Technical field: the invention belongs to feed additive field, particularly contain high-effective microorganism feedstuff additive product and the production method and the application of multiple active bacteria formulation.
Background technology: at present China's milk cow amount of livestock on hand is about more than 1,000 ten thousand, more than 900 ten thousand tons of milk yields, the milk cattle cultivating industry develop the development that also promotes and promoted China's feed and additive industry rapidly; But China's milk cow forage still rests in the simple mixing of three aniseed (being corn, wheat bran, grouts), causes single, the amino acid mismatch of protein feeds in the prescription, and the output of milk compares with American-European countries with quality that all there is a big difference.The research and development high-efficiency biological active fodder additives; For improving the level that China milk cow produces; Improve the quality of milk, reduce the incidence of disease of milk cow gastrointestinal disease and mammitis, reduce the bad smell of fecaluria and the eliminating amount of fecaluria nitrogen; Reduce environmental pollution and have important application value with the effective utilization that fully improves feed resource (promptly improve the utilization rate of cheap roughage, improve the utilization rate of nutriment in the feed etc.).Active bacteria formulation popular on the order field all is single bacterium mostly, and is mainly used in the monogastric animal feed, promotes experiment because the product of ruminant (like milk cow) has only the single culture preparation of the U.S. and the 2-3 family of France to propagate and do to culture in China at present.Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus plantarum all are the probios that can be applied to feed additive industry, and various enzyme preparations that the probio metabolism produces and useful metabolism composition thereof are promoting digestion, stablize the gut flora environment, having effect preferably aspect the raising efficiency of feed utilization; Aspergillus awamori can metabolism produce the plurality of enzymes preparation that comprises dextranase, and its culture can effectively improve the effect of digesting and assimilating of feed as feed addictive.Development has scientific matching, and outstanding effect contain the strong composite feed additive of multiple beneficial microorganism and enzyme activity for promoting aquaculture, particularly milk cattle cultivating already has very important significance.
Summary of the invention:
The technical problem that the present invention solves provides a kind of high-efficiency biological active fodder additives products, and another technical problem that the present invention solves provides high-efficiency biological active fodder additives products production method and application thereof.
Additive for microbe feedstuff consists of:
Aspergillus niger spore concentration 1.0~9.0 * 10
8Individual/gram, Trichoderma viride spore concentration 1.0~9.0 * 10
8Individual/gram, bacillus subtilis is 1.0~9.0 * 10
8Individual/gram, saccharomyces cerevisiae 1.0~8.5 * 10
8Individual/gram, Lactobacillus rhamnosus 1.3~8.5 * 10
8Individual/gram.
The concrete production method step of product of the present invention is following:
1. the cultivation of microbial bacterial agent preparation: training and drying obtain aspergillus niger spore, Trichoderma viride spore, bacillus subtilis, saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus rhamnosus respectively.
(1) aspergillus niger spore preparation: slant pore suspension liquid is inoculated on 10 ° of Brix brewer's wort solid mediums, cultivates 2 days half to covering with spore for 30 ℃, and the low temperature fluidized bed drying is pulverized dry thing.
(2) Trichoderma viride spore preparation: slant pore suspension liquid is inoculated on 10 ° of Brix brewer's wort solid mediums, cultivates 2 days half to covering with spore for 30 ℃, and the low temperature fluidized bed drying is pulverized dry thing.
(3) preparation of bacillus subtilis: after the inclined-plane bacterial strain is activated, insert liquid seed culture medium, be seeded in the fermentation tank after cultivating 24h at 37 ℃, the shaking table of 180rpm, at 37 ℃, ventilating ratio 1: 1 (v/v), 400rpm cultivates 2 days to the logarithm later stage.After the fermentation ends, add the filter aid precipitated calcium carbonate, through plate-frame filtering, fluidized bed drying.
(4) preparation of saccharomyces cerevisiae: slant strains inserts triangular flask, be cultured to logarithmic phase after switching go in the fermentation tank, the control temperature is 28 ℃, ventilating ratio is 1: 1.5 (v/v), cultivates about 20 hours to logarithmic phase.After the fermentation ends, add the filter aid precipitated calcium carbonate, through plate-frame filtering, fluidized bed drying.
