CN101080846B - 具智能天线的卫星通信用户装置及其方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种卫星通信用户装置,其包括:一智能型天线,用以产生天线波束,进而从至少一卫星接收信号;以及一接收器。接收器包含一质量度量模块,用以计算由各天线波束所接收信号的质量度量。波束选择器耦接至智能型天线,用以选择天线波束。天线导航算法模块可实施天线导航算法,以操作波束选择器,进而扫描天线波束、由接收器接收各个扫描天线波束的计算质量度量、并比较计算质量度量。另外,天线导航算法模块也可以基于比较结果选择一扫描天线波束,以从至少一卫星继续接收信号。
Description
技术领域
本发明有关于卫星通信用户装置。特别是,本发明是有关提供角度多样性,相对于经由卫星及/或地表中继器接收的信号,进而选择较佳信号来源的智能型天线。
背景技术
在卫星数字无线系统中,语音信号可以利用数字通信技术(诸如:数字调变及编码技术)进行数字化、并经由卫星传输。卫星数字无线系统可以提供传统调幅(AM)或调频(FM)模拟无线系统无法得到的好处。利用数字压缩技术,卫星数字无线系统可以提供高质量语音信号,即使在移动汽车内接收信号也是如此。一般而言,传统调幅(AM)或调频(FM)模拟无线系统并无可能达成高质量语音的重制。
然而,卫星数字无线接收的主要困扰是有关于多重路径衰减导致的信号减弱,其基本上是多重随机信号反射导致的无线信号水平变动。虽然基频数字传输技术(诸如:等化及调变技术)也可以降低多重路径衰减的负面影响,然而,信号减弱的现象却无法全然去除。
特别是,在卫星数字无线接收器系处于室内或大楼间狭窄巷道时,严重的信号减弱也可能会发生。经由轨道卫星接收的数字信号未必能以良好视线路径得到。有鉴于此,卫星发射信号的各种随机反射(也就是说,多重路径)便成为卫星数字无线接收器接收信号的唯一途径。
为降低信号减弱(诸如:多重路径衰减或其它类型信号阻隔)对于数字无线接收的负面影响,现有卫星数字无线系统可以采用数种传输冗余技术(统称为多样性技术)。第一种技术称为卫星空间多样性技术,其中,两组或多组卫星是经由彼此间隔的不同位置传输相同信号。第二种技术是称为频率多样性技术,其中,不同卫星是以不同频带传输相同信号。第三种技术是称为时间多样性技术,其中,不同卫星是于约略不同时间传输相同信号。另外,在难以到达区域内(诸如:密集城市中心),或在信号阻隔结构中(诸如:隧道),卫星数字无线信号可以利用地表中继器,并以分离频率进行传输。
现有用户装置天线系统是经常使用全方向性天线,其在可以经由卫星或地表中继器得到相对大视线信号的情况下显然有利。然而,在富有多重路径的环境中(诸如:大楼内部或密集城市区域的大楼间狭窄巷道),全方向性天线却无法发挥其接收信号的功效。单一固定波束天线并无法决定用来接收反射无线信号的最佳方向,且单一固定波束天线也无法瞄准以精确检测及接收特定方向的信号。
现有用户装置天线系统也经常使用常称为多样性天线的双组件天线。虽然双组件天线在特定情况下得以发挥接收信号的功效,不过,由于天线图案形成半球形侧瓣的对称特性,双组件天线也容易受到多路路径衰减的负面影响。另外,经由原点反向的反射信号接收与直接的原始信号接收也可能具有约略相同的功率耗费。也就是说,若原始信号经由预定接收器前后(相对于传送者)的对象反射、并经由相对方向(诚如直接接收的信号)反射回到预定接收器,则两信号间的相位差便可能会产生多重路径衰减的负面影响。
另外,现有用户装置天线系统也经常使用瞄准卫星的固定方向高增益天线(通常是户外天线)。由于固定方向高增益天线具有固定瞄准角度,固定方向高增益天线并无法适应富有多重路径的环境,其中,最佳信号也可能是非直接卫星路径方向的反射信号。
