CN101588845A

CN101588845A - Gasifier and incinerator for biomass sludge destruction

Info

Publication number: CN101588845A
Application number: CNA2007800428614A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 戴维·R·布鲁克斯
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2006-09-22
Filing date: 2007-09-21
Publication date: 2009-11-25
Also published as: EP2063965B1; US20080072807A1; AU2007299497A1; HN2009000523A; EP2063965A4; CA2663236A1; JP2010504493A; BRPI0715293A2; IL197658A0; EP2063965A1; WO2008034263A1

Abstract

A device for gasifying biomass sludge having particle size less than 1 cm, and 20% to 100% solids content has a primary chamber, a fume transfer vent, a mixing chamber which accepts fumes from the primary chamber, and an afterburner chamber in fluid communication with the mixing chamber. A secondary burner produces an initial heating flame within a vertical portion of the afterburner chamber. A heat transfer chamber is in fluid communication with the afterburner chamber. Heated gases from the afterburner chamber cause heating of the heat transfer chamber. The primary chamber has a heat conductive floor superimposed over the heat transfer chamber so that conductive and convective heating of the primary chamber occur. At least one primary auger is located crosswise in the primary chamber between a sludge feed hopper and an ash hopper. The heat transfer chamber underlies the primary auger near the end at the ash hopper.

Description

The gasifier and the incinerator that are used for biomass sludge destruction

Technical field

The present invention relates to be used to handle the living beings waste material, be the incinerator etc. of the gunk of biomass sludge and for example animal wastes or other sewage sludge etc. specifically.

Background technology

Necessary is, various biomass sludges, specifically is for example should make them become the inertia sterilizable material through suitably processing from the animal wastes of wherein perhaps having raised the factory farm that thousands of animals Gong butcher.The infectiousness that must destroy or even the situation of fatal bacterium or virus may take place can have in the living beings of these forms and other the relevant volatile solid.Animal wastes can have considerable water, but also can comprise the hydrogen, carbon of big percentage and a large amount of trace elements such as nitrogen, sulphur, iron, chlorine, magnesium, manganese, sodium and potassium for example.Wish all these materials of heating, make organic substance be converted to gas and residual carbon dioxide and residual compounds and element, wherein gas is preferably innocuous gas, for example is oxidized to the element hydrogen of water vapour and oxygen etc.Room temperature or the environment temperature residue that is generally solid should finish as the inert mineral material around.

In order to realize that this biolobic material waste material and relevant volatile solid are become relative inertness gas and mineral salt, alloy or other compound, need fully these materials of heating, so that interrupt the chemical bond between the molecular structure.Heat be need force and various chemical bonds, for example hydrogen-carbon bond interrupted.Necessary is, interrupts all hydrogen-carbon bonds basically, because key is present in organic material usually, these organic materials must be destroyed.This extreme heating to this class material is called pyrolysis by this way, and it is defined as the chemical breakdown by heat effect.This pyrolysis is carried out in about 850 ℃ to 1000 ℃ temperature usually.Powder ash (ash) material of Chan Shenging will be sent out orange red in the time of 1000 ℃ ideally, and be lime the most at last when cooling, and wherein the powder putty material mainly is made up of mineral salt.The main component of organic material, be hydrogen and carbon through gasification so that mainly form carbon dioxide and water.

As end product undesirable and or even unacceptable be black powder ash.This black powder ash indicates the powder ash and does not melt (reduce) fully, and still has carbon and hydrocarbon material or the like in the powder ash.Therefore, may comprise organic material in the powder ash, wherein organic material in addition may take bacterium or virus form, may be compound perhaps, comprise toxic materials, for example dioxin (dioxin), furans and other organic chloride.

Basically, heat makes waste material by oneself, wherein handles the pyrolysis mainly comprise various chemical bonds such as hydrogen-carbon bond for example and interrupts, so that permit the gasification of all possible material.

In brief, the incineration of living beings comprises two stages, promptly gasifying stage and carbon the processing stage.In first gasifying stage, when living beings are heated-that is to say when its absorbs heat-from dispersed gas wherein, and this class gas comprises hydrocarbon gas and other VOCs (VOC) such as water, for example methane.When gasifying stage finishes, excess sludge will become the dry powder shape material that specifically comprises carbon and other mineral usually.In the processing stage of the carbon that incinerates,, and from residue powder ash, disperse carbon dioxide usually by providing additional air flow to make oxidation of coal.

In addition, should be noted that only to incinerate in hot burner hearth system and carry out that the front is discussed according to two-stage of biomass sludge of the present invention; And first gasifying stage carry out in the temperature with a little less than second carbon processing stage under the situation that need not additional oxygen usually.The additional oxygen that also will be generally air usually is provided to the side of the incinerator that incinerates the processing stage of wherein carbon taking place.

Thousands of oxen are remained on mutually closely and not allow and run on grassland and show, but for example produce cow dung with 200 tons quantity every day from the ox Research on Logistic Operation of fattening on a large scale that trough is fed the Texas of ox.Obviously, burying or build the biological gunk of depositing the sort of quantity in the pond can only be short-term solution.Even do like this, also may form refuse or other pollution to the peripheral region and to local environment.

Yet the well-known of refuse that enters " factory farm " of municipal water supply from so-called refuse there is illustrated in May, 2000 in the generation of the Wo Kedun town in Canadian Ontario.Seven people's death mainly are owing to there are Escherichia coli (e-Coli); And surpass 2300 people and catch an illness.All these take place is because from cattle feeding wherein for the refuse of butchering one or more factory farms, and contaminated rain water enters municipal water supply or municipal water supply other underground water source from wherein extracting there.The municipal water supply system obtains inappropriate monitoring and supervision; But suspectable is if suitably do not control to prevent this refuse, then tragedy can take place.

The inventor finds unexpectedly, as mentioned above, for example biomass sludge such as cow dung or other animal wastes or even human excrement can described below continuous process in and burn effectively or incinerate by following manner by pyrolysis (aforesaid): in case set up pyrolytic process, then need few additional-energy input.Biomass sludge is effective single-fuel, and it works so that guarantee its destruction of passing through pyrolysis or gasification.