(5) preparation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus: slant strains inserts triangular flask, be cultured to logarithmic phase after switching go in the fermentation tank, the control temperature is 45 ℃, ventilating ratio is 1: 0.1 (v/v), cultivates about 18 hours to logarithmic phase.Fermentation finishes and separates the acquisition wet thallus through plate-frame filtering, adds the protective agent that consists of 10% defatted milk, 5% trehalose, 5% glycerine, obtains microbial inoculum through freeze drying, and moisture is lower than 10%.
2, microbial inoculum is composite: above-mentioned various bacterium are proportionally carried out composite, the microbial inoculum compound proportion is following: aspergillus niger spore 15-25 part, Trichoderma viride spore 10-25 part, bacillus subtilis 10-25 part, saccharomyces cerevisiae 15-25 part and Lactobacillus rhamnosus 25-40 part.
The bacterial classification that the present invention adopts is following:
Aspergillus niger (Aspergillus niger) CGMC No.3.5269, Trichoderma viride (Trichoderma viride) CGMCC No.3.2942, bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) CGMCC No.1.210, saccharomyces cerevisiae (Saccharomyces cervisiac) CGMCC No.4429, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (Lactobacillus rhamnosus) CGMCC No.4430.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) CGMCC No.4429 bacterial classification is preservation bacterial classification in the application of a strain osmophilic yeast bacterium with name of patent application, number of patent application 201110105966, and open day is 2011.09.14.
Lactobacillus rhamnosus (Lactobacillus rhamnosus) CGMCC No.4430 bacterial strain characteristics are following: examine under a microscope, this bacterial strain is shaft-like, and width is less than 1 μ m, and 2 to 3 bacillus are easy to be linked to be and link together; On solid medium, this bacterium bacterium colony is a milky, and smooth surface is moistening, thickness, and the edge is more neat.Compare with original bacterium, this mutagenic strain is significantly less than starting strain on form.Starting strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus CGMCCNo.1.2134 purchases in Chinese microorganism strain preservation reason committee common micro-organisms center.Lactobacillus rhamnosus of the present invention adopts following flow process to carry out seed selection: a bottle multiple sieve → mitotic stability experiment → 5L fermentation tank test is screened → shaken to the original bacterial classification that sets out → test tube activation → high temperature acclimation → dithyl sulfate (DES) mutagenesis → high sugared plate screening → nitrosoguanidine (NTG) mutagenesis screening → high temperature bacterium.Purpose bacterial strain CGMCC No.4430 is done the experiment of 5L lactic fermentation jar, and the result shows: compare with starting strain, CGMCC No.4430 glucose tolerance concentration can reach 270g/L, compares with original bacterium and has improved 95%; After the fermentation ends, lactic acid content is 60g/L, compares with original bacterium and has improved 158%.
Lactobacillus rhamnosus (Lactobacillus rhamnosus) CGMCC No.4430 depositary institution is a Chinese common micro-organisms culture presevation administrative center.Address: No. 3, Yard 1, BeiChen xi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing City, Institute of Microorganism, Academia Sinica, postcode 100101.
Aspergillus niger spore, Trichoderma viride spore adopt blood cell plate counting method among the present invention, and other bacterial classification adopts microorganism plate count method to detect viable count.
What microbial inoculum was composite among the present invention than the ratio of greater inequality example is: aspergillus niger spore 15-20 part, Trichoderma viride spore 10-20 part, bacillus subtilis 10-20 part, saccharomyces cerevisiae 15-20 part and Lactobacillus rhamnosus 25-35 part.
The invention product adopts the microbial inoculum compound proportion technology of scientific research effectively to guarantee the reasonable composition and the ratio of various microbial bacterial agents in the product, makes that the enzyme of microorganisms can effectively promote digesting and assimilating of feed in milk cow is fed in the product; Compounded technology makes product significantly improve at the digestibility of milk cow forage, and the yield ratio comparison of unit consumption feed significantly improves according to having had, and output of milk cow and quality are improved and ensure.