卫星数字无线接收的另一困扰是利用地表中继器重新传输的信号接收,其中,重新传输信号可能受到邻近传输系统干扰。虽然重新传输信号的频谱可以分离,不过,相邻信道仍可能会受到邻近传输工作站的干扰。有鉴于此,全方向性天线及双组件多样性天线并无法在富有多重路径的环境中发挥其接收信号的功效。
发明内容
有鉴于上述现有技术所存在的技术问题,本发明的主要目的是改善卫星通信用户装置在富有多重路径的环境中,经由卫星及/或地表中继器的传输信号接收。
本发明的目的、特征、优点可以利用卫星通信用户装置提供,其中,卫星通信用户装置包括:智能型天线,用以产生多个天线波束,借以经由至少一卫星接收信号;以及包括质量度量模块的接收器,用以计算各个天线波束接收信号的质量度量。
波束选择器可以耦接至智能型天线,借以选择多个天线波束。天线导航算法模块可以实施天线导航算法,借以操作波束选择器,进而扫描多个天线波束、经由接收器接收各个扫描天线波束的计算质量度量、并比较计算质量度量。天线导航算法可以基于比较结果选择某一扫描天线波束,借以经由至少一卫星信号继续接收信号。
计算质量度量可以与低质量度量临界值比较,且针对小于低质量度量临界值的计算质量度量,对应天线波束,在实施天线波束选择时可以忽略。计算质量度量可以包括接收信号的强度指针或接收信号的信号噪声比(SNR)。或者,计算质量度量也可以包括接收信号的误差率或数据吞吐量。
在第一较佳实施例中,多个天线波束可以包括多个方向性天线波束及全方向性天线波束。在第二较佳实施例中,多个天线波束可以包括正交极性波束,也就是说,线性天线波束或圆形天线波束。另外,第三较佳实施例系可以包括第一较佳实施例及第二较佳实施例的组合。
天线导航算法可以操作天线选择器,借以扫描多个天线波束。智能型可以包括切换波束天线、相位阵列天线、或提供可选择天线波束的任何其它天线架构(诸如:双正交极性天线或提供可选择线性天线波束及图形天线波束的天线)。
另外,天线导航算法可以操作波束选择器,借以在扫描多个方向性天线波束以前选择全方向性天线波束,及借以经由接收器接收全方向性天线波束接收信号的计算质量度量,及借以比较计算质量度量及扫描临界值,进而决定是否扫描多个方向性天线波束。
另外,天线导航算法可以操作波束选择器,借以循序选择全部或部分天线波束,进而经由接收器接收全部或部分天线波束接收信号的计算质量度量,及借以比较计算质量度量及扫描临界值,进而决定应该扫描那些天线波束。
智能型天线的好处是可以同时在方位方向及仰角方向产生方向性天线波束。由于智能型天线也可以经由至少一地表中继器接收信号,智能型天线也可以容许波束选择器选择方位方向及仰角方向的方向性天线波束,进而经由至少一地表中继器接收信号,且智能型天线也可以容许波束选择器选择方位方向及仰角方向的方向性天线波束,进而经由至少一卫星接收信号。
另外,卫星通信用户装置还可以包括:传输器,用以传输智能型天线的信号。另外,天线导航算法也可以在扫描期间操作波束选择器,借此,仅有部分天线波束会基于至少一卫星的已知方向进行扫描。
借由同时提供方位方向及仰角方向的非对称方向性及其导致的角度多样性,本发明卫星通信用户装置非但可以解决单元件全方向性天线无法得到信号多样性的问题,同时也可以解决无法对抗随机多重路径衰减的问题,其中,随机多重路径衰减是导因于双组件多样性天线系统的固定对称波束图案。另外,天线波束也可以导航远离不想要的干扰器(诸如:邻近广播信号)、并导航面对想要的传输器来源。
本发明的另一特征是有关于操作卫星通信用户装置的方法,如先前所述。这种方法包括下列步骤:操作波束选择器,借以扫描多个天线波束;经由接收器接收各个扫描天线波束的计算质量度量;比较计算质量度量;以及基于比较结果选择某一扫描天线波束,进而经由卫星或地表中继器继续接收信号。
附图说明
图1是表示卫星数字无线系统的示意图,其中,卫星数字无线系统包括本发明的卫星通信用户装置;
图2是表示图1卫星通信用户装置的方块图;
