CN100429530C - Observation method of between well earthquake excitation and reception interchange reflection wave - Google Patents
Observation method of between well earthquake excitation and reception interchange reflection wave Download PDFInfo
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- CN100429530C CN100429530C CNB2005100852962A CN200510085296A CN100429530C CN 100429530 C CN100429530 C CN 100429530C CN B2005100852962 A CNB2005100852962 A CN B2005100852962A CN 200510085296 A CN200510085296 A CN 200510085296A CN 100429530 C CN100429530 C CN 100429530C
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Abstract
The invention relates to an observing method for crosshole seismic motivating and receiving interchange reflection wave. The method includes the following steps: according to existing geography and well logging data of sound wave, density, Gama, natural electric potential, and resistivity to determine crosshole observing range, and locating underground motivating device in a well and locating receiving well in another well to take data acquisition, after acquiring the data for reflecting wave imaging, interchanging the motivating device and receiving device, and taking data acquisition and process. The invention has high reflecting wave imaging resolution, decreases data quality and is easy to actualize.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the petroleum geology exploration technology, specifically is that a kind of crosshole seismic of oil-field development seismic surveying excites and the reception interchange reflection wave observation procedure.
Technical background
At present, cross-hole seismic investigation is adopted in the oil-field development seismic surveying usually, and process is the down-hole to be excited with receiving trap be lowered in the producing well, and then propagates seismic signal between the hourly observation well.Conventional seismic crosshole method is that down-hole vibration source and down-hole receiving system are lowered to respectively in two mouthfuls of oil wells, in the upper and lower certain limit of objective interval to be observed shot point and observation station are set, the signal of collection is used for speed tomography and reflection wave imaging between well.Usually the well section that excites and receive is generally the twice of well spacing, excite with acceptance point apart from being standard spatial aliasing not occur, the calculating of spatial resolution is determined according to the speed on stratum, the dominant frequency of seismic signal etc.
When the minimum speed (vmin) of zone of interest is 2000m/s, the highest frequency of the seismic signal of observation (fmax) is 200Hz, and then the maximum space depth sampling interval (DZ) of Yun Xuing is: Dz=0.5vmin/fmax=0.5 * 2000/200=5m.
If crosshole seismic will solve the imaging problem of several meters thick thin reservoirs, just require its spatial sampling little at interval, need to gather more data.According to general requirement, when well spacing was X rice, the inspection well section should be 2X rice at least.For the conventional treatment method based on speed chromatography imaging processing between well, require: excite and count: 2X/Dz+1, reception is counted: 2X/Dz+1, total observation is counted: (2X/Dz+1)
2
Conventional method has following deficiency in actual applications:
Many producing wells only reach depth of reservoirs, so just can not excite with acceptance point and carry out cross-hole seismic investigation in the reservoir arranged beneath, can not obtain complete data, causing utilizing the direct wave signal to carry out between well speed chromatography imaging method can not implement, and utilizes reflection wave signal then can only obtain part imaging near received well one side.
Cross-hole seismic investigation is carried out in producing well and water injection well usually, and along with the growth of exploitation time, some down-hole casing deforms near the reservoir section, the down-hole is excited and receiving trap can not sinking near reservoir, measurement can't full implementation.
Require data acquisition that enough spatial samplings will be arranged, need take producing well for a long time and be used for measuring.
In actual applications, can not take into account two kinds of imagings, be difficult to guarantee the effect of reflection wave imaging.
Summary of the invention
Being to provide a kind of can have clearer and more definite explanation to the relative position of focal point and acceptance point order of the present invention, reflection wave imaging resolution height, minimizing image data amount, and crosshole seismic easy to implement excites and the reception interchange reflection wave observation procedure.
