CN109672505B - Orthogonal cooperative transmission method based on subcarrier index modulation - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an orthogonal cooperation transmission method based on subcarrier index modulation, which comprises the following steps: s1: the source node divides the information bit stream into index information, first constellation diagram information and second constellation diagram information in a first time slot, and maps the index information into subcarrier indexes; s2: activating a part of subcarriers through subcarrier indexes in a first time slot, and transmitting first constellation information to a relay node and a destination node through the activated subcarriers; s3: activating the rest subcarriers through subcarrier indexes in a second time slot, and transmitting second constellation map information to a destination node through the activated subcarriers; the relay node transmits the received first constellation map information to a destination node; s4: the destination node demodulates the information received by the two time slots to obtain a complete information bit stream; the method and the device ensure the orthogonality of the signals received by the destination node from the source node and the relay node in the second time slot, and effectively give consideration to the transmission rate and the transmission reliability of the signals.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication, and particularly relates to an orthogonal cooperative transmission method based on subcarrier index modulation.
Background
With the continuous development and integration of wireless communication and the internet, the informatization and intellectualization steps of the society are continuously accelerated, the scientific technology is continuously developed, the communication technology is continuously promoted, and in order to meet the requirements of more different data services, higher requirements are provided for the transmission rate and the reliability of a wireless communication system.
The Multi-antenna system forms a multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) system by arranging a plurality of transmitting or receiving antennas on one terminal device, so as to improve transmission performance by using antenna diversity or improve system capacity by using antenna multiplexing. However, many network nodes, such as mobile terminals and partial wireless sensor network nodes, are limited by size, cost or hardware, and cannot arrange multiple antennas, so that the advantages of the MIMO system are not effectively utilized to improve transmission reliability or transmission rate.
In order to overcome the defect that a single-antenna terminal cannot acquire diversity performance by arranging a plurality of antennas and improve the communication reliability of the single-antenna terminal, researchers have proposed a cooperative network, which constructs a virtual multi-antenna array by using the antennas of a plurality of user nodes distributed at different spatial positions, so that a single-antenna user can realize a space diversity effect similar to MIMO by means of a plurality of relay cooperative user antennas without significantly increasing the complexity of the terminal, thereby improving the transmission reliability. However, since the data transmission is completed in two time slots, the source node can complete the transmission of two data blocks in two time slots without considering the transmission reliability, but only completes the transmission of one data block at this time, i.e. results in half of the data rate loss. Certainly, data transmission is completed in two time slots, and spatial diversity performance is obtained through cooperation of an additional third-party node, so that transmission reliability is improved, and therefore the cooperative network improves the transmission reliability at the expense of transmission rate. Such a scheme is referred to herein as a "classical collaboration network," the structure of which is shown in FIG. 1.
To compensate for this loss of data rate, researchers have proposed a cooperative transmission network as shown in fig. 2. In the cooperative transmission network, a source node sends data to a relay node and a destination node in a first time slot; in the second time slot, the relay node forwards the data it received in the first time slot to the destination node, and the source node sends additional information to the destination node. However, in the second time slot, the signals transmitted from the source node and the relay node to the destination node are on the same subcarrier, so that the two signals are not orthogonal to each other, which causes mutual interference and deteriorates the symbol detection performance of the destination node. At a receiving end, Maximum Likelihood (ML) detection with high complexity or a Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) algorithm needs to be adopted to improve symbol detection performance, which is still lower than that of a classical cooperative network. Such a scheme is referred to herein as a "non-orthogonal cooperative network". The non-orthogonal cooperative network avoids the loss of the data rate of the cooperative network at the cost of certain transmission reliability.
Therefore, the single-antenna terminal node can form a virtual multi-antenna system by adopting a cooperation mode, so that the diversity performance is obtained, and the transmission reliability is improved, but the data transmission is completed in two time slots, so that the data rate loss is caused. The non-orthogonal cooperative transmission network does not cause data rate loss, but deteriorates demodulation performance of the receiving end due to the non-orthogonality of the signal received by the destination node of the second time slot. The classical cooperative network increases the transmission reliability by sacrificing a certain transmission rate, and the non-orthogonal cooperative network increases the data transmission rate by sacrificing a certain transmission reliability.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of at least one defect or improvement requirement in the prior art, the present invention provides an orthogonal cooperative transmission method based on subcarrier index modulation, which aims to solve the problem that the existing cooperative transmission network cannot give consideration to both transmission rate and transmission reliability.
