CN101007803A - 用作新的组蛋白脱乙酰化酶抑制剂的哌嗪基、哌啶基和吗啉基衍生物 - Google Patents
用作新的组蛋白脱乙酰化酶抑制剂的哌嗪基、哌啶基和吗啉基衍生物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101007803A CN101007803A CNA2007100052129A CN200710005212A CN101007803A CN 101007803 A CN101007803 A CN 101007803A CN A2007100052129 A CNA2007100052129 A CN A2007100052129A CN 200710005212 A CN200710005212 A CN 200710005212A CN 101007803 A CN101007803 A CN 101007803A
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- C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
- C07D413/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
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- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
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- A61K31/402—1-aryl substituted, e.g. piretanide
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- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
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Abstract
本发明涉及具有组蛋白脱乙酰化酶抑制酶催活性的新的式(I)化合物,其中t、R1、R2、L、Q、X、Y、Z和(a)具有在说明书中定义的含义;所述化合物的制备;包含所述化合物的组合物,和所述化合物作为药物的应用。
Description
本申请是申请号为03805921.5、申请日为2003年3月11日的专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及具有组蛋白脱乙酰化酶(HDAC)抑制酶催活性的化合物。本发明还涉及制备所述化合物的方法,包含所述化合物的组合物,和所述化合物在体外和体内抑制HDAC中的应用,以及所述化合物作为药物,例如作为抑制增殖性病症例如癌症和牛皮癣的药物的应用。
背景技术
在所有真核细胞中,染色质中的基因组DNA与组蛋白结合以形成核小体。每个核小体均由蛋白八聚体组成,蛋白八聚体由两个拷贝的各组蛋白H2A、H2B、H3和H4组成。DNA沿着该蛋白核心缠绕,其中组蛋白的碱性氨基酸与DNA的带负电荷的磷酸酯基团相互作用。这些核心组蛋白的最常见翻译后修饰是保守的高碱性N-末端赖氨酸残基的ε-氨基的可逆乙酰化。稳态组蛋白乙酰化是由在竞争性组蛋白乙酰转移酶(们)与组蛋白脱乙酰化酶(们)(在本文中称为“HDAC”)之间的动态平衡建立的。人们很早以前就已将组蛋白乙酰化和脱乙酰化与转录控制联系起来。最近通过克隆编码不同组蛋白乙酰转移酶与组蛋白脱乙酰化酶的基因而给组蛋白乙酰化与转录控制之间的联系提供了可能的解释。组蛋白的可逆乙酰化可导致染色质改型,从而作为基因转录的控制机制。一般情况下,组蛋白的高度乙酰化促进基因表达,而组蛋白脱乙酰化与转录抑制有关。据表明组蛋白乙酰转移酶起转录辅激活物的作用,而经发现组蛋白脱乙酰化酶属于转录抑制途径。
组蛋白乙酰化与脱乙酰化之间的动态平衡对于正常细胞生长是必不可少的。抑制组蛋白脱乙酰化酶导致细胞周期停止、细胞分化、细胞程序死亡和转化的表型发生逆转。因此,HDAC抑制剂可在细胞增殖性疾病或病症中具有很大的治疗潜力(Marks等人,Nature Reviews:Cancer 1:194-202,2001)。
组蛋白脱乙酰化本酶(HDAC)抑制剂的研究表明,这些酶的确在细胞增殖和分化中起重要作用。抑制剂曲古抑菌素A(TSA)引起细胞周期在G1和G2期停止,恢复不同细胞系的转化表型,并且诱导Friend白血病细胞和其它细胞分化.据报道TSA(和辛二酰苯胺异羟肟酸SAHA)能抑制细胞生长,诱导终末分化,和防止在小鼠中形成肿瘤(Finnin等人,Nature,401:188-193,1999)。
还据报道,曲古抑菌素A可用于治疗纤维变性例如肝纤维变性和肝硬化(Geerts等人,欧洲专利申请EP0827742,于1998年3月11日出版)。
2001年5月31日出版的专利申请WO01/38322公开了通式Cy-L1-Ar-Y1-C(O)-NH-Z所示的组蛋白脱乙酰化酶抑制剂,提供了用于治疗细胞增殖疾病和病症的组合物和方法。
2001年9月27日出版的专利申请WO01/70675公开了式Cy2-Cy1-X-Y1-W和Cy-S(O)2-NH-Y3-W所示的组蛋白脱乙酰化酶抑制剂,并且还提供了用于治疗细胞增殖疾病和病症的组合物和方法。
所要解决的问题是提供具有高酶催活性,并且还表现出有利性质例如细胞活性和提高的生物利用度,优选口服生物利用度,具有很小的或不具有副作用的组蛋白脱乙酰化酶抑制剂。
发明内容
本发明的新化合物解决了上述问题。本发明化合物与现有技术在结构上不同。
本发明化合物表现出优良的体外组蛋白脱乙酰化酶抑制酶催活性。本发明化合物具有关于细胞活动的有利性质,以及在G1和G2关卡上抑制细胞周期进行的特定性质(p21诱导能力)。本发明化合物表现出良好的代谢稳定性和高生物利用度,它们特别表现出口服生物利用度。
本发明涉及式(I)化合物
其N-氧化物形式、可药用加成盐和立体化学异构体形式,其中t是0、1、2、3或4,并且当t是0时,则为直接的键;
每个Y是氮或
每个Z是-NH-、-O-或-CH2-;
R1是-C(O)NR3R4、-NHC(O)R7、-C(O)-C1-6烷二基SR7、-NR8C(O)N(OH)R7、-NR8C(O)C1-6烷二基SR7、-NR8C(O)C=N(OH)R7或另一Zn-鳌合基,其中R3和R4分别独立地选自氢、羟基、C1-6烷基、羟基C1-6烷基、氨基C1-6烷基或氨基芳基;
R7是氢、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷基羰基、芳基C1-6烷基、C1-6烷基吡嗪基、吡啶酮、吡咯烷酮或甲基咪唑基;
R8是氢或C1-6烷基;
R2是氢、羟基、氨基、羟基C1-6烷基、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、芳基C1-6烷基、氨基羰基、羟基羰基、氨基C1-6烷基、氨基羰基C1-6烷基、羟基羰基C1-6烷基、羟基氨基羰基、C1-6烷氧基羰基、C1-6烷基氨基C1-6烷基或二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基;
-L是选自下列的二价基团:-NR9C(O)-、-NR9SO2-或-NR9CH2-,其中R9是氢、C1-6烷基、C3-10环烷基、羟基C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基C1-6烷基或二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基;
是选自下列的基团:
其中每个s独立地为0、1、2、3、4或5;
每个R5和R6独立地选自氢;卤素;羟基;氨基;硝基;三卤代C1-6烷基;三卤代C1-6烷氧基;C1-6烷基;被芳基和C3-10环烷基取代的C1-6烷基;C1-6烷氧基;C1-6烷氧基C1-6烷氧基;C1-6烷基羰基;C1-6烷氧基羰基;C1-6烷基磺酰基;氰基C1-6烷基;羟基C1-6烷基;羟基C1-6烷氧基;羟基C1-6烷基氨基;氨基C1-6烷氧基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基羰基;二(羟基C1-6烷基)氨基;(芳基)(C1-6烷基)氨基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷氧基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基氨基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基氨基C1-6烷基;芳基磺酰基;芳基磺酰基氨基;芳氧基;芳氧基C1-6烷基;芳基C2-6链烯二基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基(C1-6烷基)氨基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基(C1-6烷基)氨基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基;氨基磺酰基氨基(C1-6烷基)氨基;氨基磺酰基氨基(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基磺酰基氨基(C1-6烷基)氨基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基磺酰基氨基(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基;氰基;噻吩基(thiophenyl);被下列基团取代的噻吩基(thiophenyl):二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基、二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基、C1-6烷基哌嗪基C1-6烷基、羟基C1-6烷基哌嗪基C1-6烷基、羟基C1-6烷氧基C1-6烷基哌嗪基C1-6烷基、二(C1-6烷基)氨基磺酰基哌嗪基C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基哌啶基、C1-6烷氧基哌啶基C1-6烷基、吗啉基C1-6烷基、羟基C1-6烷基(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基或二(羟基C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基;呋喃基;被羟基C1-6烷基取代的呋喃基;苯并呋喃基;咪唑基;唑基;被芳基和C1-6烷基取代的唑基;C1-6烷基三唑基;四唑基;吡咯烷基;吡咯基;哌啶基C1-6烷氧基;吗啉基;C1-6烷基吗啉基;吗啉基C1-6烷氧基;吗啉基C1-6烷基;吗啉基C1-6烷基氨基;吗啉基C1-6烷基氨基C1-6烷基;哌嗪基;C1-6烷基哌嗪基;C1-6烷基哌嗪基C1-6烷氧基;哌嗪基C1-6烷基;萘基磺酰基哌嗪基;萘基磺酰基哌啶基;萘基磺酰基;C1-6烷基哌嗪基C1-6烷基;C1-6烷基哌嗪基C1-6烷基氨基;C1-6烷基哌嗪基C1-6烷基氨基C1-6烷基;C1-6烷基哌嗪基磺酰基;氨基磺酰基哌嗪基C1-6烷氧基;氨基磺酰基哌嗪基;氨基磺酰基哌嗪基C1-6烷基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基磺酰基哌嗪基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基磺酰基哌嗪基C1-6烷基;羟基C1-6烷基哌嗪基;羟基C1-6烷基哌嗪基C1-6烷基;C1-6烷氧基哌啶基;C1-6烷氧基哌啶基C1-6烷基;哌啶基氨基C1-6烷基氨基;哌啶基氨基C1-6烷基氨基C1-6烷基;(C1-6烷基哌啶基)(羟基C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基氨基;(C1-6烷基哌啶基)(羟基C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基氨基C1-6烷基;羟基C1-6烷氧基C1-6烷基哌嗪基;羟基C1-6烷氧基C1-6烷基哌嗪基C1-6烷基;(羟基C1-6烷基)(C1-6烷基)氨基;(羟基C1-6烷基)(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基;羟基C1-6烷基氨基C1-6烷基;二(羟基C