The character of the biomass sludge that can incinerate according to the present invention must make to have thin denseness; Preferably have granular size, and be more typically in 1 to the 5mm scope less than 1cm.In addition, mud can comprise the solids content up to 100% segmentation degree, still, biomass sludge, has usually from 20% up to about 80% solid scope as animal wastes, and all the other are liquid.Will discuss below, biomass sludge must make it to be moved by auger.

Also can emphasize below, the present invention includes so-called " hot burner hearth system ", represent that the material of packing into of biomass sludge to be incinerated will reside on the very hot burner hearth that heats from below according to the following stated mode.

In addition, discuss below, the invention provides a kind of continued operation that is used for the incineration of biomass sludge, rather than the cooling by needing incinerator and the batch process of heat cycles.Obviously,, avoid the cooling and the heating of incinerator thus, then can realize caused energy saving if the incineration of biomass sludge can use continuous process to realize.

Summary of drawings

By example, describe embodiments of the invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, accompanying drawing comprises now:

Fig. 1 is the side cross-sectional view of the first prior art incinerator;

Fig. 2 is the side cross-sectional view of the second prior art incinerator;

Fig. 3 is the side cross-sectional view of the 3rd prior art incinerator;

Fig. 4 is the plane of the 3rd prior art incinerator;

Fig. 5 is the simplification front view according to living beings gasification device of the present invention and incinerator;

Fig. 6 is the simplified plan view according to living beings gasification device of the present invention and incinerator;

Fig. 7 is the simplification front view according to alternative living beings gasification device of the present invention and incinerator;

Fig. 8 is the simplification front view according to another alternative living beings gasification device of the present invention and incinerator;

Fig. 9 is the side cross-sectional view similar to Fig. 3, but illustrate according to living beings of the present invention gasification device and incinerator in conjunction with details; And

Figure 10 is the plane similar to Fig. 4, but illustrate according to living beings of the present invention gasification device and incinerator in conjunction with details.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART

Nearly all living beings are incinerated and are all taken place in incinerator, and incinerator comprises at least two chambeies The chamber: the main chamber, living beings are packed into and are expected to put into wherein in order to incinerate; And there is heat transmit to close with the main chamber The afterburner chamber of the smokejack of incinerator is perhaps led in ancillary chamber or the hot transfer chamber of system.

In order to obtain the volatilization of all biological materials in the main chamber, need to disconnect each molecule it Between key-mainly be hydrogen-carbon bond. This disconnection of key is chemical reaction basically, generally is Endothermic chemical reaction, and require the external heat energy is introduced material, in order to various reactions take place Take place. Oxidation reaction is heat release, and these reactions provide from reaction material and discharge heat energy. Afterburning This release heat energy in the device chamber trends towards causing the increase of the temperature in the main chamber, wherein temperature Increase therefore and trend towards pushing those materials to its volatilization temperature.

If the external heat of introducing biological material is in excessive temperature or is particularly collecting In the zone even suddenly apply, then trend towards taking place two kinds of situations: the first, generation any anti-It is quite fierce to trend towards, thereby makes flying dust (fly-ash) produce the smog of volatilization living beings; The second, unexpected and concentrated reaction produces a large amount of heat energy, and it can cause again the unexpected of material around Volatilization, volatilization may some fierceness. In addition, if lot of materials according to adjacent mentioned above Mode is in short period section volatilization, and then the environment temperature of main chamber will trend towards raising considerably, Thereby all the other living beings are more promptly volatilized, but not to volatilize with controllable rate. In other words, React at least to a certain extent uncontrolled.

For have a kind of generally be controlled, do not having aspect hot generating rate and the reaction rate Change and therefore relatively do not have the continuous volatiling reaction of unexpected physical perturbation, need suddenly Apply external heat, rise to lentamente continuously its volatilization in order to realize the temperature of biological material The point.

The prior art incinerator that all are known and burner all are designed to biological material Apply the strong technology of heat aspect usage comparison, in order to make the biological material volatilization. Basically, Input will cause the hypothesis of bigger chemical reaction and volatilization according to bigger heat energy, and what all were known shows There is the technology incinerator all to use " brute force " to cause required volatilization.

As illustrated in prior art fig. 1 and the usefulness of an example of tradition incinerator and burner General reference number 1 represents that it adopts two or more burners, wherein first burner 2 be in the main chamber 3 of incinerator 1-main chamber is for the living beings of incinerating pack into material or its The position that its material is placed-and second burner 5 that is positioned at exhaust opening 6. Main chamber 3 In first burner 2 for living beings 4, and estimate to be used for first lit living beings 4. But have been found that the smog that disperses comprises the lot of materials that has hydrogen-carbon bond such as flying dust etc. And other does not incinerate material. Therefore comprise second burner 5, in order to serve as afterburner, advance The material that exists in the one step combustion fumes. But, material substantially, can comprise number such as flying dust 1,000,000 or billions of molecule; Therefore, the material of this body that carries of smog they begin through May not be incinerated fully during afterburner chamber 7.

First burner 2 in the main chamber 3 is directly at living beings 4 or other material to be incinerated, so that cause the direct burning of living beings 4.Flame trends towards making the living beings waste combustion, and trends towards stirring physically living beings 4.Therefore, undesirable a large amount of flying dust is included in the smog from biomass burning 4.Smog and flying dust comprise the unburned material, and they may be organic materials, and may comprise for example undesirable hazardous chemicals such as dioxin, furans and organic chloride.