图3是表示操作图1卫星通信用户装置的流程图;
图4是表示图1智能型天线的第一较佳实施例的示意图;
图5是表示图4智能型天线的另一较佳实施例的示意图,其中,智能型天线包括可独立调整的反应性负载组件,借以提供方位方向的方向性及导航性天线波束;
图6是表示图5地面的部分侧视图,其中,可变反应性负载插入其平行平板中间,借以提供仰角方向的天线波束导航;
图7是表示图1智能型天线的示意图,其中,智能型天线包括供给一对阵列的谢尔顿—布特乐(Shelton-Butler)矩阵;以及
图8是表示图7智能型天线产生方位方向及仰角方向的方向性天线波束的三维示意图。
具体实施方式
随后,本发明配合附图、并利用本发明较佳实施例详细说明如下。本发明,然而,也可以具有不同形式的较佳实施例,且应不仅限于本发明说明的较佳实施例。相对于此,本发明较佳实施例的揭示是尽可能充分及完整,借以使熟悉此技术者能够正确了解本发明的范围。在本发明较佳实施例中,相同符号表示本发明各个较佳实施例的相同组件,另外,斜撇符号是表示本发明各个较佳实施例的类似组件。
首先,请参考图1及2,其表示一种卫星数字无线系统10。这种卫星数字无线系统10系包括单一或多个卫星12,借以传输数字无线信号至卫星通信装置,诸如:卫星通信用户装置16。卫星通信用户装置16可以是移动式卫星通信用户装置或固定式卫星通信用户装置。另外,地表中继器14也可以用来传输数字无线信号。卫星通信用户装置16可以利用基于用户的智能型天线18进行操作。智能型天线18可以是切换波束天线或相位阵列天线,其将会详细说明如下。
卫星通信用户装置16及智能型天线18是兼容于至少一种数字无线卫星(举例来说,诸如:Sirus数字无线卫星、XM数字无线卫星、或WorldSpace数字无线卫星)。当经由任意数字无线卫星接收数字无线信号时,卫星通信用户装置16只需要操作于唯收(receive-only)模式。然而,在双向卫星通信系统中,卫星通信用户装置16也可以传输信号至卫星12及/或地表中继器14,如熟悉此技术者所知悉。
由于卫星通信用户装置16是操作于大楼20内部,其可能会导致富有多重路径信号的环境。在本发明较佳实施例中,卫星12相对于卫星通信用户装置16可以具有大约45至60度的仰角。经由两颗卫星12的天线波束22可以利用不同角度,将传输信号指向大楼20内部。另外,经由卫星12的信号可以经由全方向性天线波束或方位方向性天线波束24,利用地表中继器14重新传输至大楼20内部。
在大楼20内部及在卫星通信用户装置16四周,传输信号的多个反射信号路径26可以绘制出来,也就是说,卫星通信用户装置16可能会在接收信号时遭遇多重路径衰减。另外,在本发明较佳实施例中,智能型天线18可以产生方向性天线波束28,借以基于多重路径反射信号,进而接收最佳信号。
经由卫星12的信号可以提供空间多样性、借由使用不同频带提供频率多样性、及借由使用时间延迟提供时间多样性。在本发明其它较佳实施例中,卫星12及地表中继器14可以操作于共享频谱(举例来说,利用时分多任务(TDM))或操作于不同频谱(举例来说,利用频分多任务(FDM))。现有卫星系统可以使用时分多任务/四阶相移键控(TDM-QPSK)调变技术以进行卫星信号传输。另外,地表中继器14可以使用时分多任务/编码正交频分多任务(TDM-COFDM)调变技术以进行地表信号重新传输。
智能型天线18产生的天线波束可以包括方向性天线波束30及全方向性天线波束32。除此以外,天线波束也可以包括正交极性天线波束,也就是说,线性天线波束或圆形天线波束。智能型天线18可以包括相位阵列天线或切换波束天线。除此以外,智能型天线18也可以包括提供可选择天线波束的任何其它天线架构(诸如:双正交极性天线或提供可选择线性天线波束及图形天线波束的天线)。
