CN101328434B - Dry coal powder airflow bed gasification furnace - Google Patents
Dry coal powder airflow bed gasification furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN101328434B CN101328434B CN 200810021324 CN200810021324A CN101328434B CN 101328434 B CN101328434 B CN 101328434B CN 200810021324 CN200810021324 CN 200810021324 CN 200810021324 A CN200810021324 A CN 200810021324A CN 101328434 B CN101328434 B CN 101328434B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
- Y02E20/18—Integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC], e.g. combined with carbon capture and storage [CCS]
Abstract
A dry coal dust entrained flow gasification furnace comprises the structure that: an outer wall is a vertical cylinder and the inner structure consists of an upper main gasification chamber and a lower chilling chamber; the main gasification chamber is horizontally provided with a coal dust-gasification agent nozzle, while the chilling chamber is provided with a chilling water atomization nozzle, a slag notch and a synthetic gas outlet. The dry coal dust entrained flow gasification furnace is characterized in that: the upper part of the main gasification chamber is provided with two first-stage coal dust nozzles of central opposite spray type and two first-stage gasification agent nozzles parallel to the first-stage coal dust nozzles and deflecting a certain distance opposite to each other; meanwhile, the middle part of the main gasification chamber is provided with two second-stage coal dust nozzles and two second-stage gasification agent nozzles in an identical mode; moreover, the first-stage coal dust nozzles are perpendicular to the central lines of the second-stage coal dust nozzles, and the rotation directions of gasification agents sprayed out by the first-stage gasification agent nozzles and the second-stage gasification agent nozzles are identical. The dry coal dust entrained flow gasification furnace realizes spatial gasification reaction and more even in-furnace temperature field, and in-furnace average temperature is 50 DEG C higher than ash fusion point; therefore, clinker can be smoothly discharged in liquid state, and safe and efficient gasification of coal dust is realized.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to gasification installation, specifically a kind of dry coal powder airflow bed gasification furnace.
Background technology:
Clean coal technology has become the great guardian technique of China's Coal Chemical Industry, industrial combustion gas and power industry technologies upgrading, and coal gasification is one of important directions of clean coal technology, is to be most important core technology in the chemical system of the energy with coal-based.Be main up till now, industrialized in the world coal gasifying process has tens kinds, can reduce three classes: the fixed bed gasification technology that with Lurgi is representative; Melting poly-with HTW (high temperature Winkler), ash is the fluidized bed gasifying process of representative; With Texaco, Shell, GSP is the entrained flow gasification technology of representative.The producing synthesis gas from coal of current integrated mill (or H
2) gasification technology generally admits is entrained flow gasification technology, has advantages such as the classes of compounds of processing is many, gasification efficiency is high, raw material consumption is low, device fabrication intensity is big.Wherein, dry coal powder pressurized air flow bed gasification technology, as technology such as Prenflo, Shell and GSP, have coal wide adaptability, divide advantages such as high, cold gas efficiency, the transformation efficiency height of carbon, single furnace capacity are big than oxygen consumption with than low, the effective pneumatolytic of coal consumption, be the developing direction of coal gasifying process technology, the very strong market competitiveness is arranged.
The characteristics of coal in China are, the ash fusion point height, and yield temperature accounts for about 50% of total reserves greater than 1400 ℃ coal; In addition, coal ash content is on average higher, and is average 23%, and the average ash content of steam coal reaches 25%, the average ash content of commercial steam coal even reach 27～28%.This high ash content high ash melting point (" two high ") coal is referred to as the coal of difficult gasification in the gasification field.The high ash melting point ash coal has very important effect in China's energy consumption structure, we can say that " two high " Coal Gasification Technology is only advanced Coal Gasification Technology truly.
The common method of improving the coal ash melting characteristic has the additive of use and coal blending.Use additive to change the coal ash melting characteristic and can cause ash oontent to increase to a certain extent, increased energy consumption." big nitrogenous fertilizer " (1999,22 (3): 154～156.) report, under same reaction conditions, ash content increases by 1%, and the oxygen consumption increases by 0.7%～0.8%, and coal consumption increases by 1.3%～1.5%.Also can improve the coal ash melting characteristic by coal blending." coal conversion " (2006,29 (1): 11～18.) high-ash-fusion coal A (FT=1397 ℃) is mixed with the coal blending sample with low-ash-fusion coal G (FT=1332 ℃) and B (FT=1171 ℃) by different proportionings respectively, measures its melting characteristic temperature under weak reducing atmosphere.Be under 1: 1 the proportioning, the coal blending ash fusion point of A and G has been reduced to 1370 ℃, and the coal blending ash fusion point of A and B has been reduced to 1280 ℃, and the A coal has reduced by 27 ℃, 117 ℃ respectively relatively.As seen, the nonlocal low-ash-fusion coal that the allocation and transportation of coal blending Technology Need are a large amount of, this has run counter to China and has developed the policy of Coal Chemical Industry on the spot, and does not have so a large amount of low-ash-fusion coals adjustable.
