CN103780126B

CN103780126B - Friction nanometer generator and gyroscope

Info

Publication number: CN103780126B
Application number: CN201310109288.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王中林
Original assignee: Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems
Current assignee: Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems
Priority date: 2013-03-29
Filing date: 2013-03-29
Publication date: 2017-02-08
Anticipated expiration: 2033-03-29
Also published as: WO2014154092A1; CN103780126A

Abstract

This invention provides a friction nanometer generator and a gyroscope applying the same. The friction nanometer generator comprises an inner core and a housing wrapping the inner core. A plurality of a first friction unit are positioned on the outer surface of the inner core; a plurality of second friction units are positioned on the inner surface of the housing; the upper surfaces of the first friction units face the upper surfaces of the second friction units or the inner surface of the housing; at least part of the first friction units are not in contact with the second friction units; under the action of the external force (impact force), the inner core can move in a reciprocating manner relative to the housing to enable the upper surface of at least one first friction unit to be in contact with or separated from with the upper surface of at least one second friction unit; and electric signals are produced between first conductive units and second conductive units. The friction nanometer generator can convert the mechanical energy produced by vibration, impact forces, wind forces and tide to the electric energy and can also be used as the self-driving gyroscope for the two-dimension space or the three-dimension space.

Description

Friction nanometer power generator and gyroscope

Technical field

The present invention relates to energy conversion field, particularly to a kind of friction nanometer generating that mechanical energy is converted into electric energy Machine, and the gyroscope of application friction nanometer power generator.

Background technology

In today of microelectronics and material technology high speed development, new in a large number have the micro- of several functions and Highgrade integration Type electronic device is continuously developed out, and the every field in people's daily life shows unprecedented application prospect. However, the research of the power-supply system mated with these microelectronic devices but relatively lags behind, it is, in general, that these miniature electronics The power supply of device is all directly or indirectly to come from battery.Not only volume is larger for battery, heavier mass, and contain poisonous Chemical substance exists potentially hazardous to environment and human body.Therefore, developing can be by the mechanical energy of the naturally occurrings such as motion, vibration The technology being converted into electric energy is extremely important.

But, the electromotor that above-mentioned mechanical energy can be effectively converted into electric energy at present is all based on electromagnetic induction , driven by the hydraulic turbine, steam turbine, diesel engine or other dynamic power machine, by current, air-flow, fuel combustion or nuclear fission The energy producing is converted into mechanical energy and passes to electromotor, then is converted to electric energy by electromotor and is used.These electromotors all need Want Relatively centralized, the energy input of big intensity, and for intensity that produce in people's daily routines and nature presence relatively It all cannot be effectively converted into electric energy by little kinetic energy substantially.Meanwhile, the volume of conventional electric generators is larger, complex structure, no Method uses as the power supply component of microelectronic device.

Content of the invention

In order to overcome the problems referred to above of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of friction nanometer power generator, can be used to back Receive the mechanical energy of the generations such as vibrations, impact, wind-force or tide, the mechanical energy being applied in friction nanometer power generator can be turned Turn to electric energy.

For achieving the above object, the present invention provides a kind of friction nanometer power generator, including inner core with around described inner core Shell, the outer surface of described inner core is provided with several the first conductive units, and each described first conductive unit upper surface connects Touch setting the first friction element；Several the second conductive units are provided with the inner surface of described shell, each described second is led Electric unit upper surface arranges the second friction element；The upper surface of described first friction element is towards described second friction element Upper surface or described shell inner surface；At least part of first friction element is not contacted with described second friction element；Described The outer surface of inner core is insulating surface with the inner surface of described shell；Under external force, described inner core is outer with respect to described Shell can move back and forth, and makes the upper surface of at least one described first friction element and the upper table of at least one the second friction element After face contacts with each other, separate along the direction vertical with the tangent line on the surface that contacts with each other, in described first conductive unit and second The signal of telecommunication is produced between conductive unit.

Preferably, described inner core is solid or hollow cylinder, and described first friction element is arranged on the outside of described inner core Face.

Preferably, the figure being formed in the section of the axis direction of the lateral surface of vertical and described inner core is selected from circular, ellipse Circle or polygon.

Preferably, described polygon is selected from equilateral triangle, square, regular hexagon, regular pentagon and octagon.

Preferably, described shell is the tubular around described inner core, and described inner core is basic with the bearing of trend of described shell Identical.

Preferably, the medial surface of described tubular is the lateral surface shape identical closing cylinder with described inner core.

Preferably, the inner surface of described shell is non-closed cylinder.

Preferably, multiple described first friction elements and multiple described second friction elements are correspondingly arranged, and make inner core with outward During shell relative motion, one the first friction element is only contacted with second friction element.

Preferably, several described first friction elements are along the vertical arrangement of the axis direction with described inner core；All institutes State the second friction element along the vertical arrangement of the axis direction with described inner core lateral surface.

Preferably, described inner core is connected by several elastomeric elements with shell；The top of each described elastomeric element is even It is connected on described inner core, bottom is connected to described shell.

Preferably, described inner core adopts axisymmetric cylinder, cylindroid or prism, and described shell adopts axisymmetric cylinder Shell, Cylindrical Shells of Oval Cross-Section or prismatic shell, when not applying described external force, several described elastomeric elements make any described first friction element Do not contact with described second friction element.

Preferably, several described first friction elements are evenly distributed on the outer surface of described inner core.

Preferably, the lateral surface of described inner core is the face of cylinder, and contact on the described face of cylinder is provided with the described of given quantity First friction element；

The inner surface of described shell is the face of cylinder, and the diameter with diameter greater than described inner core lateral surface, and described second rubs The number wiping unit is equal with described first friction element number；

When being acted on by described external force, only described with one the second friction element of described first friction element contacts And/or friction.

Preferably, the lateral surface of described inner core is prismatic surface, and each side of described prismatic surface is provided with described first Friction element；

The inner surface configuration of described shell is identical with described inner core lateral surface, and cross-sectional area is more than described inner core cross section Area, the inner surface of described shell arranges described second friction element with described first friction element correspondence position；

Preferably, described shell also includes enclosing cover, make described inner core, the first conductive unit, the first friction element, second Conductive unit and the second friction element are all by described shell and outer cover seal.

Preferably, described inner core be hollow or solid spheroid, irregular spheroid, spheroid, polyhedron or cylinder.

Preferably, described shell is enclosed construction, and the inner surface of described shell is the sphere of closing, irregular sphere, ellipse Sphere, many faceted pebbles or cylinder.

Preferably, the outer surface of described inner core is sphere or ellipsoid, and multiple described first friction elements are evenly distributed on The outer surface of described inner core.

Preferably, multiple described first friction elements are in the girth largest circumference of described interior core outer surface or oval Zhou Shangjun Even distribution.

Preferably, the outer surface of described inner core includes multiple planes, the structure that the plurality of plane is formed be quadrangular or Eight prisms, are both provided with the first friction element in each described plane.

Preferably, the inner surface configuration of described shell is identical with the outer surface of described inner core；Described first friction element with Second friction element is correspondingly arranged.

Preferably, the outer surface of described inner core is sphere or ellipsoid, and the inner surface of described shell is sphere or ellipsoid；

When not applying described external force, the centre bit of the inner surface of the center of the outer surface of described inner core and described shell Put coincidence.

Preferably, the outer surface of described inner core is sphere or ellipsoid, and the inner surface of described shell is cylinder；Do not apply institute When stating external force, described inner core is generally within the middle part of described shell.

Preferably, described first friction element and described second friction element are correspondingly arranged, described first friction element Upper surface area is less than or equal to the upper surface area of described second friction element, under the effect of described external force, makes at least one institute The upper surface stating upper surface second friction element described with completely of the first friction element contacts with each other and/or rubs.

Preferably, the upper surface of described first friction element and the upper surface of described second friction element are complementary graph.

Preferably, the upper surface of described first friction element and/or the upper surface of the second friction element be distributed with micron or The micro structure of secondary micron dimension, or the interspersing or coating of nano material.

Preferably, described micro structure be selected from nano wire, nanotube, nano-particle, nanometer channel, micron trenches, nanocone, Micron cone, nanosphere and micron chondritic.

Preferably, the material of the upper surface of the material of upper surface of described first friction element and described second friction element Between exist friction electrode sequence difference.

Preferably, described first friction element is towards the surfacing of described housing and/or described second friction element face It is insulant or semi-conducting material to the surfacing of described core.