另外,卫星通信用户装置16可以包括波束选择器40,耦接于智能型天线18,借以选择方向性天线波束30及全方向性天线波束32。当智能型天线18为相位阵列天线时,不止一组方向性天线波束可以于同一时间产生。
收发器42耦接于波束选择器40,借以经由卫星12及地表中继器14接收信号。天线导航算法模块44可以实施天线导航算法46,借以决定提供最佳接收能力的天线波束。提供最佳接收能力的选择天线波束可以对应于卫星12或地表中继器14。由于天线波束也可以具有不同极性,最佳天线波束的选择也可以基于提供最佳接收能力的极性。
天线导航算法模块44可以与收发器42及波束选择器40分离,如先前所述。除此以外,天线导航算法模块44也可以放置于收发器42及波束选择器40内部,其是熟悉此技术者所能轻易达成。另外,天线导航算法46可以操作波束选择器40,借以扫描方向性天线波束30及全方向性天线波束32,进而经由卫星12及地表中继器14接收信号。
收发器42内部的质量度量模块48可以计算各个扫描天线波束接收信号的质量度量,随后,计算质量度量可以利用天线导航算法46进行比较。基于比较结果,某一扫描天线波束便可以选择,借以经由卫星12或地表中继器14继续接收信号。由于扫描天线波束可以具有不同极性,因此,计算质量度量的决定也可以基于不同极性的接收信号。
另外,计算质量度量也可以与低质量度量进行比较,且当计算质量度量小于低质量度量时,对应天线波束,在实施天线波束选择时,便可以忽略。另外,计算质量度量也可以是信号质量度量。
信号质量度量可以包括接收信号的接收信号强度指针(RSSI)或信号噪声比(SNR)。或者,计算质量度量也可以是连结质量度量,诸如:接收信号的数据吞吐量及误差率。除此以外,计算质量度量也可以是任意信号质量度量及任意连结质量度量的组合。
图3是表示智能型天线18的操作方法的流程图。图3的操作方法可以由方块60开始。随后,方块62可以选择全方向性天线波束32,借以开始接收传输信号。接着,经由全方向性天线波束32接收信号的质量度量可以计算,且计算质量度量可以与扫描临界值进行比较(方块64)。随后,方块66可以决定是否实施方向性天线波束30的扫描。在智能型天线18无法产生全方向性天线波束32的情况中,则某个方向性天线波束30便可以选择并使用。
若扫描决定是肯定的,则方块68便可以扫描方向性天线波束30,且方块70便可以计算各个扫描天线波束30接收信号的质量度量。随后,方块72便可以比较计算质量度量。
在方向性天线波束30扫描以后,方块74便可以实施另一决定,借以决定计算质量度量是否已经最佳化。若智能型天线18为切换波束天线,则最佳化的扫描天线波束可以选择为能够接收最高质量度量信号的扫描天线波束。
除此以外,计算质量度量也可以与低质量度量临界值比较,如先前所述。
针对小于低质量度量临界值的计算质量度量,对应天线波束,在实施天线波束选择时,可以忽略。
若智能型天线18为相位阵列天线、切换波束天线、或同步多重极性天线,则不止一组方向性天线波束可以于同一时间产生。在这种情况中,多重天线波束可以于同一时间产生,借以完成不同多重路径信号的接收。最佳化的质量度量可以基于接收最高质量度量信号的相位对准选择天线波束。由于接收信号分别具有相位及振幅的向量信号,接收信号也可以彼此相加或彼此相减,如熟悉此技术者所能轻易达成。在卫星12及地表中继器14操作于相同信道的情况中,这种情况尤其明显。
举例来说,接收最高质量度量信号的扫描天线波束也可以进一步最佳化,若智能型天线18同时也可以接收两组其它天线波束的信号(举例来说),其中,这两组其它天线波束的信号可以与最高质量度量信号相加(而非相减)。根据能够产生的天线波束数目,预定天线波束组合便可以任意实施,借以决定对准接收多重路径信号的组合相位。
