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CN102792541B - 用于车辆的车载电网 - Google Patents

用于车辆的车载电网 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102792541B
CN102792541B CN201180013770.4A CN201180013770A CN102792541B CN 102792541 B CN102792541 B CN 102792541B CN 201180013770 A CN201180013770 A CN 201180013770A CN 102792541 B CN102792541 B CN 102792541B
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power system
onboard power
esys1
voltage
accumulator units
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CN102792541A (zh
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D.赖肖
T.施特克迈尔
T.加利
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Vitesco Technologies GmbH
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Continental Automotive GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/0862Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines characterised by the electrical power supply means, e.g. battery
    • F02N11/0866Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines characterised by the electrical power supply means, e.g. battery comprising several power sources, e.g. battery and capacitor or two batteries
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/14Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
    • H02J7/1423Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle with multiple batteries
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60RVEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/03Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N11/087Details of the switching means in starting circuits, e.g. relays or electronic switches
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N11/00Starting of engines by means of electric motors
    • F02N11/08Circuits or control means specially adapted for starting of engines
    • F02N2011/0881Components of the circuit not provided for by previous groups
    • F02N2011/0885Capacitors, e.g. for additional power supply
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02NSTARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02N2200/00Parameters used for control of starting apparatus
    • F02N2200/06Parameters used for control of starting apparatus said parameters being related to the power supply or driving circuits for the starter
    • F02N2200/063Battery voltage
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/46The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for ICE-powered road vehicles

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

在用于机动车辆的车载电网中包括:具有第一电压水平(VSYS1)的第一储能器单元(Esys1),具有第二电压水平(VSYS2)的第二储能器单元(Esys2);控制单元(CU),其在两个方向上控制在第一储能器单元(Esys1)和第二储能器单元(Esys2)之间的电流;极性变换保护二极管(DRPP),其将用于工作电压供应的第一储能器单元(Esys1)与控制单元(CU)相连接;和开关元件(Switch),用于在第一储能器单元(Esys1)的极性正确时跨接极性变换保护二极管(DRPP);借助比较器(K)将第一电压水平(VSYS1)与第二电压水平(VSYS2)进行比较,并且在第一电压水平(VSYS1)下降到位于第二电压水平(VSYS2)之下的电压阈值(Vsch)时将可控开关(Switch)控制到其断开状态下。