Preferably, described insulant is selected from aniline-formaldehyde resin, polyformaldehyde, ethyl cellulose, polyamide 11, polyamide 6-6, Pilus Caprae seu Oviss and its fabric, silkworm silk and its fabric, paper, Polyethylene Glycol succinate, cellulose, cellulose acetate, poly- second Adipate, polydiallyl phthalate, regenerated cellulosic sponge, cotton and its fabric, polyurethane elastomer, benzene second Alkene-acrylonitrile copolymer, SB, wood, hard rubber, acetate, staple fibre, polymethylacrylic acid Methyl ester, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester（Terylene）, polyisobutylene, elastic polyurethane sponge, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene Butyral, hycar, neoprene, natural rubber, polyacrylonitrile, poly- (vinylidene chloride-co- propylene Nitrile), poly bisphenol carbonic ester, CPPG, polyvinylidene chloride, poly-（2,6- dimethyl polyphenylene oxide）, polystyrene, Polyethylene, polypropylene, poly- diphenyl propane carbonic ester, polyethylene terephthalate, polyimides, polrvinyl chloride, poly- two Methylsiloxane, polytrifluorochloroethylene and politef；

Described semi-conducting material is selected from silicon, germanium, the IIIth and the Vth compounds of group, the IIth and the VIth compounds of group, by III-V The solid solution of compounds of group and II-VI compounds of group composition, amorphous glass semiconductor and organic semiconductor.

Preferably, the upper surface of described first friction element and/or the upper surface of the second friction element be through chemical modification, So that the top surface introducing in described first friction element is readily obtained the functional group of electronics and/or in the described second friction The top surface of unit introduces the functional group easily losing electronics.

Preferably, the described functional group easily losing electronics includes amino, hydroxyl or alkoxyl；Described it is readily obtained electronics Functional group include acyl group, carboxyl, nitro or sulfonic group.

Preferably, the upper surface of described first friction element and/or the lower surface of the second friction element be through chemical modification, So that the top surface in described first friction element introduces negative charge and/or the upper table facestock in described second friction element Material introduces positive charge.

Preferably, replace insulant with conductive material or semi-conducting material is prepared described first friction element or second and rubbed Wipe unit.

Preferably, constitute described first friction element or the described conductive material of the second friction element is selected from metal, conduction Oxide and conducting polymer.

Preferably, described first conductive unit and the second conductive unit are selected from metal, conductive oxide and conducting polymer.

Preferably, described metal is selected from gold, silver, platinum, aluminum, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium, and the conjunction being formed by above-mentioned metal Gold.

Preferably, described first friction element and/or the second friction element are thin film or thin slice.

Preferably, described first friction element and/or the second friction element are flexible material.

Preferably, described first friction element and/or the second friction element are hard material.

Preferably, described first conductive unit and/or the second conductive unit are thin film or thin slice.

Preferably, described inner core and/or shell are flexible.

Preferably, described inner core and/or shell are hard.

Accordingly, the present invention also provides a kind of gyroscope, including described friction nanometer power generator and sensing recording equipment, Wherein,

First friction element of described friction nanometer power generator and the second friction element are correspondingly arranged；

Described sensing recording equipment is multi-path signal of telecommunication recording equipment, first being correspondingly arranged in friction nanometer power generator Conductive unit and the second conductive unit are respectively connecting to sense two inputs of one path of recording equipment；When be correspondingly arranged When first friction element is contacted with each other with the second friction element and separates and produce electric charge transfer, respectively with the first friction element and The signal of telecommunication sensed recording equipment note producing between first conductive unit of the second friction element contact and the second conductive unit Record.

Preferably, the outer surface of described friction nanometer power generator inner core has spherical symmetric structure.

Preferably, the inner surface of described friction nanometer power generator shell has spherical symmetric structure.

Preferably, when being not affected by described external force effect, in the center of described interior core outer surface and described inner surface of outer cover The heart essentially coincides.

Compared with prior art, the friction nanometer power generator of the present invention has following advantages：

1st, the efficient utilization of energy can be realized.In the friction nanometer power generator of the present invention, if the outer surface setting of inner core Dry the first friction element, arranges several the second friction elements, by external force on the inner surface of outer cover around inner core（Shake The impulsive force of the generations such as dynamic, impact, wind-force or tide）When, inner core, with respect to reciprocal movement, makes the first friction element and Two friction elements contact with each other and separate and produce the signal of telecommunication between first electrode unit and second electrode unit.Such rub Wipe nano generator structure, the mechanical energy of the external force of fixed-direction not only can be changed into electric energy, and can easily by The mechanical energy of different directions external force is changed into electric energy it is achieved that the efficient utilization of energy.Especially can apply in vibrations, impact etc. The collection of the impulsive force mechanical energy producing.

When shell is for sealing structure, the power generation process of friction nanometer power generator is made to be not affected by the surrounding environment, therefore The generating under the environment such as wind-force, current can also be applied to.This is a kind of unique texture that other designs are not readily reachable by.

2nd, carry out large-scale tide generating.The shell of friction nanometer power generator and/or inner core setting using flexible material Meter, be can achieve and generated electricity using the undercurrent of water surface, shallow water and deep water.And, the combination of multiple friction nanometer power generator can be with shape Become powerful power supply.

3rd, structure is simple, lightly portable and highly compatible.The friction nanometer power generator of the present invention without Magnet, coil, turn The parts such as son, structure is simple, easy to make, with low cost.

4th, the new breakthrough in novel sensor principle and application.In the friction nanometer power generator of the present invention, according to inner core with The direction of relative movement of shell makes the first friction element of diverse location contact with each other with the second friction element and separate, first Produce the signal of telecommunication between conductive unit and the second conductive unit, by sensing recording equipment, the record of this signal can be perceived outer The direction of power.Therefore, the electromotor that the present invention provides can be inertia and the machinery sensing dress of one 360 ° or 4 omnibearing stereos Put-gyroscope, and power supply need not be provided for gyroscope, be a kind of self-driven gyroscope.The technical side being provided according to the present invention Case, it is possible to produce have the system of ball-type symmetrically comprehensive positioning and navigation, is applied to the automatically controlling of aircraft, micromechanics With fields such as alignment systems.

Brief description

By, shown in accompanying drawing, the above and other purpose of the present invention, feature and advantage will become apparent from.In whole accompanying drawings Identical reference indicates identical part.Deliberately do not press actual size equal proportion scaling and draw accompanying drawing, it is preferred that emphasis is show Go out the purport of the present invention.

Fig. 1 is the typical structure schematic diagram of the friction nanometer power generator of the present invention；

Fig. 2 is structural representation when the first friction element is contacted with the second friction element in electromotor；

Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 is that in electromotor, inner core and shell realize reciprocating connected mode schematic diagram；

Fig. 5 is the electricity generating principle schematic diagram of the friction nanometer power generator of the present invention；

Fig. 6 be embodiment one in inner core along vertical axis direction schematic cross-section；

Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 is electric generator structure schematic diagram in embodiment one；

Fig. 9 and Figure 10 is the electric generator structure schematic diagram in embodiment one using different structure inner core and shell；

Figure 11 includes the electric generator structure schematic diagram of enclosing cover for embodiment one；

Figure 12 and Figure 13 is the structural representation of electromotor in embodiment two；

Figure 14 is the structural representation of the gyroscope of the present invention.

Specific embodiment

Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete Site preparation describes.Obviously, described embodiment is only a part of embodiment of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments.Based on this Embodiment in invention, the every other reality that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under the premise of not making creative work Apply example, broadly fall into the scope of protection of the invention.

Secondly, the present invention is described in detail with reference to schematic diagram, when describing the embodiment of the present invention in detail, for purposes of illustration only, institute Stating schematic diagram is example, and its here should not limit the scope of protection of the invention.

The present invention provides one kind will move, vibrate, wind-force, and the mechanical energy of the naturally occurring such as tide and current is converted into electric energy The simple friction nanometer power generator of structure.The friction nanometer power generator of the present invention make use of the polarity in friction electrode sequence to deposit Produce the phenomenon of surface charge transfer in the material of difference.

Heretofore described " friction electrode sequence ", refers to the row attraction degree of electric charge being carried out according to material Sequence, bi-material in the moment contacting with each other friction, the material of negative charge polarity calibration from friction electrode sequence on rubbing surface Surface is transferred to the more negative material surface of polarity in friction electrode sequence.So far, also do not have a kind of unified theory can be complete The mechanism of whole explanation electric charge transfer it is considered that, this electric charge transfer is related with the surface work function of material, by electronics or Transfer on rubbing surface for person's ion and realize electric charge transfer.It should be noted that friction electrode sequence is a kind of based on experience Statistical result, that is, bi-material differ more remote in the sequence, after contact, the positive negativity of produced electric charge is consistent with this sequence The probability closing is bigger, and the result of reality is affected by various factors, such as material surface roughness, ambient humidity and Whether there is Relative friction etc..