当质量度量已经最佳化以后,方块76便可以选择某个方向性天线波束,且,对应卫星12或地表中继器14也可以继续通信。随后,方块78可以决定是否需要重新扫描天线波束。重新扫描系可以基于计时的周期性重新扫描,或,重新扫描也可以基于经由选择天线波束的接收信号是否小于重新扫描临界值。在部分情况中,方块80可能需要重新设定智能型天线18、并重新开始全方向性天线波束32。举例来说,卫星通信用户装置16可能会先关闭而后再重新开启,或卫星通信用户装置16可以会穿越隧道而需要经由地表中继器14重新接收信号。最后,图3的操作方法可以结束于方块82。
利用相位阵列智能型天线于同一时间产生多重天线波束的另一优点在于不同信道分别提供给不同卫星12及地表中继器14使用的情况。举例来说,某一卫星12可以传输信号于信道1;另一卫星12可以传输信号于信道2;且地表中继器14可以传输信号于信道3。借由于同一时间产生三组天线波束,各组天线波束可以指向个别来源,且基于计算质量度量,提供最高质量度量信号的天线波束可以选择。除此以外,搜寻或扫描的方向性天线波束30也可以是基于卫星12及地表中继器14已知方向的有限集合。
智能型天线18的各种较佳实施例将会配合图4至8详细说明如下。智能型天线18的一种较佳实施例可以包括四组天线组件90、92,分别放置于平坦三角地面94,如图4所示。在图4中,三组天线组件90可以放置于平坦三角地面94的转角,且另一天线组件92可以放置于平坦三角地面94的中心点。平坦三角地面94的形状及天线组件90、92的数目可以根据应用领域而有所变动,如熟悉此技术者已知。
在切换波束天线的形式中,外部天线组件90是被动式天线组件,且,中央天线组件92是主动式天线组件。被动式天线组件90可以与主动式天线组件92同时作动,进而形成一个被动式天线组件阵列。为改变放射图案,被动式天线组件90的终端阻抗可以切换,进而改变通过被动式天线组件90的电流。举例来说,当利用接脚二极管短路至平坦三角地面94时,被动式天线组件90可以变成反射器。除此以外,当被动式天线组件90未短路至平坦三角地面94时,被动式天线组件90对于天线特征的影响是极为有限。
在另一较佳实施例中,天线组件90、92全部是主动式天线组件,且天线组件90、92可以利用独立调整的相位平移器进行组合,借以提供相位阵列天线。在这种较佳实施例中,多重方向性天线波束及仰角方向的全方向性天线波束可以产生。
基本上,相位阵列天线可以包括多个天线组件及相同数目减一的可调整相位平移器,其中,各个可调整相位平移器耦接至某一天线组件。相位平移器可以独立地调整(也就是说,可程序),借以影响欲在各个天线组件上接收/传输的下行连结/上行连结信号相位。
除此以外,加总电路也可以耦接至各个相位平移器,借以提供经由卫星通信用户装置16的个别上行连结信号至各个相位平移器,进而达成经由卫星通信用户装置16的通信。另外,加总电路也可以接收及组合各个相位平移器的个别下行连结信号,借以得到欲提供给卫星通信用户装置16的接收下行连接信号。
另外,相位平移器可以独立地调整,借以影响卫星通信用户装置16于各个天线组件上接收的下行连结信号相位。借由调整下行连结信号相位,智能型天线18可以提供接收信号及未经由类似方向传输信号(也就是说,卫星通信用户装置16未预期下行连结信号)的拒绝。
图5表示智能型天线18的另一种较佳实施例,其中,放置于平坦三角地面94’转角的三组天线组件90’,在天线组件的上半901’及下半902’,分别具有可独立调整的反应性负载组件。这种较佳实施例可以提供方向方向及/或仰角方向的多个天线波束。
可独立调整的反应性负载组件可以包括,举例来说,变容器或可机械插入的无线阻塞组件,借以于天线组件上提供非对称性负载。如此,形成天线波束可以具有仰角方向。
图6表示地面94″的另一种较佳实施例,其中,可变边缘阻抗96″可以插入地面94″的两组平行平板100″、102″中间。可变边缘阻抗96″可以是变容器负载,借以控制边缘阻抗,也就是说,借以控制产生天线波束仰角方向的上下倾斜角度。多重反应性负载可以放置于地面94″,借以模拟连续电抗墙面,且不同位置的电抗数值可以变化,借以使波束倾斜角度同时成为方位角度的函数。