Description

用于车辆的车载电网
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1的前序部分的用于车辆、尤其是机动车辆的车载电网。
背景技术
现今的机动车辆的车载电网包括构成为具有后接的整流器电路的三相交流电机的发电机作为能量转换器、一个或多个例如蓄电池组的储能器单元、以及要经过车载电网供应的电负载。在这种车载电网中,通过后接的整流器电路的整流二极管来实现极性变换保护。
除此之外,还已知具有两个储能器系统的车载电网,这些储能器系统具有不同的标称电压作为没有电势隔离的系统电压,因此例如一个储能器系统是例如用于机动车辆的正常负载的12V蓄电池组,并且另一储能器系统例如由用于高电流负载的双层电容器(超级电容器)组成。
用于在这两个储能器系统之间的能量流和静止电流管理的蓄电池组管理由控制单元或控制设备实现,其中控制单元由12V蓄电池组以工作电压来供应。作为极性变换保护使用将12V蓄电池组与控制单元相连接的阀,例如极性变换保护二极管。
在具有两个储能器系统的这种车载电网上,不利的是以下的状态:在该状态下,12V蓄电池组的系统电压下降至另一储能器单元的电压之下,并且因此由于控制单元的半导体元件中的寄生效应而存在着在12V蓄电池组方向上的电荷流失的危险。
发明内容
本发明的任务因此是提出一种用于车辆的车载电网,在该车载电网中防止这种电荷流失。
通过具有权利要求1的特征的车载电网来解决该任务。
据此,在用于车辆、尤其是机动车辆的车载电网中,该车载电网包括:
- 具有第一电压水平的第一储能器单元,
- 具有第二电压水平的第二储能器单元,
- 控制单元,如果第二电压水平位于第一电压水平之下,则该控制单元在两个方向上控制在第一储能器单元和第二储能器单元之间的电流,
- 极性变换保护二极管,该极性变换保护二极管将用于工作电压供应的第一储能器单元与控制单元相连接,和
- 开关元件,用于在第一储能器单元的极性正确时跨接极性变换保护二极管,
根据本发明规定,
- 借助比较电路、尤其是比较器将第一电压水平与第二电压水平进行比较,和
- 借助控制装置、优选比较器在第一电压水平下降到位于第二电压水平之下的电压阈值时将可控开关控制到其断开状态下。
因此以简单和令人惊讶的方式实现了控制单元的极性变换保护,该极性变换保护也用于防止在两个储能器单元之间的不期望的电荷交换。尤其是不需要附加的功率元件。还根据本发明的一种改进方案,借助所建议的比较器,电压阈值的容易的调整可能性是可能的。
用从属权利要求的特征给出本发明的其它有利的扩展方案。
附图说明
以下参照附图详细阐述本发明。
图1示出用于机动车辆的本发明车载电网的实施例的示意性线路框图,和
图2示出根据图1的车载电网的详细线路框图。
具体实施方式
图1示出一种车载电网,该车载电网由具有标称电压VSYS1的第一储能器单元Esys1(这里为12V蓄电池组)和具有标称电压VSYS2的第二储能器单元Esys2组成,该第二储能器单元Esys2同样可以是蓄电池组、双层电容器或另一存储介质。
第一储能器单元Esys1的标称电压VSYS1,也就是该第一储能器单元Esys1的系统电压,大于第二储能器单元Esys2的标称电压VSYS2或系统电压: VSYS1>VSYS2
控制单元CU连接两个没有电势隔离的储能器单元Esys1和Esys2,并且在这两个储能器单元Esys1和Esys2之间的能量管理的意义上控制能量交换,即在两个系统电压的标称状态下,可以既从第一储能器单元Esys1朝向第二储能器单元Esys2的方向进行能量交换也可以相反地从第二储能器单元Esys2朝向第一储能器单元Esys1的方向进行能量交换。
根据按照图2的详细示图,机动车辆的电负载连接到第一储能器单元Esys1上,所述电负载示出为由负载电流ILD供应的系统负载Load。借助系统电流ISYS1和ISYS2进行在两个储能器单元Esys1和Esys2之间的、由控制单元CU管理的能量交换。在该实施例中,两个储能器系统Esys1和Esys2不是电势隔离的。
第一储能器单元Esys1也提供用于控制单元CU的工作电压供应,用ICU表示所属的负载电流,其中在第一储能器单元Esys1和控制单元CU之间连接有极性变换保护电路RPP(相反的极性保护),该极性变换保护电路RPP例如由极性变换保护二极管DRPP组成并且可以由可控开关Switch例如晶体管或由机械开关例如继电器来短接。
由比较电路、这里是比较器K来操控该开关Switch。为此,将第一储能器单元Esys1的电压VSYS1输送给比较器K的正向输入端并将第二储能器单元Esys2的电压Esys2输送给比较器K的反向输入端。
如果两个系统电压VSYS1和VSYS2位于它们的标称值上,即适用VSYS1>VSYS2,则通过比较器K的相应的控制来闭合开关Switch,即将晶体管控制到其导通状态下。从而跨接了极性变换保护二极管DRPP
如果第一储能器单元Esys1的电压VSYS1、也就是例如12V蓄电池组由于强烈的放电而下降到电压阈值Vsch上,该电压阈值Vsch位于第二储能器单元Esys2的电压VSYS2的电压值之下,也就是如果适用VSYS1≤Vsch<VSYS2,则由比较器K将开关Switch控制到其断开状态下,使得由于极性变换保护二极管DRPP而防止了从第二储能器单元Esys2朝向第一储能器单元Esys1的方向的电荷流失。
这种电荷流失可能由于控制单元CU中的寄生半导体元件而形成,所述寄生半导体元件在图2中代表性地由二极管DMD1来示出。这种寄生半导体元件例如也可以在由控制单元CU所操控的DC/DC变换器MD1中形成,例如作为高边晶体管(High-Side-Transistor)的体二极管。
可经过控制单元CU来调整电压阈值Vsch
如果将具有错误极性的第一储能器单元Esys1连接到控制单元CU,则对于储能器单元Esys1的电压VSYS1得出:VSYS1<0。在该状态下,比较器K也会断开开关Switch,即将晶体管控制到其阻断状态下,使得极性变换保护二极管DRPP变得有效。
可以用延时的响应来构成比较器K,其方式是例如将该比较器与时间元件相连接。因此由比较器K延时地进行开关Switch的闭合以及开关Switch的断开。
上述实施例示出在两个储能器系统Esys1和Esys2之间的没有电势隔离的本发明车载电网。本发明自然不局限于此,而且同样可采用于电势隔离的系统。