Heretofore described " contact electric charge ", refers to that the material having differences in two kinds of friction electrode sequence polarity is contacting Electric charge that after rubbing and separating, its surface is carried it is considered that, this electric charge is only distributed in the surface of material, is distributed depth capacity But about 10 nanometers.It should be noted that the symbol of contact electric charge is the symbol of net charge, that is, with just contacting electric charge Some areas of material surface there may be the aggregation zone of negative charge, but the symbol of whole surface net charge is just.

The specific embodiment party of the present invention for the ease of understanding technical scheme, is discussed in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings Formula.

Embodiment one：

A kind of typical case's basic structure of the friction nanometer power generator of the present invention, referring to Fig. 1, including inner core 100 with around interior The shell 200 of core 100, inner core 100 with elastic movement, can make outer surface and the shell 200 of inner core 100 with respect to shell 200 There is Flexible change in the distance between inner surface, the outer surface of inner core 100 is provided with several the first conductive units 101, often Individual first conductive unit 101 upper surface arranges the first friction element 102, and that is, the first friction element 102 is arranged on inner core Outer surface；Several the second conductive units 201 are provided with the inner surface of shell 200, each the second conductive unit 201 upper surface Contact the second friction element 202 of setting, that is, the second friction element is arranged on the medial surface of shell；First friction element 102 The upper surface towards the second friction element 202 for the upper surface or the inner surface of shell 200, or the upper table of the second friction element 202 The upper surface towards the first friction element 102 for the face or the outer surface of inner core 100；The outer surface of inner core 100 and the interior table of shell 200 Face is insulating surface；Under external force, the distance between the inner surface of shell and outer surface of inner core change, make to Few first friction element 102 is contacted with each other with least one second friction element 202 and/or rubs, referring to Fig. 2, concurrently Raw surface charge transfer.Due to the relative elastic movement and shell 200 between of inner core 100, drive the first friction element 102 and second Separate after friction element 202 contact, that is, the upper surface of the first friction element 102 and the upper surface of the second friction element 202 connect After touching, separate along the direction vertical with the tangent line on the surface that contacts with each other, in the first conductive unit 101 and the second conductive unit Electric signal output is produced between 201.

Because the first conductive unit and the first friction element correspond, the second conductive unit and the second conductive unit are one by one Corresponding, for convenience of description, the first friction element referred to as first is rubbed by the outer surface that the first conductive unit is arranged on inner core Wipe the outer surface that unit is arranged on inner core, the second friction element is referred to as by the inner surface that the second conductive unit is arranged on shell Second friction element is arranged on the inner surface of shell.

In the present invention, described shell and inner core can be kept completely separate it is also possible to part contact.Can by control inner core with The distance of shell, makes at least part of first friction element not contact with the second friction element.

Inner core can be connected by several elastomeric elements with shell, realizes the reciprocating motion that inner core is with respect to shell.Interior Core has various ways with the connected mode of shell, referring to Fig. 3, can be connected to inner core and shell using multiple elastomeric elements 300 Between.Preferably, concrete connected mode is that the top of each elastomeric element 300 is connected to inner core 100, the bottom of elastomeric element 300 End is connected to shell 200.When friction nanometer power generator is subject to external force（Impulsive force）During effect, make the elasticity between inner core and shell Component undergoes deformation, makes the distance between inner core and shell change, in the presence of elastomeric element, inner core is with respect to shell Carry out the reciprocating motion of elasticity.

The inner core of friction nanometer power generator and the connected mode of shell can also not have between inner core and shell referring to Fig. 4 It is directly linked together, have two kinds of connected modes.Referring to Fig. 4 a, inner core 100 is carried out flexible fastening using elastomeric element 301, Shell 200 is rigidly fixed（The not shown fixed position of in figure）, when friction nanometer power generator is subject to external force（Impulsive force）During effect, In the presence of elastomeric element 301 inner core occur with respect to shell reciprocating motion, the direction of motion along direction shown in arrow, or The drawing high and shrinkage direction of person's elastomeric element 301.Referring to Fig. 4 b, shell 200 is carried out flexible fastening using elastomeric element 302, Inner core 100 is rigidly fixed（In figure shows fixed position）, when friction nanometer power generator is subject to external force（Impulsive force）Make Used time, there is the reciprocating motion with respect to inner core in shell in the presence of elastomeric element 302, and the direction of motion is along side shown in arrow To.Such structure can apply the mechanical energy on vibrations equipment, producing for collecting device vibrations, inner core and shell permissible It is fixed on same equipment it is also possible to fix on different devices.

The material of the upper surface of the upper surface of the first friction element of friction nanometer power generator and the second friction element exists Friction electrode sequence difference.Make under external force between inner core and shell occur move back and forth when, drive the first friction element with There is surface charge transfer in the second friction element contact or friction, the first friction element is separated with the second friction element afterwards, The process of the signal of telecommunication is produced referring to Fig. 5 between first conductive unit and the second conductive unit, under the original state not having external force, There is certain interval between first friction element 102 and the second friction element 202（Referring to step A in Fig. 5）.Due to inner core with Can do relatively reciprocating motion between shell, taking be connected by elastomeric element between inner core and shell as a example, when there being external force effect, Elastomeric element between inner core and shell is compressed, and leads to the distance between interior core outer surface and inner surface of outer cover to change, So that the first friction element 102 and the second friction element 202 is contacted with each other or the generation surface charge transfer that rubs, form layer of surface Contact electric charge（Referring to step B in Fig. 5）.Material due to the first friction element 102 upper surface and the second friction element 202 upper surface Position in friction electrode sequence for the material is different, and the second friction element 202 surface produces positive charge, and the first friction element 102 table Face produces negative charge, and the electricity size of two kinds of electric charges is identical, therefore the first conductive unit 101 and the second conductive unit 201 it Between there is no electric potential difference, just do not have yet electric charge flow.Under the elastic reaction of elastomeric element, the first friction element 102 rubs with second Wipe unit 202 to occur to separate, now had by the entirety that the first conductive unit 101 and the first friction element 102 are constituted and only remain Negative charge, and the entirety that the second conductive unit 201 and the second friction element 201 are constituted has and only remains positive charge, therefore the Electric potential difference is created between one conductive unit 101 and the second conductive unit 201.For balancing this electric potential difference, electronics passes through external circuit Second conductive unit 201 is flowed into by the first conductive unit 101, thus produce conductive to first by the second conductive unit in external circuit The transient current of unit（Referring to step C in Fig. 5）.When the first friction element 102 returns to initial position, it is single with the second friction Electric charge between unit 202 all reaches balance, does not have electric potential difference between the first conductive unit 101 and the second conductive unit 201, External circuit does not just have electric current to produce yet（Referring to D step in Fig. 5）.In the presence of elastomeric element, inner core is with shell each other Elastic movement, makes the first conductive unit 101 and the spacing of the second friction element 202 diminish again, the second friction element 202 surface Positive charge in the first conductive unit 101 positive charge repulsive interaction strengthen, the negative electricity on the first friction element 102 surface simultaneously Lotus also strengthens to the sucking action of positive charge in the second conductive unit 201, thus leads to the first conductive unit 101 and second conductive Electric potential difference between unit 201 reduces.For balancing this electric potential difference further, electronics passes through external circuit by the second conductive unit 201 Flow into the first conductive unit 101, thus producing and transient current in opposite direction for the first time in external circuit（Referring to step in Fig. 5 E）.After the first friction element 102 and the second friction element 202 come in contact again, repeat the situation of B-E step above.By This is visible, the reciprocating motion between the inner core of friction nanometer power generator and shell, and the first friction that inner core 100 drives can be promoted single Second frictional layer 13 of unit 102 and shell 200 drive occurs constantly to be contacting and separating, and forms the signal of telecommunication and constantly exports.The present invention Friction nanometer power generator can reclaim vibrations, energy that current, tide or wind produce.

Preferably, multiple first friction elements 102 and multiple second friction elements 202 are correspondingly arranged, and make inner core and shell During relative motion, one the first friction element is only contacted with second friction element, and second friction element is every time only with one Individual first friction element contact, referring to Fig. 1 to Fig. 3.