To achieve the above object, according to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided an orthogonal cooperative transmission method based on subcarrier index modulation, including the steps of:
s1: a source node divides an information bit stream to be sent into index information, first constellation diagram information and second constellation diagram information in a first time slot, and maps the index information into subcarrier indexes;
assuming that the number of subcarriers of an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) block is N, each N subcarriers constitute one subcarrierGrouping, activating k subcarriers in the first time slot for data transmission, wherein the modulation order of the constellation diagram is M, and the length of the index information is M
Q is N/N, and the length of the first constellation diagram information is g2-Qk log2M, the length of the second constellation diagram information is g3＝Q(n-k)log2M; thus, the total amount of information that can be transmitted is
As is evident from (1), the method enables the transmission of additional data than previously possible
Information of bits, wherein
Represents rounding down;
s2: activating a part of subcarriers through the subcarrier indexes in a first time slot, and transmitting the first constellation information to a relay node and a destination node through the activated subcarriers;
s3: activating the rest subcarriers through the subcarrier indexes in a second time slot, and transmitting the second constellation map information to a destination node through the activated subcarriers; meanwhile, the relay node transmits the first constellation map information received by the first time slot to the destination node;
s4: and the destination node demodulates the information received by the first time slot and the second time slot to obtain a complete information bit stream.
Preferably, in the orthogonal cooperative transmission method, step S2 includes the following substeps:
s21: carrying out constellation map modulation on the first constellation map information to obtain a first symbol vector s1；
S22: vector s of the first symbols1Placing the sub-carriers one by one in the active sub-carriers for inverse Fourier transformAnd the data is transmitted to the relay node and the destination node after conversion and digital-to-analog conversion.
Preferably, in the orthogonal cooperative transmission method, step S3 includes the following substeps:
s31: carrying out constellation map modulation on the second constellation map information to obtain a second symbol vector s2；
S32: vector s of the second symbol2The sub-carriers are placed on the inactivated sub-carriers of the first time slot one by one, and are transmitted to a target node after inverse Fourier transform and digital-to-analog conversion are carried out;
s33: the relay node receives a first symbol vector s in a first time slot1And the amplified signal is forwarded to a destination node.
Preferably, the method for orthogonal cooperative transmission further includes separately aligning the first symbol vectors s1And a second symbol vector s2The step of performing LCP:
wherein, P is a precoding matrix,
respectively representing the first symbol vector and the second symbol vector after LCP processing.
Preferably, the method for orthogonal cooperative transmission further includes separately aligning the first symbol vectors s1And a second symbol vector s2And performing CI processing:
wherein, (.)RAnd (·)IRespectively representing the real part and the imaginary part,
respectively representing the first symbol vector and the second symbol vector after CI processing.
Preferably, in the foregoing orthogonal cooperative transmission method, the mapping the index information to a subcarrier index in step S1 specifically includes the following substeps:
s11: the source node decomposes the index information b into Q subsequences, each containing k log2M bits, and using a lookup table or a combination number to convert k log2M bits are mapped into an index of a subcarrier group, and the index of a grouped subcarrier mapped by the ith subsequence is expressed as
Wherein, i is 1 to Q, Q is N/N, N represents the number of subcarriers of the OFDM data block, and each subcarrier group includes N subcarriers;
s12: indexing the Q grouped subcarriers
Combining the active sub-carrier indexes into an active sub-carrier index of the whole OFDM data block;
s13: and generating a data arrangement matrix according to the activated subcarrier index, wherein the data arrangement matrix is used for placing the first constellation diagram information or the second constellation diagram information on the selectively activated subcarriers one by one.