图7表示智能型天线18的另一种较佳实施例,其中,成列的仰角方向谢尔顿—布特乐(Shelton-Bulter)矩阵120可以提供两组或更多堆栈圆型阵列122,借以产生图8所示的隔离狭窄仰角宽度波束124。除此以外,各个堆栈圆形阵列122也可以利用两组谢尔顿—布特乐(Shelton-Bulter)矩阵130前后排列地提供,借此,天线波束可以成为定义铅笔波束。在这种较佳实施例中,方位波束分布可以具有3-dB交叉,且仰角波束可以具有不同交叉数值。如此,最终波束便可以提供高区别性多重天线显示图案,其不仅是在方位方向、且同时也在仰角方向。接着,经由连接端口选择,波束方向便可以电性改变。
当智能型天线18架构为相位阵列天线时,为适应于卫星12或地表中继器14的各种相对导向,波束选择器40可以具有控制器,耦接至各个可调整相位平移器。控制器可以决定各个相位平移器的最佳相位设定。各个组件的适当相位,举例来说,可以监控时分多任务/四阶相移键控(TDM-QPSK)调变技术中(在卫星传输的情况中)或时分多任务/编码正交频分多任务(TDM-COFDM)调变技术中(在地表中继器传输的情况中)传输时分多任务(TDM)导航信号的最佳响应而加以决定。如此,智能型天线18可以具有波束形成器的动作,借以达成经由收发器42的信号传输,且智能型天线18也可以具有方向性天线的动作,借以达成利用收发器42的信号接收。
经由使用可程序相位阵列天线组件,在上行连结通信中,天线装置约可以将各个传输位的有效传输功率增加5至12dB,其大小应取决于天线组件的数目N。如此,卫星通信用户装置16的传输功率可以有效降低,而不需要牺牲任何上行连结通信的质量。另外,当应用于接收模式时,下行连结通信的接收信号质量,也就是说,无线语音信号的感知质量,也可以获得改善。
当应用于室内或其它富有多重路径的环境,其中,来自卫星连结的直接视线路径或极微弱或不可得,智能型天线18的方向性可以经由多重反射无线路径收集有用能量,借以在富有多重路径的艰困环境中达成高接收质量。除此以外,智能型天线18的方向性也可以让卫星通信用户装置16压缩来自特定方向的不必要或不想要干扰,进而改善理想连结的无线信号接收质量。
相对于先前所述智能型天线18的物理实施方式,在全部N组天线组件中,前N-1组天线组件可以放置于等边多角形的对应转角,且最后一组天线组件可以放置于等边多角形地面的中央。全部N组天线组件可以正交对准于多角形定义平面。在这种较佳实施例中,智能型天线可以显出多个天线波束,其在方位方向可供辨别为方向性天线波束或全方向性天线波束,且其在仰角方向是基本上相同的。
另外,应用高增益方向性天线波束,当数字无线信号传输器(也就是说,卫星12或地表中继器14)及卫星通信用户装置16间存在清晰的视线无线路径时,无线信号连结质量可以显著改善。特别是,本发明提供的方向性并不限于方位方向、同时也可以延伸至仰角方向,借此,经由同步卫星接收信号的卫星通信用户装置的无线信号接收质量也可以最佳化。
熟悉此技术者,在了解本发明说明及其附图以后,可能就本发明各种较佳实施例进行各种修改及变动。有鉴于此,本发明的保护范围应不限于特定较佳实施例,且本发明各种较佳实施例的修改及变动也应该包含于本发明的保护范围内,如下列本申请权利要求范围所示。
Claims (24)
1.一种卫星通信用户装置,其包括:
一切换波束天线,包含主动式天线元件及多个被动式天线元件,用以产生多个天线波束,以经由至少一卫星接收信号,且所述多个天线波束的至少一部分具有不同极性;
一接收器,具有一质量度量模块,用以计算由各天线波束所接收信号的一质量度量;
一波束选择器,耦接于该切换波束天线,用以基于所述多个被动式天线元件的选择性改变终端阻抗选择所述多个天线波束;以及