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基;吡咯烷基C1-6烷基;吡咯烷基C1-6烷氧基;吡唑基;硫代吡唑基;被两个选自C1-6烷基或三卤代C1-6烷基的取代基取代的吡唑基;吡啶基;被C1-6烷氧基、芳氧基或芳基取代的吡啶基;嘧啶基;四氢嘧啶基哌嗪基;四氢嘧啶基哌嗪基C1-6烷基;喹啉基;吲哚;苯基;被1、2或3个独立地选自下列的取代基取代的苯基:卤素、氨基、硝基、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、羟基C1-4烷基、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基、羟基C1-4烷氧基、C1-4烷基磺酰基、C1-4烷氧基C1-4烷氧基、C1-4烷氧基羰基、氨基C1-4烷氧基、二(C1-4烷基)氨基C1-4烷氧基、二(C1-4烷基)氨基、二(C1-4烷基)氨基羰基、二(C1-4烷基)氨基C1-4烷基、二(C1-4烷基)氨基C1-4烷基氨基C1-4烷基、二(C1-4烷基)氨基(C1-4烷基)氨基、二(C1-4烷基)氨基(C1-4烷基)氨基C1-4烷基、二(C1-4烷基)氨基C1-4烷基(C1-4烷基)氨基、二(C1-4烷基)氨基C1-4烷基(C1-4烷基)氨基C1-4烷基、氨基磺酰基氨基(C1-4烷基)氨基、氨基磺酰基氨基(C1-4烷基)氨基C1-4烷基、二(C1-4烷基)氨基磺酰基氨基(C1-4烷基)氨基、二(C1-4烷基)氨基磺酰基氨基(C1-4烷基)氨基C1-6烷基、氰基、哌啶基C1-4烷氧基、吡咯烷基C1-4烷氧基、氨基磺酰基哌嗪基、氨基磺酰基哌嗪基C1-4烷基、二(C1-4烷基)氨基磺酰基哌嗪基、二(C1-4烷基)氨基磺酰基哌嗪基C1-4烷基、羟基C1-4烷基哌嗪基、羟基C1-4烷基哌嗪基C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基哌啶基、C1-4烷氧基哌啶基C1-4烷基、羟基C1-4烷氧基C1-4烷基哌嗪基、羟基C1-4烷氧基C1-4烷基哌嗪基C1-4烷基、(羟基C1-4烷基)(C1-4烷基)氨基、(羟基C1-4烷基)(C1-4烷基)氨基C1-4烷基、二(羟基C1-4烷基)氨基、二(羟基C1-4烷基)氨基C1-4烷基、呋喃基、被-CH=CH-CH=CH-取代的呋喃基、吡咯烷基C1-4烷基、吡咯烷基C1-4烷氧基、吗啉基、吗啉基C1-4烷氧基、吗啉基C1-4烷基、吗啉基C1-4烷基氨基、吗啉基C1-4烷基氨基C1-4烷基、哌嗪基、C1-4烷基哌嗪基、C1-4烷基哌嗪基C1-4烷氧基、哌嗪基C1-4烷基、C1-4烷基哌嗪基C1-4烷基、C1-4烷基哌嗪基C1-4烷基氨基、C1-4烷基哌嗪基C1-4烷基氨基C1-6烷基、四氢嘧啶基哌嗪基、四氢嘧啶基哌嗪基C1-4烷基、哌啶基氨基C1-4烷基氨基、哌啶基氨基C1-4烷基氨基C1-4烷基、(C1-4烷基哌啶基)(羟基C1-4烷基)氨基C1-4烷基氨基、(C1-4烷基哌啶基)(羟基C1-4烷基)氨基C1-4烷基氨基C1-4烷基、吡啶基C1-4烷氧基、羟基C1-4烷基氨基、羟基C1-4烷基氨基C1-4烷基、二(C1-4烷基)氨基C1-4烷基氨基、氨基噻二唑基、氨基磺酰基哌嗪基C1-4烷氧基或噻吩基C1-4烷基氨基;
每个R5和R6可在氮上以替代氢;
上述芳基是苯基,或被一个或多个分别独立地选自卤素、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、三氟甲基、氰基或羟基羰基的取代基取代的苯基。
术语“组蛋白脱乙酰化酶抑制剂”或“组蛋白脱乙酰化酶的抑制剂”是指能够与组蛋白脱乙酰化酶相互作用并抑制其活性,更具体来说其酶催活性的化合物。抑制组蛋白脱乙酰化酶的酶催活性是指降低组蛋白脱乙酰化酶将乙酰基从组蛋白上除去的能力。这样的抑制优选是特异性的,即组蛋白脱乙酰化酶抑制剂降低组蛋白脱乙酰化酶将乙酰基从组蛋白上除去的能力时所需的浓度低于产生某些其它不相关的生物作用时所需的抑制剂的浓度。
如在上文定义和下文中使用的卤素通指氟、氯、溴和碘;C1-4烷基定义具有1-4个碳原子的直链和支链饱和烃基,例如甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、1-甲基乙基、2-甲基丙基等;C1-6烷基包括C1-4烷基和具有5-6个碳原子的其更高级同系物,例如戊基、2-甲基丁基、己基、2-甲基戊基等;C1-6烷二基定义具有1-6个碳原子的二价直链和支链饱和烃基,例如亚甲基、1,2-乙烷二基、1,3-丙烷二基、1,4-丁烷二基、1,5-戊烷二基、1,6-己烷二基及其支链异构体例如2-甲基戊烷二基、3-甲基戊烷二基、2,2-二甲基丁烷二基、2,3-二甲基丁烷二基等;三卤代C1-6烷基定义含有3个相同或不同的卤素取代基的C1-6烷基,例如三氟甲基;C2-6链烯二基定义含有一个双键并且具有2-6个碳原子的二价直链和支链烃基,例如乙烯二基、2-丙烯二基、3-丁烯二基、2-戊烯二基、3-戊烯二基、3-甲基-2-丁烯二基等;氨基芳基定义被被氨基取代的芳基;C3-10环烷基包括具有3-10个碳原子的环状烃基,例如环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环戊烯基、环己基、环己烯基、环庚基、环辛基等。
术语“另一Zn-鳌合基”是指能够与可在酶催结合位点存在的Zn离子相互作用的基团。
可药用加成盐包括可药用酸加成盐和可药用碱加成盐。上述可药用酸加成盐是指包含式(I)化合物能够形成的有治疗活性的无毒的酸加成盐形式。具有碱性的式(I)化合物可通过用合适的酸处理所述碱形式而转化成其可药用酸加成盐。合适的酸包括例如无机酸,如氢卤酸例如盐酸或氢溴酸;硫酸;硝酸;磷酸等类似酸;或有机酸例如乙酸、三氟乙酸、丙酸、羟基乙酸、乳酸、丙酮酸、草酸、丙二酸、琥珀酸(即丁二酸)、马来酸、富马酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸、苯磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、环己烷氨基磺酸、水杨酸、对氨基水杨酸、扑酸等类似酸。具有酸性的式(I)化合物可通过用合适的有机或无机碱处理所述酸形式而转化成其可药用碱加成盐。合适的碱盐形式包括例如铵盐、碱金属盐和碱土金属盐,例如锂盐、钠盐、钾盐、镁盐、钙盐等,与有机碱例如苄星、N-甲基-D-葡糖胺、哈胺形成的盐,以及与氨基酸例如精氨酸、赖氨酸等形成的盐。术语“酸或碱加成盐”还包括式(I)化合物能够形成的水合物和溶剂加成形式。这样的形式的实例是例如水合物、醇化物等。
本文所用术语“式(I)化合物的立体化学异构体形式”定义由通过相同键顺序键合的相同原子构成,但是具有不可互换的不同三维结构的式(I)化合物可能具有的所有可能化合物。除非另外提及或指出,化合物的化学命名包括所述化合物可能具有的所有可能的立体化学异构体形式的混合物。所述混合物可包含所述化合物的基本分子结构的所有非对映体和/或对映体。纯形式或彼此混合物形式的式(I)化合物的所有立体化学异构体形式都包括在本发明范围内。
式(I)化合物的N-氧化物形式是指包含这样的式(I)化合物,其中一个或几个氮原子被氧化成所谓的N-氧化物,特别是其中一个或多个哌啶、哌嗪或哒嗪基的氮被N-氧化那些N-氧化物。
某些式(I)化合物还可以以其互变异构体形式存在。虽然这样的形式没有在上文的式中明确指出,但是它们也包括在本发明范围内。
当在下文中使用时,术语“式(I)化合物”也包括可药用加成盐以及所有的立体异构体形式。
本文所用术语“组蛋白脱乙酰化酶”和“HDAC”是指能够将乙酰基从在组蛋白N-末端的赖氨酸残基的ε-氨基上除去的任何一个酶家族。除非在上下文中另有说明,否则术语“组蛋白”是指任何组蛋白,包括任何种类的H1、H2A、H2B、H3、H4和H5。人HDAC蛋白或基因产物包括但不限于HDAC-1、HDAC-2、HDAC-3、HDAC-4、HDAC-5、HDAC-6、HDAC-7、HDAC-8、HDAC-9和HDAC-10。组蛋白脱乙酰化酶还可以源自原生动物或真菌来源。
第一组值得关注的化合物由定义如下的那些式(I)化合物组成,其中施以一个或多个下列限定:
a)t是0或1;
c)每个X是氮;
d)R1是-C(O)NH(OH);
e)R2是氢、羟基、C1-6烷基或芳基C1-6烷基;
f)-L-是选自-NHC(O)-或-NHSO2-的二价基团;
h)每个s独立地为0或1;
i)每个R5独立地选自氢或苯基。
第二组值得关注的化合物由定义如下的式(I)化合物组成,其中施以一个或多个下列限定:
a)t是1;
b)每个Q是
c)每个X是氮;
d)每个Y是氮;
e)每个Z是-O-或-CH2-;
f)R1是-C(O)NH(OH);
g)R2是氢;
h)-L-是选自-NHC(O)-或-NHSO2-的二价基团;
j)每个s独立地为0或1;
k)每个R5独立地选自氢或苯基。
第三组值得关注的化合物由其中R1是-C(O)NH(OH)的式(I)化合物组成。
第四组值得关注的化合物由其中R1是-C(O)NH(OH),且R2是氢的式(I)化合物组成。
第五组值得关注的化合物由定义如下的式(I)化合物组成,其中施以一个或多个下列限定:
a)t是0;
b)R1是-C(O)NR3R4、-C(O)-C1-6烷二基SR7、-NR8C(O)N(OH)R7、-NR8C(O)C1-6烷二基SR7、-NR8C(O)C=N(OH)R7或另一Zn-鳌合基,其中R3和R4分别独立地选自氢、羟基、羟基C1-6烷基或氨基C1-6烷基;
c)R2是氢、羟基、氨基、羟基C1-6烷基、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、芳基C1-6烷基、氨基羰基、氨基C1-6烷基、C1-6烷基氨基C1-6烷基或二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基;
d)-L-是选自-NHC(O)-或-NHSO2-的二价基团;
e)
是选自下列的基团:(a-1)、(a-3)、(a-4)、(a-5)、(a-6)、(a-7)、(a-8)、(a-9)、(a-10)、(a-11)、(a-12)、(a-13)、(a-14)、(a-15)、(a-16)、(a-17)、(a-18)、(a-19)、(a-20)、(a-21)、(a-22)、(a-23)、(a-24)、(a-25)、(a-26)、(a-28)、(a-29)、(a-30)、(a-31)、(a-32)、(a-33)、(a-34)、(a-35)、(a-36)、(a-37)、(a-38)、(a-39)、(a-40)、(a-41)、(a-42)、(a-44)、(a-45)、(a-46)、(a-47)、(a-48)或(a-51);
f)每个s独立地为0、1、2、3或4;
g)R5是氢;卤素;羟基;氨基;硝基;三卤代C1-6烷基;三卤代C1-6烷氧基;C1-6烷基;C1-6烷氧基;C1-6烷基羰基;C1-6烷氧基羰基;C1-6烷基磺酰基;羟基C1-6烷基;芳氧基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基;氰基;噻吩基(thiophenyl);呋喃基;被羟基C1-6烷基取代的呋喃基;苯并呋喃基;咪唑基;唑基;被芳基和C1-6烷基取代的的唑基;C1-6烷基三唑基;四唑基;吡咯烷基;吡咯基;吗啉基;C1-6烷基吗啉基;哌嗪基;C1-6烷基哌嗪基;羟基C1-6烷基哌嗪基;C1-6烷氧基哌啶基;吡唑基;被一个或两个选自C1-6烷基或三卤代C1-6烷基的取代基取代的吡唑基;吡啶基;被C1-6烷氧基、芳氧基或芳基取代的吡啶基;嘧啶基;喹啉基;吲哚;苯基;或被一个或两个独立地选自卤素、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基或三氟甲基的取代基取代的苯基;
h)R6是氢;卤素;羟基;氨基;硝基;三卤代C1-6烷基;三卤代C1-6烷氧基;C1-6烷基;C1-6烷氧基;C1-6烷基羰基;C1-6烷氧基羰基;C1-6烷基磺酰基;羟基C1-6烷基;芳氧基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基;氰基;吡啶基;苯基;或被一个或两个独立地选自卤素、C1-5烷基、C1-6烷氧基或三氟甲基的取代基取代的苯基。
第六组值得关注的化合物由定义如下的式(I)化合物组成,其中施以一个或多个下列限定:
a)R3和R4分别独立地选自氢、羟基、羟基C1-6烷基、氨基C1-6烷基或氨基芳基;
b)