Preferably, in the orthogonal cooperative transmission method, in step S13, the data array matrix Γ of the first slot is:
data arrangement matrix of the second time slot
Comprises the following steps:
wherein gamma is equal to
Complementary sets of each other, N1Indicating the number of sub-carriers, N, active in the first time slot2Indicating the number of activated subcarriers in the second time slot.
Preferably, in the orthogonal cooperative transmission method, the received signal of the destination node is transmitted in the first time slot
Comprises the following steps:
received signal of relay node
Comprises the following steps:
wherein,
respectively represent
The channel gain of (a);
and
respectively represents the additive white Gaussian noise of the destination node and the relay node in the first time slot, and the power of the additive white Gaussian noise is respectively
And
is a power compensation factor that ensures that the average power of the transmitted signal is normalized to 1.
Preferably, in the orthogonal cooperative transmission method, the received signal of the destination node is transmitted in the second time slot
Comprises the following steps:
where β represents the gain of the relay node, which may be expressed as
Preferably, in the foregoing orthogonal cooperative transmission method, the signals received by the destination node in two time slots are:
y＝HS+N
preferably, the orthogonal cooperative transmission method further includes, after step S4: the target node detects the received information by adopting an ML method:
where Σ represents the covariance matrix of the noise N, which can be expressed as
In general, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution contemplated by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:
(1) the invention provides an orthogonal cooperative transmission method based on subcarrier index modulation.A source node activates partial subcarriers at a first time slot to transmit first constellation information, and the indexes of the activated subcarriers are also utilized to realize data transmission; in the second time slot, the relay node forwards the first constellation diagram information received in the first time slot to the destination node, and meanwhile, the source node transmits the second constellation diagram information on the sub-carrier which is not activated in the first time slot, so that the orthogonality of signals received by the destination node from the source node and the relay node in the second time slot is ensured, the extra information transmission is realized by activating the index of the sub-carrier, and the data transmission rate is improved; the receiving complexity of the target node is low, the data transmission quantity can be improved to a certain degree, the data rate loss of the cooperative network is further compensated, and the application scene of the cooperative network is enriched;
(2) the orthogonal cooperative transmission method based on subcarrier index modulation provided by the invention adopts LCP or CI technology to reprocess modulated constellation map information, thereby obtaining space diversity performance and improving transmission reliability;
(3) compared with the classical OFDM-based cooperative network, the orthogonal cooperative transmission method based on subcarrier index modulation provided by the invention has the advantages that the transmission rate is improved, and when two subcarriers are used as a group and one subcarrier is used for transmitting data in each time slot, the spectral efficiency of 0.5 bit per second per hertz (bps/Hz) can be improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a classical OFDM-based cooperative network;
FIG. 2 is a non-orthogonal cooperative network;
FIG. 3 is a cooperative network based on OFDM-IM provided by the embodiments of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of frequency domain information transmission of an OFDM-IM based cooperative network provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a block diagram of a transmitting end of an OFDM-IM based cooperative network provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the comparison of BER performance of three cooperative networks;
fig. 7 is a diagram illustrating comparison results of data transmission amounts of three types of cooperative networks.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
Fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating a coordinated transmission network based on OFDM-IM according to this embodiment, in which a source node transmits data to a relay node and a destination node in a first time slot; in the second time slot, the relay node forwards the data received by the relay node in the first time slot to the destination node, and the source node sends additional information to the destination node; the subcarriers for transmitting signals from the source node and the relay node in the second time slot keep orthogonality, so that signals transmitted from the relay node and the source node to the destination node cannot generate mutual interference, the demodulation performance of a receiving end is better, and the calculation complexity is lower.
The orthogonal cooperative transmission method based on subcarrier index modulation provided by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
s1: a first time slot: the source node divides an information bit stream to be transmitted into index information, first constellation diagram information and second constellation diagram information;
assuming that the number of subcarriers of an OFDM block is N-256, and dividing the OFDM block into Q-128 packets, each packet includes N-2 subcarriers, and each time slot activates one of k-1 subcarriers for data transmission; the modulation order of the constellation diagram is M-2, the modulation mode adopts phase shift keying,the channel is a flat channel; the index information length is
The first constellation diagram information length is g2＝Qklog2M＝128*1*log22-128, the second constellation information length is g3＝Q(n-k)log2M＝128*1*log22-128; therefore, the total amount of information that can be transmitted by the method is:
compared with a classical cooperative network, the scheme of the invention can transmit more 128 bits of information.