In addition, such conventional prior art incinerator 1 does not integrally provide abundant calorific intensity so that suitably incinerate all waste materials.Have only amount of localized heat to provide by first burner 2 in the main chamber 3 and the bottom 8 by main chamber 1, wherein first burner 2 incinerates the surface of living beings 4, and bottom 8 final fully heating, so that cause the burning of the living beings 4 that are in direct contact with it.Often do not have enough calorific intensitys to cause even being gasified totally of material of burning really, and do not have enough calorific intensitys to cause being gasified totally of waste material at living beings center certainly.In fact, have been found that living beings pack into material 4 center waste material at all not burning what.The powder ash that is produced still is black, and this indicates the powder ash and mainly is made up of carbon.Have been found that and also have for example undesirable material and other organic substances such as dioxin, furans and organic chloride usually.Usually, this black powder ash by volume is approximately 10% to 15% (and being approximately 15% to 25% by weight) of original waste material.

Fig. 2 discloses a kind of improved incinerator and burner, and it has overcome conventional prior art incinerator and burner and has run into a part of problem.This incinerator basically such as in the inventor's who announced on August 5th, 1986 the U.S. Patent No. 4603644 instruction.That instructed in that patent and have floss hole 11 by generalized reference label 10 represented incinerator and burners in the rear wall 12 of main chamber 13, wherein floss hole 11 leads to vertically disposed flame chamber 14.Flame chamber 14 comprises mixing chamber 15 and afterburner chamber 17 originally, wherein, in mixing chamber 15 mixing with smog from main chamber 13 from the flame of single burner member 16, and in afterburner chamber 17, react from the smog of mixing chamber 15--to disconnect hydrogen-carbon bond--and gasification smog in material.This process is called " cracking (cracking) ".Crooked 90 ° of turnings, afterburner chamber, the wherein major part of generation " cracking ".The part that is horizontally disposed with that afterburner chamber 17 is short is led to the hot transfer chamber 18 that approximate horizontal is provided with.Heat from " cracking " of the hydrogen-carbon bond of afterburner chamber 17 makes the temperature of hot transfer chamber be elevated to about 1000 ℃.Heat in the hot transfer chamber rises by the top 19 as the hot transfer chamber of the bottom of main chamber again, so that the living beings 9 in heating main chamber and the main chamber 13.Like this, living beings 9 receive the conduction and the convection heat of self-heating transfer chamber 18, and wherein conduction and convection heat help the living beings 9 in the heating main chamber 13.Burner member 16 is positioned at the top of mixing chamber 15, closely is positioned at floss hole 11 next doors from main chamber 13.Therefore, the flame from burner member 16 is provided to direct radiations heat energy in the main chamber 13 by floss hole 11.This direct radiations heat energy arrives the living beings of being incinerated, and helps heating living beings 9 (being called " directly radiant heat volatilization ").Trend towards causing making the burning of living beings 9 to cause premature ignition that it causes the imperfect combustion in the commitment of process by direct photothermal this incineration.Also comprise start-up burner 19 so that help the burning of waste materials.The unstability that causes in the main chamber on fire of this burner, and cause distributing of fly ash material.The part of flying dust is gasified in afterburner chamber 17; But possible fully is that the part of flying dust may be passed through afterburner chamber 17 but is not gasified totally.This incomplete gasification generally is unacceptable, because this material may wrap hydrogen-containing carbon, dioxin, furans and other undesirable organic substance of bacterium, virus and other microorganism etc. for example.

All known systems incinerators and burner use one or more and possibility even some control systems, so that manage to stablize the temperature in the main chamber.The use that has been found that a plurality of control systems of this class trends towards producing wherein, and the temperature of main chamber can change thereby can not think the stable whole system.Stability this lacks and is to be caused by a plurality of control systems that hinder mutually basically.

Have been found that aforesaid this class prior art incinerator and burner produce unacceptable end product owing to the intrinsic property of the incineration course that takes place.The smog that is produced has hydrogen-carbon, dioxin, furans and other material and the material of higher level, and can comprise flying dust, and remaining gained powder ash can have undesirable organic substance in the incinerator, for example bacterium, virus and other microorganism.Therefore can see that the incineration of living beings waste material and relevant volatile solid generally is unacceptable, is safe fully because it does not make possible infectious waste material.

Another kind of art methods as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4, shown in it by the represented gasifier of generalized reference label 20.United States Patent (USP) 5611289 that this gasifier 20 was issued on March 18th, 1997 as the inventor and issue on September 12nd, 2000 6116168 shown in.Gasifier 20 comprises main chamber 30, and it is configured as the material of packing into of the waste material 22 to be gasified of reception therein.Main chamber 30 comprises main door 32, and it permits entering selectively the main chamber.Low capacity air intake 34 can be included in the member 32, is used to permit little air or oxygen flow and goes into main chamber 30.The bottom 36 of main chamber 30 is made by suitable refractory material, make be strong enough to that supporting is placed in one may be the weight of any material of thousands of pounds.Bottom 36 still is heat conducting, so that allow heat to enter main chamber 30 from below.

Smog shifts out mouthfuls 38 and is positioned at the rear side of main chamber 30 and is arranged near the top, main chamber.Smog shifts out mouthfuls 38 and is communicated with main chamber's 30 fluids, with material allowance smog 30 effusions from main chamber during gasification in main chamber 30 of packing into of convenient waste material 22.The smog that shifts out mouth 38 from smog comprises gas and also comprises the molecule that wherein has hydrogen, carbon and oxygen atom that hydrogen and carbon many compositions of Cheng Jian (therefore having hydrogen-carbon bond) are together wherein arranged.

Vertically disposed mixing chamber 40 shifts out mouthful 38 fluids with smog and is communicated with, thereby accepts the smog from main chamber 30.Afterburner chamber 42 is communicated with mixing chamber 40 fluids.In a preferred embodiment, the afterburner chamber has the vertically disposed first that is connected to horizontally disposed second portion 46 shown in double-head arrow " A " with 90 ° of turnings." diagonal angle, the angle " width at 90 ° of turnings is greater than the width of afterburner chamber 42, so that the effect that makes afterburner chamber 42 is discussed in more detail below for maximum.Therefore the afterburner chamber is shaped and is sized to and permits adding the basically all the components of thermal-flame complete oxidation from the flame of main chamber.