是选自下列的基团:(a-1)、(a-2)、(a-3)、(a-4)、(a-5)、(a-6)、(a-7)、(a-8)、(a-9)、(a-10)、(a-11)、(a-12)、(a-13)、(a-14)、(a-15)、(a-16)、(a-17)、(a-18)、(a-19)、(a-20)、(a-21)、(a-22)、(a-23)、(a-24)、(a-25)、(a-26)、(a-27)、(a-28)、(a-29)、(a-30)、(a-31)、(a-32)、(a-33)、(a-34)、(a-35)、(a-36)、(a-37)、(a-38)、(a-39)、(a-40)、(a-41)、(a-42)、(a-43)或(a-44);
c)每个R5和R6独立地选自氢;卤素;羟基;氨基;硝基;三卤代C1-6烷基;三卤代C1-6烷氧基;C1-6烷基;C1-6烷氧基;C1-6烷氧基C1-6烷氧基;C1-6烷基羰基;C1-6烷基磺酰基;氰基C1-4烷基;羟基C1-6烷基;羟基C1-6烷氧基;羟基C1-6烷基氨基;氨基C1-6烷氧基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基羰基;二(羟基C1-6烷基)氨基;芳基(C1-6烷基)氨基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷氧基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基氨基;芳基磺酰基;芳基磺酰基氨基;芳氧基;芳基C2-6链烯二基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基;氰基;噻吩基(thiophenyl);被下列基团取代的噻吩基:二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基、二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基、C1-6烷基哌嗪基C1-6烷基或二(羟基C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基;呋喃基;咪唑基;C1-6烷基三唑基;四唑基;吡咯烷基;哌啶基C1-6烷氧基;吗啉基;C1-6烷基吗啉基;吗啉基C1-6烷氧基;吗啉基C1-6烷基;C1-6烷基哌嗪基;C1-6烷基哌嗪基C1-6烷氧基;C1-6烷基哌嗪基C1-6烷基;C1-6烷基哌嗪基磺酰基;氨基磺酰基哌嗪基C1-6烷氧基;氨基磺酰基哌嗪基;氨基磺酰基哌嗪基C1-6烷基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基磺酰基哌嗪基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基磺酰基哌嗪基C1-6烷基;羟基C1-6烷基哌嗪基;羟基C1-6烷基哌嗪基C1-6烷基;C1-6烷氧基哌啶基;C1-6烷氧基哌啶基C1-6烷基;羟基C1-6烷氧基C1-6烷基哌嗪基;羟基C1-6烷氧基C1-6烷基哌嗪基C1-6烷基;(羟基C1-6烷基)(C1-6烷基)氨基;(羟基C1-6烷基)(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基;吡咯烷基C1-6烷氧基;吡唑基;硫代吡唑基;被两个选自C1-6烷基或三卤代C1-6烷基的取代基取代的吡唑基;吡啶基;被C1-6烷氧基或芳基取代的吡啶基;嘧啶基;喹啉基;吲哚;苯基;被1、2或3个独立地选自下列的取代基取代的苯基:卤素、氨基、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、羟基C1-4烷基、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基、羟基C1-4烷氧基、C1-4烷氧基C1-4烷氧基、氨基C1-4烷氧基、二(C1-4烷基)氨基C1-4烷氧基、二(C1-4烷基)氨基、二(C1-4烷基)氨基C1-4烷基、二(C1-4烷基)氨基C1-4烷基(C1-4烷基)氨基C1-4烷基、哌啶基C1-4烷氧基、吡咯烷基C1-4烷氧基、氨基磺酰基哌嗪基、氨基磺酰基哌嗪基C1-4烷基、二(C1-4烷基)氨基磺酰基哌嗪基、二(C1-4烷基)氨基磺酰基哌嗪基C1-4烷基、羟基C1-4烷基哌嗪基、羟基C1-4烷基哌嗪基C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基哌啶基、C1-4烷氧基哌啶基C1-4烷基、羟基C1-4烷氧基C1-4烷基哌嗪基、羟基C1-4烷氧基C1-4烷基哌嗪基C1-4烷基、(羟基C1-4烷基)(C1-4烷基)氨基、(羟基C1-4烷基)(C1-4烷基)氨基C1-4烷基、吡咯烷基C1-4烷氧基、吗啉基C1-4烷氧基、吗啉基C1-4烷基、C1-4烷基哌嗪基、C1-4烷基哌嗪基C1-4烷氧基、C1-4烷基哌嗪基C1-4烷基、羟基C1-4烷基氨基、二(羟基C1-4烷基)氨基、二(C1-4烷基)氨基C1-4烷基氨基、氨基噻二唑基、氨基磺酰基哌嗪基C1-4烷氧基或噻吩基C1-4烷基氨基。
一组优选的化合物由定义如下的式(I)化合物组成,其中R3和R4分别独立地选自氢、羟基、羟基C1-6烷基、氨基C1-6烷基或氨基芳基;是选自下列的基团:(a-1)、(a-2)、(a-3)、(a-4)、(a-5)、(a-6)、(a-7)、(a-8)、(a-9)、(a-10)、(a-11)、(a-12)、(a-13)、(a-14)、(a-15)、(a-16)、(a-17)、(a-18)、(a-19)、(a-20)、(a-21)、(a-22)、(a-23)、(a-24)、(a-25)、(a-26)、(a-27)、(a-28)、(a-29)、(a-30)、(a-31)、(a-32)、(a-33)、(a-34)、(a-35)、(a-36)、(a-37)、(a-38)、(a-39)、(a-40)、(a-41)、(a-42)、(a-43)或(a-44);
每个R5和R6独立地选自氢;卤素;羟基;氨基;硝基;三卤代C1-6烷基;三卤代C1-6烷氧基;C1-6烷基;C1-6烷氧基;C1-6烷氧基C1-6烷氧基;C1-6烷基羰基;C1-6烷基磺酰基;氰基C1-6烷基;羟基C1-6烷基;羟基C1-6烷氧基;羟基C1-6烷基氨基;氨基C1-6烷氧基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基羰基;二(羟基C1-6烷基)氨基;芳基(C1-6烷基)氨基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷氧基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基氨基;芳基磺酰基;芳基磺酰基氨基;芳氧基;芳基C2-6链烯二基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基;氰基;噻吩基;被下列基团取代的噻吩基:二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基、二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基、C1-6烷基哌嗪基C1-6烷基或二(羟基C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基;呋喃基;咪唑基;C1-6烷基三唑基;四唑基;吡咯烷基;哌啶基C1-6烷氧基;吗啉基;C1-6烷基吗啉基;吗啉基C1-6烷氧基;吗啉基C1-6烷基;C1-6烷基哌嗪基;C1-6烷基哌嗪基C1-6烷氧基;C1-6烷基哌嗪基C1-6烷基;C1-6烷基哌嗪基磺酰基;氨基磺酰基哌嗪基C1-6烷氧基;氨基磺酰基哌嗪基;氨基磺酰基哌嗪基C1-6烷基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基磺酰基哌嗪基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基磺酰基哌嗪基C1-6烷基;羟基C1-6烷基哌嗪基;羟基C1-6烷基哌嗪基C1-6烷基;C1-6烷氧基哌啶基;C1-6烷氧基哌啶基C1-5烷基;羟基C1-6烷氧基C1-6烷基哌嗪基;羟基C1-6烷氧基C1-6烷基哌嗪基C1-6烷基;(羟基C1-6烷基)(C1-6烷基)氨基;(羟基C1-6烷基)(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基;吡咯烷基C1-6烷氧基;吡唑基;硫代吡唑基;被两个选自C1-6烷基或三卤代C1-6烷基的取代基取代的吡唑基;吡啶基;被C1-6烷氧基或芳基取代的吡啶基;嘧啶基;喹啉基;吲哚;苯基;被1、2或3个独立地选自下列的取代基取代的苯基:卤素、氨基、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、羟基C1-4烷基、三氟甲基、三氟甲氧基、羟基C1-4烷氧基、C1-4烷氧基C1-4烷氧基、氨基C1-4烷氧基、二(C1-4烷基)氨基C1-4烷氧基、二(C1-4烷基)氨基、二(C1-4烷基)氨基C1-4烷基、二(C1-4烷基)氨基C1-4烷基(C1-4烷基)氨基C1-4烷基、哌啶基C1-4烷氧基、吡咯烷基C1-4烷氧基、氨基磺酰基哌嗪基、氨基磺酰基哌嗪基C1-4烷基、二(C1-4烷基)氨基磺酰基哌嗪基、二(C1-4烷基)氨基磺酰基哌嗪基C1-4烷基、羟基C1-4烷基哌嗪基、羟基C1-4烷基哌嗪基C1-4烷基、C1-4烷氧基哌啶基、C1-4烷氧基哌啶基C1-4烷基、羟基C1-4烷氧基C1-4烷基哌嗪基、羟基C1-4烷氧基C1-4烷基哌嗪基C1-4烷基、(羟基C1-4烷基)(C1-4烷基)氨基、(羟基C1-4烷基)(C1-4烷基)氨基C1-4烷基、吡咯烷基C1-4烷氧基、吗啉基C1-4烷氧基、吗啉基C1-4烷基、C1-4烷基哌嗪基、C1-4烷基哌嗪基C1-4烷氧基、C1-4烷基哌嗪基C1-4烷基、羟基C1-4烷基氨基、二(羟基C1-4烷基)氨基、二(C1-4烷基)氨基C1-4烷基氨基、氨基噻二唑基、氨基磺酰基哌嗪基C1-4烷氧基或噻吩基C1-4烷基氨基。
另一组优选的化合物由定义如下的式(I)化合物组成,其中t是0;R1是-C(O)NR3R4、-C(O)-C1-6烷二基SR7、-NR8C(O)N(OH)R7、-NR8C(O)C1-6烷二基SR7、-NR8C(O)C=N(OH)R7或另一Zn-鳌合基,其中R3和R4分别独立地选自氢、羟基、羟基C1-6烷基或氨基C1-6烷基;R2是氢、羟基、氨基、羟基C1-6烷基、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基、芳基C1-6烷基、氨基羰基、氨基C1-6烷基、C1-6烷基氨基C1-6烷基或二(C1-6烷基)氨基C1-6烷基;
-L-是选自-NHC(O)-或-NHSO2-的二价基团;
是选自下列的基团:(a-1)、(a-3)、(a-4)、(a-5)、(a-6)、(a-7)、(a-8)、(a-9)、(a-10)、(a-11)、(a-12)、(a-13)、(a-14)、(a-15)、(a-16)、(a-17)、(a-18)、(a-19)、(a-20)、(a-21)、(a-22)、(a-23)、(a-24)、(a-25)、(a-26)、(a-28)、(a-29)、(a-30)、(a-31)、(a-32)、(a-33)、(a-34)、(a-35)、(a-36)、(a-37)、(a-38)、(a-39)、(a-40)、(a-41)、(a-42)、(a-44)、(a-45)、(a-46)、(a-47)、(a-48)或(a-51);
每个s独立地为0、1、2、3或4;
R5是氢;卤素;羟基;氨基;硝基;三卤代C1-6烷基;三卤代C1-6烷氧基;C1-6烷基;C1-6烷氧基;C1-6烷基羰基;C1-6烷氧基羰基;C1-6烷基磺酰基;羟基C1-6烷基;芳氧基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基;氰基;噻吩基;呋喃基;被羟基C1-6烷基取代的呋喃基;苯并呋喃基;咪唑基;唑基;被芳基和C1-6烷基取代的唑基;C1-6烷基三唑基;四唑基;吡咯烷基;吡咯基;吗啉基;C1-6烷基吗啉基;哌嗪基;C1-6烷基哌嗪基;羟基C1-6烷基哌嗪基;C1-6烷氧基哌啶基;吡唑基;被一个或两个选自C1-6烷基或三卤代C1-6烷基的取代基取代的吡唑基;吡啶基;被C1-6烷氧基或芳基取代的吡啶基;嘧啶基;喹啉基;吲哚;苯基;或被一个或两个独立地选自卤素、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基或三氟甲基的取代基取代的苯基;且
R6是氢;卤素;羟基;氨基;硝基;三卤代C1-6烷基;三卤代C1-6烷氧基;C1-6烷基;C1-6烷氧基;C1-6烷基羰基;C1-6烷氧基羰基;C1-6烷基磺酰基;羟基C1-6烷基;芳氧基;二(C1-6烷基)氨基;氰基;吡啶基;苯基;或被一个或两个独立地选自卤素、C1-6烷基、C1-6烷氧基或三氟甲基的取代基取代的苯基。