The present invention is according to the zone of interest degree of depth between well, inter-well distance, down-hole vibration source excitation energy and crosshole seismic speed, comprise existing sound wave, density, gamma, well-log information such as spontaneous potential and resistivity, set up the crosshole seismic model, the seismic response that utilizes the given cross well survey of seismic event analog computation to arrange, determine the cross well survey arrangement, at first the down-hole excitation apparatus is placed a well, received well places another well to carry out data acquisition, after finishing the collection capacity that is used for reflection wave imaging, to excite with receiving trap and exchange, be about to excitation apparatus and place former received well, receiving trap is placed former excitation well, image data again, specifically adopt following steps:
1) shot point is set above the zone of interest in excitation well, a plurality of acceptance points are set in received well, extend through zone of interest or above zone of interest in the inspection well section;
2) according to the relative position of shot point and acceptance point, adopt ray-tracing algorithm to calculate the reflection angle of the degree of covering of reflection spot between each excites, the earthquake reflected wave of acceptance point is propagated ray tracing and well, coverage, seismic event, determine in earthquake reflected wave coverage and the received well observation scope that half well spacing imaging area does not have total reflection and zone of interest does not produce refraction;
3) image data obtains the imaging of half well spacing of close received well side by processing;
4) excitation well and received well are exchanged, place receiving equipment at original excitation well, received well is placed down-hole vibration source, repeats 1) to 3) the step collection, measure excite and receive after the exchange data, obtain the reflection wave imaging between second half well;
5) twice observed result handled with data-signals such as conventional seismic wave field separation, signal enhancing, velocity analysiss, utilized crosshole seismic to unify imaging processing and obtain reflection wave imaging section between complete well.
The present invention also provides following technical scheme, and reception is counted and acceptance point is determined apart from progression, level spacing and geologic objective according to subsurface equipment.A most shallow down-hole acceptance point degree of depth is less than or equals the most shallow shot point degree of depth.Excite that to count minimum be more than 1 or 1, acceptance point quantity is greater than shot point quantity.
Effect of the present invention shows the high efficiency and the practicality of data acquisition.
The present invention can effectively measure in the oil well that can not carry out conventional cross-hole seismic investigation originally.Strengthen seismic technology adaptive faculty in the well, enlarged range of application.
The present invention is fully from the earthquake reflected wave angle, given full play to transmitted wave and had more high-resolution characteristics, improved the crosshole seismic observation effect, the form of its end result is consistent with surface seismic, both achievements are easy to explain in conjunction with being used for, have improved the effect that is used for reservoir description.
Earthquake construction method ratio in the present invention and the existing standard well has significantly reduced to excite and has counted.In existing standard well earthquake construction method, when well spacing (X) be 200 meters, when maximum space is sampled as 5 meters, former exciting counted and the observation station number average is 2X/Dz+1=81, it is 81 * 81=6561 that total observation is counted.And the present invention only needs to adopt several shot points (rather than 81 points) just can obtain better effect at two wells, and workload only is 1/10th.When having adopted 4 shot points to excite (every mouthful of well is 2 shot points), corresponding 150 acceptance points of each shot point to receive, surplus the effect that obtains reduces 10 with the original design proposal that adopts 51 gun excitations, 136 big guns to receive times.
The present invention helps improving cross-hole seismic investigation reflection wave data acquisition quality and imaging effect, shortens the engineering time greatly, reduces cost.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 measures view for the present invention;
The white round dot is represented down-hole vibration source; White rectangle is represented well seismometer; Below point rectangle region is represented objective interval; Dark expression imaging area; Arrow is represented seismic ray, excitation well on the left side, received well measurement state on the right.
Fig. 2 is the another measurement view of the present invention;
Two wells will exchange after measuring for the first time for finishing, promptly excitation well on the right, the measurement state of received well on the left side.
Fig. 3 is oil field of the present invention crosshole seismic observation embodiment;
To excite and receive the overlapping drafting of survey layout before and after exchanging among the figure.Two wells have 150 acceptance points (thick line) of 4 shot points (top circle) and each shot point correspondence.
Fig. 4 is shot point of the present invention and 150 original Z component data plots of common-shot-gather collection that acceptance point is gathered;
Among the figure shot point and 150 data that acceptance point is gathered.Reflection wave is high-visible among the figure.
Fig. 5 is reflection wave imaging (right side) comparison diagram between surface seismic reflection wave imaging of the present invention (left side) and well.
The contrast of reflection wave imaging section (right side) and surface seismic reflection wave imaging section (left side) between the final well that demonstration process data processing obtains among the figure; Crosshole seismic reflection profile resolution obviously improves, and geological phenomenon is more high-visible.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing in detail the present invention is described in detail.