Take the burner member of the form of auxiliary heat input burner 48 to be positioned at the top of mixing chamber, and be oriented to and make to penetrate to add thermal-flame and enter first of afterburner chamber 42 downwards part vertically is set by mixing chamber 40.From auxiliary heat input burner 48 add the cause a fog additional oxidation of composition of thermal-flame be gas so that the major part of these components is decomposed into carbon dioxide and water vapour-water vapour in about 100 ℃ or higher temperature.

Mixing chamber permit in mixing chamber that composition from the smog of main chamber 30 mixes in mixing chamber with surrounding air and also with from mixing with enter the mouth 49 oxygen of oxygen that auxiliary heat input burner 48 is set up in parallel.

Auxiliary heat input burner 48 has fuel inlet and air intake, to permit respectively to input burner 48 fuel supplying and oxygen.Control assembly is being connected with 48 work of input burner by electric wire 57, and is used for control to input burner 48 fuel supplying.Usually need to adjust initial flow fuel, so that produce the sizable thermal-flame that adds that reaches afterburner chamber 42 to auxiliary heat input burner 48.Because afterburner chamber 42 increases temperature usually, the flow fuel of importing burner 48 to auxiliary heat reduces usually, in case because gasification is underway, then need less input to make afterburner chamber 46 remain the constant temperature.

Partition wall 50 is arranged between mixing chamber 40 and the main chamber 30 and is arranged between the vertically disposed first 44 and main chamber 30 of afterburner chamber 42.Partition wall 50 is located and is sized to the thermal-flame that adds that stops auxiliary heat input burner 48 to be produced and enters main chamber 30, and also stops the heating flame radiation directly to enter main chamber 30.Like this, adding thermal-flame does not have directly to heat waste material 22 in the main chamber, does not therefore make the regional area of material overheated suddenly.Specifically, partition wall 50 stop from auxiliary heat input burner 48 add thermal-flame physical agitation material 22, when material 22 is heated and gasifies, stop thus from waste material 22 generation flying dusts.

The height of partition wall 50 is by to its minimizing or increase brick 51 and variable, so that allow smog to shift out " fine setting " of mouthfuls 38 cross-sectional area.Usually make smog shift out mouthfuls 38 and remain possible big of most reasonability, overflow so that allow smog to be easy to from the main chamber 30.In afterburner chamber 42, the hydrogen-carbon bond in the various materials and division of other keys and oxidation make to produce pure exothermic reaction.The fracture that the industry is called the hydrogen-carbon bond of " cracking " mainly takes place in the vertically disposed first 44 of afterburner chamber 42 and 90 ° of corners between the horizontally disposed second portion 46.This turning is called " cracking zone ".

When smog left the horizontally disposed second portion 46 of afterburner chamber, they entered hot transfer chamber 52.Heat from these exothermic reactions makes hot transfer chamber 52 be heated to excessive temperature, is heated to about 1000 ℃ at last.This temperature is adjustable by the control assembly of auxiliary heat input burner 48 certainly.When the heat from " cracking " of hydrogen-carbon bond adds that amount of residual heat will from auxiliary heat input burner 48 increases temperature in the hot transfer chamber 52, control assembly 52 can be used for reducing from auxiliary heat input burner 48 emitted add thermal-flame.This control assembly 56 can be connected with the thermocouple 58 of temperature in the sense heat transfer chamber 52.Thermocouple 58 is electrically connected with control assembly 56 by electric wire 59, so that provide feedback signal to control assembly, thereby allows to adjust automatically the thermal-flame that adds of importing burner 48 from auxiliary heat.Hot transfer chamber 52 is divided into two parts, so that increase the effective length of hot transfer chamber 52, thereby increases the time quantum of bottom 36 that hot gas in the hot transfer chamber is exposed to the main chamber 30 of top, and permits bigger heat thus and be delivered to main chamber 30 from hot transfer chamber 52.

Main chamber 30 is superimposed upon on the hot transfer chamber 52, wherein hot conductive base 36 is arranged between them with spaced relation, the heat that makes self-heating transfer chamber 52 so that permit the conduction and the Convective Heating of main chamber 30, increases the temperature of main chamber 30 through overheated conductive base 36 thus.

Hot transfer chamber 52 is communicated with exhaust outlet 54 fluids that the posterior vertical that is positioned at main chamber 30 is provided with.Exhaust outlet 54 allows oxidation of smoke to exhaust safely to surrounding environment.

Temperature in the main chamber can be controlled by dual mode: the first, and auxiliary heat input burner 48 receives feedback by the thermocouple 58 of control assembly 56 from hot transfer chamber 52 and modulates.Fuel input, therefore select according to the temperature that thermocouple 58 stands from the size of the flame of auxiliary heat input burner 48.The second, can permit little air and enter main chamber 30 by the low capacity air intake 34 in the main door 32 of main chamber 30.Permit the minute quantity air and enter can raise temperature in the main chamber 30 of main chamber 30.

When starting auxiliary heat input burner 48, the heat of importing burner 48 from auxiliary heat slowly and stably causes the rising of the temperature of main chamber 30 thus to 52 heating of hot transfer chamber.When the temperature in the main chamber 30 raise, the volatilization of the low enthalpy part of waste material 22 began to take place, because low enthalpy material 22 has low bond energy according to definition.The exothermic reaction of the low enthalpy material 22 that takes place in main chamber 30 and in " the cracking zone " of afterburner chamber 42 combines with the heat of importing burner from auxiliary heat, so that continue, so that cause the stable and rising continuously of the temperature in the main chamber 30 to 52 heating of hot transfer chamber.When the temperature in the main chamber 30 increases, the high enthalpy of waste material 22 is partly volatilized, thereby produce even bigger heat energy from the gained exothermic reaction.The heat energy of this increase continues to combine with the heat energy of importing burner 48 from auxiliary heat, so that continue heat is added hot transfer chamber 52, therefore increases the temperature of main chamber 30.Therefore, there be in time stable of the thermal energy that sends by the exothermic reaction of waste material 22 and increasing continuously.Thermocouple 58 in the main chamber 30 allows the temperature of the hot transfer chamber 52 of monitoring all the time, and permits auxiliary heat input burner 48 and modulate voluntarily, so that stop the heat in the hot transfer chamber 52 excessively to raise.Basically, the increase of the temperature in the main chamber 30 is based on the slow rising from the heat energy of the continuous exothermic reaction of material 22.