另一组优选的化合物由定义如下的式(I)化合物组成,其中t是0或1;每个Q是
每个X是氮;R1是-C(O)NH(OH);R2是氢、羟基、C1-6烷基或芳基C1-6烷基;-L-是选自-NHC(O)-或-NHSO2-的二价基团;
是选自(a-1)或(a-20)的基团;每个s独立地为0或1;并且每个R5独立地选自氢或苯基。
一组更优选的化合物由定义如下的式(I)化合物组成,其中t是1;每个Q是
每个X是氮;每个Y是氮;每个Z是-O-或-CH2-;R1是-C(O)NH(OH);R2是氢;-L-是选自-NHC(O)-或-NHSO2-的二价基团;
是选自(a-1)或(a-20)的基团;每个s独立地为0或1;并且每个R5独立地选自氢或苯基。
最优选的化合物是化合物No4、No10、No8、No6、No1、No12和No14。
式(I)化合物与其可药用盐和N-氧化物及其立体化学异构体形式可通过常规方法制得。一般合成途径包括例如:
a)其中R1是-C(O)NH(OH)的式(I)异羟肟酸类,所述化合物称为式(I-a)化合物,可通过将式(II)中间体与合适的酸例如三氟乙酸反应来制得。所述反应在合适的溶剂例如甲醇中进行。
b)式(II)中间体可这样制得:将式(III)中间体与式(IV)中间体在合适的试剂例如N′-(乙基碳化亚氨酰基)-N,N-二甲基-1,3-丙二胺一盐酸盐(EDC)和1-羟基-1H-苯并三唑(HOBT)存在下反应。该反应可在合适的溶剂例如DCM与THF的混合物中进行。
c)式(III)中间体可通过将式(V)中间体与合适的碱例如NaOH在合适的溶剂例如乙醇存在下反应来制得。
式(I)化合物还可以使用固相合成技术方便地制得。固相合成通常包括将合成中的中间体与聚合物载体反应。之后可在多个合成步骤中使用聚合物负载的中间体。每个步骤之后,将树脂过滤,用各种溶剂洗涤其多次以除去杂质。在每个步骤,可将树脂裂解,以在下一个步骤中与多种不同中间体反应,由此可合成大量化合物。在该合成的最后一个步骤,用试剂处理树脂或将树脂加工,以把树脂从样本上裂解下来。关于固相化学中使用的技术的更详细解释描述在例如“TheCombinatorial Index”(B.Bunin,Academic Press)和Novabiochem’s 1999Catalogue & Peptide Synthesis Handbook(Novabiochem AG,Switzerland)中,二者均引入本文以供参考。
式(I)化合物和某些中间体在其结构中具有至少一个立体异构(stereogenic)中心。该立体异构中心可以呈R或S构型。
如在上述方法中制得的式(I)化合物通常是对映体的外消旋混合物,可以按照本领域已知的拆分方法将其彼此分离。通过与合适的手性酸反应可将外消旋的式(I)化合物转化成相应的非对映异构盐形式。然后可将所述非对映异构盐形式分离,例如通过选择性或分级结晶来进行分离,并且用碱将对映体释放出来。分离对映体形式的式(I)化合物的另一种方法是使用手性固定相的液相色谱法。所述纯的立体化学异构体形式还可以通过条件是发生立体有择反应,由相应的立体化学纯的异构体形式的适当原料制得。优选地,如果希望获得特定的立体异构体,通过立体有择制备方法合成所述化合物。这些方法可有利地使用对映体纯的原料。
式(I)化合物及其可药用酸加成盐和立体异构形式具有有价值的药理性质,因为它们具有组蛋白脱乙酰化酶(HDAC)抑制作用。
本发明提供了抑制细胞,包括转化细胞的异常生长的方法,包括施用有效量的本发明化合物。细胞的异常生长是指独立于正常调控机制的细胞生长(例如失去接触抑制)。这既包括通过引起癌细胞的生长停滞、终末分化和/或细胞程序死亡而直接抑制肿瘤生长,也包括通过抑制肿瘤的新血管生成而间接抑制肿瘤生长。
本发明还提供了抑制肿瘤生长的方法,包括给需要这种治疗的个体,例如哺乳动物(尤其是人)施用有效量的本发明化合物。本发明特别提供了通过施用有效量的本发明化合物来抑制肿瘤生长的方法。可被抑制的肿瘤的实例包括但不限于肺癌(例如腺癌,包括非小细胞肺癌)、胰腺癌症(例如胰腺癌,如外分泌胰腺癌)、结肠癌(例如结肠直肠癌,如结肠腺癌和结肠腺瘤),前列腺癌,包括晚期前列腺癌,淋巴系造血肿瘤(例如急性淋巴细胞白血病、B-细胞淋巴瘤、Burkitt′s淋巴瘤)、骨髓性白血病(例如急性骨髓性白血病(AML))、甲状腺滤泡癌、骨髓发育不良综合征(MDS)、间充质起源的肿瘤(例如纤维肉瘤和横纹肌肉瘤)、黑素瘤、畸胎癌、成神经细胞瘤、神经胶质瘤、良性皮肤肿瘤(例如角化棘皮瘤)、乳腺癌(例如晚期乳腺癌)、肾癌、卵巢癌、膀胱癌和表皮癌。
本发明化合物可用于其它治疗目的,例如:
a)在对肿瘤施加放射以治疗癌症之前、期间或之后,通过施用本发明化合物来提高肿瘤对放疗的敏感性;
b)治疗关节病和骨病症,例如类风湿性关节炎、骨关节炎、青少年关节炎、癌风、多关节炎、牛皮癣性关节炎、关节强硬性脊柱炎和全身性红斑狼疮;
c)抑制平滑肌细胞增殖,包括血管增殖病症、动脉粥样硬化和再狭窄;
d)治疗炎性病症和皮肤病症例如溃疡性结肠炎、局限性回肠炎、过敏性鼻炎、移植物对宿主疾病、结膜炎、哮喘、ARDS、Behcets病、移植物排斥、uticaria、变应性皮炎、斑秃、硬皮病、疹病、湿疹、皮肌炎、痤疮、糖尿病、全身性红斑狼疮、Kawasaki′s病、多发性硬化、肺气肿、囊性纤维变性和慢性支气管炎;
e)治疗子宫内膜异位、子宫平滑肌瘤、机能障碍性子宫出血和子宫内膜增生;
f)治疗眼睛血管生成,包括影响视网膜和脉络膜血管的血管病;
g)治疗心脏机能障碍;
h)抑制免疫抑制病症,例如治疗HIV感染;
i)治疗肾机能障碍;
j)抑制内分泌病症;
k)抑制糖异生机能障碍;
l)治疗神经病,例如帕金森病,或导致认知障碍的神经病例如阿尔茨海默氏病,或与多谷氨酰胺有关的神经元疾病;
m)抑制神经肌肉癌变,例如肌萎缩性侧索硬化;
n)治疗脊柱肌肉萎缩;
o)治疗易于通过增强基因表达来治疗的其它病症;
p)增强基因治疗。
因此,本发明公开了用作药物的式(I)化合物,以及这些式(I)化合物在制备用于治疗一种或多种上述病症的药物中的应用。
式(I)化合物及其可药用酸加成盐和立体异构形式可具有有价值的诊断性质,因为它们可用于检测或鉴定生物样本中的HDAC,包括检测或测定标记的化合物与HDAC之间的复合物的形成。
检测或鉴定方法可使用用标记剂例如放射性同位素、酶、荧光物质、发光物质等标记的化合物。放射性同位素的实例包括125I、131I、3H和14C。通常是通过与能催化可检测的反应的适当物质缀合来使得酶可以被检测。其实例包括例如β-半乳糖苷酶、β-葡糖苷酶、碱性磷酸酶、过氧化物酶和苹果酸脱氢酶,优选辣根过氧化物酶。发光物质包括例如鲁米诺、鲁米诺衍生物、荧光素、水母蛋白和荧光素酶。
生物样本可定义为身体组织或体液。体液的实例是脑脊髓液、血液、血浆、血清、尿、痰、唾液等。
由于它们有用的药理性质,可将本发明化合物配制成各种适于给药目的的药物形式。
为了制备本发明药物组合物,将有效量的碱或酸加成盐形式的特定化合物作为活性组分与可药用载体充分混和,根据给药所需的制剂形式,所述载体可呈多种不同形式。可根据需要将这些药物组合物制成优选适于口服、直肠给药、经皮给药或胃肠外注射的单位剂型。例如,在制备作为口服剂型的组合物时,可采用任何常用的药物介质,对于口服液体制剂例如悬浮液、糖浆剂、酏剂和溶液,所述药物介质是例如水、二醇、油、醇等;或者,对于粉剂、丸剂、胶囊和片剂,所述药物介质是固体载体例如淀粉、糖、高岭土、润滑剂、粘合剂、崩解剂等。
由于它们便于给药,片剂和胶囊代表着最有利的口服单位剂型,显然在这些剂型中使用的是固体药物载体。对于胃肠外给药用组合物,载体通常包括无菌水,至少大部分是无菌水,也可以包含其它组分以例如促进溶解。例如,可制备注射溶液,其中载体包括盐水溶液、葡萄糖溶液或盐水与葡萄糖溶液的混合物。也可以制备可注射的悬浮液,其中可采用合适的液体载体、悬浮剂等。在适于经皮给药的组合物中,载体任选包含渗透促进剂和/或合适的润湿剂,任选与以较小比例采用的任何性质的适当添加剂联合使用,所述添加剂不给皮肤带来显著的有害作用。所述添加剂可促进对皮肤的给药和/或可有助于制备所需组合物。这些组合物可通过多种不同方式给药,例如作为透皮贴剂、点滴剂(spot-on)或膏剂来给药。
将上述药物组合物配制成易于给药和具有剂量一致性的单位剂型是尤其有利的。在本说明书和权利要求书中使用的单位剂型是指适于作为单位剂量的物理上不连续的单位,每个单位含有经计算能产生所需疗效的预定量的活性组分和所需药物载体。这样的单位剂型的实例有片剂(包括划痕片或包衣片)、胶囊、丸剂、袋装粉剂、糯米纸囊剂、注射溶液或悬浮液、以茶匙为量取单位的制剂(teaspoonful)、以糖匙为量取单位的制剂(tablespoonful)等,及其分隔的复合体。
本领域技术人员易于从下文给出的试验结果中确定出有效量。治疗有效量通常为0.005mg/kg-100mg/kg体重,特别为0.005mg/kg-10mg/kg体重。在一天中将所需剂量分为2、3、4或更多份亚剂量以适当间隔施用可能是合适的。所述亚剂量可配制成单位剂型,例如每个单位剂型含有0.5-500mg,特别是10mg-500mg活性组分。
本发明的另一个方面涉及HDAC抑制剂与另一种抗癌剂的结合,所述结合尤其是用作药物,更具体来说是用于治疗癌症或相关疾病。
为了治疗上述病症,本发明化合物可有利地与一种或多种其它治疗剂联合使用,更特别是与其它抗癌剂联合使用。抗癌剂的实例有:
-铂配位化合物,例如顺铂、卡铂或oxalyplatin;
-紫杉烷类化合物,例如紫杉醇或多西他赛;
-拓扑异构酶I抑制剂,例如喜树碱化合物如伊立替康或托泊替康;
-拓扑异构酶II抑制剂,例如抗肿瘤鬼臼毒素,如依托泊苷或替尼泊苷;
-抗肿瘤长春花属生物碱,例如长春碱、长春新碱或长春瑞滨;
-抗肿瘤核苷衍生物,例如5-氟尿嘧啶、吉西他滨或卡培他滨;
-烷化剂,例如氮芥或亚硝基脲化合物,例如环磷酰胺、苯丁酸氮芥、卡莫司汀或洛莫司汀;
-抗肿瘤蒽环类衍生物,例如柔红霉素、多柔比星、伊达比星或米托蒽醌;
-HER2抗体例如曲妥单抗;
-雌激素受体拮抗剂或选择性雌激素受体调节剂例如他莫昔芬、托瑞米芬、屈洛昔芬、faslodex或雷洛昔芬;
-芳香酶抑制剂,例如依西美坦、阿那曲唑、来曲唑和伏氯唑;
-分化剂例如类维生素A、维生素D和视黄酸代谢阻断剂(RAMBA),例如accutane;
-DNA甲基转移酶抑制剂例如氮杂胞苷;
-激酶抑制剂例如flavoperidol、甲磺酸伊马替尼或gefitinib;
-呋喃基转移酶抑制剂;或
-其它HDAC抑制剂。
本文所用术语“铂配位化合物”是指提供离子形式的铂的任何肿瘤细胞生长抑制性铂配位化合物。
术语“紫杉烷类化合物”是指具有紫杉烷环系,并且与得自一些种类紫杉(紫杉属)树的提取物有关或衍生自它们的一类化合物。
所用术语“拓扑异构酶抑制剂”是指能够改变真核细胞中的DNA拓扑结构的酶。它们对于重要的细胞功能和细胞增殖很关键。在真核细胞中有两类拓扑异构酶,即I型和II型。拓扑异构酶I是分子量为约100,000的单体酶。该酶与DNA结合,并引入短暂的单链断裂,打开双螺旋(或使其展开),之后将断裂处再闭合,然后从DNA链中脱离出来。拓扑异构酶II具有类似作用机制,其涉及引入DNA链断裂或形成自由基。
所用术语“喜树碱化合物”是指与母喜树碱化合物有关或衍生自母喜树碱化合物的化合物,母喜树碱化合物是得自中国树种Camptothecin acuminata和印度树种Nothapodytes foetida的水不溶性生物碱。
所用术语“鬼臼毒素化合物”是指与从曼德拉草植物中提取的母鬼臼毒素有关或衍生自该母鬼臼毒素的化合物。
所用术语“抗肿瘤长春花属生物碱”是指与长春花植物(长春花)的提取物有关或衍生自它们的化合物。
术语“烷化剂”包括一组不同的化学药品,它们具有共同的特征,即在生理条件下,它们具有能够给在生物学上至关重要的大分子例如DNA提供烷基的能力。对于大部分更重要的烷化剂例如氮芥和亚硝基脲,经过复杂的降解反应-某些反应是酶催反应之后,在体内产生活性烷基化部分。烷化剂最重要的药理作用是它们扰乱关于细胞增殖,特别是DNA合成和细胞分裂的基本机制。烷化剂干扰迅速增殖组织中的DNA功能和完整性的能力给它们的治疗应用和多种毒害性质提供了基础。
术语“抗肿瘤蒽环类衍生物”包括得自真菌Strep.peuticus var.caesius的抗生素及其衍生物,其特征是具有四环结构,该结构上具有通过糖苷键连接的不常见的糖daunosamine。
据表明,原发性乳腺癌中人表皮生长因子受体2蛋白(HER2)的扩增与一些患者的不良临床预后有关。曲妥单抗是高度纯化的重组DNA衍生的人源化单克隆IgG1 kappa抗体,其以高亲和力和特异性与HER2受体的细胞外结构域结合。
