CN103386635B - A kind of composite material blade of helicopter numerical control processing apparatus - Google Patents
A kind of composite material blade of helicopter numerical control processing apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN103386635B CN103386635B CN201310301691.4A CN201310301691A CN103386635B CN 103386635 B CN103386635 B CN 103386635B CN 201310301691 A CN201310301691 A CN 201310301691A CN 103386635 B CN103386635 B CN 103386635B
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
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- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of composite material blade of helicopter numerical control processing apparatus, adopt cantilevered assembling structure, comprising: for the numerical control processing apparatus of machining composite material blade and the clamping device for clamping composite material blade; Numerical control processing apparatus is positioned at that clamping device upper end is provided with can along the X-axis kinematic system of clamping device transverse shifting; The mobile platform of X-axis kinematic system is fixed with Y-axis nc sliding table, and Y-axis nc sliding table moves on table top and is fixed with Z axis nc sliding table, double unit head is fixed on Z axis nc sliding table and moves on table top, namely this structure realizes X, Y of double unit head and the coordinate system location movement of Z axis, and double unit head realize electro spindle longitudinal oscillation and laterally circumference rotate, ensure that machining tool can complete for the trimming of composite material blade, milling, boring three kinds of processing requests.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to numerical control processing apparatus, particularly a kind of composite material blade of helicopter numerical control processing apparatus.
Background technology
Blade is the critical component of helicopter, which determines the main performance of helicopter.Along with the raising gradually of helicopter usage performance requirement, the blade of the material such as conventional metals, timber cannot meet the high performance requirements of modern helicopters.The various features such as due to composite, there is high specific strength, specific stiffness, excellent fatigue behaviour and can design, its gradually the material such as substituted metal, timber become the inexorable trend of modern helicopters blade development.Composite material blade of helicopter technology starts to enter model application at 20 century 70s and tends to ripe gradually.The major advantage of composite material blade is that its fatigue life is long, and the characteristic of its integrated manufacturing system (IMS) significantly can promote the dynamic performance of blade, the comparatively ideal performance requirement meeting helicopter blade.
After prepared by composite material blade, for meeting its assembling and high performance requirements, needing the machining of blade being carried out to the necessity such as drilling, particularly the side of blade being cut and the processing of milling limit.For ensureing the serviceability of blade, usually adopt the profile with advance aerodynamic configuration, as the distribution of nonlinear geometry torsion angle, flat shape and blade tip profile etc., therefore its geometric shape is very complicated.Meanwhile, blade is flat-shaped with elongate, and its length reaches 4-7 rice, and therefore length direction rigidity is low, and in process, paddle members easily produces chatter or deformation, and cause crudy and precision to be difficult to ensure, the uniformity particularly criticizing yield and quality is difficult to control.
The serviceability of composite excellence facilitates the progress of helicopter blade performance, but the thermal conductivity factor of composite is low, anisotropy, interlaminar strength are low etc., and feature becomes typical difficult-to-machine material.To the hydraulic performance decline of material be caused after composite matrix resin moisture absorption, and therefore not allow in process to use cutting fluid.Low thermal conductivity causes the heat in metal cutting produced in process easily to accumulate in material internal, causes material temperature higher, and cutter, frictional heat between chip and matrix are considered to cause cutting thermogenetic main cause.After material temperature is greater than the vitrification point of resin matrix, the mechanical property of material occurs sharply declining as elastic modelling quantity, rigidity etc., directly jeopardizes crudy and the serviceability of component.Can find out, reduce the accumulation of chip at cutting zone, improve the cooling effectiveness of cutting zone, and then effectively reduction processing temperature is that composite processing device needs one of difficult problem solved.Meanwhile, the chip of composite is Powdered and density is low, very easily disperses in atmosphere, to work the mischief to health, therefore needs in process effectively to collect chip.