Although the phenomenon of triboelectrification is recognized by people already, this area is to the material category that triboelectrification can occur Also have common recognition, often it is understood that be that friction can play electrostatic, but for being generated electricity using sliding friction and by its device Partization be then present invention firstly provides.By present invention operation principle provided above, those skilled in the art can be clear Recognize to Chu the working method of sliding friction nano generator such that it is able to understand the selection principle of each component materials.

First friction element of friction nanometer power generator and the second friction element are respectively by having differentiated friction electrical characteristics Material forms, and described differentiated friction electrical characteristics mean that the two is in different positions in friction electrode sequence, so that The two can produce contact electric charge on surface during coming in contact or rubbing.Conventional insulant all has franklinic electricity Characteristic, all can enumerate as the material of the preparation present invention the first friction element 102 and the second friction element 202 herein Conventional insulant is simultaneously sorted by positive polarity to negative polarity according to friction electrode sequence：Aniline-formaldehyde resin, polyformaldehyde, ethyl are fine Dimension element, polyamide 11, polyamide 6-6, Pilus Caprae seu Oviss and its fabric, silkworm silk and its fabric, paper, Polyethylene Glycol succinate, fiber Element, cellulose acetate, polyethyleneglycol adipate, polydiallyl phthalate, regenerated cellulosic sponge, cotton and its knit Thing, polyurethane elastomer, SAN, SB, wood, hard rubber, acetate, people Make fiber, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyester（Terylene）, polyisobutylene, elastic polyurethane sponge, poly- to benzene two Formic acid glycol ester, polyvinyl butyral resin, hycar, neoprene, natural rubber, polyacrylonitrile, poly- (vinylidene chloride-co- acrylonitrile), poly bisphenol carbonic ester, CPPG, polyvinylidene chloride, poly-（2,6- dimethyl polyphenylene Oxide）, polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, poly- diphenyl propane carbonic ester, polyethylene terephthalate, polyamides sub- Amine, polrvinyl chloride, polydimethylsiloxane, polytrifluorochloroethylene, politef.

With respect to insulator, quasiconductor and metal are respectively provided with the triboelectric characteristics easily losing electronics, in friction electrode sequence List in be frequently located at end.Therefore, quasiconductor and metal can also rub as preparing the first friction element 102 or second The material of unit 202.Conventional quasiconductor includes silicon, germanium；IIIth and the Vth compounds of group, such as GaAs, gallium phosphide etc.；The II and the VIth compounds of group, such as cadmium sulfide, zinc sulfide etc.；And be made up of III-V compounds of group and II-VI compounds of group Solid solution, such as gallium aluminum arsenide, gallium arsenic phosphide etc..In addition to above-mentioned Crystalline Semiconductors, also amorphous glass semiconductor, organic partly lead Body etc..Non-conductive oxide, conductor oxidate and complex oxide also have triboelectric characteristics, can be in friction process shape Become surface charge, therefore may also be used for the frictional layer as the present invention, the such as oxide of manganese, chromium, ferrum, copper, also include oxygen SiClx, manganese oxide, chromium oxide, ferrum oxide, copper oxide, zinc oxide, BiO₂And Y₂O₃；Conventional metal include gold, silver, platinum, aluminum, Nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium, and the alloy being formed by above-mentioned metal.It is, of course, also possible to there is the material of conductive characteristic using other Material serves as the friction layer material easily losing electronics, such as indium tin oxide ITO.

As space is limited the reason, exhaustion can not be carried out to all possible material, only list several specific materials herein Expect from people's reference, but it is clear that these specific materials can not become the restrictive factor of the scope of the present invention, because Under the enlightenment of the present invention, those skilled in the art is easy to select other according to the triboelectric characteristics that these materials have Similar material.

It is found through experiments, when the electronic capability difference that obtains of the first friction element 102 and the second friction element 202 material is got over Greatly（I.e. the position difference in friction electrode sequence is more remote）When, the signal of telecommunication of friction nanometer power generator output is stronger.So, permissible According to actual needs, suitable material is selected to prepare the first friction element 102 and the second friction element 202, to obtain more preferably Output effect.

In the present embodiment, the inner core of friction nanometer power generator can be solid or hollow body, the material to inner core Material no particular/special requirement, can for rigid can also be for flexible material it is only necessary to ensure inner core be insulator for surface, example As solid rubber, hollow ceramic etc. can be selected.

Inner core can be hollow or solid cylinder, hollow or solid spheroid, spheroid or polyhedron, the appearance of inner core Face can be cylinder, sphere, irregular sphere, ellipsoid or many faceted pebbles（Polyhedron）.

In the present embodiment, the material no particular/special requirement of the shell of friction nanometer power generator, can also be able to be hard for flexibility Property material it is only necessary to ensure that the inner surface of shell be insulant, the material of the material of shell preferably anti acid alkali performance, example As flexible Organic substance insulant.Shell can be the shape such as tubular, spherical shell shape, ellipsoid hull shape, polyhedral shell or non- The part cylinder of closure, the inner surface of shell can be the face of cylinder of closure, prismatic surface, or the sphere of closing, ellipsoid, many Face body or the shelly do not closed, such as hemispherical or arc shelly etc..The inner surface of shell and the outer surface of inner core Shape can identical it is also possible to differ.

Preferably, the outer surface of inner core is sphere or ellipsoid, and the inner surface of shell is sphere or ellipsoid；Do not apply institute When stating external force, the center of the outer surface of inner core is overlapped with the center of the inner surface of shell.Such structure makes inner core Space and shell between is symmetrical structure.

Preferably, the outer surface of inner core is sphere or ellipsoid, and the inner surface of shell is cylinder；Do not apply described external force When, described inner core is generally within the middle part of described shell.

Preferably, referring to Fig. 3, in friction nanometer power generator, the first friction single 102 is corresponding with the second friction element 202 to be set Put, the upper surface area of the first friction element 102 is less than or equal to the upper surface area of the second friction element 202, in described external force Under effect, make the upper surface phase of upper surface second friction element described with completely of at least one described first friction element Mutually contact and/or rub.

In the friction nanometer power generator of the present embodiment, the first conductive unit and the second conductive unit can be selected from metal, lead Electroxidation thing and conducting polymer.Metal can be selected from gold, silver, platinum, aluminum, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or selenium, and by above-mentioned metal shape The alloy becoming.

In the friction nanometer power generator of the present embodiment, insulant or semi-conducting material preparation can be replaced with conductive material First friction element or the second friction element.Preferably, constitute and lead described in described first friction element or the second friction element Electric material is selected from metal, conductive oxide and conducting polymer.Metal can selected from gold, silver, platinum, aluminum, nickel, copper, titanium, chromium or Selenium, and the alloy being formed by above-mentioned metal.

In the friction nanometer power generator of the present embodiment, the upper surface of the upper surface of the first friction element and the second friction element For complementary graph, can be all plane referring to Figure 10 and Figure 12, or the identical cambered surface for can mutually fit.

In the friction nanometer power generator of the present embodiment, the upper surface of the first friction element can be cambered surface, accordingly, second The upper surface of friction element is the upper surface identical cambered surface with the first friction element, and that is, the upper surface of the first friction element is permissible Fit together with the upper surface of the second friction element completely.

In order to increase the contact area between the first friction element 102 and the second friction element 202, thus increasing contact electricity Lotus amount, can also to the first friction element 102 towards shell surface（The upper surface of the first friction element 102）And/or second Friction element 202 is towards the surface of inner core（The upper surface of the second friction element 202）Carry out physical modification so as to surface distributed has Micron or the micro structure array of secondary micron dimension, or the interspersing or coating of nano material.Specific method of modifying includes photoetching Erosion, chemical etching and plasma etching etc..Can also by nano material intersperse or coating by way of realizing this purpose.Institute Stating micro structure can be selected from nano wire, nanotube, nano-particle, nanometer channel, micron trenches, nanocone, micron cone, nanosphere With micron chondritic.

Chemistry can also be carried out to the upper surface of the upper surface of the first friction element 102 and/or the second friction element 202 to change Property, the transfer amount in Contact for the electric charge can be improved further, thus improving contact charge density and the output work of electromotor Rate.Chemical modification is divided into the following two kinds type again：

A kind of method is for the first friction element 102 contacting with each other and the second friction element 202 material, in polarity is Positive material surface introduces and is more easy to betatopic functional group（I.e. strong electron group）, or be that negative material surface introduces in polarity More be easy to get the functional group of electronics（Strong electrophilic group）, the transfer amount in mutual slip for the electric charge can be improved further, thus Improve the output of triboelectric charge density and electromotor.Strong electron group includes：Amino, hydroxyl, alkoxyl etc.；Strong electrophilic Group includes：Acyl group, carboxyl, nitro, sulfonic group etc..The introducing of functional group can be with routine sides such as using plasma surface modifications Method.Oxygen and the gaseous mixture of nitrogen for example can be made to produce plasma under certain power, thus the material in friction element Surface introduces amino.