一天线导航算法模块,用以实施一天线导航算法,进而:
操作该波束选择器,以基于该至少一卫星的已知方向扫描所述多个天线波束的一部分;
经由该接收器接收各扫描天线波束的所述计算质量度量;
比较所述计算质量度量;以及
基于该比较选择所述扫描天线波束的其一,以从该至少一卫星继续接收信号。
2.如权利要求1所述的卫星通信用户装置,其特征在于,将所述计算质量度量与一低质量度量临界值比较,且针对小于该低质量度量临界值的计算质量度量而言,与其关联的对应天线波束,在实施天线波束选择时予以忽略。
3.如权利要求1所述的卫星通信用户装置,其特征在于,所述不同极性包括线性极性及圆形极性的至少其一。
4.如权利要求1所述的卫星通信用户装置,其特征在于,所述计算质量度量包括所述接收信号的一接收信号强度指针及一信号噪声比的至少其一。
5.如权利要求1所述的卫星通信用户装置,其特征在于,所述计算质量度量包括所述接收信号的一误差率及一数据吞吐量的至少其一。
6.如权利要求1所述的卫星通信用户装置,其特征在于,所述多个天线波束包括多个方向性天线波束及一全方向性天线波束。
7.如权利要求6所述的卫星通信用户装置,其特征在于,该天线导航算法操作该波束选择器,以扫描所述多个方向性天线波束。
8.如权利要求7所述的卫星通信用户装置,其特征在于,该天线导航算法操作该波束选择器,以在扫描所述多个方向性天线波束以前选择该全方向性天线波束,及由该接收器接收一计算质量度量以用于由该全方向性天线波束所接收的信号;以及
比较该计算质量度量及一扫描临界值,用以决定是否需要扫描所述多个方向性天线波束。
9.如权利要求1所述的卫星通信用户装置,其特征在于,所述多个天线波束仅包括多个方向性天线波束。
10.如权利要求1所述的卫星通信用户装置,其特征在于,该切换波束天线产生一方位方向及一仰角方向的方向性天线波束。
11.如权利要求10所述的卫星通信用户装置,其特征在于,该切换波束天线从至少一地表中继器接收信号,且其中,该波束选择器选择该方位方向的所述方向性天线波束,以从该至少一地表中继器接收信号,及选择该仰角方向的所述方向性天线波束,以经由该至少一卫星接收信号。
12.如权利要求1所述的卫星通信用户装置,其特征在于还包括一传输器,用以从该切换波束天线传输信号。
13.一种卫星通信用户装置,其包括:
一相位阵列天线,包含多个主动式天线元件,所述主动式天线元件用以产生一方位方向及一仰角方向的多个方向性天线波束,所述多个方向性天线波束用以从一卫星及一地表中继器中至少其一接收信号,且所述多个天线波束的至少一部分具有不同极性;
一收发器,具有一质量度量模块,用以计算由各方向性天线波束所接收信号的一质量度量;
一波束选择器,耦接于该相位阵列天线,用以基于选择性调整与各主动式天线元件相关的相位而选择该方位方向及该仰角方向的所述多个天线波束;以及
一天线导航算法模块,用以实施一天线导航算法,进而:
操作该波束选择器,以基于该至少一卫星的已知方向扫描所述多个方向性天线波束的一部分;
由该收发器接收各扫描天线波束的所述计算质量度量;
比较所述计算质量度量;以及
基于该比较选择在该方位方向或仰角方向中所述扫描方向性天线波束的其一,以从该卫星或该地表中继器继续接收信号。
14.如权利要求13所述的卫星通信用户装置,其特征在于,将所述计算质量度量与一低质量度量临界值比较,且针对小于该低质量度量临界值的计算质量度量而言,与其相关联的对应天线波束,在实施天线波束选择时予以忽略。
15.如权利要求13所述的卫星通信用户装置,其特征在于,所述计算质量度量包括所述接收信号的一接收信号强度指针及一信号噪声比的至少其一。
16.如权利要求13所述的卫星通信用户装置,其特征在于,所述计算质量度量包括所述接收信号的一误差率及一数据吞吐量中至少其一。