For meeting assembling and the performance requirement of composite material blade, required machining mainly comprises trimming, milling limit, side and drilling.At present, for ensureing the crudy of blade, the machining of blade adopts manual work mode to process mostly, and not only efficiency is low, and crudy relies on the technical merit of workman to a great extent, and crudy uniformity is poor.The domestic numerical control processing apparatus still lacked for composite material blade.Because paddle size is large, rigidity is low, quality requirement is high, common process lathe is difficult to meet its process requirements or crudy is difficult to ensure, and heavy duty machine tools are with the increase of size, it manufactures and maintenance cost becomes geometry magnitude to increase, and uses enterprise to cause great economic pressures to lathe.The multiple machining feature requirement how simultaneously meeting composite material blade and the cost reducing large-scale plant are the required another one difficult problems solved of blade processing unit (plant).Composite material blade low damage highly-efficient processing equipment has become during helicopter manufactures to be badly in need of and bottleneck problem urgently to be resolved hurrily.
The development of the low damage highly-efficient processing equipment of composite material blade, for the lead time and batch production capacity power shortening helicopter provides reliable technical guarantee, the production meeting relevant enterprise is badly in need of, and has good economic and social benefit.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is the problem that composite material blade of helicopter crudy is difficult to ensure, working (machining) efficiency is low and processing cost is high.
For reaching above object, be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of composite material blade of helicopter numerical control processing apparatus, is characterized in that: comprise, for the numerical control processing apparatus of machining composite material blade and the mounting and clamping system for clamping composite material blade; This device for X-direction, is vertically Z-direction perpendicular to X-direction with composite material blade horizontal-extending direction, is laterally Y direction perpendicular to X-axis and Z-direction;
The clamping work of this structure is: mounting and clamping system and numerical control processing apparatus main body take left and right parallel arrangement, and the composite material blade with complex profile prolate structure is vertical installation clamping;
Numerical control processing apparatus is positioned at that clamping device upper end is provided with can along the X-axis kinematic system of clamping device transverse shifting; The mobile platform of X-axis kinematic system is fixed with Y-axis nc sliding table, namely Y-axis nc sliding table sliding table moving direction is Y direction, and Y-axis nc sliding table moves on table top and is fixed with Z axis nc sliding table, namely Z axis nc sliding table moves table top moving direction is Z-direction;
The mobile table top of Z axis nc sliding table is fixed with double unit head;
This structure realizes the motion of double unit head in X, Y and Z-direction, and due to X-direction be that the X-direction move distance of composite material blade profile bearing of trend and X-axis kinematic system is far away, and then X-axis kinematic system adopts by motor-driven gear, to be engaged with the tooth bar on bed piece by gear and realize X-direction and move, decelerator can be equipped with in this motion to increase motion torque between motor and gear; Y-axis nc sliding table and Z axis nc sliding table adopt the ball-screw of driven by servomotor slide unit inside to drive mobile moving playing surface.
Double unit head comprises: gantry pillars, rotating shaft upper bracket, rolling disc, electro spindle fixture and electro spindle;
Gantry pillars is fixed on Z axis nc sliding table and moves on table top; Rotation axis support is connected with gantry pillars by horizontal rotating shaft, and above-mentioned horizontal rotating shaft is for being laterally assemblied on gantry pillars, and namely rotation axis support can swing up and down relative to gantry pillars around horizontal rotating shaft; Rolling disc is connected with rotating shaft upper bracket by longitudinal rotating shaft, and longitudinal shaft axis is perpendicular to the assembling of rotation axis support lower surface, and namely rolling disc is positioned at below rotation axis support lower surface, and rolling disc can rotate in a circumferential direction around longitudinal rotating shaft 360 °; Electro spindle fixture is fixed in rolling disc card; Electro spindle fixture is fixed with electro spindle; Gantry pillars and rotation axis support are provided with locating piece;
This structure can realize electro spindle longitudinal oscillation and laterally circumference rotate, ensure that double unit head can complete for the trimming of composite material blade, milling, boring three kinds of processing requests.