Another method is to be that positive material surface introduces positive charge in polarity, and the material surface being negative in polarity draws Enter negative charge.Specifically can be realized by way of chemical bonding.For example, it is possible to utilize hydrolysis-condensation on PDMS surface（English It is abbreviated as sol-gel）Method modify upper tetraethyl orthosilicate（English is abbreviated as TEOS）, and make it negatively charged.Can also be in gold Belong to and modify upper surface containing cetyl trimethylammonium bromide using the bond of gold-sulfur on gold thin film layer（CTAB）Jenner's grain of rice Son, because cetyl trimethylammonium bromide is cation, therefore can make whole substrate become positively charged.Those skilled in the art Member can select suitable decorative material and its key according to the species of the receiving and losing electrons property of baseplate material and surface chemistry key Close, to reach the purpose of the present invention, therefore such deformation is all within protection scope of the present invention.

The present invention the first friction element 102 and the second friction element 202 can be that hard material can also select flexible material Material, because the hardness of material has no effect on sliding friction effect therebetween, those skilled in the art can be according to reality Situation is selected.The thickness of the first friction element 102 and the second friction element 202 is practiced without notable shadow to the present invention Ring, simply need to consider friction element intensity and the factors such as generating efficiency during setting.The present invention preferably first Friction element and/or the second friction element are thin film or thin slice, and thickness is 50nm-2cm, preferably 1 μm -50 μm, 50 μm -500 μm, More preferably 500 μm -800mm, more preferably 1mm-500mm, these thickness are all suitable for technical scheme all of in the present invention.

Embodiment two：

In the present embodiment, the inner core of friction nanometer power generator is cylindricality or tubular, and the lateral surface of described inner core is cylinder, if Dry first friction element is arranged on the lateral surface of inner core.Preferably, cutting in the vertical axis with described inner core lateral surface The figure that face is formed is selected from hollow or solid circular, oval or polygon, referring to Fig. 6.In the present embodiment, friction nanometer is sent out Relative motion between the core of motor and housing is carried out in two dimensional surface.

Preferably, shell is the tubular around inner core, and inner core is essentially identical with the bearing of trend of shell, makes shell and inner core Form tube-in-tube structure.

With inner core as cylinder, shell for cylindric friction nanometer power generator as a example, illustrate rubbing of the present embodiment Wipe the structure of nano generator, referring to Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, Fig. 7 is the schematic top plan view along friction nanometer power generator inner core axial direction, Fig. 8 is the sectional view along AA ' line in Fig. 7 friction nanometer power generator.Friction nanometer power generator includes cylindric inner core 110 and encloses Around the cylinder-like shell 210 of inner core, inner core 110 lateral surface is provided with several the first conductive units 111, each first conductive list In unit 111, contact arranges first friction element 112, and that is, the first friction element is arranged on the outer surface of described inner core, its In, multiple first friction elements 112 are along vertical and inner core 110 axis（Direction of arrow C）Direction arrangement；In shell 210 Surface is provided with several the second conductive units 211, and contact on each second conductive unit 211 is provided with one second friction list Unit 212, that is, the second friction element be arranged on the inner surface of shell, wherein, multiple second friction elements 212 are along vertical and shell 210 axis（Direction of arrow C）Direction arrangement.Shell 210 and inner core 110 are connected by several elastomeric elements 310, each The top of elastomeric element is connected on the outer surface of inner core 110, and bottom is connected on the inner surface of shell 210, makes the first friction , towards shell 210, the upper surface of the second friction element 212 is towards inner core 110 for the upper surface of unit 112.It is preferably the first friction Unit 112 is arranged face-to-face with the second friction element 212, and elastomeric element 310 makes the first friction element 112 and the second friction Space is retained, when friction nanometer power generator is subject to external force between unit 212（Impulsive force）When, inner core is relatively with shell in arrow B Shown direction moves back and forth, and after inner core lateral movement to the left in specially Fig. 8, the elastomeric element on the left of in figure is compressed, right side Elastomeric element is drawn high, and therefore, inner core is subject to elastomeric element active force to the right and lateral movement to the right, and so on, inner core phase Reciprocating motion for shell makes the upper surface of at least one the first friction element 112 and the upper of second friction element 212 After the contact of surface, separate along the direction vertical with the tangent line on the surface that contacts with each other.

Preferably, the first friction element 112 is identical with the surface configuration of the second friction element 212, all for plane or be Curvature identical cambered surface.

Preferably, the first friction element is corresponding with the position of the second friction element, so that friction nanometer power generator is subject to outer During power, first friction element is only contacted with second friction element or rubs.It is furthermore preferred that the second friction element 212 Area be more than or equal to the area of the first friction element 112, to ensure, the first friction element is mutual when contacting with the second friction element The area that contacts is maximum, makes friction nanometer power generator obtain higher output.First friction element and the position of the second friction element When putting corresponding, when inner core moves back and forth in a plane with respect to shell, make on the first friction element of being correspondingly arranged The upper surface distance of surface and the second friction element expands or shrinks.

In the present embodiment, elastomeric element 310 can be spring, sponge elastomeric material, the number of elastomeric element and position According to practical structures, can there are multiple choices, be not specially limited here, ensure friction nanometer power generator structure and intensity On the premise of, as long as ensureing that core and housing being capable of elastic relative motioies.

Although only listing situation about being connected between inner core and shell by multiple elastomeric elements, for inner core and shell it In have one to rigidly fix, a resiliently mounted situation is also suitable.The friction nanometer power generator of this structure can be applied Occur, in the plant equipment of vibrations, inner core or shell to be fixed in plant equipment, makes can back and forth transport between inner core and shell Dynamic, the mechanical energy that vibrations are produced is changed into electric energy.

The shape of inner core and shell has multiple choices, the lateral surface of inner core and the medial surface of shell can identical can not also Identical, referring to Fig. 9, inner core 1101 is cylinder, and its lateral surface is the face of cylinder, and the medial surface of shell 2101 is elliptic cylinder；? Can be with inner core as elliptical cylinder-shape, its lateral surface is elliptic cylinder, and the medial surface of shell is the face of cylinder.Here the outside of shell 2101 The shape in face does not affect on the generating of friction nanometer power generator, can select suitable shape according to actual needs, for example may be used Think elliptic cylinder, the face of cylinder or prismatic surface.The structure of another friction nanometer power generator of the present embodiment shown in Figure 10 is shown It is intended to, inner core is eight prisms, and shell is tubular eight prism being centered around inner core.

In the present embodiment, the inner surface of shell can be closed surface, and that is, shell is tubular；The inner surface of shell can also For non-closed curved surface, such as arc shelly shell, the portions of lateral side of inner core by described shell around.

In the present embodiment, shell can also be enclosed construction, is connected extraction in the first conductive unit with the second conductive unit Wire（In figure does not show）Afterwards by inner core, the first conductive unit, the first friction element, the second conductive unit and the second friction element All it is sealed in inside the shell, referring to Figure 11, the first conductive unit 111 and the second conductive unit 211 connect respectively and draws wire （Do not show in Figure 11）, include enclosing cover 213 in two end faces up and down of shell 210, make inner core 110, the first conductive unit 111, First friction element 112, the second conductive unit 211 and the second friction element 212 are all by shell and outer cover seal, such structure The friction nanometer power generator that the present invention can be made is applied in the environment such as liquid, gas without affecting the normal work of electromotor Make.Preferably the material of enclosing cover 213 is identical with the material of shell 210.The knot of formation it is furthermore preferred that enclosing cover and shell are formed in one Structure.The friction nanometer power generator of this structure can be applied in the environment such as gas, liquid, and the power generation process of electromotor is not subject to ring The impact of border condition.

Preferably, in the friction nanometer power generator of the present embodiment, the lateral surface of inner core is identical with the medial surface shape of shell, Inner core adopts axisymmetric cylinder, cylindroid or prism, and described shell adopts axisymmetric cylindrical shell, cylindroid or prism, not When applying described external force, several described elastomeric elements make any described first friction element not connect with described second friction element Touch.It is preferably, several described elastomeric elements make described inner core coaxial with described shell, make the lateral surface of inner core and the interior of shell The distance between side is uniformly.