Summary of the invention

According to an aspect of the present invention, provide a kind of gasifier and incinerator, be used to gasify and take granular size to be not more than 1cm and have 20% to 100% solids content, all the other living beings waste materials for the sludge form of liquid.

Gasifier of the present invention and incinerator comprise and are suitable for receiving biomass sludge therein so that to its main chamber of gasifying and incinerating.

Smog shifts out mouth and is arranged near the top of main chamber, and is communicated with main chamber's fluid, overflows from the main chamber so that permit smog.

Mixing chamber shifts out a mouthful fluid with smog and is communicated with, so that accept the smog from the main chamber.

There is the afterburner chamber that is communicated with the mixing chamber fluid.

The auxiliary burner member is arranged in a gasifier, so that vertically be provided with in first of afterburner chamber and produce initial heating flame in the part, and the auxiliary burner member has allowance respectively to the fuel inlet of burner member fuel supplying and oxygen and air intake and the control control assembly to burner member fuel supplying and oxygen.

Partition wall is arranged between mixing chamber and the main chamber, and partition wall limits the bottom boundary that shifts out mouth.

Have the hot transfer chamber that is communicated with afterburner chamber fluid, wherein the heated air that flows from the afterburner chamber causes the heating of hot transfer chamber.

The main chamber has hot conductive base, and is superimposed upon in the hot transfer chamber, and wherein hot conductive base is arranged between them with spaced relation, so that permit the conduction and the Convective Heating of main chamber.

Exhaust outlet is communicated with hot transfer chamber fluid, so that smog emission is arrived surrounding environment.

Also have at least one main auger, it is across being arranged in the main chamber, and links to each other with the sewage sludge feed bucket at first end, and links to each other with ash bucket at second end.

Provide driver part rotating at least one main auger, so as to drive biomass sludge by the main chamber through overheated conductive base from the sewage sludge feed bucket to ash bucket.

Be noted that hot transfer chamber is positioned under at least one main auger near its second end.

Biomass sludge through the time of staying of main chamber when the sewage sludge feed bucket is passed to ash bucket usually within scope 20 minutes to 3 hours.

Provide the accessory supplied of air or oxygen being positioned at a side direction main chamber above the hot transfer chamber.

Gasifier of the present invention and incinerator also can comprise the first liquid extraction chamber that is positioned at the top, main chamber and has heat transfer relation with it.

Under the sort of situation, auxiliary auger is across being arranged in the first liquid extraction chamber, and has the driver part of driving biomass sludge between sewage sludge feed bucket and middle sewage sludge feed bucket, and it links to each other with first end of at least one main auger.

Therefore, when the biomass sludge of waiting to gasify and incinerate had high content liquid, at least a portion of liquid was separated by the heat that is delivered to wherein from the main chamber in the first liquid extraction chamber.

In addition, also can comprise dividing wall according to gasifier of the present invention and incinerator, it vertically is arranged in the main chamber, and has the height that is lower than the main chamber.Exist auger to pass through wherein opening in the dividing wall, so that biomass sludge is driven into ash bucket from the sewage sludge feed bucket.

Mixing chamber general vertical setting usually.

In addition, the burner member is arranged on the top of described mixing chamber usually.

The height that is noted that partition wall can be variable.

Structure according to gasifier of the present invention and incinerator makes the afterburner chamber have vertically disposed first and horizontally disposed second portion usually.

In addition, the vertically disposed first of afterburner chamber is connected to the horizontally disposed second portion of afterburner chamber by 90 ° of turnings with the fluid mode of communicating.

Be noted that 90 ° of turnings have " diagonal angle, the angle " distance greater than the width of afterburner chamber, increase the area of section of the afterburner chamber at that some place thus effectively.

The present invention also provides a kind of continuous gasification and incineration to take granular size to be not more than 1cm and has 20% to 100% solids content, all the other methods for the living beings waste material of the sludge form of liquid, and wherein this method may further comprise the steps.

At first, a certain amount of biomass sludge is put into the sewage sludge feed bucket, and, a part of biomass sludge is introduced the main chamber of gasifier and incinerator by adopting auger to drive biomass sludge through the main chamber.

Start the burner member that is arranged in the described gasifier, so that generation guides and only be vertically set on the initial heating flame in the afterburner chamber by mixing chamber.

Heat by initial heating flame at first hot transfer chamber, stops thus from flame radiation directly to enter the main chamber.

Biomass sludge heats by the conduction and the Convective Heating of only coming self-heating conduction chamber in the main chamber, so that stop the physical perturbation of described biomass sludge except auger is caused.

Smog imports mixing chamber from biomass sludge.

Only the heat from the oxidation of smog just is used for further to the heating of hot transfer chamber.

Smog takes out from hot transfer chamber then.

With first end of more biomass sludge continuous feeds, and remove the powder ash continuously from the ash bucket of second end that is positioned at auger to auger.

Initial heating flame guides by the mixing chamber of approximate vertical setting usually.

In addition, the burner member is arranged in gasifier and incinerator, so that be arranged on the top of mixing chamber.

At last, initial heating flame is directed to afterburner chamber with vertically disposed first and horizontally disposed second portion.

Preferred embodiment describes in detail

By following argumentation will be better understood the new feature that is considered to characteristic of the present invention, about its structure, tissue, purposes and method of operating additional objects and advantages together with it.

At first Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 illustrate the reduced graph according to biomass sludge gasifier of the present invention and incinerator.Biomass sludge gasifier and incinerator generally identify with label 100, and comprise main chamber 102, ancillary chamber or afterburner chamber 104 and at least one main auger 106.With biomass sludge from sewage sludge feed bucket 108 feed-in biomass sludge gasifiers and incinerator 100, so that carried through main chamber 102 by at least one main auger 106 together with the combusted powder ash of generation collected in ash bucket 110.