Double unit head is provided with dust cover, and the dust cover other end is connected with dust catcher;
Dust cover comprises: quick change part, adaptor, wireway and connectivity kit; Connectivity kit is placed on electro spindle; Adaptor is fixed on connectivity kit lower end, and adaptor is lower ending opening external member; Quick change part is fixed on adaptor lower ending opening place, and quick change part is processed with the through hole that machining tool on electro spindle stretches out; Wireway one end is communicated with dust catcher, and the other end and quick change part adaptor and connectivity kit surround chamber; Quick change part lower surface is provided with banister brush;
Because polymer matrix composites have hygroscopic swelling behavior, add and do not allow man-hour to adopt cutting fluid, and dust pollution is comparatively serious under dry-type processing, for improving chip removal and cooling effectiveness, reduction cutting temperature and reducing dust pollution, and then said structure is adopted to carry out dust suction process.
The present invention of technique scheme is adopted to adopt servo-actuated dust collection method to achieve effective chip removal and reduce the temperature of cutting zone; Adopt mounting and clamping system, achieve the high reliability clamping of plurality of specifications blade in NC Machining Process; For the trimming of composite material blade, milling, boring three kinds of processing requests, adopt the adjustable unit head of multistation, achieving the HECNCM of blade, and then ensure that batch product crudy, reducing the production and processing because adopting large-size numerical control machine to bring and maintenance cost simultaneously.
Above-mentioned explanation is only the general introduction of technical solution of the present invention, in order to technological means of the present invention can be better understood, and can be implemented according to the content of description, and can become apparent to allow above and other object of the present invention, feature and advantage, below especially exemplified by preferred embodiment, and coordinate accompanying drawing, be described in detail as follows.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The present invention is totally 5 width accompanying drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 is side-looking structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the main TV structure schematic diagram of numerical control processing apparatus of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is dust cover cross-sectional view of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is double unit head first machining state perspective view of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is double unit head second machining state perspective view of the present invention.
In figure: 1, numerical control processing apparatus, 2, mounting and clamping system, 3, X-axis kinematic system, 4, Y-axis nc sliding table, 5, Z axis nc sliding table, 6, double unit head, 6.1, gantry pillars, 6.2, rotating shaft upper bracket, 6.3, rolling disc, 6.4, electro spindle fixture, 6.5, electro spindle, 6.6, horizontal rotating shaft, 6.7, longitudinal rotating shaft, 6.8, locating piece, 7, dust cover, 7.1, quick change part, 7.2, adaptor, 7.3, wireway, 7.4, connectivity kit.
Detailed description of the invention
A kind of composite material blade of helicopter numerical control processing apparatus as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, comprising: the numerical control processing apparatus 1 for machining composite material blade and the mounting and clamping system 2 for clamping composite material blade; This device for X-direction, is vertically Z-direction perpendicular to X-direction with composite material blade horizontal-extending direction, is laterally Y direction perpendicular to X-axis and Z-direction;
The clamping work of this structure is: mounting and clamping system 2 and numerical control processing apparatus 1 main body take left and right parallel arrangement, and the composite material blade with complex profile prolate structure is vertical installation clamping;
Numerical control processing apparatus 1 is positioned at that clamping device 2 upper end is provided with can along the X-axis kinematic system 3 of clamping device 2 transverse shifting; The mobile platform of X-axis kinematic system 3 is fixed with Y-axis nc sliding table 4, namely Y-axis nc sliding table 4 sliding table moving direction is Y direction, and Y-axis nc sliding table 4 moves on table top and is fixed with Z axis nc sliding table 5, namely Z axis nc sliding table 5 moves table top moving direction is Z-direction;
The mobile table top of Z axis nc sliding table 5 is fixed with double unit head 6;
This structure realizes the motion of double unit head 6 in X, Y and Z-direction, and due to X-direction be that the X-direction move distance of composite material blade profile bearing of trend and X-axis kinematic system 3 is far away, and then X-axis kinematic system 3 adopts by motor-driven gear, to be engaged with the tooth bar on bed piece by gear and realize X-direction and move, decelerator can be equipped with in this motion to increase motion torque between motor and gear; Y-axis nc sliding table 4 and Z axis nc sliding table 5 adopt the ball-screw of driven by servomotor slide unit inside to drive mobile moving playing surface;
In order to the precision of assurance device, X-axis, Y-axis and Z axis three direction kinematic driving unit all adopt servounit system;
The motion scheme of Y-axis and Z axis adopts servomotor to drive ball-screw to rotate by shaft coupling, and realizes the conversion of rotary motion to rectilinear motion by ball-screw, and drives travelling carriage to move;
The stroke of X-direction has exceeded 5 meters, and according to ball-screw-transmission, the oversize easy generation of leading screw is collapsed waist phenomenon, therefore adopts rack pinion to replace ball-screw-transmission.