At first determine the cross well survey arrangement according to the zone of interest degree of depth, inter-well distance, down-hole vibration source excitation energy (or effective propagation distance of down-hole vibration source excitation energy) and crosshole seismic rate pattern between existing well.Way is according to the well-log information of construction well, mainly comprises well-log informations such as sound wave, density, gamma, spontaneous potential and resistivity, sets up the crosshole seismic model.Utilize the seismic event analogue technique to calculate the seismic response that given cross well survey is arranged, aspect two of effect and project investments, make optimal selection in view of the above.
Specific practice is as follows:
At first, in excitation well, certain distance design shot point above zone of interest, distance is according to each shot point and acceptance point position not to be produced seismic refraction at zone of interest ((by forward simulation, can collect effective reflection) determined.The a plurality of acceptance points of design under the situation of given shot point, have enough degree of covering to determine the quantity of acceptance point according near the half well spacing range internal reflection ripple received well in received well.
The inspection well section can extend through zone of interest or above zone of interest.A most shallow down-hole is observed (reception) some degree of depth be less than or is equaled the most shallow shot point degree of depth.Excite that to count minimum be 1, receive count and acceptance point apart from (by reception count and acceptance point apart from determining range of receiving) tentatively definite according to the sum of series level spacing of existing subsurface equipment.As existing instrument is that 16 grade, grade spacings are 20 meters, and then the number minimum of acceptance point designs survey layout since 16, well spacing maximum from 20m.
Then according to above-mentioned crosshole seismic model and survey layout, utilize conventional Snell (Si Naier, name) theorem or Fermat (Fermat, name) ray-tracing algorithm is calculated the ray tracing that each excites, the earthquake reflected wave of acceptance point is propagated, and assurance survey layout (relative position of shot point and acceptance point) can not produce at zone of interest and be refracted as principle of design.
Simultaneously, the reflection angle of the degree of covering of reflection spot, coverage, seismic event between well during calculating observation is arranged.Half well spacing imaging area does not have under the total reflection situation in, the received well observation scope higher and even when the earthquake reflected wave degree of covering of imaging area between well, determines this measurement survey layout.
According to survey layout and earthquake reflected wave imaging (as the VSPCDP transfer algorithm) principle, measurement data is handled the imaging that obtains near half well spacing of received well side.Because the most shallow acceptance point degree of depth is less than the degree of depth of the most shallow shot point, guaranteed that this imaging scope will be a bit larger tham the imaging scope (from the received well to the excitation well) of half well spacing.In order to improve the degree of covering of imaging area reflection wave, can increase shot point and acceptance point.The number of shot point and acceptance point will be determined in conjunction with demand according to the project geologic objective.
After finishing above-mentioned measurement, excitation well and received well are exchanged, promptly place receiving equipment at original source borehole.Received well is placed down-hole vibration source and is repeated aforementioned measurement.The crosshole seismic ripple propagate basic theories based on horizontal layer uniform dielectric condition under, this exchange belongs to the exchange of complete equal conditions, can obtain close survey layout.Arrange in view of the above measure excite and receive after the exchange data, can guarantee to obtain the reflection wave imaging (from the excitation well to the received well) between second half well.
Twice observed result handled means by conventional data-signals such as seismic wave field separation, signal enhancing, velocity analysis and imaging, finally obtain reflection wave imaging section between complete well.