At high-ash-fusion coal, as typical " two high " coal---Huainan coal, joint study was all done by Huainan chemical industry group and domestic and international scientific research institutions of many families and gasification company, and the result still will add a certain amount of fusing assistant or adopt the coal blending technology." big nitrogenous fertilizer " (2005,28 (5): 317) report on dry coal powder pressurized entrained-bed GSP pilot plant, still needs to add just gasifiable processing Huainan coal of fusing assistant.
" high ash melting point coal seed gasification method and the devices thereof " that Chinese patent application numbers 200810019552.1 proposes are injected to coal dust in the oxidative airstream of high-temperature low-oxygen of high speed rotating, contacting with reaction of coal dust and oxygenant occurred in the whole swirling eddy, temperature is even in the stove, the heat of gasification load significantly improves, gasification reaction carries out in the space rather than on some peaks face, avoid producing the tongues of fire or torch, avoided traditional reaction local temperature too high; Simultaneously, the high speed rotating of material has increased coal dust and vaporized chemical contacting and the reaction times in stove in the stove, makes gasification reaction more complete, thereby helps further to improve gasification efficiency; Moreover, adopt the downward and stream mode of synthetic gas and melt cinder, the temperature of slag-drip opening is remained on more than the lime-ash yield temperature, and utilize the good rolling action of high-temperature synthesis gas the high viscosity slag, realized the slag tap of high ash melting point coal dust smoothly.But because the single coal dust radial nozzles enter material way that adopts makes the direct impinger oven inner bag of coal dust easily, and single vaporized chemical easily makes the gasification reaction zone depart from the vapourizing furnace center along the tangential nozzle rotation of circumference enter material way; In addition, the water vapour that the nozzle of hypomere sprays into reduces the temperature of synthetic gas rapidly, and will keep the slag tap of high ash melting point gasification, the medial temperature level of the body of heater epimere that must raise, and this will propose harsher requirement to the furnace internal-lining material.
Summary of the invention:
The present invention proposes a kind of dry coal powder airflow bed gasification furnace, to overcome the above-mentioned defective of prior art, makes the gasification reaction spatialization, temperature field in furnace is more even, more than 50 ℃, lime-ash is in a liquid state and discharges smoothly medial temperature, realizes safety, the high-efficiency gasification of high-ash-fusion coal a little more than ash fusion point in the stove.
Technical solution problem of the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of dry coal powder airflow bed gasification furnace, outer wall are upright cylinder, and internal structure is made of the main vaporizer of epimere and the shock chamber of hypomere; Main vaporizer level is provided with coal dust and vaporized chemical nozzle, and the shock chamber is provided with chilled water atomizing nozzle, slag notch and syngas outlet; It is characterized in that: arrange two centers one-level coal nozzle and two two one-level vaporized chemical nozzles that are parallel to the one-level coal nozzle and are offset certain distance in opposite directions on main vaporizer top the spray formula, and arrange each two at secondary coal nozzle and secondary vaporized chemical nozzle in the same manner at main vaporizer middle part, the medullary ray of one-level coal nozzle and secondary coal nozzle is perpendicular, and one-level vaporized chemical nozzle is identical with the sense of rotation of secondary vaporized chemical nozzle ejection vaporized chemical; And the big or small D1 of one-level vaporized chemical nozzle offset amount and the relation of main vaporizer internal diameter R satisfy
The big or small D2 of secondary vaporized chemical nozzle offset amount and the relation of main vaporizer internal diameter R satisfy
Characteristics of the present invention also are:
Described main vaporizer is a water wall structure, is gone along with sb. to guard him by coil tube type water wall, refractory insulating layer and outer wall from inside to outside to form.
Described shock chamber is a water wall structure, arranges around the portion that within it shell and tube water wall, slag notch are located at its bottom, and syngas outlet is located on its sidewall.
Described chilled water atomizing nozzle is the top that hoop circle of contact formula is arranged in the shock chamber, the imaginary circle radius that the atomized water of its ejection forms is less than main vaporizer outlet at bottom radius, and its sense of rotation is identical with the sense of rotation of one-level vaporized chemical, secondary vaporized chemical.