S2: a first time slot: the source node decomposes the index information sequence (represented by b) into 128 subsequences, each subsequence contains 1 bit, and the index of a subcarrier is mapped by a method of a lookup table or a combination number by mapping 1 bit, and the subcarrier index mapped by the ith subsequence is represented as
This embodiment gives an example of a lookup table when the subcarrier packet length is 2 and one subcarrier transmission data k is activated per slot to be 1, that is, a lookup table when (n, k) is (2, 1).
Example of lookup table when (n, k) is (2, 1) in table 1
As shown in table 1, when the input index information is 0, data is transmitted using a first subcarrier in the packet, and when the input index information is 1, data is transmitted using a second subcarrier in the packet.
S3: a first time slot: the source node will be indexed by 128 subsequencesThe active sub-carrier index generated by the fuze information is combined into the active sub-carrier index of the whole OFDM data block
The synthesis method can be freely selected, and the example provides a synthesis method as follows:
according to the synthesized active subcarrier index
Generating a data arrangement matrix for placing symbols of the constellation symbol vector one by one on corresponding subcarriers, wherein the data arrangement matrix of the first time slot is as follows
The data arrangement matrix of the second slot is as follows:
it should be noted that, here
I.e. gamma and
are complementary sets; n is a radical of1Indicating the number of sub-carriers, N, active in the first time slot2Indicating the number of activated subcarriers in the second time slot.
S4: the source node carries out constellation map modulation on the first constellation map information in the first time slot to obtain a first constellation map symbol vector s1And put them one by one on the sub-carriers selectively activated by the data array matrix in the first time slotPerforming inverse Fourier transform (IFFT) and digital-to-analog (DA) conversion, and transmitting to a destination node and a relay node; fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of frequency domain information transmission of the OFDM-IM based cooperative network provided in the present embodiment;
wherein the received signal of the destination node
Expressed as:
received signal of relay node
Expressed as:
wherein,
and
respectively represent
And
the channel gain of (a);
and
respectively represents the additive white Gaussian noise of the destination node and the relay node in the first time slot, and the power of the additive white Gaussian noise is respectively
And
is a power compensation factor that ensures that the average power of the transmitted signal is normalized to 1.
S5: a second time slot: the relay node receives a first constellation symbol vector s from the source node in a first time slot1Amplifying and forwarding to a destination node;
meanwhile, the source node modulates the second constellation diagram information to obtain a second constellation diagram symbol vector s2The data array matrix is placed on the subcarriers selected and activated by the data array matrix in the second time slot one by one, and is transmitted to a target node after inverse Fourier transform (IFFT) and digital-to-analog (DA) conversion;
at this time, the destination node receives the signal
Expressed as:
wherein,
representing the additive white Gaussian noise of the destination node at the time slot two; beta represents the gain of the relay node,
the cooperative network mainly functions to improve transmission performance by introducing the relay node to assist signal transmission to obtain spatial diversity performance, however, in the above embodiment, the second constellation information is directly sent from the source node to the destination node in the second time slot, and does not include the second constellation informationHas a passage
The link does not acquire the spatial diversity performance; therefore, as a preferable preference of this embodiment, the method obtains the spatial diversity performance by using a Linear Constellation Precoding (LCP) or a Cooperative Interleaving (CI) technique, so as to improve the transmission reliability of the scheme of the above embodiment;
fig. 5 is a block diagram of a transmitting end of an OFDM-IM based cooperative network provided by an embodiment of the present invention; the method for realizing the LCPOFDM-IM-based cooperative network comprises the following steps: respectively modulating the first constellation diagram symbol vectors s obtained in the first time slot1A second constellation diagram symbol vector s obtained by modulation in a second time slot2Processing is performed by a precoding matrix, and the processed signal is represented as:
wherein,
it should be noted that the precoding matrix P may be optimally selected by optimizing the coding gain, and this embodiment only uses a specific 2 × 2 matrix as an example for description.