Preferably, the number of the first friction element is equal with the number of the second friction element, multiple first friction element edges The vertical axis direction with inner core lateral surface to be uniformly distributed, and, each first friction element and second friction element It is correspondingly arranged, referring to Fig. 7.Preferably, the second friction element is along vertical and inner core lateral surface axis direction arrangement.

Preferably, the lateral surface of inner core is axisymmetrical surfaces, the such as face of cylinder, elliptic cylinder, quadrangular face or eight prisms Face, the relative motion between inner core and shell is carried out in a plane, and multiple first friction elements are pressed on interior core outer surface According to axial symmetry distribution.Friction nanometer power generator is by external force（During impulsive force）During effect, in the presence of elastomeric element, inner core After at least one first friction element being driven to contact with second friction element with shell, along with the surface that contacts with each other The vertical direction of tangent line separate.Such friction nanometer power generator can perceive the direction of the external force of 360 ° of scopes, Ke Yiyong In 360 ° of inertia and machinery sensing.

The lateral surface of described inner core can be the face of cylinder, and the first friction that the described face of cylinder is provided with given quantity is single Unit；The medial surface of shell is the face of cylinder, and the diameter with diameter greater than described inner core lateral surface, and the inner surface of described shell sets The number of described second friction element put is equal with described first friction element number；When being acted on by described external force, one First friction element is only contacted with second friction element and/or rubs, i.e. the first friction element and the second friction element pair Should arrange.Described given quantity is preferably the integral multiple of 4 or 8.

The lateral surface of described inner core can be prismatic surface, and each side of described prismatic surface is provided with the first friction list Unit；The inner surface configuration of shell is identical with described inner core lateral surface, cross-sectional area be more than described inner core cross-sectional area rib Cylinder, the inner surface of described shell includes described second friction element with described first friction element correspondence position；By institute When stating external force effect, first friction element is only contacted with second friction element and/or rubs.Preferably, inner core Lateral surface is rectangular pyramid face or eight prismatic surfaces.

It should be noted that heretofore described cylinder is not strict with all cross-sectional areas and the shape of cylinder All identical, also include the situation that cross-sectional area and shape differ, for example, described cylinder can be the lateral surface of frustum. The shape of concrete cylinder should not become the factor limiting the scope of the present invention.

Embodiment three：

In the present embodiment, the inner core of friction nanometer power generator is solid or hollow polyhedron, spheroid, irregular spheroid or The structures such as spheroid, the outer surface of described inner core is polyhedron, sphere, irregular sphere or ellipsoid, and preferably inner core is outer Surface is sphere, regular hexahedron, spheroid or cylinder.Shell is enclosed construction, conductive by described first by wire After unit and the extraction of the second conductive unit by described inner core be all surrounded inside the housing, inner core relatively can be in two dimension with shell Or three-dimensional motion.So that inner core adopts regular hexahedron, shell to adopt hollow regular hexahedron as a example, specifically introduce in the present embodiment The structure of friction nanometer power generator.

Referring to Figure 12 and Figure 13, Figure 12 is the structural representation of the present embodiment friction nanometer power generator, Figure 13 be inner core with And the connection diagram of elastomeric element.Friction nanometer power generator includes regular hexahedron inner core 120 and around inner core hollow positive six Face body case 210, each surface of the lateral surface of inner core 120 is both provided with least one first conductive unit 121, and each first One the first friction element 122 of contact setting on conductive unit 121；Shell 220 inner surface setting has several the second conductive lists Unit 211, one the second friction element 212 of contact setting on each second conductive unit, shell 220 and inner core 120 pass through 8 bullets Property part 320 connects, and the top of each elastomeric element is connected at a drift angle of inner core 120, and bottom is connected to shell 210 At corresponding drift angle on inner surface.It is preferably the first friction element 122 to arrange face-to-face with the second friction element 222, and bullet Property part 320 make between the first friction element 122 and the second friction element 222 retain space, when friction nanometer power generator is subject to External force（Impulsive force）When, in the presence of elastomeric element, inner core moves back and forth inside the housing, makes at least one first friction single After first 122 upper surface and the upper surface of second friction element 222, along vertical with the tangent line on the surface that contacts with each other Direction from.

Preferably, the surface of the first friction element 122 and the second friction element 222 is complementary shape, all for plane or For identical cambered surface, contact area maximum when making the first friction element and the second friction element contact with each other, be conducive to rubbing Nano generator obtains higher output.

Preferably, the outer surface of described inner core is sphere or ellipsoid, and the inner surface of described shell is sphere or ellipsoid, When not being subject to external force effect, elastomeric element makes the center of the outer surface of inner core substantially heavy with the center of the inner surface of shell Close.

The inner surface of the above-mentioned outer surface simply listing inner core and shell is all hexahedral situation, for other structures Inner core similar with shell situation.

Preferably, the first friction element is corresponding with the position of the second friction element, so that friction nanometer power generator is subject to outer During power, first friction element is only contacted with second friction element or rubs, and second friction element only with One the first friction element contact.It is furthermore preferred that the area of the second friction element 222 is more than or equal to the first friction element 122 Area, to ensure, the first friction element contacts with each other area maximum with the second friction element when contacting, make friction nanometer power generator Obtain higher output.

In the present embodiment, elastomeric element 320 can be spring, sponge elastomeric material, the number of elastomeric element and position According to practical structures, can there are multiple choices, be not specially limited here, ensure friction nanometer power generator structure and intensity On the premise of, as long as ensureing that core and housing being capable of elastic relative motioies.

Although the inner surface of the outer surface and shell only listing inner core in the present embodiment is all regular hexahedron, and mutually Between situation about being connected by 8 elastomeric elements, for the friction nanometer power generator using other structures inner core and shell, also exist Protection scope of the present invention.For example, inner core can adopt the structure such as cylinder, spheroid, spheroid.

Preferably, inner core adopts solid or hollow spheroid or spheroid, and the inner surface of shell is more than outside inner core for area The closing sphere on surface or ellipsoid, the outer surface of described shell can be sphere, ellipsoid or regular hexahedron face.Described shell Connected by several elastomeric elements and inner core between, one end of each described elastomeric element is connected to inner core, and the other end connects In shell it is preferred that several elastomeric elements are evenly distributed between inner core and shell, inner core is made to be located at the interposition of shell Put.Preferably, the material of several elastomeric elements is all identical with structure.Preferably, multiple described first friction elements uniformly divide Cloth is in the outer surface of inner core.

In the present embodiment, the outer surface of described inner core can be column, and the inner surface of shell can be using outer with inner core The similar structure in surface.For example, inner core adopts cylindrical-shaped structure, and shell adopts hollow cylinder or prism structure, described inner core It is connected on the inner surface of described shell by several elastomeric elements.

Preferably, the outer surface of described inner core includes multiple planes, the structure that the plurality of plane is formed be quadrangular or Eight prisms, are both provided with the first friction element in each described plane.Inner core can be reciprocal in 4 π spaces with respect to shell Motion, makes the first friction element be contacting and separating with the second friction element, conductive single in corresponding first conductive unit and second Form the signal of telecommunication between unit, the mechanical energy of 4 π spaces energy can be changed into electric energy.

Preferably, the inner surface configuration of described shell is identical with the outer surface of described inner core；Described second friction element with Described first friction element is correspondingly arranged.

The outer surface of inner core is sphere or during ellipsoid, and multiple described first friction elements are in the outer surface of described inner core The maximum circumference of one girth or be uniformly distributed on oval week.Preferably, the second friction element is corresponding with the first friction element sets Put, inner core, with respect to reciprocal movement, makes the first friction element be contacting and separating with the second friction element, corresponding first Form the signal of telecommunication between conductive unit and the second conductive unit, the mechanical energy in 360 ° of spaces can be changed into electric energy.

Example IV：

Gyroscope is a kind of device for determining direction He automatically control, and it is widely used in micromachine, mobile phone, flies The fields such as row device control.The design of existing gyroscope is the change such as electric capacity of capacitor etc. of the electrical quantity being brought according to inertia Change carry out the change of perceived direction.These test modes generally require additional power source to complete.

The friction nanometer power generator of the present invention not only can reclaim the energy that vibrations, current, tide or wind-force produce, and The direction by power can be perceived, and by the first conductive unit and the second conductive unit, the direction by power is passed to outer Boundary.Therefore, the electromotor of the present invention can be one 360 °（In two-dimensional space）Or 4（Three dimensions）The inertia of omnibearing stereo and Mechanical sensing device, can apply to automatically controlling of aircraft, micromechanics and alignment system.Therefore, different using inside the shell Second friction element of position and the first friction element are contacting and separating, in corresponding first conductive unit and the second conductive unit Produced electric signal output, it is possible to produce one has the system of the comprehensive positioning of symmetrical structure and navigation.This is that one have New principle and the comprehensive gyroscope of application.This gyroscope does not need additional power source, is a kind of self-driven gyroscope.