The invention performance of products is stable, safe in utilization, does not all have incompatibility with other feed addictive.Product of the present invention is stable and controllable for quality, non-environmental-pollution, and appearance can be put forward immunity can improve culture benefit.Product meets the requirement of green feed additive fully.The order that is significantly improved weightening finish and feed conversion rate effect.
Lactobacillus rhamnosus and saccharomyces cerevisiae have booster action to the digestion of animal gastrointestinal tract in the product of the present invention; Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the growth and breeding of rumen microorganism provides useful ammonia at acid, B family vitamin and other trace element, increases the synthetic quantity of rumen microorganism egg matter in cud.Lactobacillus rhamnosus discharges at the small intestine of milk cow; Can consume the oxygen in the animal intestinal; Pathogenic bacteria such as aerobic bacteria (mainly being Escherichia coli, salmonella etc.) harmful in the enteron aisle are suppressed, can also suppress the synthetic of ammonia and amine, beneficial enhance immunity power; Reach and improve milk cow intestines and stomach microbial ecological balance, help purpose healthy and the raising production performance; Cellulase, dextranase, lignin decomposition enzyme and the amylase of the effective dose that bacillus subtilis contains in enzyme that the enteron aisle metabolism produces and aspergillus niger, Trichoderma Viride culture helps digesting and assimilating of fiber-like feed in the ruminant feed such as milk cow; Improve the microecological balance of intestine of ruminants, improve efficiency of feed utilization, improve milk production of cow; Improve the quality of milk; Improve the milk cow body immunity, reduce intestines problem, purify feeding environment.This feed addictive can be applicable to the milk cattle cultivating industry, can significantly improve milk crop and quality.
Product of the present invention can improve the milk cow body immunity, reduces the incidence of disease of recessive mastitis, intestines problem.At present; The recessive mastitis incidence of disease is than higher in China milk cows; In a single day milk cow suffers from mammitis just must the injection of antibiotics treatment, and the milk of having injected institute's output within the antibiotic milk cow 7 days all can not be sold (in the milk can residual antibiotic human body is had harm).Use product of the present invention can reduce the cow subclinical mastitis incidence of disease; Feeding experiment shows that product of the present invention reduces the mammitis incidence of disease 70% (comparing with control group); Obviously reduce the generation of mastitis for milk cows; Reduce the antibiotic output of using and containing antibiotic milk, improved culturist's benefit indirectly.
Product of the present invention is to improving the level that China milk cow produces, and the effective utilization aspects such as (promptly improve the utilization rate of cheap phase feed, improve the utilization rate of nutriment in the feed etc.) that fully improves feed resource all has very high value.
The present invention also is fit to feeding of other ruminants such as beef cattle, sheep.
The specific embodiment:
Following embodiment can make those skilled in the art more fully understand the present invention, but does not limit the present invention in any way.
Embodiment 1: high-efficiency activated feedstuff additive product
Product is formed as follows: aspergillus niger spore concentration 1.0~3.0 * 10
8Individual/gram, Trichoderma viride spore concentration 1.0~3.0 * 10
8Individual/gram, bacillus subtilis is 1.0~3.0 * 10
8Individual/gram, saccharomyces cerevisiae 1.0~3.5 * 10
8Individual/gram, Lactobacillus rhamnosus 1.3~4.5 * 10
8Individual/gram.
Microbial inoculum is composite: carry out composite according to following ratio above-mentioned various microbial inoculums:
15 parts of aspergillus nigers, green this 15 parts in mould spore, 15 parts of bacillus subtilises, 25 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiaes, 30 parts of Lactobacillus rhamnosus.
Embodiment 2: high-efficiency activated feedstuff additive product
Product is formed as follows: aspergillus niger spore concentration 5 * 10
8Individual/gram, Trichoderma viride spore concentration 5.0 * 10
8Individual/gram, bacillus subtilis is 5 * 10
8Individual/gram, saccharomyces cerevisiae 6 * 10
8Individual/gram, Lactobacillus rhamnosus 6 * 10
8Individual/gram.