After LCP processing, the source node will perform the first time slot
Multiplying the data array matrix gamma to enable the symbols of the data array matrix gamma to be placed on the subcarriers selectively activated by the first time slot one by one and transmitting the symbols to a destination node and a relay node;
at this time, the receiving end receives the signal
Can be expressed as
Signals received by the relay node
Can be expressed as
The source node will be in the second time slot
And
multiplying, placing each symbol on the subcarrier selectively activated by the second time slot one by one, and transmitting to a destination node;
the signal received by the destination node at this time
Can be expressed as
The realization method of the CI-OFDM-IM-based cooperative network comprises the following steps: respectively modulating the first constellation diagram symbol vectors s obtained in the first time slot1A second constellation diagram symbol vector s obtained by modulation in a second time slot2CI processing is performed, and the processed signal is represented as:
wherein, (.)RAnd (·)IRespectively representing taking the real part and the imaginary part.
At CI positionAfter finishing treatment, will
And
the transmission is performed on the active subcarriers in the first time slot and the second time slot according to the above method, which is not described herein again.
S6: the target node performs joint demodulation on the signals received by the two time slots to obtain index information, first constellation information and second constellation information;
the signal received by the destination node in two time slots can be represented as (for example, LCP processing):
the signal can be detected by various detection methods, the embodiment adopts the ML method as an example, and ML detection is expressed as ML detection
Where Σ represents the covariance matrix of the noise N, expressed as
In addition, in this embodiment, the Bit Error Rate (BER) is used to measure the transmission reliability, and the performances of three transmission schemes are compared, where the three transmission schemes are respectively: a Classical OFDM-based cooperative network (as shown in fig. 1, a simulation result is represented by classic OFDM), a LCPOFDM-based Non-Orthogonal cooperative network (as shown in fig. 2, a simulation result is represented by Non-Orthogonal LCPOFDM), and an LCPOFDM-IM-based Orthogonal cooperative network in the present invention (as shown in fig. 3, a simulation result is represented by deployed LCPOFDM-IM); fig. 6 shows BER performance comparison of three cooperative networks, and fig. 7 shows transmission data amount comparison of three cooperative networks in two time slots; as can be seen from fig. 6 and fig. 7, the BER performance of the present invention is lower than that of the classified OFDM scheme and higher than that of the Non-Orthogonal LCPOFDM scheme, but the data transmission amount of the present invention is higher than that of the classified OFDM scheme and lower than that of the Non-Orthogonal LCPOFDM scheme, which effectively considers both the transmission rate and the transmission reliability of the signal.
The orthogonal cooperative transmission method based on subcarrier index modulation provided by the invention introduces the index transmission information of subcarriers, ensures the orthogonality of signals received by a target node, ensures the receiving complexity of the target node to be lower, can improve the data transmission quantity to a certain extent, further compensates the data rate loss of a cooperative network, and enriches the application scenes of the cooperative network.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An orthogonal cooperative transmission method based on subcarrier index modulation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: a source node divides an information bit stream to be sent into index information, first constellation diagram information and second constellation diagram information in a first time slot, and maps the index information into subcarrier indexes;
s2: activating a part of subcarriers through the subcarrier indexes in a first time slot, and transmitting the first constellation information to a relay node and a destination node through the activated subcarriers;
s3: activating the rest subcarriers through the subcarrier indexes in a second time slot, and transmitting the second constellation map information to a destination node through the activated subcarriers; meanwhile, the relay node transmits the first constellation map information received by the first time slot to the destination node;
s4: and the destination node demodulates the information received by the first time slot and the second time slot to obtain a complete information bit stream.
2. The orthogonal cooperative transmission method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S2 includes the following sub-steps:
s21: carrying out constellation map modulation on the first constellation map information to obtain a first symbol vector s1；
S22: vector s of the first symbols1And the sub-carriers are placed one by one on the active sub-carriers, and are transmitted to the relay node and the destination node after inverse Fourier transform and digital-to-analog conversion.