As mentioned above, the biomass sludge that gasify according to the present invention and incinerate can comprise animal wastes, sewage waste material and other mud shape living beings, and short of granular size is greater than the particulate matter of 1cm.Biomass sludge can comprise from 20% until 100% solid, and all the other are liquid.The also gasifiable and incineration of other biomass sludge except mud excrement or sewage waste material, and can comprise living beings waste material with high-energy component (content).For example, for example the animal part that pulverizes with higher fat such as meat and bone will comprise high-energy component.The gasification of this high-energy biomass waste material and incinerate for example disposing to take from and wherein exist or suspect under the certain situation of a large amount of rots etc. on farm of bird flu extremely important.Equally, find or suspect the existence of rabid ox disease in the place that ox may be butchered and shred sometimes.Importantly, this living beings waste material is gasified fully and is incinerated, and carries or causes no matter the virus of those diseases or protein material is the mankind or the possibility of any food chain of animal if entering so that get rid of.

Under any circumstance, gasifier and incinerator 100 use usually by its make this class device, as tolerance 850 ℃ to 1000 ℃ of scopes and in some cases the typical refractory material of the structure material material of temperature up to 1300 ℃ constitute.Auger is made by stainless steel usually, does not have the loss structure integrality so that tolerate their suffered high temperature equally.But may be noted that in operation auger may occur so that heating brick is red.But this phenomenon is expected, because it guarantees heat is delivered to the biomass sludge that is gasified and incinerate.

The basic structure of gasifier and incinerator 100 with the operation and do not have different with reference to Fig. 3 and the described prior-art devices 20 of Fig. 4.Therefore can see that return passage 112 links to each other with flue (stack) 114; And everybody will appreciate that the gas that flows into return passage 112 generally is in than the lower temperature of gas that flows into ancillary chamber 104, because these gases can thermotropism conduction burner hearth 116 discharges heat.

Provide additional or auxiliary burner 118 together with auxiliary blower 120, and the purpose of auxiliary burner 118 is to provide initial or start flame when the continued operation under different situations of gasifier according to the present invention and incinerator is initial.

Fuel is offered auxiliary burner 118, and operation auxiliary blower 120, so that set up heat, shown in 122 at the vertical component of afterburner chamber 104.This heat can make gas pass through ancillary chamber 104 certainly and flow into return passage 112 then along flue 114 upwards.But when those gases became hotter, bigger heat was passed to and resides on the burner hearth 116 and by auger 106 displacements and the biomass sludge that drives.In the quite short time, biomass sludge will fully be heated, so that begin to send the gas that comprises VOCs such as water and for example methane.When increasing these VOCs are discharged, they will enter smog and shift out mouth and enter mixing chamber, perhaps move in the afterburner chambers 104 by vertical afterburner chamber part 122.At last, those gases are warm enough, makes them need few (if any), then can close from the additional heat input of auxiliary burner 118.Sufficient monitoring and control assembly are provided certainly, are high enough to the abundant heat of biomass sludge transmission that is positioned at 104 tops, afterburner chamber, so that can gasify and the carbon of incineration course the processing stage, as mentioned above so that guarantee the temperature in the ancillary chamber 104.Additional heat then will start auxiliary burner 118 as required if desired.

Certainly provide drive motors or other driver part 124, so that drive auger 106.The speed of auger rotation can be within per scope that went to up to 5RPM in three or four minutes.

Character according to the biomass sludge of waiting to gasify or incinerating certainly drives adjacent auger 106 by rightabout.In addition, the size of auger and pitch (spacing) depend on the character of the biomass sludge of waiting to gasify and incinerating.

In order to adapt to cleaning once in a while and in fact to enter gasifier and the necessity of the inside of incinerator 100, provide access door 126.

Fig. 7 illustrates the alterative version according to gasifier of the present invention and incinerator, and its difference only is to add the liquid extraction chamber 128 that is positioned at 102 tops, main chamber.Here, sewage sludge feed bucket 108a is arranged on first end of auger 106a, and intermediate feed bucket 130 is arranged on first end of main auger 106.The purpose of liquid extraction chamber 128 is to permit the excessive liquid of extraction from the biomass sludge of waiting to gasify and incinerating.Transmit burner hearth 132 by another heat and 102 transmit heats, so that drive gasified liquid from biomass sludge from the main chamber.Gasified liquid will escape into flue 114 by floss hole 134.

The another kind of alterative version of gasifier and incinerator as shown in Figure 8.Here, dividing wall 136 vertically is arranged in gasifier and the incinerator, so that the main chamber is divided into two chamber 102a and 102b.They are communicated with by ventilating duct (vent passage) 138 mutual gases; And everybody will appreciate that, the height of dividing wall 136 can change according to the character of the biomass sludge of waiting to gasify or incinerating, but under any circumstance, and it is all less than the height of the 102a of main chamber, 102b.

Be expressly understood that now the present invention not only is provided for the equipment of biomass sludge by gasifier and incinerator, it also is provided for the method that gasifies and incinerate biomass sludge.Aspect that, everybody will appreciate that method of the present invention provides continuous gasification and incineration, rather than has before used the available batch process of prior-art devices.

A certain amount of biomass sludge is put into the sewage sludge feed bucket, and the main chamber that a part of biomass sludge is introduced gasifier and incinerator, and drive through the main chamber by auger.As mentioned above, start the burner member, so that produce guiding by mixing chamber and only be vertically set on initial heating flame in the afterburner chamber.Heat transfer chamber heats by initial heating flame at first; And stop and directly enter the main chamber from flame radiation.

Biomass sludge in the main chamber heats by conduction and the Convective Heating from the heat conduction chamber that is positioned at the below, main chamber, and stops the physical perturbation of biomass sludge except the auger that slowly moves is caused.

Smog from the heating biomass sludge is imported mixing chamber, and also will be to the heating of hot transfer chamber from the heat of the oxidation of those smog.Smog then takes out from hot transfer chamber, so that be discharged in the environment.