多种乳腺癌具有雌激素受体,并且这些肿瘤的生长可通过雌激素来刺激。所用术语“雌激素受体拮抗剂”和“选择性雌激素受体调节剂”是指与雌激素受体(ER)结合的雌二醇的竞争性抑制剂。当与ER结合时,选择性雌激素受体调节剂诱导受体的三维形状发生改变,抑制其与DNA上的雌激素反应元件(ERE)结合。
在绝经后的妇女中,循环雌激素的主要来源是,通过周围组织中芳香酶的作用将肾上腺和卵巢雄激素(雄甾烯二酮和睾酮)转化成雌激素(雌酮和雌二醇)。对于患有激素依赖性乳腺癌的某些绝经后患者,通过芳香酶抑制或失活来除去雌激素是有效的选择性治疗。
本文所用术语“抗雌激素剂”不仅包括雌激素受体拮抗剂和选择性雌激素受体调节剂,还包括上述芳香酶抑制剂。
术语“分化剂”包括可以以不同方式抑制细胞增殖和诱导分化的化合物。已知维生素D和类维生素A在调节多种正常和恶性细胞类型的生长和分化中起重要作用。视黄酸代谢阻断剂(RAMBA’s)通过抑制细胞色素P450介导的视黄酸分解代谢来增加内源性视黄酸的水平。
DNA甲基化改变是人瘤形成中最重常见的异常。所选基因的启动子内的高甲基化通常与所牵涉的基因的失活有关。所用术语“DNA甲基转移酶抑制剂”是用于指通过药理性地抑制DNA甲基转移酶和再激活肿瘤抑制基因表达来起作用的化合物。
术语“激酶抑制剂”包括涉及细胞周期进行和程序化细胞死亡(细胞凋亡)的激酶的有效抑制剂。
所用术语“法尼基转移酶抑制剂”是指设计用来阻止Ras和其它细胞内蛋白的法尼基化的化合物。据表明它们可影响恶性细胞增殖和存活。
术语“其它HDAC抑制剂”包括但不限于:
-短链脂肪酸化合物,例如丁酸酯、4-苯基丁酸酯或丙戊酸;
-异羟肟酸,例如辛二酰苯胺异羟肟酸(SAHA)、异羟肟酸联芳酯A-161906、二环芳基-N-羟基甲酰胺、吡咯沙敏、CG-1521、PXD-101、磺酰胺异羟肟酸、LAQ-824、曲古柳菌素A(TSA)、oxamflatin、scriptaid、间羧基肉桂酸、双异羟肟酸或trapoxin-异羟肟酸类似物;
-环四肽,例如trapoxin、apidicin或缩肽(depsipeptide);
-苯甲酰胺化合物例如MS-275或CI-994,或
-depudecin。
为了治疗癌症,可给如上所述的患者联合施用本发明化合物与放射。放射是指离子化放射,特别是γ放射,尤其是通过目前常用的直线加速器或放射性核素发射的放射。通过放射性核素对肿瘤的放射可以在外部或内部。
本发明还涉及抗癌剂与本发明HDAC抑制剂的本发明联合用药。
本发明还涉及用于医疗例如用于抑制肿瘤细胞生长的本发明联合用药。
本发明还涉及用于抑制肿瘤细胞生长的本发明联合用药。
本发明还涉及抑制人个体中肿瘤细胞生长的方法,包括给所述个体施用有效量的本发明联合用药。
本发明还提供了抑制细胞,包括转化细胞的异常生长的方法,包括施用有效量的本发明联合用药。
其它治疗剂和HDAC抑制剂可同时(例如在各自的或单一的组合物中)或以任何顺序依次给药。对于后一种情况,可将两类化合物在一定期间内,以足以保证获得有利或协同作用的量和方式给药。应当理解,对于该联合用药的每个组分,优选的给药方法和顺序以及各自的剂量和给药方案将取决于所施用的具体其它治疗剂和HDAC抑制剂、它们的给药途径、所治疗的具体肿瘤以及所治疗的具体宿主。最佳给药方法和顺序以及剂量和给药方案可由本领域技术人员使用常规方法并根据本文所提供的信息而容易地确定。
有利起见,铂配位化合物以每个疗程1-500mg每平方米(mg/m2)身体表面积,例如50-400mg/m2的剂量给药,特别是对于顺铂,以每个疗程约75mg/m2的剂量给药,对于卡铂,以每个疗程约300mg/m2的剂量给药。
有利起见,紫杉烷类化合物以每个疗程50-400mg每平方米(mg/m2)身体表面积,例如75-250mg/m2的剂量给药,特别是对于紫杉醇,以每个疗程约175-250mg/m2的剂量给药,对于多西他赛,以每个疗程约75-150mg/m2的剂量给药。
有利起见,喜树碱化合物以每个疗程0.1-400mg每平方米(mg/m2)身体表面积,例如1-300mg/m2的剂量给药,特别是对于伊立替康,以每个疗程约100-350mg/m2的剂量给药,对于托泊替康,以每个疗程约1-2mg/m2的剂量给药。
有利起见,抗肿瘤鬼臼毒素衍生物以每个疗程30-300mg每平方米(mg/m2)身体表面积,例如50-250mg/m2的剂量给药,特别是对于依托泊苷,以每个疗程约35-100mg/m2的剂量给药,对于替尼泊苷,以每个疗程约50-250mg/m2的剂量给药。
有利起见,抗肿瘤长春花属生物碱以每个疗程2-30mg每平方米(mg/m2)身体表面积的剂量给药,特别是对于长春碱,以每个疗程约3-12mg/m2的剂量给药,对于长春新碱,以每个疗程约1-2mg/m2的剂量给药,对于长春瑞滨,以每个疗程约10-30mg/m2的剂量给药。
有利起见,抗肿瘤核苷衍生物以每个疗程200-2500mg每平方米(mg/m2)身体表面积,例如700-1500mg/m2的剂量给药,特别是对于5-FU,以每个疗程200-500mg/m2的剂量给药,对于吉西他滨,以每个疗程约800-1200mg/m2的剂量给药,对于卡培他滨,以每个疗程约1000-2500mg/m2的剂量给药.
有利起见,烷化剂例如氮芥或亚硝基脲化合物以每个疗程100-500mg每平方米(mg/m2)身体表面积,例如120-200mg/m2的剂量给药,特别是对于环磷酰胺,以每个疗程约100-500mg/m2的剂量给药,对于苯丁酸氮芥,以每个疗程约0.1-0.2mg/kg的剂量给药,对于卡莫司汀,以每个疗程约150-200mg/m2的剂量给药,对于洛莫司汀,以每个疗程约100-150mg/m2的剂量给药。
有利起见,抗肿瘤蒽环类衍生物以每个疗程10-75mg每平方米(mg/m2)身体表面积,例如15-60mg/m2的剂量给药,特别是对于多柔比星,以每个疗程约40-75mg/m2的剂量给药,对于柔红霉素,以每个疗程约25-45mg/m2的剂量给药,对于伊达比星,以每个疗程约10-15mg/m2的剂量给药。
有利起见,曲妥单抗以每个疗程1-5mg每平方米(mg/m2)身体表面积,特别是2-4mg/m2的剂量给药。
有利起见,根据具体活性剂和所治疗的病症,抗雌激素剂以约1-100mg的日剂量给药。他莫昔芬有利地以5-50mg,优选10-20mg的日剂量口服给药,每天分两次给药,治疗持续足够长的时间以达到和维持疗效。托瑞米芬有利地以约60mg的日剂量口服给药,每天给药一次,治疗持续足够长的时间以达到和维持疗效。阿那曲唑有利地以约1mg的剂量口服给药,每天给药一次。屈洛昔芬有利地以约20-100mg的剂量口服给药,每天给药一次。雷洛昔芬有利地以约60mg的剂量口服给药,每天给药一次。依西美坦有利地以约25mg的剂量口服给药,每天给药一次。
对于每个疗程,这些剂量可施用1、2或更多次,每个疗程可例如每7、14、21或28天反复进行一次。
由于具有有用的药理性质,可将本发明联合用药的组分,即其它治疗剂与HDAC抑制剂配制成各种药物形式以进行给药。这些组分可在各自的药物组合物中单独配制,或者在含有这两类组分的单一药物组合物中配制。
因此,本发明还涉及包含其它治疗剂和HDAC抑制剂以及一种或多种药物载体的药物组合物。
本发明还涉及药物组合物形式的本发明联合用药(combination),所述组合物包含本发明的抗癌剂和HDAC抑制剂以及一种或多种药物载体。
本发明还涉及本发明联合用药在制备用于抑制肿瘤细胞生长的药物组合物中的应用。
本发明还涉及产品,其中包含作为第一种活性组分的本发明HDAC抑制剂和作为第二种活性组分的抗癌剂,所述产品是用于同时、独自或依次使用来治疗癌症患者的联合用制剂。
具体实施方式
实验部分
提供下列实施例来举例说明本发明。
在下文中,“DCM”是指二氯甲烷,“DMF”是指二甲基甲酰胺,“EtOAc”是指乙酸乙酯,“iPrOH”是指异丙醇,“MeOH”是指甲醇,“EtOH”是指乙醇,“TEA”是指三乙胺,“TFA”是指三氟乙酸,“THF”是指四氢呋喃,“BSA”是指牛血清白蛋白,“DMSO”是指二甲亚砜,“Hepes”是指4-(-2-羟基乙基)-1-哌嗪-乙磺酸。
[α]D 20是指用光在钠的D-线波长于20℃的温度测定的旋光度。在实际值后面提及了测定旋光度所用的溶液的浓度和溶剂。
A.制备中间体
实施例A1
a)制备
中间体1
在0℃,将[1,1′-联苯]-4-磺酰氯(0.016mol)在DCM(50ml)中的溶液滴加到4-(苯基甲基)-2-吗啉甲胺(0.0145mol)和TEA(0.023mol)在DCM(50ml)内的溶液中。将该混合物温热至室温,然后搅拌过夜,倒入冰水内,用DCM萃取。分离出有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤,并将溶剂蒸发。将残余物(6g)从乙醚中结晶。过滤出沉淀并干燥,获得了3.1g(62%)中间体1,熔点128℃。
b)制备
中间体2
将中间体1(0.0071mol)和Pd/C(0.5g)在MeOH(50ml)和乙酸(5ml)中的混合物在3巴压力下于室温氢化5天,然后经由硅藻土过滤。将硅藻土用DCM/MeOH洗涤。将滤液蒸发。将残余物(3g)置于乙醚中。将沉淀过滤,用乙醚洗涤并干燥,获得了2.6g(100%)中间体2,熔点151℃。
c)制备
中间体3 中间体4
在0℃于氮气流下,将氢化钠60%(0.014mol)分批加到中间体2(0.0069mol)在THF(30ml)内的混合物中。将该混合物在0℃搅拌1小时。滴加2-(甲基磺酰基)-5-嘧啶甲酸乙酯(0.009mol)在THF(20ml)中的溶液。将该混合物在室温搅拌4小时,倒入冰水内,并用EtOAc萃取。将有机层用水洗涤,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并将溶剂蒸发。将残余物(3g)通过硅胶(15-40μm)柱色谱纯化(洗脱剂:DCM/MeOH 99/5)。收集纯的级份,并将溶剂蒸发。将残余物(0.6g)通过硅胶柱色谱(chiralpak)纯化(洗脱剂:CH3CN100)。收集两个级份,并将溶剂蒸发,获得了0.255g(8%)中间体3(A),[α]D 20=-32.6(c-0.00485DMF)和0.25g(8%)中间体4(B),[α]D 20=+33.8(c=0.005,DMF)。
实施例A2
a)制备
中间体5
在5℃于氮气流下,将四氢铝酸(1-)锂(0.04mol)分批加到THF(40ml)中。滴加1-苄基-4-三苯基甲基哌嗪-2-甲酸乙酯(0.01mol)在THF(40ml)中的溶液。将该混合物搅拌2小时,倒入EtOAc/水中,经由硅藻土过滤。分离出有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并将溶剂蒸发,获得了4.05g中间体5。该产物直接用于下一反应步骤。
b)制备
中间体6
在5℃于氮气流下,将二氨烯二甲酸二(1-甲基乙基)酯(0.0097mol)在THF(10ml)中的溶液滴加到中间体5(0.0064mol)、1H-异吲哚-1,3(2H)-二酮(0.0097mol)和三苯基膦(0.0097mol)在THF(50ml)内的溶液中。将该混合物在室温搅拌6小时,倒入冰水内,并用EtOAc萃取。分离出有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤,并将溶剂蒸发。将残余物(11g)通过硅胶(15-40μm)柱色谱纯化(洗脱剂:DCM/EtOAc 99/1)。收集纯的级份,并将溶剂蒸发,获得了2.8g(75%)中间体6,熔点100℃。
c)制备
中间体7
将肼一氢溴酸盐(0.005mol)加到中间体6(0.0025mol)在EtOH(25ml)内的溶液中。将该混合物搅拌回流4小时,然后冷却至室温。将溶剂蒸发。将残余物置于NaCl中,并用EtOAc/DCM萃取。分离出有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤,并将溶剂蒸发,获得了3.55g中间体7。该产物直接用于下一反应步骤。
d)制备
中间体8
将中间体7(0.0025mol)、2-萘磺酰氯(0.0027mol)和TEA(0.004mol)在DCM(20ml)中的混合物于室温搅拌过夜,倒入冰水内,并用DCM萃取。分离出有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤,并将溶剂蒸发。将残余物(3.8g)通过硅胶(15-40μm)柱色谱纯化(洗脱剂:DCM/EtOAc 98/2)。收集纯的级份,并将溶剂蒸发。将残余物(0.8g)从乙醚中结晶。过滤出沉淀并干燥,获得了0.693g(41%)中间体8,熔点219℃。
e)制备
中间体9