3. The orthogonal cooperative transmission method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the step S3 comprises the following sub-steps:
s31: carrying out constellation map modulation on the second constellation map information to obtain a second symbol vector s2；
S32: vector s of the second symbol2The sub-carriers are placed on the inactivated sub-carriers of the first time slot one by one, and are transmitted to a target node after inverse Fourier transform and digital-to-analog conversion are carried out;
s33: the relay node receives a first symbol vector s in a first time slot1And the amplified signal is forwarded to a destination node.
4. The orthogonal cooperative transmission method as claimed in claim 3, further comprising separately aligning the first symbol vectors s1And a second symbol vector s2And (3) performing linear constellation precoding processing:
wherein, P is a precoding matrix,
respectively representing the first symbol vector and the second symbol vector after being processed by the precoding of the linear constellation diagram.
5. The orthogonal cooperative transmission method as claimed in claim 3, further comprising separately aligning the first symbol vectors s1And a second symbol vector s2And performing cooperative interleaving processing:
wherein, (.)RAnd (·)IRespectively representing the real part and the imaginary part,
respectively representing the first symbol vector and the second symbol vector after the cooperative interleaving processing.
6. The orthogonal cooperative transmission method as claimed in claim 4 or 5, wherein the mapping of the index information to subcarrier indexes in step S1 specifically comprises the sub-steps of:
s11: the source node decomposes the index information b into Q subsequences, maps each subsequence into an index of a subcarrier group, and expresses the index of a grouped subcarrier mapped by the ith subsequence as
Wherein, i is 1 to Q, Q is N/N, N represents the number of subcarriers of the OFDM data block, and each subcarrier group includes N subcarriers;
s12: indexing the Q grouped subcarriers
Combining the active sub-carrier indexes into an active sub-carrier index of the whole OFDM data block;
s13: and generating a data arrangement matrix according to the activated subcarrier index, wherein the data arrangement matrix is used for placing the first symbol vector or the second symbol vector on the selectively activated subcarriers one by one.
7. The orthogonal cooperative transmission method as claimed in claim 6, wherein in step S13, the data arrangement matrix Γ for the first slot is:
data arrangement matrix of the second time slot
Comprises the following steps:
wherein gamma is equal to
Are complementary to each other and are mutually combined,
an active subcarrier index indicating a first slot,
the active subcarrier index of the second time slot is represented, and the two are complementary sets; n is a radical of1Indicating the number of sub-carriers, N, active in the first time slot2Indicating the number of activated subcarriers in the second time slot.
8. The orthogonal cooperative transmission method as claimed in claim 7, wherein the reception signal of the destination node is received in the first slot
Comprises the following steps:
received signal of relay node
Comprises the following steps:
wherein,
respectively representing the channel gains of a source node → a relay node and a source node → a destination node;
and
respectively represents the additive white Gaussian noise of the destination node and the relay node in the first time slot, and the power of the additive white Gaussian noise is respectively
And
is a power compensation factor used to ensure that the average power of the transmitted signal is normalized to 1; k represents the number of subcarriers activated in the first slot per subcarrier group.
9. The orthogonal cooperative transmission as recited in claim 8Method, characterized in that in the second time slot, the received signal of the destination node
Comprises the following steps:
wherein h isRDRepresenting the channel gain of relay node → destination node;
representing the gain of the relay node;
representing the additive white Gaussian noise of the destination node at the second time slot; gamma ray2A power compensation factor representing the second time slot for ensuring that the average power of the transmitted signal is normalized to 1,
10. the orthogonal cooperative transmission method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the signals received by the destination node in two slots are:
wherein,
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| CN111585688B (en) * | 2020-05-15 | 2022-06-21 | 西北工业大学深圳研究院 | OCDM underwater acoustic communication method based on index modulation |
| CN112272077B (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2022-04-15 | 山东大学 | Non-orthogonal multiple access transmission method based on serial number modulation |
| US20230388155A1 (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2023-11-30 | Media Tek Inc. | Cooperation with digital frequency-translation repeater for uplink transmission and reception-base station behavior |
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