Referring to Figure 14, the gyroscope that the present invention provides includes friction nanometer power generator and sensing recording equipment, described friction Nano generator is the electromotor in embodiment one to three, and the preferably first friction element is corresponding with the second friction element to be set The friction nanometer power generator put, accordingly, the first conductive unit is also correspondingly arranged with the second conductive unit；Sensing recording equipment For multi-path signal of telecommunication recording equipment, the first conductive unit being correspondingly arranged in friction nanometer power generator and the second conductive unit divide Do not connect to two inputs of sensing one path of recording equipment, when the first friction element being correspondingly arranged and the second friction are single When unit contacts with each other and separates and produce electric charge transfer, contacted with the first friction element and the second friction element respectively first is led The sensed recording equipment of the signal of telecommunication producing between electric unit and the second conductive unit is recorded, permissible in sensing recording equipment Preset the position relationship of the friction element contacting with each other in connected conductive unit and friction nanometer power generator.To rub In nano generator, the first conductive unit 131 of inner core 130 outer surface setting is all connected to sensing recording equipment, in shell 230 Second conductive unit 231 of surface setting is all connected to sensing recording equipment, when friction nanometer power generator is subject to external force（Impact Power）During effect, in the presence of elastomeric element 330, inner core is reciprocating with respect to shell, and inner core 130 drives the first friction Unit 132 is come in contact with the second friction element 232 being supported on shell 230 inner surface and separates, and in the first conductive unit 131 and second produce the signal of telecommunication between conductive unit 231, will be rubbed by the first conductive unit 131 and the second conductive unit 231 The signal of telecommunication that nano generator produces is sent to sensing recording equipment, meanwhile, senses recording device records the first conductive unit 131 With corresponding first friction element 132 of the second conductive unit 231 and the second friction element 232 position in friction nanometer electromotor Put.

The present embodiment provide gyroscope, can aircraft automatically control or localizer in use when, need not be gyro Instrument provides power supply, can be with automatic sensing aircraft at 360 °（In two-dimensional space）Or 4（Three dimensions）Omnibearing attitude.This The gyroscope of bright offer, is a kind of brand-new self-driven gyroscope, can apply in fields such as aircraft, micromechanics.

Preferably, in friction nanometer power generator, it is connected by multiple elastomeric elements between inner core and shell, referring to Figure 14, Multiple described elastomeric elements all should be distributed between described inner core and shell, and the top of each elastomeric element is connected to inner core 130 Outer surface, bottom is connected to the inner surface of shell 230.

Preferably, the outer surface of the inner core of friction nanometer power generator has spherical symmetric structure, it is furthermore preferred that shell is interior Surface has spherical symmetric structure.

Preferably, when friction nanometer power generator is not affected by described external force effect, described inner core is generally within described inside the shell The center of surface besieged city structure, referring to Fig. 1, Figure 10, Figure 12 or Figure 14 etc..

Sensing recording equipment no particular/special requirement in the present invention, as long as the recording equipment having multipair input can be applied In the gyroscope of the present invention.The instrument of for example multiple measurement voltages or electric current integrates the sensing record as the present invention Device.

The each several part of the friction nanometer power generator of the present invention can be using existing technology preparation, specific preparation method It is not specially limited here.

The above, be only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not the present invention is made with any pro forma restriction.Appoint What those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing under technical solution of the present invention ambit, can be utilized the side of the disclosure above Method and technology contents make many possible variations and modification to technical solution of the present invention, or the equivalent reality being revised as equivalent variations Apply example.Therefore, every content without departing from technical solution of the present invention, the technical spirit according to the present invention is done to above example Any simple modification, equivalent variations and modification, all still fall within the range of technical solution of the present invention protection.

Claims

1. a kind of friction nanometer power generator is it is characterised in that include inner core and the shell around described inner core,

Several the first conductive units are provided with the outer surface of described inner core, each described first conductive unit upper surface First friction element is set；

Several the second conductive units are provided with the inner surface of described shell, each described second conductive unit upper surface Second friction element is set；

The upper surface towards described second friction element for the upper surface of described first friction element or the inner surface of described shell；Extremely Small part first friction element is not contacted with described second friction element；

The outer surface of described inner core is insulating surface with the inner surface of described shell；

Under external force, described inner core can move back and forth with respect to described shell, makes at least one described first friction single After the upper surface of unit is contacted with each other with the upper surface of at least one the second friction element, hang down along the tangent line with the surface that contacts with each other Straight direction separates, and produces the signal of telecommunication between described first conductive unit and the second conductive unit.

2. friction nanometer power generator according to claim 1 it is characterised in that described inner core be solid or hollow cylinder, Described first friction element is arranged on the lateral surface of described inner core.

3. friction nanometer power generator according to claim 2 is it is characterised in that in the lateral surface perpendicular to described inner core The figure that the section of axis direction is formed is selected from circular, oval or polygon.

4. friction nanometer power generator according to claim 3 it is characterised in that described polygon be selected from equilateral triangle, Square, regular hexagon, regular pentagon or octagon.

5. the friction nanometer power generator according to any one of claim 2-4 is it is characterised in that described shell is around described The tubular of inner core, described inner core is essentially identical with the bearing of trend of described shell.

6. friction nanometer power generator according to claim 5 is it is characterised in that the medial surface of described tubular is interior with described The lateral surface shape identical closing cylinder of core.

7. the friction nanometer power generator according to any one of claim 2-4 is it is characterised in that the inner surface of described shell is Non-closed cylinder.

8. the friction nanometer power generator according to any one of claim 1-4 and 6 is it is characterised in that multiple described first Friction element is correspondingly arranged with multiple described second friction elements, makes one the first friction element when inner core and shell relative motion Only contact with second friction element.

9. the friction nanometer power generator according to any one of claim 2-4 and 6 it is characterised in that several described One friction element is along the axis direction arrangement perpendicular to described inner core；All described second friction elements are along perpendicular to described The axis direction arrangement of inner core lateral surface.

10. friction nanometer power generator according to claim 9 is it is characterised in that described inner core passes through several with shell Elastomeric element connects；The top of each described elastomeric element is connected to described inner core, and bottom is connected to described shell.

11. friction nanometer power generator according to claim 10 are it is characterised in that described inner core adopts axisymmetric circle Post, cylindroid or prism, described shell adopts axisymmetric cylindrical shell, Cylindrical Shells of Oval Cross-Section or prismatic shell, when not applying described external force, Several described elastomeric elements make any described first friction element not contact with described second friction element.

12. friction nanometer power generator according to claim 10 or 11 are it is characterised in that several described first frictions are single Unit is evenly distributed on the outer surface of described inner core.

13. friction nanometer power generator according to claim 12 are it is characterised in that the lateral surface of described inner core is cylinder Face, contact on the described face of cylinder is provided with described first friction element of given quantity；

The inner surface of described shell is the face of cylinder, and the diameter with diameter greater than described inner core lateral surface, and described second friction is single The number of unit is equal with described first friction element number；

When being acted on by described external force, only described with one the second friction element of described first friction element contact and/or Friction.

14. friction nanometer power generator according to claim 12 are it is characterised in that the lateral surface of described inner core is prism Face, each side of described prismatic surface is provided with described first friction element；

The inner surface configuration of described shell is identical with described inner core lateral surface, and cross-sectional area is more than described inner core cross section face Long-pending, the inner surface of described shell arranges described second friction element with described first friction element correspondence position；

15. friction nanometer power generator according to any one of claim 6,10-11 and 13-14 are it is characterised in that described Also include enclosing cover on shell, make described inner core, the first conductive unit, the first friction element, the second conductive unit and the second friction Unit is all by described shell and outer cover seal.

16. friction nanometer power generator according to claim 1 are it is characterised in that described inner core is hollow or solid ball Body, irregular spheroid, spheroid, polyhedron or cylinder.

17. friction nanometer power generator according to claim 16 are it is characterised in that described shell is enclosed construction, described The inner surface of shell is sphere, irregular sphere, ellipsoid, many faceted pebbles or the cylinder of closing.

18. friction nanometer power generator according to claim 16 or 17 are it is characterised in that the outer surface of described inner core is ball Face or ellipsoid, multiple described first friction elements are evenly distributed on the outer surface of described inner core.