Simultaneously, with of first end air feedization and the incineration of more biomass sludge continuous feeds, and remove the powder ash from second end of auger by the sewage sludge feed bucket from being located at ash bucket to auger.

The most with the aid of pictures 9 and Figure 10, the instruction slightly more specifically according to gasifier of the present invention and incinerator is shown.Everybody can see, it is different that these accompanying drawings and Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 do not have, and for major part, identical reference number is used for identifying identical architectural feature.The function of Fig. 9 and gasifier shown in Figure 10 and incinerator and operation are to above described similar with prior art incinerator shown in Figure 4 at Fig. 3.

But, also adopted employed several reference numbers among Fig. 5 to Fig. 8.Therefore, in the gasifier of Fig. 9 and Figure 10 and incinerator, see auger 106; And can notice that from arrow 150 adjacent auger can or can not reverse.Everybody also will appreciate that, additive air or oxygen intake 34 be arranged to that position of the main chamber 102 that is positioned at 52,104 tops, afterburner chamber in line.Biomass sludge 152 drives through the main chamber by the mode identical with the above; And emphasize that the gasifier of Fig. 9 and Figure 10 and the operation of incinerator are continuous, rather than batch process.

Auxiliary or supplementary burner 118 are shown, but will appreciate that by above description its objective is provides initial heating flame.After this, auxiliary burner 118 can or can be inoperative, depends on the operation of the controller 56 that communicates with thermocouple 58 and with other the operation control that person of skill in the art will appreciate that.On the other hand, air or oxygen offers auxiliary or afterburner chamber by ventilating opening 49, and with continuous-flow.

The principal point that carries out is that structure of the present invention and operation provide continuous gasification and incineration course; But it must be understood that gasification and the living beings of incinerating will be had the form of biomass sludge.Because the performance constraint of auger 106, determine, do not have the particle of size when biomass sludge makes, and the solids content of mud will realize the valid function according to gasifier of the present invention and incinerator best when scope 20% is within 100% greater than 1cm.

Everybody also will appreciate that, because the character of operation, specifically because it is continued operation, in case when therefore gasifier and incinerator were worked fully, then auxiliary burner can cut out.In other words, be used for the biomass sludge that the fuel of the continued operation of gasifier and incinerator will gasify and incinerate just.Therefore, in case carry out, then the additional-energy input to the operation of gasifier according to the present invention and incinerator requires to minimum.Effectively, it is electric that the input of unique additional-energy requires, so that drive the motor of auger, so that provide electric power for any Electronic Control on the throne and for any other motor as exercisable fan.But, outside initial start flame is required, do not have the additional fuel requirement, therefore do not need or unnecessary storage for example diesel oil or other burner with a large amount of fuel such as oil, propane or natural gas.

In fact, significant long-term beneficial effect can be from being positioned at the gasifier of positions such as vaccary for example and the purposes and the operation of incinerator draws according to of the present invention.For example produce fattening in the field of 200 tons of cow dungs in every day as one, the gasification of cow dung and incinerate and to produce the nearly energy (taking the form of electric power or steam) of 2 megawatts every day.That energy then can be used for being supported in many other operations that carry out in the vaccary, comprises that heating, operation are used for power equipment of feed distribution or the like.

As mentioned above, the typical time of staying of the biomass sludge that will gasify and incinerate according to the present invention can be within scope 20 minutes to 3 hours.If biomass sludge is the animal part that for example pulverizes etc., then it is relatively drier and have high-energy component, and the time of staying has high liquid content such as the fruit biomass sludge and will lack during than low-energy component.In addition, for example biomass sludge such as cow dung is easier to handle, and has the content liquid lower than pig manure.A kind of biomass sludge in back may require in conjunction with the gasifier of the first liquid extraction chamber of grade shown in Figure 7 for example and the processing in the incinerator.

It can be by rule of thumb in a way that the time of staying fixes on really.But, when experience is when being obtained by operating personnel, particularly under those situations identical all the time basically of waiting to gasify, can be the control of setting up the actuating speed of auger according to the valid function of gasifier of the present invention and incinerator with the biomass sludge that incinerates.

Small sample by the biomass sludge that will wait to gasify and incinerate is put into for example crucible, and observation with the required duration of this biomass sludge pulverize ash, can also be determined the time of staying roughly when the excessive temperature that the biomass sludge process will be stood in the main chamber of gasifier of the present invention and incinerator.

Other biomass sludge material that can gasify according to the present invention and incinerate can comprise that human sewer discards waste water.This can have some advantage in some cases, for example for numerous people's interim rally provides that removable toilet-for example pope is visiting, the concert of famous band etc.-or may exist therein under the situation of long-term municipal administration or military installations (for example be positioned at and find the permafrost soil and the debatable high latitude of the sewage disposal arctic) and can have advantage.

In the operation of gasifier according to the present invention and incinerator, possiblely be that the zone of the main chamber the processing stage of the carbon that takes place to incinerate in the main chamber may exist flame.Therefore, when the zone pulverize of the main chamber 102 above biomass sludge is being arranged in auxiliary or afterburner chamber 104 is grey, can there be strong flame interaction sometimes.Inappropriate disturbance for the biomass sludge that stops become very dry and powdery preferably provides line bonus partition wall 136 as shown in Figure 8 sometimes.

In addition, in operation, the representative temperature difference of gas between the temperature that flow to chamber 112 by auxiliary or afterburner chamber 104 is approximately 100 ℃.In addition, though leaving the gas of gasifier of the present invention and incinerator by flue 114 may be quite hot, but they will comprise seldom or not comprise pernicious gas or gasification compound, and for example dioxin or the existence in atmosphere may be not wish or other illegal VOC.The typical concentration of VOC can be significantly less than 10ppm, and this generally is acceptable in most of compasss of competency.

Other modifications and changes can be used for design and make equipment of the present invention, and do not deviate from the spirit and scope of appended claims.

In whole specification and following claims, unless requirement done in addition in context, otherwise word " comprises " and " comprising " etc. will be interpreted as that hint comprises described integer or step or integer or step group, rather than gets rid of any other integer or step or integer or step group.