Claims (12)

1.用于车辆的车载电网包括:
- 具有第一电压水平(VSYS1)的第一储能器单元(Esys1),
- 具有第二电压水平(VSYS2)的第二储能器单元(Esys2),
- 控制单元(CU),如果第二电压水平(VSYS2)位于第一电压水平(VSYS1)之下,则该控制单元(CU)在两个方向上控制在第一储能器单元(Esys1)和第二储能器单元(Esys2)之间的电流,
- 极性变换保护二极管(DRPP),该极性变换保护二极管(DRPP)将用于工作电压供应的第一储能器单元(Esys1)与控制单元(CU)相连接,和
- 可控开关(Switch),用于在第一储能器单元(Esys1)的极性正确的情况下跨接极性变换保护二极管(DRPP),
其特征在于,
- 借助比较电路(K)将第一电压水平(VSYS1)与第二电压水平(VSYS2)进行比较,和
- 借助比较电路(K)在第一电压水平(VSYS1)下降到位于第二电压水平(VSYS2)之下的电压阈值(Vsch)时将可控开关(Switch)控制到其断开状态中。
2. 按照权利要求1的车载电网,
其特征在于,
所述车辆是机动车辆,并且所述比较电路是比较器。
3.按照权利要求1或2的车载电网,
其特征在于,
所述电压阈值(Vsch)是能调整的。
4.按照权利要求1或2的车载电网,
其特征在于,
所述比较电路(K)具有延时的响应特性。
5.按照权利要求1或2的车载电网,
其特征在于,
可控开关(Switch)实施为半导体开关或实施为机电开关。
6. 按照权利要求5的车载电网,
其特征在于,
所述半导体开关是晶体管。
7.按照权利要求1或2的车载电网,
其特征在于,
车载电网被实施为在第一和第二储能器单元(Esys1,Esys2)方面没有电势隔离。
8.按照权利要求1或2的车载电网,
其特征在于,
车载电网被实施为在第一和第二储能器单元(Esys1,Esys2)方面具有电势隔离。
9.按照权利要求1或2的车载电网,
其特征在于,
第一储能器单元(Esys1)用作为用于具有电负载(Load)的负载电路的工作电压源。
10.按照权利要求1或2的车载电网,
其特征在于,
第一或第二电压水平(VSYS1,VSYS2)分别是第一或第二储能器单元(Esys1,Esys2)的标称电压。
11.按照权利要求1或2的车载电网,
其特征在于,
控制单元(CU)包括至少一个具有导通特性的电气和/或电子元件。
12.按照权利要求1或2的车载电网,
其特征在于,
所述控制单元(CU)执行蓄电池组管理。
CN201180013770.4A 2010-03-13 2011-03-10 用于车辆的车载电网 Active CN102792541B (zh)

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US9243601B2 (en) 2016-01-26
US20130162029A1 (en) 2013-06-27
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JP2013522105A (ja) 2013-06-13
DE102010011276A1 (de) 2011-09-15

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