将中间体8(0.0009mol)在HCl 12N(0.6ml)和2-丙酮(18ml)中的混合物于室温搅拌4小时。将溶剂蒸发。将残余物置于水中。将水层用乙醚洗涤,用碳酸钾碱化,并用EtOAc萃取。分离出有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤,并将溶剂蒸发。将残余物(0.5g)从乙醚中结晶。过滤出沉淀并干燥。将残余物(0.38g)置于水/EtOAc中。将有机层蒸发。将残余物置于乙醚中。过滤出沉淀并干燥,获得了0.044g(48%)中间体9,熔点210℃。
f)制备
中间体10
在室温将2-(甲基磺酰基)-5-嘧啶甲酸乙酯(0.0029mol)加到中间体9(0.002mol)和碳酸钾(0.007mol)在乙腈(50ml)内的溶液中。将该混合物在室温搅拌3小时,然后在80℃搅拌过夜,冷却至室温,倒入冰水内,并用EtOAc萃取。分离出有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤,并将溶剂蒸发。将残余物(2g)通过硅胶(15-40μm)柱色谱纯化(洗脱剂:DCM/MeOH99/1)。收集纯的级份,并将溶剂蒸发,获得了0.76g(48%)中间体10。
实施例A3
a)制备
中间体11
在0℃于氮气流下,将2-萘磺酰氯(0.016mol)在DCM(50ml)中的溶液滴加到4-(苯基甲基)-2-吗啉甲胺(0.015mol)和TEA(0.024mol)在DCM(50ml)内的溶液中。将该混合物于室温搅拌过夜,倒入冰水内,并用DCM萃取。分离出有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤,并将溶剂蒸发,获得了6g(100%)中间体11。该产物直接用于下一反应步骤。
b)制备
中间体12
在室温,将氯代甲酸(carbonochloridic acid)1-氯乙酯(0.016mol)在1,2-二氯乙烷(2ml)中的溶液加到中间体11(0.014mol)在1,2-二氯乙烷(48ml)内的混合物中,将该混合物在室温搅拌45分钟,然后在80℃搅拌3小时。加入MeOH(100ml)。将该混合物在80℃搅拌4天,倒入水中,并用EtOAc萃取。分离出有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤,并将溶剂蒸发。将残余物(3.5g)通过硅胶(15-40μm)柱色谱纯化(洗脱剂:DCM/MeOH/NH4OH 92/8/0.5)。收集纯的级份,并将溶剂蒸发。将残余物(0.38g,9%)从乙醚中结晶。过滤出沉淀并干燥,获得了0.21g中间体12,熔点140℃。
实施例A4
a)制备
中间体13
在0℃,将[1,1′-联苯]-4-羰基氯(0.016mol)在DCM(50ml)中的溶液滴加到4-(苯基甲基)-2-吗啉甲胺(0.0145mol)和TEA(0.023mol)在DCM(50ml)内的溶液中。将该混合物在室温搅拌12小时,倒入冰水内,并用DCM萃取。将有机层用10%碳酸钾洗涤,分离,干燥(MgSO4),过滤,并将溶剂蒸发。将残余物(6.2g)从CH3CN/乙醚中结晶。过滤出沉淀并干燥。将母液层蒸发。将残余物(3.3g)通过硅胶(15-40,μm)柱色谱纯化(洗脱剂:DCM/MeOH/NH4OH98/2/0.1)。收集纯的级份,并将溶剂蒸发,获得了1.5g(27%)。将一部分产物(0.39g)从CH3CN/乙醚中结晶。过滤出沉淀并干燥,获得了0.12g中间体13,熔点133℃。
b)制备
中间体14
在室温,将氯代甲酸(carbonochloridic acid)1-氯乙酯(0.0066mol)加到中间体13(0.006mol)在1,2-二氯乙烷(35ml)内的混合物中。将该混合物在室温搅拌45分钟,然后在80℃搅拌3小时。加入MeOH(60ml)。将该混合物在80℃搅拌8天,然后冷却至室温。将溶剂蒸发。加入EtOAc。将沉淀过滤,用乙醚洗涤并干燥,获得了1.8g(100%)中间体14,熔点284℃。
实施例A5
a)制备
中间体15
在0℃,将2-萘羰基氯(0.017mol)在DCM(60ml)中的溶液滴加到4-(苯基甲基)-2-吗啉甲胺(0.015mol)和TEA(0.026mol)在DCM(60ml)内的混合物中。将该混合物温热至室温并保持过夜,倒入冰水内。分离出有机层,用10%碳酸钾洗涤,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并将溶剂蒸发。将残余物从乙醚/DIPE中结晶。过滤出沉淀并干燥,获得了4.6g(85%)中间体15,熔点104℃。
b)制备
中间体16
将中间体15(0.0109mol)和Pd/C(2g)在MeOH(80ml)和乙酸(8ml)中的混合物在3巴压力下于室温氢化4天,然后经由硅藻土过滤。将硅藻土用MeOH/DCM洗涤。将滤液蒸发。将残余物(7.2g)通过硅胶(15-40μm)柱色谱纯化(洗脱剂:DCM/MeOH/NH4OH 97/3/0.1)。收集纯的级份,并将溶剂蒸发,获得了0.8g中间体16。
实施例A6
a)制备
中间体17
在5℃,将2-萘磺酰氯(0.011mol)在DCM(5ml)中的溶液加到3-(氨基甲基)-1-哌啶甲酸1,1-二甲基乙酯(0.01mol)和TEA(0.014mol)在DCM(15ml)内的混合物中。将该混合物在20℃搅拌18小时。加入碳酸钾10%。分离出有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤,并将溶剂蒸发至干,获得了4.6g(>100%)中间体17。
b)制备
中间体18
将中间体17(0.0089mol)在HCl/iPrOH 5N(40ml)中的混合物于50℃搅拌15分钟,用NH4.OH碱化。将溶剂蒸发至干。将残余物置于DCM中,并过滤。将滤液干燥(MgSO4),过滤并将溶剂蒸发至干,获得了2.9g(>100%)中间体18。
实施例A7
a)制备
中间体19
将N-(苯基甲基)-苯甲胺(1mol)溶解在乙醚中,用6NHCl/2-丙醇将其转化成盐酸盐(1∶1)。过滤出沉淀并干燥,获得了234g盐酸盐,加入在乙酸(1600ml)中的4-氧代-1-哌啶甲酸乙酯和(CH2O)n(30g)。将该混合物在60-65℃搅拌110分钟,然后冷却至室温,倒入冰/水/NH4OH中。用乙醚萃取所得白色油状沉淀。将分离的有机层用水洗涤,干燥(MgSO4),过滤,将溶剂在室温蒸发,获得了436g中间体19。
b)制备
(反式)
中间体20
将中间体19(最多0.55mol粗产物)在EtOH(1500ml)中搅拌。分批加入一部分硼酸氢钠,产生了放热,温度升至30℃。将该反应混合物在冰水浴上冷却,再加入一部分硼酸氢钠(总共1.5mol),同时将反应温度保持在±16℃。将反应混合物在±16℃搅拌1小时。通过蒸发将该混合物浓缩至初始体积的一半。将该浓缩物冷却。加入水。将该混合物进一步浓缩(剧烈起泡)直至所有乙醇蒸发。将该含水浓缩物冷却,然后用乙醚萃取。分离出有机层,用水洗涤,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并将溶剂蒸发。将油状萃取液溶解在DIPE中,用HC1/2-丙醇处理。获得了有粘性的沉淀。将溶剂蒸发。把残余物悬浮在温热的乙腈中,然后冷却,通过过滤除去沉淀。将滤液蒸发。将残余物溶解在水中,用NH4OH碱化,然后用乙醚萃取。将分离的有机层干燥(MgSO4),过滤,将溶剂蒸发。将残余物(267g)通过HPLC分离(洗脱剂:甲苯/乙醇98.5/1.5)。收集纯的级份,并将溶剂蒸发。将一部分产物从乙腈中结晶,过滤并干燥,获得了107g(反式)中间体20。
c)制备
(反式)
中间体21
将中间体20(0.01mol)和Pd/C(1.5g)在EtOH(200ml)中的混合物在3巴压力下于50℃氢化过夜,然后经由硅藻土过滤。将滤液蒸发至干,获得了2.1g(>100%)中间体21。
d)制备
(反式)
中间体22
在5℃于氮气流下,将2-萘磺酰氯(0.0054mol)在DCM(2ml)中的溶液加到中间体21(0.0049mol)和TEA(0.0069mol)在DCM(10ml)内的混合物中。将该混合物在室温搅拌18小时。加入10%碳酸钾。用DCM萃取该混合物。分离出有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤,并将溶剂蒸发至干,获得了2g(100%)中间体22(反式)。
e)制备
(反式)
中间体23
将中间体22(0.0043mol)在HCl 6N(20ml)中的混合物搅拌和回流24小时。将溶剂蒸发至干。将残余物用NaOH3N碱化。加入EtOAc。将该混合物于室温搅拌过夜。将沉淀过滤,用乙醚洗涤并干燥,获得了1.37g(97%)中间体23(反式)。
B.制备最终的化合物
实施例B1
a)制备
中间体24
将中间体4(0.0004mol)和NaOH(0.0008mol)在EtOH(10ml)中的混合物于80℃搅拌48小时,然后冷却至室温。将沉淀过滤,用乙醚洗涤并干燥,获得了0.188g(90%)中间体24(B)Na。
b)制备
中间体25
在室温,将N’-(乙基碳化亚氨酰基)-N,N-二甲基-1,3-丙二胺一盐酸盐(0.0005mol)在DCM(5ml)中的溶液然后将1-羟基-1H-苯并三唑(0.0005mol)在THF(5ml)中的溶液依次加到中间体24(0.0003mol)和O-(四氢-2H-吡喃-2-基)-羟基胺(0.0005mol)在DCM(10ml)内的混合物中。将该混合物于室温搅拌过夜,倒入水中,并用DCM萃取。分离出有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤,并将溶剂蒸发。将残余物(0.29g)通过硅胶(10μm)柱色谱纯化(洗脱剂:DCM/MeOH99/1)。收集纯的级份,并将溶剂蒸发,获得了0.142g(66%)中间体25(B)。
c)制备
化合物1
将中间体25(B)(0.0002mol)在TFA(1ml)和MeOH(15ml)中的混合物于室温搅拌4天。过滤出沉淀并干燥。将残余物(0.08g)置于MeOH/CH3CN中。将沉淀过滤,用MeOH洗涤,然后用乙醚洗涤,干燥,获得了0.046g化合物1(B),[α]D 20=+32.85(c=0.0047,DMF),熔点164℃。
实施例B2
制备
中间体26
将中间体10(0.0088mol)和Pd/C 10%(1.3g)在乙酸(2ml)和EtOH(200ml)中的混合物在3巴压力下于室温搅拌9天,然后经由硅藻土过滤。将滤液蒸发至干。将该混合物经由硅藻土过滤。将滤液蒸发至干。将残余物置于DCM中。将有机层用10%碳酸钾洗涤,干燥(MgSO4),过滤,并将溶剂蒸发。将残余物(2.7g)通过硅胶(15-40μm)柱色谱纯化(洗脱剂:甲苯/iPrOH/NH4OH 90/10/0.2)。收集纯的级份,并将溶剂蒸发,获得了0.29g(8%)中间体26。
按照类似于实施例[B1]中描述的方法处理中间体26,获得了0.065g(51%)化合物2,熔点243℃。
化合物2
实施例B3
按照类似于实施例[B1]中描述的方法处理中间体10,获得了0.26g(100%)化合物3,熔点135℃。
化合物3
实施例B4
制备
中间体27
在℃于氮气流下,将氢化钠60%(0.0059mol)加到中间体2(0.0039mol)在THF(15ml)内的混合物中。将该混合物在0℃搅拌1小时。滴加2-(甲基磺酰基)-5-嘧啶甲酸乙酯(0.0051mol)在THF(10ml)中的溶液。将该混合物在0℃搅拌2小时,然后温热至室温并保持2小时,倒入冰水内,并用EtOAc萃取。分离出有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤,并将溶剂蒸发。将残余物(2g)通过硅胶(15-40μm)柱色谱纯化(洗脱剂:DCM/MeOH/NH4OH 97/3/0.1)。收集纯的级份,并将溶剂蒸发。将残余物从乙醚中结晶。过滤出沉淀并干燥,获得了0.075g中间体27,熔点170℃。
按照类似于实施例[B1]中描述的方法处理中间体27,获得了0.236g(64%)化合物4,熔点163℃。
化合物4
实施例B5
制备
中间体28
在0℃于氮气流下,将氢化钠60%(0.0043mol)分批加到中间体2(0.0036mol)和6-氯-3-吡啶甲酸乙酯(0.0047mol)在DMF(20ml)内的混合物中。将该混合物在90℃搅拌12小时,然后冷却至室温,并倒入冰水内。加入EtOAc。用EtOAc萃取该混合物。将有机层用水洗涤,干燥(MgSO4),过滤,并将溶剂蒸发。将残余物(1.7g)通过硅胶(15-40μm)柱色谱纯化(洗脱剂:DCM/EtOAc 85/15,然后是DCM/MeOH/NH4OH97/3/0.1)。收集纯的级份,并将溶剂蒸发。将残余物(0.42g)从乙醚中结晶。过滤出沉淀并干燥,获得了0.36g(22%)中间体28,熔点186℃。
按照类似于实施例[B1]中描述的方法处理中间体28,获得了0.155g(62%)化合物5,熔点210℃。
化合物5
