properties on to the effect of settling of red mud.
Claims (7)
1. a preparation method for the flocculation agent of effective settlement separate high silicon high iron type Bayer process red mud, is characterized in that, the polyacrylamide that is dissolved in water, obtains polyacrylamide solution; Under inert gas atmosphere, oxammonium hydrochloride is dissolved in NaOH solution, obtain oxammonium hydrochloride solution; Again above-mentioned polyacrylamide solution and oxammonium hydrochloride solution are mixed to reaction; In azanol group in described oxammonium hydrochloride and polyacrylamide, the mol ratio of amide group is 1.2～1.5, and the pH in reaction process is 13～14, and temperature of reaction is 90～100 ℃, and the reaction times is 24～48h.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, under inert gas atmosphere, oxammonium hydrochloride is dissolved in the NaOH solution of equimolar ratio.
3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the matter average molecular weight of above-mentioned polyacrylamide is 2000～3,000 ten thousand, limiting viscosity is 1200～1750mL/g.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the pH in reaction process is the sodium hydroxide solution adjusting of 20～40g/L by adding concentration.
5. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, reaction while stirring in reaction process, and rotating speed when stirring is 45～60r/min.
6. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the rare gas element using is nitrogen.
7. according to the method described in claim 1-5 any one, it is characterized in that, after above-mentioned reaction completes, further in reaction system, add dehydrated alcohol, and approaching neutral to washings for several times with absolute ethanol washing, after 50～60 ℃ of dry 15～20h, obtain solid phase prod.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106583062A (en) * | 2017-01-09 | 2017-04-26 | 昆明理工大学 | Micro-fine particle tinstone selective flocculating agent and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN110950415A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-04-03 | 威海汉邦生物环保科技股份有限公司 | Biological polysaccharide-based heavy metal capture agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN111153423A (en) * | 2020-01-03 | 2020-05-15 | 江西理工大学 | Composite inhibitor containing PAH (polycyclic aromatic Hydroquinone) and preparation method and application thereof |
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| CN111153423A (en) * | 2020-01-03 | 2020-05-15 | 江西理工大学 | Composite inhibitor containing PAH (polycyclic aromatic Hydroquinone) and preparation method and application thereof |
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