Claims

1. a gasifier and incinerator that is used for the gasified bio-matter waste material, described biomass fertilizers be not more than 1cm with granular size and have 20% to 100% solids content, all the other are the sludge form of liquid, described gasifier and incinerator comprise:

The main chamber is applicable to receive biomass sludge therein with to its gasification and incineration;

Smog shifts out mouth, is arranged near the top of described main chamber, and described smog shifts out mouth and is communicated with described main chamber fluid, overflows from described main chamber to permit smog;

Mixing chamber shifts out a mouthful fluid with described smog and is communicated with, to accept the described smog from described main chamber;

The afterburner chamber is communicated with described mixing chamber fluid;

The auxiliary burner member, be arranged in described gasifier, so that produce initial heating flame in first of described afterburner chamber vertically is provided with part, described burner member has allowance respectively to the fuel inlet and the air intake of described burner member fuel supplying and oxygen and control control assembly to described burner member fuel supplying and oxygen;

Partition wall is arranged between described mixing chamber and the described main chamber, and wherein said partition wall limits the described bottom boundary that shifts out mouth;

The hot transfer chamber that is communicated with described afterburner chamber fluid, wherein the heated air that flows from described afterburner chamber causes the heating of described hot transfer chamber;

Wherein, described main chamber has hot conductive base, and is superimposed upon in the described hot transfer chamber, and wherein said hot conductive base is arranged between them with spaced relation, so that permit the conduction and the Convective Heating of described main chamber;

Exhaust outlet is communicated with described hot transfer chamber fluid, so that described smog emission is arrived described surrounding environment;

At least one main auger across being arranged in the described main chamber, and links to each other with the sewage sludge feed bucket at first end, and links to each other with ash bucket at second end;

Driver part is used to rotate described at least one main auger, so as to drive biomass sludge by described main chamber pass through described hot conductive base from described sewage sludge feed bucket to described ash bucket; And

Wherein, described hot transfer chamber is positioned under described at least one main auger near its second end.

2. gasifier as claimed in claim 1 and incinerator, wherein, described biomass sludge through the time of staying of described main chamber when described sewage sludge feed bucket is passed to described ash bucket within scope 20 minutes to 3 hours.

3. gasifier as claimed in claim 1 or 2 and incinerator wherein, provide the accessory supplied of air or oxygen to described main chamber on the described main chamber side that is positioned at above the described hot transfer chamber.

4. as each described gasifier and incinerator in the claim 1 to 3, also comprise: the first liquid extraction chamber that is positioned at top, described main chamber and has heat transfer relation with it;

Auxiliary auger across being arranged in the described first liquid extraction chamber, and has the driver part that is used for driving biomass sludge between sewage sludge feed bucket and middle sewage sludge feed bucket, and it links to each other with described first end of described at least one main auger;

Thus, when the described biomass sludge of waiting to gasify and incinerate had high content liquid, at least a portion of described liquid was separated by the heat that is delivered to wherein from described main chamber in the described first liquid extraction chamber.

5. as each described gasifier and incinerator in the claim 1 to 4, also comprise: dividing wall, vertically be arranged in the described main chamber, and has height less than described main chamber, and wherein has an opening, described auger passes described opening, so that biomass sludge is driven into described ash bucket from described sewage sludge feed bucket.

6. gasifier as claimed in claim 1 and incinerator, wherein, described mixing chamber approximate vertical is provided with.

7. gasifier as claimed in claim 1 and incinerator, wherein, described burner member is arranged on the top of described mixing chamber.

8. gasifier as claimed in claim 1 and incinerator, wherein, the height of described partition wall is variable.

9. gasifier as claimed in claim 1 and incinerator, wherein, described afterburner chamber has vertically disposed first and horizontally disposed second portion.

10. gasifier as claimed in claim 9 and incinerator, wherein, the described vertically disposed first of described afterburner chamber is connected to the described horizontally disposed second portion of described afterburner chamber by 90 ° of turnings with the fluid mode of communicating.

11. gasifier as claimed in claim 10 and incinerator, wherein, described 90 ° of turnings have " diagonal angle, the angle " distance greater than the width of described afterburner chamber, increase the cross-sectional area of the described afterburner chamber at this some place thus effectively.

12. continuous gasification and the method for incinerating the living beings waste material, described living beings waste material be not more than 1cm with granular size and have 20% to 100% solids content, all the other are the sludge form of liquid, said method comprising the steps of:

A certain amount of biomass sludge is put into the sewage sludge feed bucket, and, a part of biomass sludge is introduced the main chamber of gasifier and incinerator by adopting auger to drive described biomass sludge through described main chamber;

Start the burner member be arranged in the described gasifier, so that produce initial heating flame, described initial heating flame is conducted through mixing chamber and only is vertically installed in afterburner indoor;

By described initial heating flame hot transfer chamber is heated at first, stop thus from described flame radiation directly to enter described main chamber;

In described main chamber, heat described biomass sludge, so that stop the physical perturbation of described biomass sludge except causing by described auger by conduction and Convective Heating only from described hot transfer chamber;

Smog is imported described mixing chamber from described biomass sludge;

Use is further heated described hot transfer chamber from the heat of the oxidation of described smog;

Take out described smog from described hot transfer chamber; And

More biomass sludge continuous feeds to first end of described auger, and are removed the powder ash from the ash bucket of second end that is positioned at described auger.

13. the method that gasifies and incinerate biomass sludge of being used to as claimed in claim 12, wherein, described initial heating flame guides by the mixing chamber of approximate vertical setting.

14. as claim 12 or the 13 described methods that gasify and incinerate biomass sludge of being used to, wherein, described burner member is arranged in the described gasifier, so that be arranged on the top of described mixing chamber.

15., wherein, described initial heating flame is directed to afterburner chamber with vertically disposed first and horizontally disposed second portion as the described method that gasifies and incinerate biomass sludge of being used to of in the claim 12 to 14 each.