Double unit head 6 as shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5 comprises: gantry pillars 6.1, rotating shaft upper bracket 6.2, rolling disc 6.3, electro spindle fixture 6.4 and electro spindle 6.5;
Gantry pillars 6.1 is fixed on Z axis nc sliding table 5 and moves on table top; Rotation axis support 6.2 is connected with gantry pillars 6.1 by horizontal rotating shaft 6.6, and above-mentioned horizontal rotating shaft 6.6 is for being laterally assemblied on gantry pillars 6.1, and namely rotation axis support 6.2 can swing up and down relative to gantry pillars 6.1 around horizontal rotating shaft 6.6; Rolling disc 6.3 is connected with rotating shaft upper bracket 6.2 by longitudinal rotating shaft 6.7, and longitudinal rotating shaft 6.7 axes normal assembles in rotation axis support 6.2 lower surface, namely rolling disc 6.3 is positioned at below rotation axis support 6.2 lower surface, and rolling disc 6.3 can rotate in a circumferential direction around longitudinal rotating shaft 6.7360 °; Electro spindle fixture 6.4 is fixed in rolling disc 6.3 card; Electro spindle fixture 6.4 is fixed with electro spindle 6.5; Gantry pillars 6.1 and rotation axis support 6.2 are provided with for limiting the locating piece 6.8 of rotation axis support 6.2 around horizontal rotating shaft 6.6 axial-rotation angle;
This structure can realize electro spindle 6.5 longitudinal oscillation and laterally circumference rotate, ensure that double unit head 6 can complete for the trimming of composite material blade, milling, boring three kinds of processing requests; Adopt said structure double unit head 6, above-mentioned three kinds of process requirements can be met after clamped one time.
For the difficult problem very easily producing manufacturing deficiency in composite processing process, adopt during cutting and there is the ultra-thin cutting tool cutting function;
Because the difference of fiber and matrix thermal coefficient of expansion in composite material solidification process causes paddle members inside to there is larger residual stress, knock as produced because of misoperation in composite material blade clamping process, during the low velocity impacts such as collision, composite is very easily caused to cause the generation of the recessive defects such as layering because of internal stress release, therefore, the probability that the multiple clamping of composite material blade must cause defect to produce increases greatly, can adopt and a kind ofly clamp adjustable mounting and clamping system 2, the object that clamped one time meets three kinds of processing requests is achieved in conjunction with apparatus of the present invention, thus ensure that the crudy that blade is final and serviceability.