Claims (1)
1, a kind of crosshole seismic excites and the reception interchange reflection wave observation procedure, according to the zone of interest degree of depth between well, inter-well distance, down-hole vibration source excitation energy and crosshole seismic speed, comprise existing sound wave, density, gamma, well-log information such as spontaneous potential and resistivity, set up the crosshole seismic model, the seismic response that utilizes the given cross well survey of seismic event analog computation to arrange, determine the cross well survey arrangement, it is characterized in that at first the down-hole excitation apparatus being placed a well, received well places another well to carry out data acquisition, after finishing the collection capacity that is used for reflection wave imaging, to excite with receiving trap and exchange, be about to excitation apparatus and place former received well, receiving trap is placed former excitation well, image data again, specifically adopt following steps:
1) shot point is set above the zone of interest in excitation well, a plurality of acceptance points are set in received well, extend through zone of interest or above zone of interest in the inspection well section;
2) according to the relative position of shot point and acceptance point, adopt ray-tracing algorithm to calculate the reflection angle of the degree of covering of reflection spot between each excites, the earthquake reflected wave of acceptance point is propagated ray tracing and well, coverage, seismic event, determine in earthquake reflected wave coverage and the received well observation scope that half well spacing imaging area does not have total reflection and zone of interest does not produce refraction;
3) image data obtains the imaging of half well spacing of close received well side by processing;
4) excitation well and received well are exchanged, place receiving equipment at original excitation well, received well is placed down-hole vibration source, repeats 1) to 3) the step collection, measure excite and receive after the exchange data, obtain the reflection wave imaging between second half well;
5) twice observed result handled with data-signals such as conventional seismic wave field separation, signal enhancing, velocity analysiss, utilized crosshole seismic to unify imaging processing and obtain reflection wave imaging section between complete well;
Described reception count and acceptance point apart from determining according to the progression of subsurface equipment, level spacing and geologic objective, a most shallow down-hole acceptance point degree of depth is less than or equals the most shallow shot point degree of depth;
Describedly excite that to count minimum be more than 1 or 1, acceptance point quantity is greater than shot point quantity.
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| CN101609166B (en) * | 2008-06-19 | 2011-05-25 | 中国石油集团东方地球物理勘探有限责任公司 | Method for measuring near surface structure of water area |
| CN101625417B (en) * | 2008-07-08 | 2011-09-07 | 中国石油集团东方地球物理勘探有限责任公司 | Method for optimizing design of vertical seismic profile observation system |
| CN102042001A (en) * | 2009-10-12 | 2011-05-04 | 西安威尔罗根能源科技有限公司 | Digital acoustic wave multilevel underground instrument capable of realizing real-time automatic gain control |
| CN101942993A (en) * | 2010-09-01 | 2011-01-12 | 大港油田集团有限责任公司 | Inter-well potential tomography imaging system and method while drilling |
| CN105093282B (en) * | 2014-05-16 | 2018-01-05 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Energy replacement surface wave pressing method based on frequency constraint |
| CN107957593B (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2019-07-02 | 中国民航大学 | A kind of Thick Underground Ice degeneration monitoring system and control evaluation method |
| CN113568033B (en) * | 2020-04-28 | 2024-06-04 | 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 | Design method and device of three-dimensional irregular sampling seismic acquisition observation system |
| CN113589387A (en) * | 2020-04-30 | 2021-11-02 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Borehole three-dimensional seismic acquisition method |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU824098A1 (en) * | 1979-07-20 | 1981-04-23 | Белорусский Научно-Исследовательскийгеологоразведочный Институт | Method of producing three component oriented seismic recording |
| RU1347740C (en) * | 1985-10-25 | 1993-11-15 | Всесоюзный научно-исследовательский институт геофизики | Method of borehole seismic surveying |
| RU1459468C (en) * | 1986-09-23 | 1994-05-30 | Всесоюзный научно-исследовательский геологоразведочный нефтяной институт | Method of borehole seismic prospecting |
| WO2002008791A1 (en) * | 2000-07-21 | 2002-01-31 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Use of minor borehole obstructions as seismic sources |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU824098A1 (en) * | 1979-07-20 | 1981-04-23 | Белорусский Научно-Исследовательскийгеологоразведочный Институт | Method of producing three component oriented seismic recording |
| RU1347740C (en) * | 1985-10-25 | 1993-11-15 | Всесоюзный научно-исследовательский институт геофизики | Method of borehole seismic surveying |
| RU1459468C (en) * | 1986-09-23 | 1994-05-30 | Всесоюзный научно-исследовательский геологоразведочный нефтяной институт | Method of borehole seismic prospecting |
| WO2002008791A1 (en) * | 2000-07-21 | 2002-01-31 | Baker Hughes Incorporated | Use of minor borehole obstructions as seismic sources |
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