Compare with the prior art scheme, unusual effect of the present invention is embodied in:
The employing center has avoided using the coal dust that enter material way caused of single coal dust radial nozzles directly to clash into the vapourizing furnace inner bag to the coal nozzle of spray formula; Four vaporized chemical nozzles that adopt two-stage to be parallel to coal nozzle and skew in opposite directions rotate the low temperature gasification agent around vapourizing furnace, help protecting the vapourizing furnace inboard wall of furnace; The two-stage feeding is evenly distributed in the whole vapourizing furnace space coal dust under the drive of high speed vaporized chemical rotating jet, make gasification reaction also occur in the vapourizing furnace space thereupon, rather than on some peaks face, make more uniform temperature in the vapourizing furnace, realize the space gasification of high-ash-fusion coal, avoid the ultrahigh-temperature tongues of fire of conventional gasification mode or the appearance of torch, avoided traditional gasification reaction local temperature too high, thereby reduced top temperature and thermograde in the stove significantly; By regulating the feed rate of oxygenant, make in the stove medial temperature a little more than ash fusion point more than 50 ℃; On each grade nozzle horizontal plane, adopt two two vaporized chemical nozzles that are parallel to coal nozzle and are offset same distance in opposite directions, avoided using single vaporized chemical to depart from the vapourizing furnace center along the gasification reaction zone that the rotation enter material way of the tangential nozzle of circumference is caused; Simultaneously, this enter material way makes has increased coal dust and vaporized chemical contacting and the reaction times in stove by coal dust and vaporized chemical high speed rotating in stove, makes gasification reaction more complete, thereby helps further to improve gasification efficiency.In addition, adopt the downward and stream mode of synthetic gas and melt cinder, the temperature of slag-drip opening is remained on more than the lime-ash yield temperature, and utilize the good rolling action of high-temperature synthesis gas, realized the slag tap of high ash melting point coal dust smoothly the high viscosity slag.That this gasifying reactor has is simple in structure, handling ease, easy to operate, characteristics such as cost of investment is low, and, the effective pneumatolytic branch of the efficiency of carbon conversion of this vapourizing furnace, cold gas efficiency and synthetic gas (CO+H2) content height, products obtained therefrom can be used for that chemical industry is synthetic, coal gasification power generation, hydrogen manufacturing, synthetic liquid fuel, or the gas etc. that acts as a fuel.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of dry coal powder airflow bed gasification furnace embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the A-A sectional view of the embodiment of the invention 1 structural representation.
Fig. 3 is the B-B sectional view of the embodiment of the invention 1 structural representation.
Fig. 4 is the C-C sectional view of the embodiment of the invention 1 structural representation.
Number in the figure: 1 slag notch, 2 slag baths, 3 downtakes, 4 shell and tube water wall, 5 upcasts, 6 chilled water atomizing nozzles, 7 coil tube type water wall, 8 refractory insulating layers, 9 outer walls, 10 one-level vaporized chemical nozzles, 11 one-level coal nozzles, 12 secondary coal nozzles, 13 main vaporizers, 14 shock chambers, 15 syngas outlet, 16 secondary vaporized chemical nozzles.
Further specify the embodiment of a kind of dry coal powder airflow bed gasification furnace of the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Embodiment:
Referring to Fig. 1, vapourizing furnace outer wall 9 is upright cylinder, and internal structure is made of the main vaporizer 13 of epimere and the shock chamber 14 of hypomere.
The main vaporizer 13 of epimere is a water wall structure, is gone along with sb. to guard him by coil tube type water wall 7, refractory insulating layer 8 and outer wall 9 from inside to outside to form.Arrange two centers one-level coal nozzle 11 and two two one-level vaporized chemical nozzles 10 that are parallel to one-level coal nozzle 11 and are offset certain distance in opposite directions to the spray formula on main vaporizer 13 tops, see Fig. 2, the big or small D1 of one-level vaporized chemical nozzle 10 side-play amounts and the relation of main vaporizer 13 internal diameter R satisfy
Arrange secondary coal nozzle 12 and secondary vaporized chemical nozzle 16 each two in the same manner at main vaporizer 13 middle parts, see Fig. 3, the big or small D2 of secondary vaporized chemical nozzle 16 side-play amounts and the relation of main vaporizer 13 internal diameter R are satisfied
And one-level coal nozzle 11 is perpendicular with the medullary ray of secondary coal nozzle 12, and one-level vaporized chemical nozzle 10 is identical with the sense of rotation of secondary vaporized chemical nozzle 16 ejection vaporized chemicals.
The shock chamber 14 of hypomere also is a water wall structure, around the inside of outer wall 9, arrange shell and tube water wall 4,14 top is provided with and is the chilled water atomizing nozzle 6 that hoop circle of contact formula is arranged in the shock chamber, as Fig. 4, the nozzle number that present embodiment adopts is four, also can be three or five, six etc.; The circle of contact radius that the atomized water of chilled water atomizing nozzle 6 ejections forms is less than main vaporizer 13 outlet at bottom radiuses; The sense of rotation of chilled water is identical with the sense of rotation of one-level vaporized chemical, secondary vaporized chemical.Be provided with syngas outlet 15 on shock chamber's 14 sidewalls, the bottom is a slag bath 2, and the bottom is a slag notch 1.