As shown in Figure 3, double unit head 6 is provided with dust cover 7, and dust cover 7 other end is connected with dust catcher;
Dust cover 7 comprises: quick change part 7.1, adaptor 7.2, wireway 7.3 and connectivity kit 7.4; Connectivity kit 7.4 is placed on electro spindle 6.5; Adaptor 7.2 is fixed on connectivity kit 7.4 lower end, and adaptor 7.2 is lower ending opening external member; Quick change part 7.1 is fixed on adaptor 7.2 lower ending opening place, and quick change part 7.1 is processed with the through hole stretched out for machining tool on electro spindle 6.5; Wireway 7.3 one end is communicated with dust catcher, and the other end and quick change part 7.1, adaptor 7.2 and connectivity kit 7.4 surround chamber; Quick change part 7.1 lower surface is provided with banister brush;
Because polymer matrix composites have hygroscopic swelling behavior, add and do not allow man-hour to adopt cutting fluid, and dust pollution is comparatively serious under dry-type processing, for improving chip removal and cooling effectiveness, reduction cutting temperature and reducing dust pollution, and then above-mentioned dust cover 7 structure is adopted to carry out dust suction process;
Hairbrush on quick change part 7.1, hairbrush is softer, damage can not be caused to workpiece with during absorption surface, and dust can be carried out blocking and isolating, before processing, dust cover 7 quick change part 7.1 is taken off the installation and tool setting that facilitate cutter, quick change part 7.1 is installed on dust cover 7 adaptor 7.2 after tool setting completes, hairbrush around quick change part 7.1 is for blocking the dust produced in processing, prevent filling the air of dust, utilize dust catcher to suck in dust catcher inner chamber by the dust suction interface on adaptor 7.2 by dust simultaneously, realize the collection of chip, because heat in metal cutting during composite processing is mainly by chip, fricative between cutter and matrix, adopt dust collecting system effectively chip can be taken away cutting zone, reduce the generation of heat in metal cutting,
Meanwhile, dust collecting system drives the flowing of cutting zone air, can improve the heat exchanger effectiveness of heat in metal cutting and external environment, reduces the temperature of cutting zone, and the reduction of cutting temperature is conducive to the crudy ensureing composite, and decreases the environmental pollution of chip.
Because polymer matrix composites have hygroscopic swelling behavior, add and do not allow man-hour to adopt cutting fluid, and dust pollution is comparatively serious under dry-type processing, for improving chip removal and cooling effectiveness, reduction cutting temperature and reducing dust pollution, and then said structure is adopted to carry out dust suction process.
Along with the increase of heavy duty machine tools size, its manufacturing cost is that the geometry order of magnitude increases.The process requirements of about 6 meters is reached for composite material blade, as adopted traditional cast iron lathe bed, the high and lathe bed difficult quality guarantee of its lathe bed die cost.By the analysis to composite material blade process requirements, in conjunction with cutting force measurement during multiple process requirements and analysis, propose to adopt steel frame construction lathe bed.
The above, it is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not any pro forma restriction is done to the present invention, although the present invention discloses as above with preferred embodiment, but and be not used to limit the present invention, any those skilled in the art are not departing within the scope of technical solution of the present invention, when the technology contents that appeal can be utilized to disclose is made a little change or is modified to the Equivalent embodiments of equivalent variations, in every case be the content not departing from technical solution of the present invention, according to technical spirit of the present invention to any simple modification made for any of the above embodiments, equivalent variations and modification, all still belong in the scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a composite material blade of helicopter numerical control processing apparatus, is characterized in that: comprise, the numerical control processing apparatus (1) for machining composite material blade and the clamping device (2) for clamping composite material blade; This device for X-direction, is vertically Z-direction perpendicular to X-direction with composite material blade horizontal-extending direction, is laterally Y direction perpendicular to X-axis and Z-direction;