19. friction nanometer power generator according to claim 18 are it is characterised in that multiple described first friction element is in institute State the girth largest circumference of interior core outer surface or be uniformly distributed on oval week.

20. friction nanometer power generator according to claim 16 or 17 are it is characterised in that the outer surface of described inner core includes Multiple planes, the structure that the plurality of plane is formed is quadrangular or eight prisms, is both provided with first in each described plane and rubs Wipe unit.

21. friction nanometer power generator according to claim 17 or 19 are it is characterised in that the inner surface configuration of described shell Identical with the outer surface of described inner core；Described first friction element and the second friction element are correspondingly arranged.

If 22. friction nanometer power generator according to claim 17 or 19 are it is characterised in that described inner core is passed through with shell Dry elastomeric element connects；The top of each described elastomeric element is connected to described inner core, and bottom is connected to described shell.

23. friction nanometer power generator according to any one of claim 1-4,6,10-11,13-14,16-17 and 19, its It is characterised by, the outer surface of described inner core is sphere or ellipsoid, the inner surface of described shell is sphere or ellipsoid；

When not applying described external force, the center of the outer surface of described inner core is heavy with the center of the inner surface of described shell Close.

24. friction nanometer power generator according to any one of claim 1-4,6,10-11,13-14,16-17 and 19, its It is characterised by, the outer surface of described inner core is sphere or ellipsoid, the inner surface of described shell is cylinder；Do not apply described external force When, described inner core is generally within the middle part of described shell.

25. friction nanometer power generator according to any one of claim 1-4,6,10-11,13-14,16-17 and 19, its It is characterised by, described first friction element is correspondingly arranged with described second friction element, the upper surface of described first friction element Area be less than or equal to described second friction element upper surface area, described external force effect under, make at least one described first The upper surface of the upper surface of friction element second friction element described with completely contacts with each other and/or rubs.

26. friction nanometer power generator according to claim 25 are it is characterised in that the upper surface of described first friction element Upper surface with described second friction element is complementary graph.

The 27. friction nanometer generating according to any one of claim 1-4,6,10-11,13-14,16-17,19 and 26 Machine is it is characterised in that the upper surface of described first friction element and/or the upper surface of the second friction element are distributed with micron or secondary The micro structure of micron dimension, or the interspersing or coating of nano material.

28. friction nanometer power generator according to claim 27 are it is characterised in that described micro structure is selected from nano wire, receives Mitron, nano-particle, nanometer channel, micron trenches, nanocone, micron cone, nanosphere or micron chondritic.

The 29. friction nanometers according to any one of claim 1-4,6,10-11,13-14,16-17,19,26 and 28 are sent out Motor is it is characterised in that the material of the upper surface of the material of upper surface of described first friction element and described second friction element There is friction electrode sequence difference between material.

The 30. friction nanometers according to any one of claim 1-4,6,10-11,13-14,16-17,19,26 and 28 are sent out Motor is it is characterised in that described first friction element is towards the surfacing of described shell and/or described second friction element face It is insulant or semi-conducting material to the surfacing of described inner core.

31. friction nanometer power generator according to claim 30 are it is characterised in that described insulant is selected from polyester.

32. friction nanometer power generator according to claim 30 are it is characterised in that described insulant is selected from aniline formaldehyde Resin, polyformaldehyde, ethyl cellulose, polyamide 11, polyamide 6-6, Pilus Caprae seu Oviss and its fabric, silkworm silk and its fabric, paper, poly- second Glycol succinate, cellulose, cellulose acetate, polyethyleneglycol adipate, polydiallyl phthalate, regeneration are fine The plain sponge of dimension, cotton and its fabric, polyurethane elastomer, SAN, SB, wood Head, hard rubber, acetate, staple fibre, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyisobutylene, elastic polyurethane sponge, Polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl butyral resin, hycar, neoprene, natural rubber, poly- Acrylonitrile, Vingon-co- acrylonitrile, poly bisphenol carbonic ester, CPPG, polyvinylidene chloride, poly- 2,6- dimethyl gather Phenylene oxide, polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, poly- diphenyl propane carbonic ester, polyimides, polrvinyl chloride, poly- two Methylsiloxane, polytrifluorochloroethylene or politef；

Described semi-conducting material is selected from silicon, germanium, the IIIth and the Vth compounds of group, the IIth and the VIth compounds of group, by III-V race The solid solution of compound and II-VI compounds of group composition, amorphous glass semiconductor or organic semiconductor.

33. frictions according to any one of claim 1-4,6,10-11,13-14,16-17,19,26,28 and 31-32 Nano generator is it is characterised in that the upper surface processization of the upper surface of described first friction element and/or the second friction element Learn modified so that the top surface introducing in described first friction element is readily obtained the functional group of electronics and/or described The top surface of the second friction element introduces the functional group easily losing electronics.

34. friction nanometer power generator according to claim 33 are it is characterised in that the described functional group easily losing electronics Including amino, hydroxyl or alkoxyl；The described functional group being readily obtained electronics includes acyl group, carboxyl, nitro or sulfonic group.

35. frictions according to any one of claim 1-4,6,10-11,13-14,16-17,19,26,28 and 31-32 Nano generator is it is characterised in that the lower surface processization of the upper surface of described first friction element and/or the second friction element Learn modified so that the top surface in described first friction element introduces negative charge and/or in described second friction element Top surface introduces positive charge.

36. rubbing according to any one of claim 1-4,6,10-11,13-14,16-17,19,26,28,31-32 and 34 Wipe nano generator it is characterised in that preparing described first friction list with conductive material replacement insulant or semi-conducting material Unit or the second friction element.

37. friction nanometer power generator according to claim 36 are it is characterised in that constitute described first friction element or the The described conductive material of two friction elements is selected from metal, conductive oxide or conducting polymer.

38. rubbing according to any one of claim 1-4,6,10-11,13-14,16-17,19,26,28,31-32 and 37 Wipe nano generator it is characterised in that described first conductive unit and the second conductive unit are selected from metal, conductive oxide or lead Electric macromolecule.

39. friction nanometer power generator according to claim 38 it is characterised in that described metal be selected from gold, silver, platinum, aluminum, Nickel, copper, titanium or chromium, or the alloy that formed by above-mentioned metal or the alloy being formed containing selenium.

40. according to any one of claim 1-4,6,10-11,13-14,16-17,19,26,28,31-32,37 and 39 Friction nanometer power generator it is characterised in that described first friction element and/or the second friction element are thin film or thin slice.

41. according to any one of claim 1-4,6,10-11,13-14,16-17,19,26,28,31-32,37 and 39 Friction nanometer power generator it is characterised in that described first friction element and/or the second friction element are flexible material.

42. according to any one of claim 1-4,6,10-11,13-14,16-17,19,26,28,31-32,37 and 39 Friction nanometer power generator it is characterised in that described first friction element and/or the second friction element are hard material.

43. according to any one of claim 1-4,6,10-11,13-14,16-17,19,26,28,31-32,37 and 39 Friction nanometer power generator it is characterised in that described first conductive unit and/or the second conductive unit are thin film or thin slice.

44. according to any one of claim 1-4,6,10-11,13-14,16-17,19,26,28,31-32,37 and 39 Friction nanometer power generator it is characterised in that described inner core and/or shell are flexible.

45. according to any one of claim 1-4,6,10-11,13-14,16-17,19,26,28,31-32,37 and 39 Friction nanometer power generator it is characterised in that described inner core and/or shell are hard.

A kind of 46. gyroscopes are it is characterised in that include the friction nanometer power generator described in any one of claim 1-45 and sensing Recording equipment, wherein,

Described sensing recording equipment is multi-path signal of telecommunication recording equipment, and first being correspondingly arranged in friction nanometer power generator is conductive Unit and the second conductive unit are respectively connecting to sense two inputs of one path of recording equipment；When first being correspondingly arranged When friction element is contacted with each other with the second friction element and separates and produce electric charge transfer, respectively with the first friction element and second The sensed recording device records of the signal of telecommunication producing between first conductive unit of friction element contact and the second conductive unit.

47. gyroscopes according to claim 46 are it is characterised in that the appearance mask of described friction nanometer power generator inner core There is spherical symmetric structure.

48. gyroscopes according to claim 47 are it is characterised in that the inner surface of described friction nanometer power generator shell has There is spherical symmetric structure.

49. gyroscopes according to claim 48 it is characterised in that when being not affected by the effect of described external force, outside described inner core The center on surface is essentially coincided with the center of described inner surface of outer cover.