实施例B6
制备
中间体29
在0℃于氮气流下将氢化钠(0.0032mol)加到中间体12(0.0016mol)在THF(10ml)内的混合物中。将该混合物在室温搅拌1小时。在0℃滴加2-(甲基磺酰基)-5-嘧啶甲酸乙酯(0.0019mol)在THE(10ml)中的溶液。将该混合物在室温搅拌2小时。加入冰和EtOAc。用EtOAc萃取该混合物。分离出有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤,将溶剂蒸发。将残余物(0.75g)通过硅胶(15-40μm)柱色谱纯化(洗脱剂:DCM/MeOH 99/1)。收集纯的级份,并将溶剂蒸发,获得了0.22g(73%)中间体29。
按照类似于实施例[B1]中描述的方法处理中间体29,获得了0.055g(50%)化合物6,熔点179℃。
化合物6
实施例B7
制备
中间体30
在0℃于氮气流下将氢化钠60%(0.0052mol)加到中间体12(0.0026mol)在DMF(20ml)内的混合物中。将该混合物在0℃搅拌1小时。在0℃滴加6-氯-3-吡啶甲酸乙酯(0.0034mol)在DMF(10ml)中的溶液。让该混合物温热至室温,然后在90℃搅拌12小时,倒入冰水内,并用DCM萃取。将有机层用水洗涤,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并将溶剂蒸发。将残余物(1.4g)通过硅胶(15-40μm)柱色谱纯化(洗脱剂:环己烷/EtOAc60/40)。收集纯的级份,并将溶剂蒸发,获得了0.5g(42%)中间体30。
按照类似于实施例[B1]中描述的方法处理中间体30,获得了0.23g(66%)化合物7,熔点157℃。
化合物7
实施例B8
制备
中间体31
将中间体14(0.003mol)、2-(甲基磺酰基)-5-嘧啶甲酸乙酯(0.004mol)和碳酸钾(0.0061mol)在乙腈(30ml)中的混合物于室温搅拌12小时,倒入水中,并用EtOAc萃取。分离出有机层,用水洗涤,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并将溶剂蒸发。将残余物(1.4g)从CH3CN/乙醚中结晶。过滤出沉淀并干燥,获得了1.1g(79%)中间体31,熔点184℃。
按照类似于实施例[B1]中描述的方法处理中间体31,获得了0.156g(47%)化合物8,熔点290℃。
化合物8
实施例B9
制备
中间体32
在0℃于氮气流下,将氢化钠(0.0044mol)加到中间体16(0.0022mol)在THF(15ml)内的混合物中。将该混合物在0℃搅拌1小时。滴加2-(甲基磺酰基)-5-嘧啶甲酸乙酯(0.0029mol)在THF(5ml)中的溶液。将该混合物在室温搅拌4小时,倒入冰水内,并用EtOAc萃取。分离出有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤并将溶剂蒸发。将残余物(1g)通过硅胶(15-40μm)柱色谱纯化(洗脱剂:DCM/MeOH/NH4OH 97/3/0.1)。收集纯的级份,并将溶剂蒸发,获得了0.58g(90%)中间体32。
按照类似于实施例[B1]中描述的方法处理中间体32,获得了0.091g(50%)化合物9,熔点246℃。
化合物9
实施例B10
制备
中间体33
在5℃于氮气流下,将氢化钠60%油分散液(0.0042mol)分批加到中间体18(0.0032mol)在THF(10ml)内的混合物中。将该混合物搅拌30分钟。加入2-(甲基磺酰基)-5-嘧啶甲酸乙酯(0.0039mol)在THF(2ml)中的溶液。将该混合物在室温搅拌18小时。加入碳酸钾10%。用DCM萃取该混合物。分离出有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤,并将溶剂蒸发至于。将残余物(1.6g)通过硅胶(15-40μm)柱色谱纯化(洗脱剂:DCM100至DCM/MeOH 98/2)。收集纯的级份,并将溶剂蒸发,获得了0.9g(60%)中间体33。
按照类似于实施例[B1]中描述的方法处理中间体33,获得了0.19g(50%)化合物10,熔点210℃。
化合物10
实施例B11
制备
反式
中间体34
在5℃于氮气流下,将氢化钠(0.0102mol)分批加到中间体23(0.004mol)在THF(10ml)内的混合物中。将该混合物搅拌1小时。加入5-嘧啶甲酸2-(甲基磺酰基)-乙酯(0.0053mol)在THF(5ml)中的溶液。将该混合物在室温搅拌24小时。加入10%碳酸钾。用DCM萃取该混合物。分离出有机层,干燥(MgSO4),过滤,并将溶剂蒸发至干。将残余物(1.1g)通过硅胶(15-40μm)柱色谱纯化(洗脱剂:DCM/MeOH/NH4OH95/5/0.1)。收集纯的级份,并将溶剂蒸发,获得了0.17g(9%)中间体34,熔点189℃。
按照类似于实施例[B1]中描述的方法处理中间体34,获得了0.194g(68%)化合物11(反式),熔点176℃。
反式
化合物11
表F-1列出了依据一个上述实施例制得的化合物。在表中使用下列缩写:.C2HF3O2表示三氟乙酸盐,Co.No.表示化合物编号,Ex.[Bn°]是指与在Bn°实施例中描述的相同方法。某些化合物的特征是用熔点(mp.)表示。
表F-1
C.药理实施例
关于抑制组蛋白脱乙酰化酶的体外分析(参见实施例C.1)测定了用式(I)化合物获得的对HDAC酶催活性的抑制。
使用用于测定细胞毒性或存活的比色分析在A2780肿瘤细胞上测定式(I)化合物的细胞活性(Mosmann Tim,Journal of ImmunologicalMethods 65:55-63,1983)(参见实施例C.2)。
使用在水介质中的动力学溶解度来度量化合物在稀释时保持在水溶液中的能力(参见实施例C.3)。在3个连续步骤中用一种含水缓冲溶剂将DMSO贮备液稀释。对于每次稀释,用比浊计测定浊度。
药物代谢是指脂溶性异生或内生化合物在酶的作用下转化成极性、水溶性并且可排泄的代谢物。药物代谢的主要器官是肝脏。代谢产物的活性经常低于母药物或者没有活性。然而,某些代谢物可具有增强的活性或毒性作用。因此,药物代谢可包括“解毒”和“中毒”过程。决定生物体处理药物和化学物质的能力的主要酶系统之一是细胞色素P450单加氧酶,其是依赖于NADPH的酶。可使用亚细胞人组织在体外测定化合物的代谢稳定性(参见实施例C.4)。这里化合物的代谢稳定性以将这些化合物与微粒体培养15分钟后被代谢药物所占的%表示。通过LC-MS分析来定量测定化合物。
作为对DNA损害的响应,肿瘤抑制基因p53在转录上激活多种基因,包括WAF1/CIP1基因。在正常细胞内,在涉及细胞周期蛋白、细胞周期蛋白激酶(CDKs)和增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)的复合物中发现了WAF1基因的21kDa产物,但是在转化的细胞中没有发现,并且该产物似乎是CDK活性的一般抑制剂。p21WAF1结合并抑制CDKs的一个后果是阻止了CDK依赖性磷酸化作用以及随后的Rb蛋白失活,而Rb蛋白是细胞周期进行所必不可少的。因此,作为对细胞与HDAC抑制剂接触的响应而诱导的p21WAF1是在G1和G2关卡上抑制细胞周期进行的有效且特异性的指示剂。
用p21WAF1酶联免疫吸附测定(癌基因的WAF1 ELISA)确定化合物诱导p21WAF1的能力。p21WAF1测定是采用鼠单克隆和兔多克隆抗体的“夹层”酶免疫测定。对人WAF1蛋白有特异性的兔多克隆抗体已固定在试剂盒中提供的塑料孔的表面上。欲测定样本中存在的任何p21WAF将与捕捉抗体结合。生物素化的检测单克隆抗体还识别人p21WAF1蛋白,并且与已被捕捉抗体保留的任何p21WAF1结合。检测抗体又被辣根过氧化物酶缀合的链霉抗生物素蛋白结合。辣根过氧化物酶催化生色底物四甲基联苯胺从无色溶液转化成蓝色溶液(或加入停止试剂后转化成黄色),其强度与结合在平板上的p21WAF1蛋白的量成比例。使用分光光度计来定量测定有色反应产物。通过使用已知的p21WAF1浓度(提供冷冻干燥的)建立标准曲线来实现定量测定(参见实施例C.5)。
实施例C.1:用于抑制组蛋白脱乙酰化酶的体外测定:
将HeLa核提取物(供应商:Biomol)以60μg/ml的浓度与2×10-8M放射标记的肽底物一起培养。使用合成肽,即组蛋白H4的氨基酸14-21来作为度量HDAC活性的底物。该底物在NH2-末端部分被6-氨基己酸间隔物生物素化,在COOH-末端部分被酰胺基团保护,在赖氨酸16上被特定[3H]乙酰化。将该底物,即生物素-(6-氨基己酸)Gly-Ala-([3H]乙酰基-Lys-Arg-His-Arg-Lys-Val-NH2)加到含有25mM Hepes、1M蔗糖、0.1mg/ml BSA和0.01%Triton X-100且pH为7.4的缓冲液中。30分钟后,通过加入HCl和乙酸(终浓度分别为0.035mM和3.8mM)来终止给脱乙酰化反应。停止该反应后,用乙酸乙酯萃取游离的3H-乙酸酯。混和并离心后,在β-计数器中计数上层(有机)相等份试样的放射性。
对于每个实验,对照(含有HeLa核提取物和DMSO,不含化合物)、空白培养(含有DMSO,但是不含HeLa核提取物或化合物)和样本(含有溶解在DMSO中的化合物和HeLa核提取物)都是平行进行。在第一个实例中,将化合物以10-5M的浓度测试。当化合物在10-5M表现出活性时,制作浓度-反应曲线,其中以在10-5M与10-12M之间的浓度测试化合物。在每个测试中,从对照和样本值中减去空白值。对照样本代表100%的底物脱乙酰化。对于每个样本,放射性以相对于对照平均值的百分比表示。使用用于梯度数据的probit分析计算合适的IC50-值(将代谢物的量降至对照的50%时所需的药物浓度)。在本申请中,受试化合物的作用以pIC50(IC50-值的负log值)表示。所有受试化合物都具有pIC50≥7(见表F-2)。
实施例C.2:用A2780细胞测定抗增殖活性
将所有受试化合物溶解在DMSO中,在培养基中进一步稀释。在细胞增殖测定中,最终的DMSO浓度不要超过0.1%(v/v)。对照含有A2780细胞和DMSO,不含有化合物;而空白含有DMSO,但不含细胞.将MTT以5mg/ml溶解在PBS中。制备由0.1M甘氨酸和0.1MNaCl组成,并用NaOH(1N)缓冲至pH10.5的甘氨酸缓冲液(所有试剂均得自Merck)。
将人A2780卵巢癌细胞(Dr.T.C.Hamilton[Fox Chase CancerCentre,Pennsylvania,USA]馈赠)在补充有2mML-甘氨酰胺、50μg/ml庆大霉素和10%胎牛血清的RPMI 1640培养基中培养。将细胞作为单层培养物在湿润的5%CO2气氛下于37℃常规保持。使用胰蛋白酶/EDTA溶液以1∶40的分裂比例每周传代一次。所有培养基和补充物均得自Life Technologies.通过使用Gen-Probe Mycoplasma TissueCulture试剂盒(供应商:BioMérieux)测定,细胞不含支原体污染物。
将细胞接种在NUNCTM 96-孔培养板(供应商:Life Technologies)中,让其与塑料板粘着过夜。铺板密度为在200μl培养基的总体积中每个孔1500个细胞.细胞与平板粘着后,更换培养基,将药物和/或溶剂加到200μl的总体积中。培养4天后,用200μl新鲜培养基替换培养基,使用基于MTT的测定评价细胞密度和存活力。向每个孔中加入25μl MTT溶液,将细胞在37℃进一步培养2小时。然后将培养基小心地抽吸出来,通过加入25μl甘氨酸缓冲液,然后加入100μl DMSO来让蓝色MTT-甲
产物溶解。将微测试板在微板摇动器上摇动10分钟,使用Emax 96-孔分光光度计(供应商:Sopachem)测定在540nm的吸收度。在实验内,每个实验条件的结果是3个平行测定孔的平均结果。对于初步筛选目的,在10-6M的单一固定浓度下测试化合物。对于活性化合物,重复进行实验以建立完整的浓度-反应曲线。对于每个实验,均平行进行对照(不含有药物)和空白培养(不含细胞或药物)。从所有对照和样本值中减去空白值。对于每个样本,关于细胞生长的平均值(吸收度单位)以相对于对照细胞生长平均值的百分比表示。使用用于梯度数据的probit分析(Finney,D.J.,Probit Analyses,2nd Ed.Chapter 10,Graded Responses,Cambridge University Press,Cambridge1962)计算合适的IC50-值(将细胞生长降至对照的50%时所需的药物浓度)。在本申请中,受试化合物的作用以pIC50(IC50-值的负log值)表示。大部分受试化合拘在10-6M测试浓度下表现出细胞活性,并且有12种化合物具有pIC50≥5(见表F-2).