Microbial inoculum is composite: carry out composite according to following ratio above-mentioned various microbial inoculums:
Aspergillus niger 20 valencys, 10 parts in Trichoderma viride spore, 20 parts of bacillus subtilises, 18 parts of saccharomyces cerevisiaes, 32 parts of Lactobacillus rhamnosus.
Embodiment 3: high-efficiency activated feedstuff additive product production method described in the example 1 and 2
Product processes mainly comprises the production and the complex process of microbial bacterial agent.
The production of microbial bacterial agent:
The preparation method of aspergillus niger and Trichoderma viride spore
1. inclined-plane cultural method
Slant medium 10mL adds test tube, and 121 ℃, after the 20min sterilization, pendulum inclined-plane, cooling, inoculation.Cultivate the black spore for 30 ℃ and be paved with the inclined-plane.
2.K formula blake bottle spore
Get 10 ° of Brix brewer's worts and add 2% agar, the 500mL K formula of packing into blake bottle, 121 ℃, after the 20min sterilization, the cooling of inclined-plane, shop.Insert spore suspension 1mL, guarantee that suspension is inoculated in whole media surface; Be sidelong into insulating box, cultivate the black spore for 30 ℃ and be paved with the inclined-plane.
3. solid-state amplification culture
K formula phialosporae is processed spore suspension, and spore concentration is greater than 1.0 * 10
8Individual/mL.Get 200kg solid medium (wheat bran 140kg, 10 ° of Brix brewer's wort 60L), fully put into tray behind the mixing, sterilized 1 hour down at 121 ℃.After waiting to cool, insert spore suspension, stir.Cultivation temperature is controlled at 30 ℃, humidity 80-90%, whenever once at a distance from 10 hours stirrings, incubation time 3 days; Treat that compost covers with spore and can finish to cultivate
Drying and crushing: after the fermentation ends, tray is placed on fluidized bed drying, baking temperature is controlled at 60 ℃, treats that moisture content of material will be lower than 10% when following, with pulverizer solid culture medium is carried out powder sulphur, and material is pulverized the aperture more than 100 orders.
The preparation method of bacillus subtilis
Culture medium is formed (g/L): glucose 60, yeast extract 20, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.5, epsom salt 0.5, pH6.8.
(1) first order seed is cultivated: it is 100mL that 500mL shakes bottled liquid measure, and a ring bacillus subtilis is inserted in the sterilization back, on shaking table, and 180 rev/mins, 37 ℃ of cultivation temperature, incubation time 24 hours is to logarithmic phase;
(2) secondary seed is cultivated: in the seeding tank of first order seed according to the inoculum concentration access 30L of 10% (v/v), and liquid amount 21L, 37 ℃ of cultivation temperature; 200 rev/mins of mixing speeds; Ventilation (V/V) 1: 0.5, tank pressure 0.05Mpa, incubation time 24 hours is to logarithmic phase.
(3) fermentation tank culture: the seed in the seeding tank is inserted 300L fermentation tank, liquid amount 210L, 37 ℃ of cultivation temperature with 10% (v/v) inoculum concentration; Mixing speed 200 is changeed branch; Ventilation (V/V) 1: 0.5. tank pressure 0.05Mpa, incubation time 24 hours is cultivated and is finished bacteria concentration 5.0 * 10
9Individual/mL.
(4) centrifugation: adopt plate-frame filtering to separate and obtain thalline.
(7) vacuum freeze drying: adopt drying process with atomizing to handle the acquisition dry bacteria after adding protective agent; Protective agent consists of defatted milk 10%, lactose 5%, glycerine 5%.
The preparation method of S. cervisiae:
To liquid shaking bottle, liquid shaking bottle is gone into fermentation tank through three grades of back switchings that spread cultivation and is carried out enlarged culture from inclined-plane switching saccharomycete, cultivates to finish that low temperature concentrates, the carrier mixing liquid bed drying process acquisition active dry yeasr microbial inoculum.