During operation, coal dust and vaporized chemical one-level coal nozzle 11 and the one-level vaporized chemical nozzle 10 from the main vaporizer 13 respectively spray in the stove, the vaporized chemical of injecting at a high speed in the stove entrainments jet high-temperature flue gas all around rapidly, be subjected to the thermal radiation of high temperature furnace wall simultaneously, this makes that injecting pure oxygen is at a high speed diluted rapidly and sharply intensification, forms the vaporized chemical swirling eddy of high-temperature low-oxygen; Fierce head-on collision takes place after coal dust sprays at once, and turbulent diffusion heats up rapidly in the vaporized chemical swirling eddy of high-temperature low-oxygen rapidly.Temperature raises and to cause overflowing a large amount of volatile matters on the pulverized coal particle surface, and this volatile matter is in case contact the generation redox reaction of catching fire immediately with high-temperature oxygen molecule in the swirling eddy.
Secondary vaporized chemical nozzle 16 from the main vaporizer 13 sprays into high speed vaporized chemical in the stove and entrainments high-temperature flue gas around the jet too, form the vaporized chemical swirling eddy of high-temperature low-oxygen, and with the head-on collision of fierceness after the pulverized coal particle of turbulent diffusion take place violent mix and intensification, catch fire and redox reaction.Simultaneously, because secondary vaporized chemical nozzle 16 amount of bias are less, this vaporized chemical jet also makes the high temperature gas flow of descending spinning diffusion outside all around come back to the vapourizing furnace center, plays the effect of protection gasification stove internal wall.
The crude synthesis gas and the melt cinder that generate in main vaporizer 13 enter shock chamber 14 in the lump, and under the injection of the chilled water that is the distribution of circle of contact formula, cooling and generating gasification reduction reaction rapidly once more make the effective constituent of crude synthesis gas be further enhanced.Synthetic gas is drawn by syngas outlet on the sidewall 15, and melt cinder falls into slag bath 2 backs of bottom and discharged by slag notch 1 after Quench.
Claims (4)
1. dry coal powder airflow bed gasification furnace, outer wall (9) is upright cylinder, internal structure is made of the main vaporizer (13) of epimere and the shock chamber (14) of hypomere; Main vaporizer (13) level is provided with coal dust and vaporized chemical nozzle, and shock chamber (14) are provided with chilled water atomizing nozzle (6), slag notch (1) and syngas outlet (15); It is characterized in that: arrange two centers one-level coal nozzle (11) and two two one-level vaporized chemical nozzles (10) that are parallel to one-level coal nozzle (11) and are offset certain distance in opposite directions on main vaporizer (13) top the spray formula, and arrange each two at secondary coal nozzle (12) and secondary vaporized chemical nozzle (16) in the same manner at main vaporizer (13) middle part, one-level coal nozzle (11) is perpendicular with the medullary ray of secondary coal nozzle (12), and one-level vaporized chemical nozzle (10) is identical with the sense of rotation of secondary vaporized chemical nozzle (16) ejection vaporized chemical; And the relation of the big or small D1 of one-level vaporized chemical nozzle (10) side-play amount and main vaporizer (13) internal diameter R satisfies
The big or small D2 of secondary vaporized chemical nozzle (16) side-play amount and main vaporizer (13) internal diameter R relation satisfy
2. a kind of dry coal powder airflow bed gasification furnace as claimed in claim 1 is characterised in that described main vaporizer (13) is a water wall structure, is gone along with sb. to guard him by coil tube type water wall (7), refractory insulating layer (8) and outer wall (9) from inside to outside to form.
3. a kind of dry coal powder airflow bed gasification furnace as claimed in claim 1, be characterised in that described shock chamber (14) is water wall structure, arrange around the portion that within it shell and tube water wall (4), slag notch (1) are located at its bottom, syngas outlet (15) is located on its sidewall.
4. a kind of dry coal powder airflow bed gasification furnace as claimed in claim 1, be characterised in that described chilled water atomizing nozzle (6) is the top that hoop circle of contact formula is arranged in shock chamber (14), the imaginary circle radius that the atomized water of its ejection forms is less than main vaporizer (13) outlet at bottom radius, and its sense of rotation is identical with the sense of rotation of one-level vaporized chemical, secondary vaporized chemical.
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| CN 200810021324 CN101328434B (en) | 2008-07-17 | 2008-07-17 | Dry coal powder airflow bed gasification furnace |
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| CN 200810021324 CN101328434B (en) | 2008-07-17 | 2008-07-17 | Dry coal powder airflow bed gasification furnace |
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| CN101328434B true CN101328434B (en) | 2011-06-22 |
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| CN112503521B (en) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-09-03 | 西安交通大学 | Gasification coupling low NOx combustion system, low NOx combustion method and design method |
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