实施例C.3:在水介质中的动力学溶解度
在第一个稀释步骤中,将10μl溶解在DMSO中的浓的活性化合物贮备液(5mM)加到100μl磷酸盐柠檬酸盐缓冲液pH7.4中,并混和。在第二个稀释步骤中,将等份试样(20μl)的第一个稀释步骤溶液进一步加到100μl磷酸盐柠檬酸盐缓冲液pH7.4中,并混和。最后,在第三个稀释步骤中,将第二个稀释步骤的样本(20μl)在100μl磷酸盐柠檬酸盐缓冲液pH7.4中进一步稀释,并混和。所有稀释都是在96-孔板中进行的。进行完最后一个步骤之后,立即用比浊计测定这三个连续稀释步骤的浊度。对于每种化合物,以一式三份进行稀释以排除偶然误差。根据浊度测定,用3个等级进行等级评定。具有高溶解度的化合物得3分,并且对于该化合物,第一次稀释是澄清的。具有中等溶解度的化合物得2分。对于这些化合物,第一次稀释是不澄清的,第二次稀释是澄清的。具有低溶解度的化合物得1分,对于这些化合物,第一次和第二次稀释都是不澄清的。测定11种化合物的溶解度。有6种化合物得到3分,两种化合物得到2分,3种化合物得到1分(参见表F-2)。
实施例C.4:代谢稳定性
按照Gorrod等人的方法(Xenobiotica 5:453-462,1975),通过将组织机械匀化,然后离心分离来制备亚细胞组织制备物。将肝脏组织在冰冷的0.1M Tris-HCl(pH7.4)缓冲液中洗涤来洗去多余的血液。然后将组织吸干,称重,使用外科剪刀粗略地剪碎。使用装配有Teflon研杵的Potter-S(Braun,Italy)或Sorvall Omni-Mix匀化器,将组织片在3倍体积冰冷的0.1M磷酸盐缓冲液(pH7.4)中匀化7×10秒。对于这两种装置,在匀化处理期间,都将容器保持在冰中/冰上。
使用Sorvall离心机或Beckman超速离心机,将组织匀浆以9000×g于4℃离心20分钟。将所得上清液在-80℃贮存,并指定为‘S9’。
可使用Beckman超速离心机将S9级份以100,000×g进一步离心60分钟(4℃)。将所得上清液小心地抽吸出来,取等份试样,并指定为‘胞质溶胶’。将沉淀物以1ml最终体积/0.5g初始组织重量重悬在0.1M磷酸盐缓冲液(pH7.4)中,并指定为‘微粒体’。
将所有亚细胞级份取等份试样,立即在液氮中冷冻,并在-80℃贮存直至使用。
对于欲测试的样本,培养混合物含有PBS(0.1M)、化合物(5μM)、微粒体(1mg/ml)和NADPH生成系统(0.8mM葡萄糖-6-磷酸酯,0.8mM氯化镁和0.8单位的葡萄糖-6-磷酸酯脱氢酶)。对照样本含有相同材料,但是通过将微粒体热灭活(在95℃加热10分钟)来替换微粒体。化合物在对照样本中的回收率始终是100%。
将该混合物在37℃预培养5分钟。通过加入0.8mM NADP让反应在时间点零(t=0)开始,将该样本培养15分钟(t=15)。通过加入2倍体积的DMSO来终止该反应。然后将样本以900×g离心10分钟,在分析之前将上清液于室温贮存不超过24小时。所有培养都是以一式两份进行。用LC-MS分析进行上清液的分析。在Xterra MS C18(50×4.6mm,5μm,水,US)上进行样本洗脱。使用Alliance 2790(供应商:水,US)HPLC系统。使用缓冲液A(25mM乙酸铵(pH5.2)在H2O/乙腈(95/5)中的溶液)、溶剂B(乙腈)和溶剂C(甲醇)以2.4ml/分钟的流速进行洗脱。所采用的梯度是,以线性方式,将有机相浓度在5分钟内从0%提高至50%B和50%C,然后在1分钟内提高至100%B,之后有机相浓度保持不变1.5分钟。样本的总注射体积为25μl。
使用装配有ESI源的Quattro(供应商:Micromass,Manchester,UK)三重四极质谱仪作为检测器。将该ESI源和去溶剂化温度分别设定为120和350℃,使用氮气作为气雾剂以及干燥气体。以正扫描方式(单离子反应)获得数据,锥管电压设定在10V,停延时间为1秒。
代谢稳定性以在活性微粒体(E(act))存在下培养15分钟后,化合物的%代谢表示(%代谢=100%-((在t=15时E(act)的总离子电流(TIC)/在t=0时E(act)的TIC)×100)。代谢百分比低于20%的化合物定义为高度代谢稳定的。代谢百分比为20%-70%的化合物定义为中等稳定的,代谢百分比高于70%的化合物定义为低代谢稳定的。在进行代谢稳定性筛选时,始终包括三种参照化合物。使用维拉帕米作为具有低代谢稳定性的化合物(%代谢=73%)。使用西沙必利作为具有中等代谢稳定性的化合物(%代谢为45%),使用丙醇作为具有中到高代谢稳定性的化合物(25%代谢)。使用这些参照化合物来验证代谢稳定性测定。
测试10种化合物。有6种化合物的代谢百分比低于20%,4种化合物的代谢百分比为20%-70%。
实施例C.5:p21诱导能力
下列方案已被用于测定p21蛋白在人A2780卵巢癌细胞中的表达水平。将A2780细胞(20000个细胞/180μl)接种在96微孔板内的补充有2mM L-甘氨酰胺、50μg/ml庆大霉素和10%胎牛血清的RPMI 1640培养基中。在细胞裂解前24小时,将化合物以10-5、10-6、10-7和10-8M的终浓度加入。所有受试化合物都是溶解在DMSO中,并在培养基中进一步稀释。加入化合物24小时后,将上清液从细胞中取出。用200μl冰冷的PBS洗涤细胞。抽吸出细胞,加入30μl裂解缓冲液(50mMTris.HCl(pH7.6),150mM NaCl,1%Nonidet p40和10%甘油)。将平板在-70℃培养过夜。
从箔袋中取出适当数目的微量滴定孔,置于空的凹空支持器内。制备洗涤缓冲液(20×平板洗涤浓缩液:100ml PBS与表面活性剂的20倍浓溶液,含有2%氯乙酰胺)的操作溶液(1×)。将冷冻干燥的p21WAF标准物用蒸馏水重新配制,用样本稀释剂(在试剂盒中提供的)进一步稀释。
通过在样本稀释剂中进行1∶4稀释来制备样本。将样本(100μl)与p21WAF1标准物(100μl)吸移到合适的孔中,在室温培养2小时。将孔用1×洗涤缓冲液洗涤3次,然后向每个孔中吸移100μl检测抗体试剂(生物素化的单克隆p21WAF1抗体的溶液)。将孔在室温培养1小时,用1×洗涤缓冲液洗涤3次。将400×缀合物(过氧化物酶辣根缀合物:400倍浓溶液)稀释,向孔中加入100μl1×溶液。将孔在室温培养30分钟,然后用1×洗涤缓冲液洗涤3次,用蒸馏水洗涤1次。向孔中加入底物溶液(生色底物)(100μl),将孔在黑暗中于室温培养30分钟。向每个孔中以与前面加入底物溶液相同的顺序加入停止溶液。使用分光光度平板读数器在450/595nm的双重波长下测定每个孔中的吸收度。
对于每个实验,均平行进行对照(不含有药物)和空白培养(不含细胞或药物)。从所有对照和样本值中减去空白值。对于每个样本,p21WAF1诱导值(吸收度单位)以相对于对照中所存在的p21WAF1值的百分比表示。高于130%的诱导百分比定义为显著诱导。在该测定中测试11种化合物。它们都表现出了显著诱导作用。
表F-2:表F-2列出了依据实施例C.1、C.2和C.3测试的化合物的结果
化合物编号 | 酶活性pIC50 | 细胞活性pIC50 | 溶解度得分 |
1 | 7.723 | 6.232 | 2 |
2 | 8.059 | 5.691 | 1 |
3 | 7.647 | 5.62 | 1 |
4 | 8.097 | 6.248 | 1 |
5 | 7.549 | 5.689 | |
6 | 7.421 | 6.384 | 3 |
7 | 7.323 | 5.69 | 3 |
8 | 7.487 | 7.438 | 3 |
9 | 7.609 | <5 | 3 |
10 | 7.65 | 5.966 | 3 |
11 | 7.553 | <5 | 3 |
12 | 7.528 | 6.01 | 2 |
13 | 7.361 | 5.773 | |
14 | 6.614 |
D.组合物实施侧:膜包衣片剂
制备片剂核芯
将100g式(1)化合物、570g乳糖和200g淀粉的混合物充分混和,然后用5g十二烷基硫酸钠与10g聚乙烯吡咯烷酮在约200ml水中的溶液润湿。将该湿的粉末混合物过筛,干燥并再次过筛。然后向其中加入100g微晶纤维素和15g氢化植物油。将整个混合物充分混和,压制成片,获得了10.000个片剂,每片含有10mg式(I)化合物。
包衣
向10g甲基纤维素在75ml变性乙醇内的溶液中加入5g乙基纤维素在150ml二氯甲烷中的溶液。然后向其中加入75ml二氟甲烷和2.5ml1,2,3-丙三醇。将10g聚乙二醇熔化,溶解在75ml二氯甲烷中。将后一溶液加到前一溶液中,然后向其中加入2.5g硬脯酸镁、5g聚乙烯吡咯烷嗣和30ml浓的着色剂悬浮液,将全部化合物匀化。在包衣装置中用由此获得的混合物给片剂核芯包衣。
Claims (5)
2.药物组合物,其中包含可药用载体以及作为活性组分的治疗有效量的权利要求1的化合物。
3.一种制备权利要求2的药物组合物的方法,其中是将可药用载体与权利要求1的化合物充分混合。
4.权利要求1的化合物在制备用于治疗增殖性疾病的药物中的应用。
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Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN116120261A (zh) * | 2022-11-30 | 2023-05-16 | 浙大宁波理工学院 | 一种3-[(4-磺胺哌嗪-1-基)甲基]苯甲酸类化合物的制备方法 |
CN116120261B (zh) * | 2022-11-30 | 2024-01-23 | 浙大宁波理工学院 | 一种3-[(4-磺胺哌嗪-1-基)甲基]苯甲酸类化合物的制备方法 |
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US7592450B2 (en) | 2009-09-22 |
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DE60321667D1 (en) | 2008-07-31 |
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NO20044135L (no) | 2004-09-29 |
PL208401B1 (pl) | 2011-04-29 |
DK1485378T3 (da) | 2008-10-06 |
CN101007803B (zh) | 2012-03-21 |
JP2005526766A (ja) | 2005-09-08 |
OA12788A (en) | 2006-07-10 |
JP4674045B2 (ja) | 2011-04-20 |
AU2003218735A1 (en) | 2003-09-22 |
IL164004A (en) | 2011-04-28 |
CA2475766A1 (en) | 2003-09-18 |
CA2475766C (en) | 2012-06-05 |
BR0307606A (pt) | 2004-12-21 |
ATE398615T1 (de) | 2008-07-15 |
US8501737B2 (en) | 2013-08-06 |
EA007270B1 (ru) | 2006-08-25 |
CN100396679C (zh) | 2008-06-25 |
ES2307909T3 (es) | 2008-12-01 |
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AU2003218735B2 (en) | 2009-03-12 |
NZ534833A (en) | 2006-07-28 |
EA200401197A1 (ru) | 2005-02-24 |
PL371036A1 (en) | 2005-06-13 |
WO2003076438A1 (en) | 2003-09-18 |
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