Described numerical control processing apparatus (1) is positioned at that clamping device (2) upper end is provided with can along the X-axis kinematic system (3) of clamping device (2) transverse shifting; The mobile platform of described X-axis kinematic system (3) is fixed with Y-axis nc sliding table (4), namely Y-axis nc sliding table (4) sliding table moving direction is Y direction, and the mobile table top of described Y-axis nc sliding table (4) is fixed with Z axis nc sliding table (5), namely the mobile table top moving direction of described Z axis nc sliding table (5) is Z-direction;
The mobile table top of described Z axis nc sliding table (5) is fixed with double unit head (6);
Described double unit head (6) comprising: gantry pillars (6.1), rotating shaft upper bracket (6.2), rolling disc (6.3), electro spindle fixture (6.4) and electro spindle (6.5);
Described gantry pillars (6.1) is fixed on Z axis nc sliding table (5) mobile table top; Described rotation axis support (6.2) is connected with gantry pillars (6.1) by horizontal rotating shaft (6.6), and above-mentioned horizontal rotating shaft (6.6) is for being laterally assemblied on gantry pillars (6.1), namely described rotation axis support (6.2) can swing up and down relative to gantry pillars (6.1) around horizontal rotating shaft (6.6); Described rolling disc (6.3) is connected with rotating shaft upper bracket (6.2) by longitudinal rotating shaft (6.7), and described longitudinal rotating shaft (6.7) axes normal assembles in rotation axis support (6.2) lower surface, namely rolling disc (6.3) is positioned at below rotation axis support (6.2) lower surface, and rolling disc (6.3) can rotate in a circumferential direction around longitudinal rotating shaft (6.7) 360 °; Described electro spindle fixture (6.4) is fixed in rolling disc (6.3) card; Described electro spindle fixture (6.4) is fixed with electro spindle (6.5); Described gantry pillars (6.1) and rotation axis support (6.2) are provided with for limiting the locating piece (6.8) of rotation axis support (6.2) around horizontal rotating shaft (6.6) axial-rotation angle;
Described double unit head (6) is provided with dust cover (7), and described dust cover (7) other end is connected with dust catcher;
Described dust cover (7) comprising: quick change part (7.1), adaptor (7.2), wireway (7.3) and connectivity kit (7.4); Described connectivity kit (7.4) is placed on electro spindle (6.5); Described adaptor (7.2) is fixed on connectivity kit (7.4) lower end, and adaptor (7.2) is lower ending opening external member; Described quick change part (7.1) is fixed on adaptor (7.2) lower ending opening place, and quick change part (7.1) is processed with the through hole stretched out for the upper machining tool of electro spindle (6.5); Described wireway (7.3) one end is communicated with dust catcher, the chamber that the other end and quick change part (7.1), adaptor (7.2) and connectivity kit (7.4) surround; Described quick change part (7.1) lower surface is provided with banister brush.
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| CN106078312A (en) * | 2016-08-02 | 2016-11-09 | 桐庐天元机电有限公司 | A kind of base of Full automatic oscillating-arm formula cutting machine |
| CN106736856A (en) * | 2017-01-12 | 2017-05-31 | 江苏欧圣木业有限公司 | For the intelligent plate shearing machine on production enhancement floor |
| CN110102540A (en) * | 2019-04-19 | 2019-08-09 | 长江大学 | A kind of numerical control environmental protection glue-removing equipment |
| CN110850811B (en) * | 2019-11-14 | 2022-11-18 | 昌河飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Method for self-adaptive trimming of rear edge of composite material blade and reference patch block |
| CN114700775A (en) * | 2022-04-07 | 2022-07-05 | 合肥联合飞机科技有限公司 | Finish machining fixing tool for metal bushing of helicopter blade root and turning-free machining method |
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| GB989795A (en) * | 1962-08-03 | 1965-04-22 | Sundstrand Int Corp Sa | Machine tool |
| US6427098B1 (en) * | 1999-03-22 | 2002-07-30 | Unova Ip Corp | Method for controlling pivoting machine member |
| CN100544870C (en) * | 2007-04-25 | 2009-09-30 | 杨林 | Numerical control machine for processing huge conical gear with curved teeth |
| CN101342618A (en) * | 2008-08-19 | 2009-01-14 | 天津市精诚机床制造有限公司 | Five-shaft three-linkage numerical control helical bevel gear lapping machine |
| DE102009018433A1 (en) * | 2009-04-22 | 2010-10-28 | Manfred Wanzke | Deburring machine comprises a machine basic rack on which a workpiece reception, a feeding drive and a deburring tool are arranged, where the workpiece and the deburring tool are movable against each other in a degree of freedom |
| CN102009371A (en) * | 2010-09-29 | 2011-04-13 | 中捷机床有限公司 | Additional device with A and B-axis oscillating structure and manufacturing method thereof |
| JP5819124B2 (en) * | 2011-07-14 | 2015-11-18 | 有限会社ジェー・ケー・エム | Processing apparatus and processing method |
| CN103192296B (en) * | 2013-04-11 | 2015-02-11 | 东莞华中科技大学制造工程研究院 | Small five-axis linkage machine tool |
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