The cultivation of yeast cells: adopt the slant strains acquisition yeast cells that spreads cultivation step by step;
(1) first order seed is cultivated: the yeast slant strains is inserted 500mL shake in the bottle, and culture medium loading amount 100mL, rotary shaking table 120 changes branch, 30 ℃ of cultivation temperature, incubation time 18 hours;
(2) secondary seed is cultivated: first order seed is inserted the 500mL secondary seed according to 10% inoculum concentration shake in the bottle, condition of culture is identical with first order seed;
(3) three grades of seed culture: secondary seed is inserted three grades of seeds of 5000mL with 10% inoculum concentration shake in the bottle, culture medium loading amount 1000mL, rotary shaking table 100 changes branch, 30 ℃ of cultivation temperature, incubation time 18 hours;
(4) first class seed pot is cultivated: it is the first class seed pot of 150L that three grades of seeds are inserted total measurement (volume) with 5% inoculum concentration, fermentation medium loading amount 100L, 30 ℃ of cultivation temperature; 100 rev/mins of mixing speeds; Ventilation (V/V) 1: 0.5, tank pressure 0.05Mpa, incubation time 16 hours;
(5) fermentation tank culture: it is 3 tons of secondary seed jars that the first class seed pot bacterial classification is inserted total measurement (volume) with 5% inoculum concentration (v/v); 2 tons of fermentation medium loading amounts; 30 ℃ of condition of culture cultivation temperature, 100 rev/mins of mixing speeds, ventilation in early stage (V/V) 1: 05; Tank pressure 0.05Mpa, early stage, incubation time was 12 hours; Later stage tank pressure 0.05Mpa, mixing speed 50 is changeed branch, incubation time 8 hours, the yeast concentration of cultivating latter stage reaches 3.0 * 10
9Individual/mL.
(6) concentrate: zymotic fluid is concentrated in vacuo to 45% of original volume through low-temperature negative-pressure, obtains the saccharomycete concentrate.
(7) add carrier: in the saccharomycete concentrate, add the carrier that mixes, mix; The weight ratio of concentrate and carrier is 0.5-0.7: 1, and vehicle group becomes: CaCO
340 parts, 20 parts in dextrin, 20 parts of corn protein powders.
(8) drying: fluidized bed drying, 50 ℃ of baking temperatures.
Culture medium adopts 10% malt extract medium or adopts the molasses culture medium of adding inorganic salts such as ammonium sulfate, and concrete cultivating and producing technology is referring to Xiao Dongguang " production and the application technology of wine brewing active dry yeast ".
The preparation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus microbial inoculum:
Slant strains inserts triangular flask, be cultured to logarithmic phase after switching go in the fermentation tank, the control temperature is 45 ℃, ventilating ratio is 1: 0.1 (v/v), cultivates about 18 hours to logarithmic phase.Fermentation finishes and separates the acquisition wet thallus through plate-frame filtering, adds the protective agent that consists of 10% defatted milk, 5% trehalose, 5% glycerine, obtains microbial inoculum through freeze drying, and moisture is lower than 10%.
The experiment of product effect:
Selection and the experimental design of test ox: tested 7 days-October 7 September in 2010 and carry out Wuzhong City kumquat cattle farm in Ningxia, the random pair principle is taked in this experiment, with 40 oxen at random be divided into test group and control group; Every group of 20 oxen; In daily ration, add product 40g by every every day, fed 60 days, the result shows experimental group daily gain 972.7g; Control group daily gain 746.8g, difference is (P<0.01) extremely significantly.After feeding 5 days, its ight soil dry with feed before compare, reduce 30%.
Use high-efficiency biological active fodder additives after 1 month, find that milk crop is more stable, (group of not feeding declines by a big margin, because the test ox has spent peak of lactation), butterfat percnetage has also increased, and effect is fine.From the milk cow appearance, the hair of the milk cow of hello high-efficiency biological active fodder additives is bright, and appetite is good, and the mammitis incidence of disease reduces.