17.如权利要求13所述的卫星通信用户装置,其特征在于,该相位阵列天线产生一全方向性天线波束,且其中,该天线导航算法操作该波束选择器,以在扫描所述多个方向性天线波束以前选择该全方向性天线波束,及用以:
由该收发器接收由该全方向性天线波束所接收信号的一计算质量度量;以及
比较该计算质量度量与一扫描临界值,以决定是否需要扫描所述多个方向性天线波束。
18.一种用于操作卫星通信用户装置的操作方法,其中,该卫星通信用户装置包括一切换波束天线,该切换波束天线包含主动式天线元件及多个被动式天线元件,用以产生多个天线波束,进而从至少一卫星接收信号;一接收器,具有一质量度量模块,用以计算由各天线波束所接收信号的一质量度量;一波束选择器,耦接于该切换波束天线;以及一天线导航算法模块,用以实施一天线导航算法,该操作方法包括:
操作该波束选择器,以基于该至少一卫星的已知方向扫描所述多个天线波束的一部分,所述扫描是基于所述多个被动式天线元件的选择性改变终端阻抗;
从该接收器接收各扫描天线波束的所述计算质量度量;
比较所述计算质量度量;以及
基于该比较选择所述扫描天线波束的其一,以从该至少一卫星继续接收信号。
19.如权利要求18所述的方法,其特征在于,将所述计算质量度量与一低质量度量临界值比较,且针对小于该低质量度量临界值的计算质量度量而言,与其关联的对应天线波束,在实施天线波束选择时予以忽略。
20.如权利要求18所述的方法,其特征在于,所述计算质量度量包含所述接收信号的一接收信号强度指针、一信号噪声比、所述接收信号的一误差率及一数据吞吐量的至少其一。
21.如权利要求18所述的方法,其特征在于,所述多个天线波束包括多个方向性天线波束及一全方向性天线波束。
22.如权利要求21所述的方法,其特征在于,该天线导航算法操作该波束选择器,以在扫描所述多个方向性天线波束以前选择该全方向性天线波束,该方法还包括:
由该接收器接收由该全方向性天线波束所接收信号的一计算质量度量;以及
比较该计算质量度量及一扫描临界值,以决定是否需要扫描所述多个方向性天线波束。
23.如权利要求18所述的方法,其特征在于,该切换波束天线产生一方位方向及一仰角方向中的方向性天线波束。
24.如权利要求23所述的方法,其特征在于,该切换波束天线从至少一地表中继器接收信号,且其中,该波束选择器选择该方位方向中的所述方向性天线波束,以从该至少一地表中继器接收信号,及该波束选择器选择该仰角方向中的所述方向性天线波束以从该至少一卫星接收信号。
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Also Published As
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TW200608630A (en) | 2006-03-01 |
US7633442B2 (en) | 2009-12-15 |
EP1766722A4 (en) | 2007-07-11 |
US20050285784A1 (en) | 2005-12-29 |
EP1766722A2 (en) | 2007-03-28 |
TW200633306A (en) | 2006-09-16 |
JP2008502226A (ja) | 2008-01-24 |
WO2005122328A3 (en) | 2007-04-26 |
WO2005122328A2 (en) | 2005-12-22 |
CN101080846A (zh) | 2007-11-28 |
JP4542141B2 (ja) | 2010-09-08 |
TWI307191B (en) | 2009-03-01 |
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